To All from PA0SE
Matti, OH2ZT wrote:
In a book
Klawitter-Herold-Oexner: "Langwellen- und Laengstwellenfunk"
by
Siebel Verlag (2000) is a good description of Goliath system pp 47-52
and
also info about other historical VLF-LF stations.
An extensive description of the Goliath station can also be found in a
book written by my good friend Arthur O. Bauer, PA0AOB, of Amsterdam:
Funkpeilung als alliierte Waffe gegen deutsche U-Boote 1939 -
1945, with subtitle Wie Schwächen und Versäumnisse bei der
Funkführung der U-Boote zum Ausgang der "Schlacht im
Atlantik"beigetragen haben.
The part on the Goliath station is a contribution by Klaus Herold and
comprises no less than 41 pages. There are block schematic diagrams,
drawings of the antenna and earth systems, technical data of
transmitter, valves, antenna and earth system, power supply , cooling
system, site and even costs of the station. Also seven
photographs.
You may also be interested in the reaminig part of the book
and I therefore list the titles of the chapters:
Vorwort
1. Einleitung
2 Der U-Boot Funkdienst, Amgriffsfläche für den Gegener
3. Ultra versus Enigma
4. Die Funkausrüstung der U-Boote
5. Huff-Duff, ein Durchbruch in der schiffsgestützten Peilung auf
Kurzwellen
6. Die britische HF-Peil-Anlage FH-4
7. Huff-Duff sichert Geleitzüge (Augenzeugenberichte)
8. Die Funkführung der U-Boote in der Praxis
9. Die verschiedenen Arten von U-Boot-Funksprüchen
10. Schlussbetrachtung
Danksagung
Erganzende B eitrage
I. Die Metox-Affaire
II. Das Kurzsignalverfahren Kurier (contribution by Ralph Erskine)
III. Funkverfassung ausserhalb der Schwebunkslücke (contribution by Klaus
Herold
IV. Der Goilath-Sender (contribution by Klaus Herold
Erklärung von Abkürzungen
Literaturverzeichnis
Anhänge
Quellennachweis
This may look like another commercial on the reflector but let me assure
you that I have no commercial interest in the book whatsoever.
If you are interested in the book you better contact Arthur Bauer
directly: [email protected].
73, Dick, PA0SE
----- Original
Message -----
From: "Hans-Joachim Brandt"
<[email protected]>
To: <[email protected]>
Sent: Thursday, July 24, 2003 10:05 PM
Subject: LF: Re: LF station in Bavarian Mountains
Dear Group,
as far as I know, living in eastern Bavaria, just a few concrete blocks
can
be found on the mountains mentioned, which have carried the antenna
wires.
For more details I guss I had to contact Karl Hille, DL1VU, who lives
closer
to that region (he is a true bavarian, older than me, and lives there
since
a long time).
But concerning the Lorenz Company, they got their chance to build a
VLF
station at the beginning of the second world war for erecting the
so-called
"Goliath" station for communication with submarines, operating
at
16 kHz with 1 MW transmitter output and 50% antenna efficiency,
employing
the Alexanderson principle. In the "German Museum" in Munich I
have read in
a book that submarines before New York could copy this station at a depth
of
16-20 meters, and at about 8 meters before Japan, using magnetic
aerials.
This station has never been bombed by the allied forces (obviously
they
wanted to observe the traffic). The book said that at the end of the war
the
exciter stages were destroyed by the Germans, later the Russians rushed
in,
dismantled the station and put the transmitter into acitivity again in
the
Soviet Union employing russian tubes. Nothing could be said in this
book
about the condition of the ground system.
HW?
73 Ha-Jo, DJ1ZB
"captbrian" <[email protected]> schrieb:
> Quick ! , - Is it still there ? ;-))
>
> Bryan - G3GVB
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Dick Rollema <[email protected]>
> To: LF-Group <[email protected]>
> Date: 24 July 2003 14:54
> Subject: LF: FS formula
>
>
> To All from PA0SE
>
> William Oorschot, PA0WFO, has sent me a copy of a three part article
by
> Karl H. Hille, DL1VU, in the German 2002 magazine FUNK: "Die
Bergantenne
am
> Herzogstand - Vor 75 Jahren eine technische Grosstat" (The
mountain
antenna
> at the Herzogstand - For 75 years a technical amazing feat).
This
concerns
> the following.
>
> The large VLF stations at Nauen and Eilvese in Germany that were on
the
air
> around 1920 were built by Telefunken. The German firm Carl Lorenz AG
would
> like to supply VLF stations as well but were unable to do so. They
could
> supply arc-transmitters of sufficient power but not the enormous
antenna
> masts they had to offer with the transmitters in order to compete
with
> Telefunken. Steel masts were unacceptably expensive around 1920 due
to the
> unbelievable strong inflation that started at the same time Lorenz
began
> planning the station. So they looked for an alternative. There was
an
> example. For the VLF link between the Netherlands and the
Netherlands East
> Indies (now Indonesia) a large arc-transmitter hand been constructed
at
> Malabar on the island Java. The antenna hung over a valley between
two
> mountains, obviating the use of high masts.
> Lorenz decided to do the same. They strung an antenna between two
mountain
> tops in the South of Germany, the mountains were the Herzogstand at
1735m
> and the Stein at 940m. The horizontal distance between the mountain
tops
> was 2700m. About one third from the low end of the sloping
wire an
> insulator was inserted and a vertical wire connected the part to
the
> Herzogstand to the transmitter in the valley. So an L-antenna
resulted,
fed
> against an extensive earth system, using multiple electrodes in
marsh land
> around the station.. The efficiency of this configuration was found
to be
> higher than for a T-antenna, in which the whole sloping wire between
the
> mountain tops was used.
> Using a 500W valve transmitter strength measurements were performed
over
> the whole of Germany and the efficiency of the antenna system was
found to
> be comparable to the one of Nauen, that consisted of two 250m masts,
seven
> 210m masts, two 180m masts and four200m masts.
> In 1926 the station was ready but it did not become operational as
by that
> time it had been found that on short waves a few kilowatt and
a small
> antenna could provide long distance communication equal to or even
better
> than on VLF.
> The reason I mention all this that the article contains an
interesting
> formula for field strength at the surface of the earth around
a vertical
> antenna. The formula comes from a 1926 publication by M.
Bäumler.
> (also as attachment).
> Field Strength.jpg
> E = field strength in V/m
> I = current in the current maximum of the antenna.
> hw = effective height in m.
> lambda = wave length in m.
> d = distance in m.
> j = operator for 90 degrees phase shift.
>
> The first part gives the far field; the second part the electric
component
> of the near field. The far field diminishes with 1/d, the near field
with
> 1/d squared. At 2 wavelength distance the near field is 8% of the
far
> field, at 4 wavelength 4% and at 16 wavelength 1% of the far
field.
> It is clear that the formula is only correct over perfect earth. But
at
the
> distances where field strength measurements are usually performed,
and
> certainly at VLF, the influence of the real earth on the field
strength is
> negligible.
> The term effective height is now mostly used in connection with
antennas
> for reception.
>
> Now an example:
> A vertical antenna of 20m at 136kHz has an effective height of 10m
and a
> radiation resistance of 0.028 ohm.
> To radiate 1kW the current must be 189A. The wavelength is 2205m.
Entering
> these figures into the formula we find the far field at 1km distance
to be
> 0.323V/m, which compares well with the 300mV/m that is given by the
CCIR
> curves for ground wave propagation.
>
> 73, Dick, PA0SE
> JN22GD
>
>
>
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