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From: "Laurence KL1X" <hellozerohellozero@hotmail.com>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org,  lowfer@lwca.org
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Subject: LF: receivers frg100 - another one to add to the list
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After about a months testing here Im very happy with the frg100 - well on LF 
137Khz anyway. Its pretty hot sensitivity  and stability wise and doesnt 
seem fazed with high temps or local bcast stations. Certainly equal or 
better than the ts850sat in that area.

Im not using the txco and temps in the KL1x have been anything from 45F to 
100F, as our air conditioning failed for about a week. I didnt see much 
change in freq stability, certainly useable at dot 60. The noise blanker is 
OK, but nothing beats the ts870 on that score. The only mods I would like to 
do is to be able to turn off the AGC, and extend the frequency range below 
130Khz. If anyone has the extended rx mod Id like to hear from you. Ill get 
into the agc mod this week sometime.

The above offered in case one comes begging. It will be my receiver of 
choice for Fiji and HF TX for X band will be a 706MK1.

Laurence KL1X
http://myweb.cableone.net/flow

_________________________________________________________________
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From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Dick" <knaap159@zonnet.nl>
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Subject: LF: G0MRF-TX finally a big sucses!!
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Hello,

You'll all remember the problems I had to get this "thing" running.

I did do some modifications as described by Jim, M0BMU:

-I took out C23, 470nF
-Inductor L4 (was 11 turns on a T94-2 core) changed to
 about 28turns 1.25mm wire on a T106-26 core.
 This is a white-yellow core often found in computer powersupplies.
-C22 and C24 (was 10nF each) were replaced by a serie combination of
  an 4700pF C and 5 Ohm/10 Watt resistor (2 x 10 Ohm/5W in parallel)

The output transformer is 8 turns 1.5mm wire bifilair as primairy coil, and
the
secundary ouput coil is wound over it consisting of 25 turns 1mm wire, from
which
5 turns are actually not on top of the primairy.......
I didn't write down the exact value of the coil but it was somewhere in the
400-500uH region.


TEST RESULTS  on 50 Volt......

FET: 2 times IRFP260N

Voltage measured after the current measure resistors (so at the point
L4/C25-26)
was 50.1Volt at key down.
Measured draincurrent: 11.6A
DC-input: 580 Watt.

Measured output: 560Watt at 50 Ohm!

Efficiency: 96 procent!!

The only things that gets hot are the current measurement
resistors...........
Also some heat created in the 4700pF/5 Ohm circuit.

and off course my 500Watt dummyload, which doesn't like so much
power........

Meanwhile I put a fan on the current resistors (R25, R26) to keep them
cool.........

I also found another error in the schematic diagram: R11 and R34 (was 12k)
changed to
560Ohm-820Ohm.


Once again thanks to all who helped me with usefull information.
Next step will be working on loading coils and so on, while testing the
transmitter
on long duration transmissions. Need to put some extra cooling on my already
forced air cooled dummy load..........

73, Dick, pa4vhf




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: Alex Deligiannis <sv8qg@otenet.gr>
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Press and hold AM and SSB keys then Power ON. If you lave early version will go
down to 30Khz, mine S/N 3k0306xx begins from 50 Khz
73 Alex

Laurence KL1X wrote:

> After about a months testing here Im very happy with the frg100 - well on LF
> 137Khz anyway. Its pretty hot sensitivity  and stability wise and doesnt
> seem fazed with high temps or local bcast stations. Certainly equal or
> better than the ts850sat in that area.
>
> Im not using the txco and temps in the KL1x have been anything from 45F to
> 100F, as our air conditioning failed for about a week. I didnt see much
> change in freq stability, certainly useable at dot 60. The noise blanker is
> OK, but nothing beats the ts870 on that score. The only mods I would like to
> do is to be able to turn off the AGC, and extend the frequency range below
> 130Khz. If anyone has the extended rx mod Id like to hear from you. Ill get
> into the agc mod this week sometime.
>
> The above offered in case one comes begging. It will be my receiver of
> choice for Fiji and HF TX for X band will be a 706MK1.
>
> Laurence KL1X
> http://myweb.cableone.net/flow
>
> _________________________________________________________________
> FREE pop-up blocking with the new MSN Toolbar ? get it now!
> http://toolbar.msn.click-url.com/go/onm00200415ave/direct/01/




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Thanks Alex -. On mine I had to press the FM and SSB keys and can go down to 
50Khz. Sensitivity down there is fine too.

vy 73


>From: Alex Deligiannis <sv8qg@otenet.gr>
>Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
>To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
>Subject: Re: LF: receivers frg100 - another one to add to the list
>Date: Wed, 02 Jun 2004 07:22:22 +0300
>
>Press and hold AM and SSB keys then Power ON. If you lave early version 
>will go
>down to 30Khz, mine S/N 3k0306xx begins from 50 Khz
>73 Alex
>
>

_________________________________________________________________
Check out the coupons and bargains on MSN Offers! http://youroffers.msn.com



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD>
<META http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=US-ASCII">
<META content="MSHTML 6.00.2800.1106" name=GENERATOR></HEAD>
<BODY id=role_body style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial" 
bottomMargin=7 leftMargin=7 topMargin=7 rightMargin=7><FONT id=role_document 
face=Arial color=#000000 size=2>
<DIV>
<DIV>In a message dated 01/06/2004 20:38:40 Central Europe Standard Time, 
knaap159@zonnet.nl writes:</DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE 
style="PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: blue 2px solid"><FONT 
  style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" face=Arial color=#000000 size=2>I also 
  found another error in the schematic diagram: R11 and R34 (was 12k)<BR>changed 
  to<BR>560Ohm-820Ohm.<BR></FONT></BLOCKQUOTE></DIV>
<DIV></DIV>
<DIV>This is not an error. The correct value is 12k</DIV></FONT></BODY></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Dave Pick" <dave@picks.force9.co.uk>
To: "LF Group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Date: Thu, 3 Jun 2004 09:33:30 +0100
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Dear all.

It's time to put the Radcom LF column together and, to be frank, things are
a bit quiet.
I'd like to feature some news from the "part 5" guys, who's on? what's been
achieved? etc.
Also any local news from around the world that I may have missed out on.
Pictures are welcome too, and short technical items would be nice. 
All by the middle of next week. I don't ask for much do I? ;-)

Thanks in advance!

Dave G3YXM

E-mail g3yxm@wireless.org.uk






From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Alan Melia" <Alan.Melia@btinternet.com>
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Date: Thu, 3 Jun 2004 11:10:45 +0100
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Subject: LF: W & G  SPM / PS-12 combo on ebay
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Hi all for anyone looking for these large but nice pieces of kit there is a
set on eBay UK at present page URL below. Bear in mind they are heavy so the
carriage charges will be substantial. The SPM does not have the optional
demodulator but it does have the 25Hz option and the synchroniser....No it
not mine !! I'm not parting with those.

http://cgi.ebay.co.uk/ws/eBayISAPI.dll?ViewItem&item=3819183882

Cheers de Alan G3NYK
alan.melia@btinternet.com





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To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org, "Speleonics" <speleonics@altadena.net>
Cc: "Rob Gill" <rob@robgill.org>
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Please note that the documentation at www.heyphone.org has been updated to
correct some inconsistencies. If you feel something is missing, or you
notice any mistakes or anything is not clear, please let Rob Gill
<rob@robgill.org> and me know.

Many thanks.

Regards,
John Rabson
Commissioning Editor
Cave Radio and Electronics Group Journal
British Cave Research Association
Tel: +44 (0)1394 460 298
Fax: +44 (0)1394 420 795



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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<html>
<body>
To All from PA0SE<br><br>
At
<a href="http://www.circuitmaker.com/" eudora="autourl">www.circuitmaker.com/</a>
you find a computer program for designing and analysing electronic circuits.<br>
There is a free&nbsp; Student Version, reviewed in <i>QST </i>of June by KJ4UC.<br><br>
73, Dick, PA0SE</body>
</html>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD>
<META http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=US-ASCII">
<META content="MSHTML 6.00.2800.1400" name=GENERATOR></HEAD>
<BODY id=role_body style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: Arial" 
bottomMargin=7 leftMargin=7 topMargin=7 rightMargin=7><FONT id=role_document 
face=Arial color=#000000 size=2>
<DIV>Thanks Dick</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>73 de Pat g4gvw</DIV></FONT></BODY></HTML>

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From: "Alan Melia" <Alan.Melia@btinternet.com>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
References: <6.1.0.6.2.20040604170502.009f8490@POP3.freeler.nl>
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Hi Dick, for those who dont mind old fashioned keyboard entry in a net-list.
There is a free program (sort of home grown) on my web site (ACN.EXE) which
is about 20 years old now but still works well. It has quite good
explanetory help facility and is downloaded from the "Useful Software ??"
page on my site. This does work in a DOS window in 95 and 98, but I havent
tried it in anything higher (I am too mean !!) no fancy graphics other than
the plots and use the ALT+PrntScr for capturing the plots. I models coaxial
stubs as well as other components. It will run happily on an old 386 if you
want.....it was written in the XT days.
www.alan.melia.btinternet.com/programs.htm

I couldnt resist the opportunity for a "commercial break " !!

