Clemens, As Markus says the noise at VLF is around 140dB kTo, so one could 'afford' an antenna loss of 102dB to have a 10dB SNR margin with a NF of 28dB. That's an antenna efficiency of 0,00000001585
Jim Sensitivity of the Perseus drops off below 10 kHz - see attached spectrum shot taken earlier this year. While the antenna in use at that time dropped off a few dB below 10 kHz the 'black hole' is