Cheers de Alan G3NYK
alan.melia@btinternet.com



----- Original Message -----
From: "Dick Rollema" <d.w.rollema@freeler.nl>
To: "LF-Group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: 04 June 2004 16:08
Subject: LF: Circuitmaker Student Version


> To All from PA0SE
>
> At www.circuitmaker.com/ you find a computer program for designing and
> analysing electronic circuits.
> There is a free  Student Version, reviewed in QST of June by KJ4UC.
>
> 73, Dick, PA0SE



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James Moritz schrieb:
>
> > Hi Jim,
> >
> > your PSK signs are audible in jo43sv. but qrn makes them almost
> unreadable.
> > see attachment.
> >
> > btw. what type of transmitter do you use for the PSK mode?
> >
> > Uwe/dj8wx
> Dear Uwe, LF Group,
>
> Thanks for the report - I transmitted CW/QRSS3 from 1900 - 2100 and 2200 -
> 2300, and PSK31 from 2100 - 2200. As you observed, the drawback of PSK31 on
> LF is that every QRN impulse gives you a 50-50 chance of corrupting a bit,
> and so losing the character. A mode using error correction works better -
> like VE2IQ's "Coherent" program for example.
>
> The TX in use here is the usual class D Decca PA - to get a clean signal, I
> use an "envelope elimination and restoration" scheme, where the 136kHz drive
> to the PA is phase modulated, and amplitude modulation is applied to the DC
> feed to the PA. The phase keying signal is generated by the "Digimode
> terminal" in DL4YHF's Spectrum Lab software, and the envelope waveform is
> generated from the phase signal by external hardware.
>
> Cheers, Jim Moritz
>
> 73 de M0BMU


Dear Jim,

I got some questions conc your TX. did you receive my direct mail dated 25th of 
May ?

regards
Uwe/dj8wx



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Alan Melia schrieb:
> Hi Dick, for those who dont mind old fashioned keyboard entry in a net-list.
> There is a free program (sort of home grown) on my web site (ACN.EXE) which
> is about 20 years old now but still works well. It has quite good
> explanetory help facility and is downloaded from the "Useful Software ??"
> page on my site. This does work in a DOS window in 95 and 98, but I havent
> tried it in anything higher (I am too mean !!) no fancy graphics other than
> the plots and use the ALT+PrntScr for capturing the plots. I models coaxial
> stubs as well as other components. It will run happily on an old 386 if you
> want.....it was written in the XT days.
> www.alan.melia.btinternet.com/programs.htm
>
> I couldnt resist the opportunity for a "commercial break " !!
>
> Cheers de Alan G3NYK
> alan.melia@btinternet.com
>

Hi Alan,

"www.alan.melia.btinternet.com" is unknown in the net, sri.

regards
Uwe/dj8wx



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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whoops sorry Uwe finger trouble...it should be .co.uk instead of .com
www.alan.melia.btinternet.co.uk/programs.htm
Old age races on a pace....and I keep getting told I'm only a youngster !!

Cheers de Alan

----- Original Message -----
From: "jannsen" <0482183881-0001@t-online.de>
To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: 04 June 2004 21:14
Subject: Re: LF: Re: Circuitmaker Student Version


> Alan Melia schrieb:
> > Hi Dick, for those who dont mind old fashioned keyboard entry in a
net-list.
> > There is a free program (sort of home grown) on my web site (ACN.EXE)
which
> > is about 20 years old now but still works well. It has quite good
> > explanetory help facility and is downloaded from the "Useful Software
??"
> > page on my site. This does work in a DOS window in 95 and 98, but I
havent
> > tried it in anything higher (I am too mean !!) no fancy graphics other
than
> > the plots and use the ALT+PrntScr for capturing the plots. I models
coaxial
> > stubs as well as other components. It will run happily on an old 386 if
you
> > want.....it was written in the XT days.
> > www.alan.melia.btinternet.com/programs.htm
> >
> > I couldnt resist the opportunity for a "commercial break " !!
> >
> > Cheers de Alan G3NYK
> > alan.melia@btinternet.com
> >
>
> Hi Alan,
>
> "www.alan.melia.btinternet.com" is unknown in the net, sri.
>
> regards
> Uwe/dj8wx
>



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Alan Melia" <Alan.Melia@btinternet.com>
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Hi all, although there is not a lot of activity at the moment I though there
might be some interest in conditions approaching the time of Laurence's
jaunt to the Pacific.

Geomagnetic activity is low and the Kp index has been "quiet" for several
days now. The Dst index is moving back into positive values which should
suggest low night-time absorption. (maybe good 80m and Top-Band conditions
as well !!). The real-time plot of DCF39 from Steve W3EEE looks rather
unauspicious, but remember that, at this time of the year, there is almost
no darkness on the path, just about an hour of "twilight". If conditions
continue in this way the ionosphere will be in about its most helpfull state
for Laurenece's tests. Of course this needs to be balanced against the much
higher static levels at this time of year (at least in the Northern
Hemisphere)

On daytime propagation the picture may not be so good. The background X-ray
flux has fallen to A-Class and with little geomagnetic activity the daytime
skywave may not be so good. Thus expect poorer signals from distances in
excess of about 600 to 1000kms in daylight.

For those in Europe who want to know where the lightning storms are
concentrated I can recommend
http://129.13.102.67/pics/Rsfloc.gif
Brian and I have consulted this site regularly for a year or so now. It can
also be useful to give an early warning for those with big wires up, to help
protect your receiver front ends!!.

Good journey Laurence, and dont go around tripping over the wild-life !!

Cheers de Alan G3NYK
alan.melia@btinternet.com






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Hello all,

> For those in Europe who want to know where the lightning 
> storms are concentrated I can recommend
> http://129.13.102.67/pics/Rsfloc.gif
> Brian and I have consulted this site regularly for a year or 
> so now. It can also be useful to give an early warning for 
> those with big wires up, to help protect your receiver front 
> ends!!.

If you're interested, a more detailed look at storms in Poland:

http://www.imgw.pl/wl/internet/burza/burza.html

It is always fun to refresh the page and see local lightnings to 
appear on the map within a few seconds :) The map legend should 
be obvious, the only thing that might need translating are the (-
) and (+) sign, which mean whether the lightning voltage is 
cloud-earth negative or positive (the latter said to be more 
dangerous).

Recently, there is a little problem with the map: cities are ca. 
30km south-west from the proper position.

73! Marek SQ5BPM

----------------------------------------------------
W czerwcowym "Zwierciadle": 
DVD z komedia Emira Kusturicy "Czarny kot, bialy kot", 
rozmowa Eichelbergera i Jastruna z Paulem Coelho o prostytucji.
http://klik.wp.pl/?adr=www.zwierciadlo.pl&sid=191




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From: "Manuel Santos Greve" <msantos@yo-one.com>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Date: Sun, 6 Jun 2004 13:07:20 +0200
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Subject: LF: From MADRID-EA4BVZ
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Dear Friends:

	Tomorrow, Monday, between 20h and 24h (GMT) I will tray to make an emission
(EA4BVZ........).

	From 20h to 20.02 h in 20 ppm
	From 20.02 h to 20.10 h in Dot 3		and
	From 20.10 h to 24 h in Dot 30

	Power out put aprox. 50 W
	Frecuency:	 137.252 Hz

	Thank's for reports.

	EA4BVZ
	Manuel Santos-Greve



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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References: <DC9AE469E761D611BD420002A5EC855C7726F7@cerberus.herts.ac.uk> <1BRHm7-0fUSWm0@fwd01.sul.t-online.com> <000b01c43fdb$02f64c20$b4a27ad5@rogersservices> <1BWKnJ-2BxJCq0@fwd08.sul.t-online.com>
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Dear Uwe,

Sorry, nil seen here - this British Telecom account seems quite good at
rejecting spam, but occasionaly it rejects wanted messages also! please try
again - perhaps with a different subject line.

I am working on an updated version of the TX PSK modulator to go with the
G0MRF TX board that was discussed recently, so I hope to be putting a little
article together soon, which no doubt will appear on somebody's web pages
when I get around to finishing it.

Cheers, Jim Moritz
73 de M0BMU

>
> Dear Jim,
>
> I got some questions conc your TX. did you receive my direct mail dated
25th of
> May ?
>
> regards
> Uwe/dj8wx
>
>



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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James Moritz schrieb:
> Dear Uwe,
>
> Sorry, nil seen here - this British Telecom account seems quite good at
> rejecting spam, but occasionaly it rejects wanted messages also! please try
> again - perhaps with a different subject line.
>
> I am working on an updated version of the TX PSK modulator to go with the
> G0MRF TX board that was discussed recently, so I hope to be putting a little
> article together soon, which no doubt will appear on somebody's web pages
> when I get around to finishing it.
>
> Cheers, Jim Moritz
> 73 de M0BMU
>
Dear Jim, 
exactly that is it I wonted to know. I yearn for your article.

Cheers
Uwe/dj8wx



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Subject: LF: Xtal osc "delta emitter" tuning
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD>
<META http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
<META content="MSHTML 6.00.2800.1400" name=GENERATOR>
<STYLE></STYLE>
</HEAD>
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<DIV>Hi all,</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>I've been experimenting with high stability crystal oscillators for methods 
of fine tuning by external electronic means.&nbsp; Varicap diodes are nonlinear 
for voltage and temperature, so I was wanting to use some other way.&nbsp; 
Crystal oscillators usually have coarse adjustment&nbsp;with an NPO trimmer 
capacitor, so fine tuning would be acceptable even if it was less than 1 ppm in 
adjustment range (sufficient to correct for ageing over a fairly long 
period).</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>What I came up with is variation of emitter load resistance in a Colpitts 
crystal oscillator.&nbsp; 20% or so of change in emitter resistance gives smooth 
control of fractional ppm change in oscillator frequency.&nbsp; I have been 
using a fixed resistor to the emitter that is ten times the installed emitter 
resistor, and then a pot (rheostat) to ground also of ten times the emitter 
resistor.&nbsp; This arrangement&nbsp;gave 0.4 ppm range for fine tuning with 
the home brew 10 MHz oven oscillator being tested.&nbsp; There are&nbsp;minor 
effects with&nbsp;thermal equilibrium when emitter current changes, so if a 
precise setting is needed then more than one&nbsp;tweaks is needed, but it is 
still quite a convenient way of carrying out fine tuning with a panel mounted 
control.&nbsp; The lead can be bypassed at the oscillator so the control&nbsp;is 
"cold" at RF.&nbsp; Also the control&nbsp;can be a floating&nbsp;with earth 
return to the oscillator circuit to minimise a ground loop influencing the 
oscillator.&nbsp; Probably a wirewound&nbsp;is the best choice&nbsp;for the type 
of pot.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Some types of oven crystal oscillators on the surplus market do not cater 
for fine tuning by electronic means (only have screwdriver&nbsp;access to a 
trimmer capacitor).&nbsp; If the oscillator housing can be opened up is is 
fairly easy to implement a "delta emitter"&nbsp;wire for fine 
tuning.&nbsp;&nbsp;Sometimes it is frustrating to adjust the capacitor as the 
only means of making a precise setting, as there is inevitable backlash effects, 
whereas the "delta emitter" method gives smooth fractional ppm 
adjustment&nbsp;(with due regard for temporary thermal equilibrium).&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>73, Bob ZL2CA&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV></BODY></HTML>

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Thread-Topic: Grimeton Radio transmission 2004-07-04
Thread-Index: AcRMf78WFZMA2qbJSzOc2+GUaU7dDwAAAWSA
From: jan-martin.noding@telenor.com
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Haven't seen any posting in this matter, so I add this....

-----Original Message-----
From: Jan Martin Nöding [mailto:la8ak@online.no]
----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Lars Kålland" <sm6nm@telia.com>

To:
The SAQ-group
From:
Lars Kalland/SM6NM


THE ALEXANDERSON TRANSMISSION IN 2004

Also this year there will be a transmission with the Alexanderson alternator
on VLF 17,2 kHz, now on Sunday 4th July at:

08:30 UTC
10:30 UTC
12:30 UTC


The UNESCO Committee will have a meeting in Beijing, China in the last week
of June, and will then decide whether Grimeton Radio will be included in The
World Heritage List, or not. So the message sent on Sunday July 4th will
include information about the result. We keep our fingers crossed!

The Radio Station will be open to visitors 10:00-16:00 Swedish time.

The number of visitors has increased noticeably during the last years, from
300 to 500 and last year to almost 800. The weather has been extremely good,
so far.

We have had some problems with the keying of the transmitter last years and
hope it will be better now. "Dots" has been missing quite often (not the
operators fault!!).


The amateurs will operate a transmitter with the call "SA6Q" on 20 meter
band during the day:

14.035 MHz CW

14.215 MHz SSB


QSL for both "SAQ" and "SA6Q" via:

E-mail: info@alexander.n.se

Fax: +46-340-674195

Mail: Alexander - Grimeton Veteranradios Vaenner, 
Radiostationen, Grimeton 72,
SE-430 16 ROLFSTORP, SWEDEN  or via SM-bureau.


For further info see our web site: www.alexander.n.se



Regards

SM6NM/Lars








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Asunto: From MADRID-EA4BVZ


Dear Friends:

	Today, Monday, between 20h and 24h (UTC, GMT) I will tray to make an
emission (EA4BVZ........).

	From 20h to 20.02 h in 20 ppm
	From 20.02 h to 20.10 h in Dot 3		and
	From 20.10 h to 24 h in Dot 30

	Power out put aprox. 50 W
	Frecuency:	 137.252 Hz

	Thank's for reports.

	EA4BVZ
	Manuel Santos-Greve



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "James Moritz" <J.R.Moritz@herts.ac.uk>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
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Dear Manuel,

I will look out for your signal...

Cheers, Jim Moritz
73 de M0BMU

>Asunto: From MADRID-EA4BVZ


>Dear Friends:

>	Today, Monday, between 20h and 24h (UTC, GMT) I will tray to make an
>emission (EA4BVZ........).




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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¡¡¡Big disaster!!!

	Antena Kapput.  The next time, (in July) will be better.

	I prapare a report about the troubles. I'm expert... (in troubles).

	Manuel Santos
	EA4BVZ



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
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Thank You James Moritz, till next time.

MANUEL


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That was quick!

Hope you get the problem fixed soon Manuel,

Cheers, Jim Moritz
73 de M0BMU

----- Original Message -----
From: Manuel Santos Greve <msantos@yo-one.com>
To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: Monday, June 07, 2004 9:00 PM
Subject: LF: RE: RE: RV: From MADRID-EA4BVZ


> ¡¡¡Big disaster!!!
>
> Antena Kapput.  The next time, (in July) will be better.
>
> I prapare a report about the troubles. I'm expert... (in troubles).
>
> Manuel Santos
> EA4BVZ
>



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Nothing detected here near Paris, Manuel

73 de Jean-Louis F6AGR
QRA loc.: JN18DQ

> -----Message d'origine-----
> De : owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
> [mailto:owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org]De la part de Manuel Santos
> Greve
> Envoyé : lundi 7 juin 2004 18:09
> À : rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
> Objet : LF: RV: From MADRID-EA4BVZ
>
>
>
>
>
> Asunto: From MADRID-EA4BVZ
>
>
> Dear Friends:
>
> 	Today, Monday, between 20h and 24h (UTC, GMT) I will tray to make an
> emission (EA4BVZ........).
>
> 	From 20h to 20.02 h in 20 ppm
> 	From 20.02 h to 20.10 h in Dot 3		and
> 	From 20.10 h to 24 h in Dot 30
>
> 	Power out put aprox. 50 W
> 	Frecuency:	 137.252 Hz
>
> 	Thank's for reports.
>
> 	EA4BVZ
> 	Manuel Santos-Greve
>
>



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----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Manuel Santos Greve" <msantos@yo-one.com>
To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: Monday, June 07, 2004 10:00 PM
Subject: LF: RE: RE: RV: From MADRID-EA4BVZ


> ¡¡¡Big disaster!!!
>
> Antena Kapput.  The next time, (in July) will be better.
>
> I prapare a report about the troubles. I'm expert... (in troubles).
>
> Manuel Santos
> EA4BVZ
>
Thanks for info, let's have another try in July.
gl es 73 de Peter, DJ9DW.

>





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Hello Manuel,

just wanted to tell you that I saw nothing last night in spite of rather 
low noise level when I found your mail - sorry to hear about the 
problems with your antenna. Good luck for the next tests - everyone on 
lf has a lot of experiences like that  ;-)

Vy 73 es cuagn
Tom, DK1IS
JN59WK; see
www.qrz.com


Manuel Santos Greve schrieb:

>¡¡¡Big disaster!!!
>
>	Antena Kapput.  The next time, (in July) will be better.
>
>	I prapare a report about the troubles. I'm expert... (in troubles).
>
>	Manuel Santos
>	EA4BVZ
>
>
>
>  
>



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<html>
<body>
<font size=3>To All from PA0SE<br><br>
The following subject may have been discussed on the reflector before but
I can't remember it.<br><br>
Class D and E final amplifiers have high efficiency because they produce
square waves.&nbsp; When the voltage between source and&nbsp; drain of
the FETs is high, current is zero; when current flows voltage is almost
zero.<br>
But what happens if the transmitter is followed by a low pass filter with
a shunt capacitor at the input, as is often the case?<br>
Every cycle the charge in the capacitor must be reversed and with a
current of finite value that takes some time. During that time current
flows in the conducting transistor whilst voltage over it is not small.
So one can expect dissipation in the transistor to increase and
efficiency to decrease.&nbsp; <br><br>
Looking at it in the frequency domain one could say that the shunt
capacitor causes the square wave to start becoming a sine wave.<br><br>
If the current into or out of the capacitor is so high that charge
reversal takes negligible time, so the square wave is preserved, then
output resistance of the transmitter is obviously so small it almost puts
a short circuit over the capacitor. In that case the capacitor does
nearly nothing and could just as well be deleted...&nbsp; <br><br>
The problem does not arise when the LP-filter starts with a series
inductor. The sudden cut-off of current would result in&nbsp; a very high
kick-back voltage at the drain of a single-ended amplifier, almost
certain killing the transistor.<br>
But in a push pull&nbsp; amplifier this is prevented by the other
transistor that starts to conduct at the same moment.<br>
Provided of course coupling between the two halves of the primary winding
is very tight.<br><br>
So it seems to me that class D and E amplifiers should preferably be
followed by a low pass filter with a series inductor at the transmitter
side. <br>
&nbsp;<br>
Please correct me if my conclusion is not valid.<br><br>
An interesting question is whether a low pass filter is really necessary
when the transmitter feeds the aerial via a series tuning coil.<br>
Harry Grimbergen, PA0LQ, has given this some thought and he says the
following (my translation).<br>
Quote: <br>
Not unusual is an aerial capacitance of about 300 pF and a total loss
resistance in coil, aerial and earth of some 40 ohms&nbsp; At 136 kHz
this results in a Q of about 100 for the aerial system. At the third
harmonic&nbsp; this produces an extra attenuation of about 280 times, or
49 dB.&nbsp; The third harmonic of a square wave is 9.5 dB weaker than
the basic frequency. On the other hand radiation resistance increases
with frequency squared; 9 dB for d3. <br>
Nevertheless harmonics will be suppressed almost 50 dB. <br><br>
About 16% of the power in a square wave is in the harmonics and this
power is reflected back into the final amplifier.<br>
But it is not converted into heat. The DC input is decreased by this 16%
as compared to the situation where the amplifier is loaded by a resistive
load of 40 ohms for the above case.&nbsp; I have been able to show this
also using simulation by MICROCAP. <br>
Unquote.<br><br>
A problem in&nbsp; The Netherlands would be that the radio inspector does
not measure harmonics as field strength but as power in the output of the
transmitter (or LP-filter, when present). So selectivity of the aerial
system does not help.<br><br>
Any comments will be very welcome.<br><br>
73, Dick, PA0SE<br><br>
&nbsp;<br>
</font></body>
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<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Dick PA0SE and others,</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>An interesting contribution.&nbsp; My pushpull 
bipolar QRO PA can run to near squarewave performance, and I have successfully 
used an inductor input low pass filter for many years.&nbsp; The low pass filter 
uses three large potcore inductors and HV polystyrene capacitors.&nbsp; Texts on 
Class D and E do mention resonant circuits, and most of the commercial 
applications are in narrow bands, so tuning is a reasonable way to implement 
Class D/E for those users.&nbsp; At LF I believe&nbsp;a hard driven final can 
simply be followed by a low pass filter and still deliver very high efficiency 
(certainly a lot better than Class C).&nbsp; In New Zealand our band is about to 
be expanded to become 130 - 190 kHz, which is a relatively wide band, and not 
worth having tuning that needs revisiting for significant frequency 
change.&nbsp; A broadband PA with a selection in low pass filtering is my 
preference.&nbsp; For use only in the 136 kHz band, only one low pass filter is 
needed.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>My preference for an inductor input filter came 
from reading (I hope my recollection is right) a Motorola article on stability 
of HF solid state power amplifiers, and the preference was for an inductor input 
filter.&nbsp; I merely scaled the filter values to LF and found they worked 
well.&nbsp; Possibly the instability bogey is not applicable to LF but I was 
aware that inrush current would be different if a capacitor input filter was 
used.&nbsp; However, there are polystyrene capacitors from collector to ground 
so on the PA side of the output transformer there are "shunt capacitors" and 
these certainly reduce the "high frequency nurgles" as seen on a scope 
probe.&nbsp; </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>I have not tried "snubber" series RC networks but I 
have seen commerial high power switchmode inverters that use that, and the 
resistors are surface mount with good power rating.&nbsp; Some of that 16% 
"harmonic power" gets absorbed in the interests of controlling spike 
limits.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Power devices (bipolar of MOSFET) can have slower 
turn-off than turn-on, and I suspect this has a large impact on transients in a 
pushpull power amplifier.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Regarding suppression of harmonics, and potential 
radiation, the efficiency of amateur (electrically small) 
antennas</FONT>&nbsp;<FONT face=Arial size=2>rises significantly (more than 
linear) with increasing frequency.&nbsp; So merely&nbsp;a loading coil or "net 
antenna Q" is only part of the consideration of radiation of harmonics.&nbsp; 
The insertion loss of a low pass filter can be kept fairly low and I think it is 
best to include it in a transmitter design, especially a hard driven 
"squarewave" machine.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>73, Bob ZL2CA</FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE 
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
  <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message ----- </DIV>
  <DIV 
  style="BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; FONT: 10pt arial; font-color: black"><B>From:</B> 
  <A title=d.w.rollema@freeler.nl href="mailto:d.w.rollema@freeler.nl">Dick 
  Rollema</A> </DIV>
  <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B> <A title=rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org 
  href="mailto:rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org">LF-Group</A> </DIV>
  <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B> Tuesday, June 08, 2004 8:06 
PM</DIV>
  <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B> LF: Effect of LP-filter om 
  efficiency </DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT><FONT 
  face=Arial size=2></FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT><FONT face=Arial 
  size=2></FONT><BR></DIV><FONT size=3>To All from PA0SE<BR><BR>The following 
  subject may have been discussed on the reflector before but I can't remember 
  it.<BR><BR>Class D and E final amplifiers have high efficiency because they 
  produce square waves.&nbsp; When the voltage between source and&nbsp; drain of 
  the FETs is high, current is zero; when current flows voltage is almost 
  zero.<BR>But what happens if the transmitter is followed by a low pass filter 
  with a shunt capacitor at the input, as is often the case?<BR>Every cycle the 
  charge in the capacitor must be reversed and with a current of finite value 
  that takes some time. During that time current flows in the conducting 
  transistor whilst voltage over it is not small. So one can expect dissipation 
  in the transistor to increase and efficiency to decrease.&nbsp; 
  <BR><BR>Looking at it in the frequency domain one could say that the shunt 
  capacitor causes the square wave to start becoming a sine wave.<BR><BR>If the 
  current into or out of the capacitor is so high that charge reversal takes 
  negligible time, so the square wave is preserved, then output resistance of 
  the transmitter is obviously so small it almost puts a short circuit over the 
  capacitor. In that case the capacitor does nearly nothing and could just as 
  well be deleted...&nbsp; <BR><BR>The problem does not arise when the LP-filter 
  starts with a series inductor. The sudden cut-off of current would result 
  in&nbsp; a very high kick-back voltage at the drain of a single-ended 
  amplifier, almost certain killing the transistor.<BR>But in a push pull&nbsp; 
  amplifier this is prevented by the other transistor that starts to conduct at 
  the same moment.<BR>Provided of course coupling between the two halves of the 
  primary winding is very tight.<BR><BR>So it seems to me that class D and E 
  amplifiers should preferably be followed by a low pass filter with a series 
  inductor at the transmitter side. <BR>&nbsp;<BR>Please correct me if my 
  conclusion is not valid.<BR><BR>An interesting question is whether a low pass 
  filter is really necessary when the transmitter feeds the aerial via a series 
  tuning coil.<BR>Harry Grimbergen, PA0LQ, has given this some thought and he 
  says the following (my translation).<BR>Quote: <BR>Not unusual is an aerial 
  capacitance of about 300 pF and a total loss resistance in coil, aerial and 
  earth of some 40 ohms&nbsp; At 136 kHz this results in a Q of about 100 for 
  the aerial system. At the third harmonic&nbsp; this produces an extra 
  attenuation of about 280 times, or 49 dB.&nbsp; The third harmonic of a square 
  wave is 9.5 dB weaker than the basic frequency. On the other hand radiation 
  resistance increases with frequency squared; 9 dB for d3. <BR>Nevertheless 
  harmonics will be suppressed almost 50 dB. <BR><BR>About 16% of the power in a 
  square wave is in the harmonics and this power is reflected back into the 
  final amplifier.<BR>But it is not converted into heat. The DC input is 
  decreased by this 16% as compared to the situation where the amplifier is 
  loaded by a resistive load of 40 ohms for the above case.&nbsp; I have been 
  able to show this also using simulation by MICROCAP. <BR>Unquote.<BR><BR>A 
  problem in&nbsp; The Netherlands would be that the radio inspector does not 
  measure harmonics as field strength but as power in the output of the 
  transmitter (or LP-filter, when present). So selectivity of the aerial system 
  does not help.<BR><BR>Any comments will be very welcome.<BR><BR>73, Dick, 
  PA0SE<BR><BR>&nbsp;<BR></BLOCKQUOTE></FONT></BODY></HTML>

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face=Arial color=#000000 size=2>
<DIV>
<DIV>In a message dated 08/06/2004 08:22:21 GMT Standard Time, 
d.w.rollema@freeler.nl writes:</DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE 
style="PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: blue 2px solid"><FONT 
  style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" face=Arial color=#000000 size=3>So it 
  seems to me that class D and E amplifiers should preferably be followed by a 
  low pass filter with a series inductor at the transmitter side. 
  <BR>&nbsp;<BR>Please correct me if my conclusion is not valid.<BR><BR>An 
  interesting question is whether a low pass filter is really necessary when the 
  transmitter feeds the aerial via a series tuning 
coil.<BR></FONT></BLOCKQUOTE></DIV>
<DIV></DIV>
<DIV>Hello Dick.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>A brief response is that all the inductor input LPF circuits I have tried 
have either casused instability or fatal (for the FETS) voltages at the 
PA.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>I did try your idea of no LPF in the early days of 73kHz,&nbsp; and managed 
to get a very nice 577 report from an amateur 2 miles away on 20m.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>ooops</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>David&nbsp; G0MRF</DIV></FONT></BODY></HTML>

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Dick,

you are absolutely right that a "voltage switching" class D amplifier should
not be followed by a lowpass filter with shunt C input as this will result in
huge current spikes.

There are two major kinds of class D, "voltage switching" / "constant voltage"
and "current switching" / "constant current". G3YXM's 1kW transmitter is a
good example of current switching class D design. The DC power enters the
center tap of the output transformer through a large DC feeding choke which
keeps the DC input current fairly constant over the entire RF cycle while the
FETs take the current in an alternating fashion. The current through each FET
is ideally a square wave while the voltage across the (open) FETs is a half
sine period. This kind of amplifier *should* work into a parallel resonant circuit
or at least a shunt-C-input lowpass filter. A common problem with this kind of
amplifier is high voltage spikes that occurs when there is a "drive gap" (when
both FETs are off). Snubber networks comes to mind...

Full bridge (like the Decca) and half bridge (totem-pole) amplifiers are of the
voltage switching kind and they work in "the opposite way". The voltage across
the FETs (or whatever active devices) is a square wave while the current is
sinusoidal. These amplifiers should drive the load through a series resonant
circuit. With enough loaded Q in the series tank, usually 5 to 10, the load current
is an almost perfect sine wave. The harmonics exists only as voltage across
the transistors, only fundamental current is drawn out of the circuit.
A properly designed amplifier of this kind has much less problems with overvoltage
spikes since the maximum transistor voltage is confined within the supply rails.
However, under ideal conditions, the FETs will switch at the zero crossings but if
the load is reactive, or if the series circuit is out of tune, the voltage/current phase
shift will increase switching losses. Also, the transistors will have to conduct
"backwards" during a part of their ON period. MOSFETs may survive this thanks
to their inherent "backward diodes" (slow! lossy!) but bipolars can quickly enter
class Z (flash & bang!) if no external diodes are there to catch the backward current... :-)

Andy G4JNT has written an excellent article about his 700W class D amplifier.
The elegant Decca overcurrent protection is also described in this article.
The article is available in PDF format on this page:
http://www.nutstreet.net/xfx/smt/


Class E is very different from class D. Even though the drive is a "hard square",
neither the transistor voltage nor current is a squarewave. Like class D,
class E approaches 100% efficiency but, as opposed to D, class E requires
quite a big capacitor across the transistor which minimises problems with high
voltage spikes. Tuning is easy, simply adjust the shunt C and the series tank
(either C or L) for a proper drain waveform.

In my opinion, class E is the simplest and most elegant amplifier. The main
drawback is that the "transistor utilisation factor" is less than for class D i.e.
the same transistor would be able to give more power in class D.
In class E, the peak transistor voltage is 3.5 - 4 times supply voltage and
Pout is only 0.55 * Vsupp^2 / RL (approx.).

If the presence of even harmonics is a problem (due to assymetrical drain
waveform), it is possible to make a push-pull class E amplifier by building two
identical single ended class E amplifiers, feed them 180 degree drive, and
let them share a common series resonant tank and output transformer.
Thanks to the series tank, the amplifier halves will never "know" that they
are operating in push-pull since they both "see" a nice sinusoidal load current.

Nathan Sokal WA1HQC has written a very good article about class E design.
The article sokal.zip (zipped PDF) can be found on this page:
http://mywebpages.comcast.net/tonne/classe.html



> A problem in  The Netherlands would be that the radio inspector does not 
> measure harmonics as field strength but as power in the output of the 
> transmitter (or LP-filter, when present). So selectivity of the aerial 
> system does not help.

Maybe you could get away with a small class E amplifier. The voltage waveform
on the transistor is not too far from sinusoidal. The series circuit required in
class E can consist of the aerial system itself since there is no upper limit on
loaded Q in the design equations.

It may be tempting to connect the loading coil + antenna directly to the
midpoint of a (voltage switching) class D totem-pole, but, because of
nanosecond switching speed, the wire running from the amplifier to the
loading coil will radiate a lot of harmonics! All the way up to VHF...
(I tried it once and caused a TV blackout :-)


73
Johan SM6LKM















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<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>To All from PA0SE<br>
<br>
The following subject may have been discussed on the reflector before but I
can't remember it.<br>
<br>
Class D and E final amplifiers have high efficiency because they produce square
waves.&nbsp; When the voltage between source and&nbsp; drain of the FETs is
high, current is zero; when current flows voltage is almost zero<font
color=navy><span style='color:navy'>&#8230;</span></font></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Dear Dick, LF Group,</span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>The first thing is that class E refers to
a very specific circuit configuration &#8211; see Alan G3NYK&#8217;s web pages
at <a href="http://www.alan.melia.btinternet.co.uk/classepa.htm">http://www.alan.melia.btinternet.co.uk/classepa.htm</a>
for a discussion of the concept.</span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>The basic Class D amplifier configuration
comes in two flavours; current-fed and voltage-fed. The voltage fed type drives
a load resistor with a square-wave voltage, through a series-tuned tank circuit
(ideally with infinite loaded Q), resulting in a sinusoidal current in the load.
The current-fed type drives a load resistor shunted with a parallel tuned tank
circuit (again, ideally with infinite loaded Q) with a square wave current,
resulting in a sinusoidal voltage across the load. In both cases, the switching
devices produce a square wave by alternately reversing the direction of the DC
supply voltage or current at the desired output frequency. The voltage-fed type
uses a conventional DC supply, decoupled to ground in the normal way with low
impedance capacitors. A constant-current supply is not a convenient thing to
produce, so in practice the current-fed type uses a conventional low impedance
DC supply with a high-impedance series choke, which is a satisfactory
approximation.</span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>As Dick points out, one could not apply a
square-wave voltage to a tank circuit with a shunt capacitor without having
huge (theoretically infinite for ideal components) peak currents and power
losses, as you tried to charge and discharge the capacitor instantaneously (I =
C.dv/dt). Likewise, if you tried to apply a square-wave current to a series-tuned
tank circuit, you would have huge voltage spikes from trying to reverse the
tank inductor current instantaneously (V=L.di/dt), with similar disastrous
results. So one cannot pick and choose &#8211; a voltage switching circuit must
drive a load with series inductance, to keep the current to finite levels,
whilst the current switching version must have shunt capacitance to avoid the
voltage spikes.</span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Note that the function of the resonant
tank circuit is NOT primarily to &#8220;filter out harmonics&#8221;, but to act
as an energy storage &#8220;flywheel&#8221;, which allows the conversion of the
square wave drive into a sinusoidal output without loss of power. It also
achieves desirable switching conditions for the power transistors &#8211; in the
voltage fed case, the load current is zero when the voltage reversal occurs,
whilst with the current fed circuit, the voltage across the load is zero when
current switching occurs. This means that, even with fairly slow switching of
the transistors, transient power dissipation is low.</span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>The &#8220;Decca&#8221; circuit is a clear
example of a voltage-fed class D amplifier with a series L and C tank circuit.
But with the push-pull designs typified by the G3YXM and G0MRF circuits, things
are not so clear. For a start, neither has a resonant tank circuit as such.
However, the output low pass filter is &#8220;Quasi-parallel-resonant&#8221;,
in that it has resistive impedance at the output frequency (or almost so in the
G0MRF case), and a capacitive impedance at higher frequencies, so it acts in a
somewhat similar way to a very low Q parallel tuned tank circuit. This suggests
a current-fed configuration, and indeed the &#8216;YXM design has the DC supply
fed to the PA transformer primary via a choke, as one would expect. However,
the &#8216;MRF has the transformer centre tap decoupled to ground via a (fairly)
low impedance capacitor. So at first sight, it would appear that each time
switching occurs, one MOSFET or the other must try to transfer charge instantaneously
from this capacitor to the filter input capacitor through the transformer,
resulting in a large transient current spike. However, in reality, life is more
complicated. The transformer has substantial leakage inductance, which prevents
a very rapid rise in current &#8211; so the circuit is somewhat in a grey area
between voltage- and current-fed class D. The trouble is that the leakage
inductance resonates with the various capacitors, and the other inductors in
the circuit, to produce several different resonant frequencies in the output
network, all of which are driven by the switching transients. This results in a
very complicated waveform with high amplitude ringing at high frequencies. Although
the circuit &#8220;works&#8221; in the sense that it produces substantial 136kHz
output, it results in high power losses in the PA components, if you are
unlucky. I suspect that the reason some people have had problems with the MRF
design, while for others it works well, is that the overall circuit behaviour
is quite sensitive to the exact amount of leakage inductance, and so on the exact
physical construction of the transformer. When the ringing occurs at just the
right frequency, the circuit could act as a class &#8221;F&#8221; amplifier,
but that is another story&#8230;</span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>The mods I came up with for the &#8216;MRF
circuit aim to convert it into something nearer the &#8220;textbook&#8221;
current fed configuration. Particularly, I tried to reduce the leakage
inductance of the transformer &#8211; the original design had a leakage
inductance of about 2.5uH, which has a reactance of the same order as the load
impedance of a few ohms on the primary side of the transformer, so is bound to
substantially affect circuit behaviour. The new transformer I described reduced
this to about 0.25uH. Eliminating the &#8220;decoupling&#8221; capacitor and
increasing the feed choke inductance makes the drain current a fair
approximation to a square wave as desired. The reduced leakage inductance and
the introduction of the &#8220;snubber&#8221; RC networks get rid of a lot of
the HF ringing, and &#8220;simplify&#8221; the circuit behaviour. The low-pass,
Low-Q output filter network means that the PA voltage waveform is not the ideal
sinusoidal form, but seems near enough not to make a lot of difference. I have
experimented with higher-Q tank circuits, and also with voltage-fed
arrangements with a series LC tank, which do improve the waveform. However,
since the circuit is about 90% efficient anyway, there is not a great deal of
improvement to be had, plus the higher loaded Q circuits have the disadvantage
of needing bigger, lower loss, output Ls and Cs which must be more accurately
adjusted in value. Also, the low-pass configuration gives better reduction of
harmonics; even if a higher Q tank circuit is used, an additional LPF will
probably still be needed. Although the antenna itself will give substantial
reduction of lower order harmonics, the switching transients inevitably mean
that significant harmonics are generated throughout the MF and HF range at 136kHz
intervals. It is unlikely that the antenna-plus-loading coil will give good
rejection throughout that range.</span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Cheers, Jim Moritz</span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>73 de M0BMU</span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

</div>

</body>

</html>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Johan Bodin" <jbodin@tele2.se>
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Dick,

just a few more comments,

you wrote:

> So it seems to me that class D and E amplifiers should preferably be 
> followed by a low pass filter with a series inductor at the transmitter side.

In the case of voltage switching class D and class E, I prefer to view
the series resonant tank as an integral part of the amplifier.
With such a tank in place, the output signal is already sinusoidal, with
just a litlle bit of harmonics, and you can put any kind of lowpass filter
after the tank without problems.


Another thought on the small coil in the middle of the totem-poles in
the Decca design:

In addition to Andy's explanation that the coil will limit shoot-through spikes,
I believe it also helps to reduce loss, when driving reactive loads, by throwing
the external (and fast) catch diodes into conduction before the internal (and
slow) MOSFET diodes and keep it that way until the other MOSFET turns on.
The small "kickback" from the coil will put higher voltage across the external
diode and the MOSFET diode will hopefully never start conducting.
As soon as the other MOSFET turns on, it will shunt the diode(s) anyway
since MOSFETs conduct almost equally well in both directions.


73
Johan SM6LKM




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Alan Melia" <Alan.Melia@btinternet.com>
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Hi all the technical chat about PA operation has reminded me of an
unfinished project idea that someone might like to pick-up. It was
stimulated by the need to tune a Class-E stage for maximum efficiency (usual
technique to tune for PA FET drain waveform on a 'scope), but I guess it
could be a useful tool in any Class of PA.

Simply, the efficiency is approximately the PA (DC) current divided by the
aerial of feeder current, so there is some "computation" to do. I considered
a simple analogue multiplier, but then remembered the circuits of analogue
computers from my youth. I am thinking that these latter circuits might be
more rugged and easier to understand for most. ( no software or clever
programmers required !!) A KISS solution ??

The idea goes like this....... use a high-side current measurement chip
....there is one made by Zetex but I have not doubt there are others. Some
extra circuitry will be necessary to get it to sit 60 volts of so "up in the
air" (see the Zetex app note) The voltage produced by this part is turned
into a PWM stream (maybe a 555) referenced to ground. The feeder current is
monitored with a current transformer (like Jim's tuning aid) but the output
to a moving coil meter is interupted (chopped) by the PWM stream (100Hz or
so). With the correct "polarity" of the pulse stream the level integrated by
the moving coil meter will be a measure of the efficiency. Hence as the DC
current increases the chopper gate is closed for less time giving a lower
reading. I know it will not be an accurate measure of efficiency, but I was
seeking a "peaking" meter to easily tune a Class-E stage correctly without
the use of a 'scope.

I have not patented this idea and offer it for the good of mankind and
hopefully a help to LF operators.

Yup I know you could do it with a PIC or some other device with a
mega-bucketfull of transistors inside.....but I though this conceptually
simple idea would appeal to the "hot solder-iron" fraternity (like me), and
would be relatively easy to breadboard up. There may of course be a
"theoretical hole" in my bucket....but I have no doubt someone will soon
tell me !!

Cheers de Alan G3NYK
alan.melia@btinternet.com






From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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G'day.

Robert, AX2TAR, tried transmitting without a lowpass filter.   I live about
15Km from him and could barely hear the 3rd harmonic, but his 19th harmonic
at about 3.4MHz was very strong. 
Presumably that was where his antenna wire was a half wave long and coupled
through the stray capacitance across his loading coil.

At 10:06 AM 6/8/04 +0200, you wrote:
>   To All from PA0SE
>
> The following subject may have been discussed on the reflector before but
>I can't remember it.
>
>   drain of the FETs is high, current is zero; when current flows voltage
>is almost zero.
> But what happens if the transmitter is followed by a low pass filter with
>a shunt capacitor at the input, as is often the case?
>  
>
> Looking at it in the frequency domain one could say that the shunt
>capacitor causes the square wave to start becoming a sine wave.
>
>  
>
>  a very high kick-back voltage at the drain of a single-ended amplifier,
>almost certain killing the transistor.
>  amplifier this is prevented by the other transistor that starts to
>conduct at the same moment.
> Provided of course coupling between the two halves of the primary winding
>is very tight.
>
> So it seems to me that class D and E amplifiers should preferably be
>followed by a low pass filter with a series inductor at the transmitter
side. 
> 
> Please correct me if my conclusion is not valid.
>
> An interesting question is whether a low pass filter is really necessary
>when the transmitter feeds the aerial via a series tuning coil.
> Harry Grimbergen, PA0LQ, has given this some thought and he says the
>following (my translation).
> Quote: 
>    The third harmonic of a square wave is 9.5 dB weaker than the basic
>frequency. On the other hand radiation resistance increases with frequency
>squared; 9 dB for d3. 
> Nevertheless harmonics will be suppressed almost 50 dB. 
>
> About 16% of the power in a square wave is in the harmonics and this power
>is reflected back into the final amplifier.
>  I have been able to show this also using simulation by MICROCAP. 
> Unquote.
>
>  The Netherlands would be that the radio inspector does not measure
>harmonics as field strength but as power in the output of the transmitter
>(or LP-filter, when present). So selectivity of the aerial system does not
>help.
>
> Any comments will be very welcome.
>
> 73, Dick, PA0SE
>
> 
>     
73, Ric, VK7RO

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For many months now I have been experiencing a peculiar electrical
interference. It is a rasping sound rather like a spark transmitter and
sending something like NX in very bad morse at around 5WPM. The QRM is
broadband centred around 14MHz and is on 24hrs a day.
I have reported the matter to BT who hav been out to investigate but are
unable to find the source or even say what it is.
I have also sent a tape to David Lauder, the RSGB EMC guru but even he does
not know what it is.
With my bicycle mobile I have travelled around the vicinity in a radius of
around 3km of my QTH and find the QRM widespread with hot spots often by
telephone line distribution poles. Most telephone poles do not carry the
interference.
The interference does not affect 136kHz - hence Off Topic.

Regards,
Peter, G3LDO

e-mail <g3ldo@ukonline.co.uk>





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From: "John Rabson" <word.factory@zetnet.co.uk>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
References: <5.2.0.9.2.20040519074411.01fa5ab8@pop.vianw.pt> <000501c44dfb$bdf38640$7a1686d4@erica>
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If I recall correctly, there is an ISM allocation slightly below 14 MHz
which is used for RF heating. Some of the power oscillators I encountered
did not have a very stable centre frequency and had a rather broad signal. A
colleague from South Africa told me that he always knew when the UK was at
lunch because the background noise on 20 m down there was much reduced.

73
John G3PAI

----- Original Message ----- 
From: "g3ldo" <g3ldo@ukonline.co.uk>
To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: Wednesday, June 09, 2004 9:27 AM
Subject: LF: Re: Off Topic---QRM


> For many months now I have been experiencing a peculiar electrical
> interference. It is a rasping sound rather like a spark transmitter and
> sending something like NX in very bad morse at around 5WPM. The QRM is
> broadband centred around 14MHz and is on 24hrs a day.
> I have reported the matter to BT who hav been out to investigate but are
> unable to find the source or even say what it is.
> I have also sent a tape to David Lauder, the RSGB EMC guru but even he
does
> not know what it is.
> With my bicycle mobile I have travelled around the vicinity in a radius of
> around 3km of my QTH and find the QRM widespread with hot spots often by
> telephone line distribution poles. Most telephone poles do not carry the
> interference.
> The interference does not affect 136kHz - hence Off Topic.
>
> Regards,
> Peter, G3LDO
>
> e-mail <g3ldo@ukonline.co.uk>
>
>
>
>
>



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Johan Bodin" <jbodin@tele2.se>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
References: <6.1.0.6.2.20040608100555.02801340@POP3.freeler.nl> <001701c44d4e$fe7cdc00$4e0a97d4@oemcomputer>
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I wrote:

> Nathan Sokal WA1HQC has written a very good article about class E design.
> The article sokal.zip (zipped PDF) can be found on this page:
> http://mywebpages.comcast.net/tonne/classe.html

Jim Tonnes class E page seems gone, the following link should work better:

http://www.netway.com/~stevec/ham/sokal2corrected.pdf 

73
Johan SM6LKM



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Alan Melia" <Alan.Melia@btinternet.com>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
References: <5.2.0.9.2.20040519074411.01fa5ab8@pop.vianw.pt> <000501c44dfb$bdf38640$7a1686d4@erica> <000a01c44e11$896fc2b0$3b32f7c2@johnb5a82ea1a4>
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Hi John 13.55MHz rings a bell for the ISM frequency, which is the US "HiFer"
allocation as well. Most of the kit I have seen (not a lot) in the last 20
years had crystal control, but the supply is not always that well smoothed.
Alan
----- Original Message -----
From: "John Rabson" <word.factory@zetnet.co.uk>
To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: 09 June 2004 12:03
Subject: LF: Re: Re: Off Topic---QRM


> If I recall correctly, there is an ISM allocation slightly below 14 MHz
> which is used for RF heating. Some of the power oscillators I encountered
> did not have a very stable centre frequency and had a rather broad signal.
A
> colleague from South Africa told me that he always knew when the UK was at
> lunch because the background noise on 20 m down there was much reduced.
>
> 73
> John G3PAI
>
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: "g3ldo" <g3ldo@ukonline.co.uk>
> To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
> Sent: Wednesday, June 09, 2004 9:27 AM
> Subject: LF: Re: Off Topic---QRM
>
>
> > For many months now I have been experiencing a peculiar electrical
> > interference. It is a rasping sound rather like a spark transmitter and
> > sending something like NX in very bad morse at around 5WPM. The QRM is
> > broadband centred around 14MHz and is on 24hrs a day.
> > I have reported the matter to BT who hav been out to investigate but are
> > unable to find the source or even say what it is.
> > I have also sent a tape to David Lauder, the RSGB EMC guru but even he
> does
> > not know what it is.
> > With my bicycle mobile I have travelled around the vicinity in a radius
of
> > around 3km of my QTH and find the QRM widespread with hot spots often by
> > telephone line distribution poles. Most telephone poles do not carry the
> > interference.
> > The interference does not affect 136kHz - hence Off Topic.
> >
> > Regards,
> > Peter, G3LDO
> >
> > e-mail <g3ldo@ukonline.co.uk>
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
>



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Alan Melia" <Alan.Melia@btinternet.com>
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References: <5.2.0.9.2.20040519074411.01fa5ab8@pop.vianw.pt> <000501c44dfb$bdf38640$7a1686d4@erica>
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Hi Peter, the immediate thought is DSL ( or ADSL) or even ISDN lines. I
would not lay too much store by BT "engineers" not being able to find it.
These guys have little or no RF experience in general. Because it is so
wirespread, I would suggest it is a system effect rather than a fault
somewhere, and it would seem to correlate with the increased penetration of
"broadband". This could explain why some "diss poles" are not as noisy as
others.

I do still have a collegue who is an amateur who worked in the EMC group at
Martlesham for many years (now retired), after starting as an RI officer in
N.London. He still has contacts and I believe does consultative work. I
would be happy to send him the imformation /tape if you think it would help.

Cheers de Alan G3NYK
alan.melia@btinternet.com

----- Original Message -----
From: "g3ldo" <g3ldo@ukonline.co.uk>
To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: 09 June 2004 09:27
Subject: LF: Re: Off Topic---QRM


> For many months now I have been experiencing a peculiar electrical
> interference. It is a rasping sound rather like a spark transmitter and
> sending something like NX in very bad morse at around 5WPM. The QRM is
> broadband centred around 14MHz and is on 24hrs a day.
> I have reported the matter to BT who hav been out to investigate but are
> unable to find the source or even say what it is.
> I have also sent a tape to David Lauder, the RSGB EMC guru but even he
does
> not know what it is.
> With my bicycle mobile I have travelled around the vicinity in a radius of
> around 3km of my QTH and find the QRM widespread with hot spots often by
> telephone line distribution poles. Most telephone poles do not carry the
> interference.
> The interference does not affect 136kHz - hence Off Topic.
>
> Regards,
> Peter, G3LDO
>
> e-mail <g3ldo@ukonline.co.uk>
>
>
>


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<DIV>Another thought which might be relevant. I was struck by the relationship 
with telephone lines. A few years ago I had a box installed by the "telephone 
company who used to be a post office"&nbsp;that created 2 telephone lines out of 
one (they still made me pay for two) and which I eventually realised was a major 
noise source on 80 metres. It had a boolean logic which went something like: No 
lines in use = No Noise, No.1 line in use = noise burst approx every 2 secs, No2 
line in use = noise burst approx every 2 secs, Nos. 1&nbsp;&amp; 2 lines in use 
= slow (5 - 10 wpm) random morse (or something similar). It went away when I 
eventually complained and they came and dug a hole and did the job properly so I 
could have ISDN. So I wonder if the LDO noise has a similar provenance</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Pat G4GVW&nbsp;</DIV></FONT></BODY></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Lawrence Mayhead" <laurie@g3aqc.freeserve.co.uk>
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Thanks Bob for the sugestion, I have been looking for a means to pull the
oscillator that I use for QRS and DFCW.
The cap. in series with the xtal gives me coarse adjustment and now the
emitter resistance change enables a "fine tune".
I am able to achieve 0.5hz shift in the final 137 khz output. although I
need to reduce the emitter resistance by 50% to
achieve this.
73 Laurie.




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From: Alberto di Bene <dibene@usa.net>
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<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:jan-martin.noding@telenor.com">jan-martin.noding@telenor.com</a> wrote:<br>
<blockquote type="cite"
 cite="midF5878FE035382745BF8928154A07D3D1938AB8@TNS-FBU-2E-006.corp.telenor.no">
  <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; ">
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  <div><span class="678195114-09062004">A bifilar wound choke passes
the balanced signal, but attenuates the unbalanced. Propose to wind a
2x 1mH choke (possibly much less)<br>
  <br>
  </span></div>
</blockquote>
Wouldn't this play havoc with ADSL ?<br>
<br>
73&nbsp; Alberto&nbsp; I2PHD<br>
<br>
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<DIV>belive it or not the several turns of drop wire is done to help</DIV>
<DIV>keep out transits from near lightning strikes,,, </DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Telco says it is cheap , EZ to do and may work</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Bob&nbsp; K3DJC ( Ex Verizon )&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>On Wed, 9 Jun 2004 12:26:25 EDT G4gvw@aol.com writes:</DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=ltr 
style="PADDING-LEFT: 10px; MARGIN-LEFT: 10px; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid">
  <DIV>6 or so turns of the drop wire through a ferrite ring seems to help keep 
  my HF out of my ISDN lines and doesn't seem to affect the line comms. But 
  there again I don't seem to get any problems from the telecom system into my 
  radios.</DIV>
  <DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
  <DIV>pat g4gvw</DIV></FONT>
  <DIV>&nbsp;</DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></BODY></HTML>

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Thread-Topic: G3ldo's noise
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From: jan-martin.noding@telenor.com
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<DIV><SPAN class=678195114-09062004>Hi</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=678195114-09062004>Very often such noise could be improved with 
a simple task, the first thing to try is connecting a bifilar wound choke where 
your telephone line enters the house. the next is to improve at your neighbours. 
Very often the balance is not what you might think, I've shown some of my own 
experience from telecomms on </SPAN><A 
href="http://www.noding.com/la8ak/12345/n11.htm">http://www.noding.com/la8ak/12345/n11.htm</A><SPAN 
class=678195114-09062004> </SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=678195114-09062004>A bifilar wound choke passes the balanced 
signal, but attenuates the unbalanced. Propose to wind a 2x 1mH choke (possibly 
much less)<BR><BR>73</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=678195114-09062004>Jan-Martin, LA8AK</SPAN></DIV>
<P>--- <BR><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4>J M 
Nøding,&nbsp;Kristiansand</FONT><BR></P></BODY></HTML>

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For info I could find nothing of it on  20 metre band ,top to bottom, from
11.00 to 11.30 today at Shoreham (15 miles away).

Band was open to VE and Western Isles. One of my antennas passes within 6
feet of a telco. distribution pole.

G3GVB             (is it the bicycle dynamo ;-) )


----- Original Message -----
From: g3ldo <g3ldo@ukonline.co.uk>
To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: Wednesday, June 09, 2004 9:27 AM
Subject: LF: Re: Off Topic---QRM


> For many months now I have been experiencing a peculiar electrical




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<DIV>6 or so turns of the drop wire through a ferrite ring seems to help keep my 
HF out of my ISDN lines and doesn't seem to affect the line comms. But there 
again I don't seem to get any problems from the telecom system into my 
radios.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>pat g4gvw</DIV></FONT></BODY></HTML>

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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
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<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'>-----Original Message-----<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>From:</span></b>
owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org [mailto:owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org] <b><span
style='font-weight:bold'>On Behalf Of </span></b>jan-martin.noding@telenor.com<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> </span></font><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'>09 June 2004</span></font><font
size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'> </span></font><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'>15:57</span></font><font
size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'><br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> LF: RE: G3ldo's noise</span></font></p>

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<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=2 color=black
face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>Hi</span></font></p>

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<div>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Very often such noise
could be improved with a simple task, the first thing to try is connecting a
bifilar wound choke where your telephone line enters the house. the next is to
improve at your neighbours. Very often the balance is not what you might think<font
color=navy><span style='color:navy'>&#8230;</span></font></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>In the </span></font><font size=2
  color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
  color:navy'>UK</span></font><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>, the external line is
supposed to be balanced, but the extension wiring inside the house is
inherently unbalanced because it includes a third &#8220;ringing&#8221; wire
(one of Dave Lauder&#8217;s favorite topics!)</span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Cheers, Jim Moritz</span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>73 de M0BMU</span></font></p>

</div>

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From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Vernall" <vernall@xtra.co.nz>
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Laurie G3AQC,

I'm pleased to hear that you have made use of the idea.  My original
objective was to be able to readily adjust the frequency of a calibration
grade oscillator, for which fractional ppm is adequate.  Your 0.5 Hz at 137
kHz is 3.6 ppm.

Since my earlier report I received a request to check the slope of the delta
emitter gradient, so that it could be used under automatic control in a
phased locked loop.  I checked a different design Colpitts crystal
oscillator to "double check" on gradient matters.  I confirmed that the
technique worked for fine tuning each, but the slope was "opposite".  So if
a particular oscillator is to be used in a PLL application, it needs to be
characterised for delta slope before designing the VCO drive.

Someone reading these postings may have a suggestion as to the semiconductor
mechanism(s) that bring about a variation in oscillator frequency.  It would
be unfortunate if some oscillator design had an S curve for frequency versus
emitter resistance.

73, Bob ZL2CA

----- Original Message -----
From: "Lawrence Mayhead" <laurie@g3aqc.freeserve.co.uk>
To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: Thursday, June 10, 2004 12:56 AM
Subject: LF: re Xtal osc "delta emitter" tuning


> Thanks Bob for the sugestion, I have been looking for a means to pull the
> oscillator that I use for QRS and DFCW.
> The cap. in series with the xtal gives me coarse adjustment and now the
> emitter resistance change enables a "fine tune".
> I am able to achieve 0.5hz shift in the final 137 khz output. although I
> need to reduce the emitter resistance by 50% to
> achieve this.
> 73 Laurie.
>
>
>



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<DIV><SPAN class=544343321-09062004>if it is unbalanced type signal</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV><BR>
<P><FONT face=Arial size=2>---</FONT> <BR><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4>J 
M Nøding, Datakvalitet, TTS, Kristiansand</FONT><BR><FONT face=Tahoma 
size=2>-----Original Message-----<BR><B>From:</B> 
owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org 
[mailto:owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org]<B>On Behalf Of </B>Alberto di 
Bene<BR><B>Sent:</B> 9. juni 2004 18:13<BR><B>To:</B> 
rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org<BR><B>Subject:</B> LF: RE: G3ldo's 
noise<BR><BR></FONT></P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><A class=moz-txt-link-abbreviated 
  href="mailto:jan-martin.noding@telenor.com">jan-martin.noding@telenor.com</A> 
  wrote:<BR>
  <BLOCKQUOTE 
  cite=midF5878FE035382745BF8928154A07D3D1938AB8@TNS-FBU-2E-006.corp.telenor.no 
  type="cite">
    <META content="MSHTML 6.00.2800.1400" name=GENERATOR>
    <DIV><SPAN class=678195114-09062004>A bifilar wound choke passes the 
    balanced signal, but attenuates the unbalanced. Propose to wind a 2x 1mH 
    choke (possibly much less)<BR><BR></SPAN></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE>Wouldn't this play 
  havoc with ADSL ?<BR><BR>73&nbsp; Alberto&nbsp; 
I2PHD<BR><BR></BLOCKQUOTE></BODY></HTML>

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Thread-Topic: RE: RE: G3ldo's noise
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From: jan-martin.noding@telenor.com
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
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<DIV><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff size=2><SPAN 
class=436413621-09062004>tnx,</SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff size=2><SPAN class=436413621-09062004>and 
even the audio type of transformer were tested as choke on 2.048Mb/s PCM 
systems, but introduced 6dB loss, they are quite heavy, while only the 
difference between the to windings adds to the series inductivity of a balanced 
line</SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV><SPAN class=436413621-09062004></SPAN><FONT face=Arial><FONT 
color=#0000ff><FONT size=2>JM<SPAN 
class=436413621-09062004></SPAN></FONT></FONT></FONT><BR>
<P><FONT face=Arial size=2>---</FONT> <BR><FONT size=4>J M Nøding, 
Datakvalitet,&nbsp;<SPAN class=436413621-09062004>Telenor/</SPAN>TTS, 
Kristiansand<BR></FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2>Telefon 0047-380-52660, 9077-7126 
(QTH: 0047-380-87178)</FONT> </P>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
  <DIV class=OutlookMessageHeader dir=ltr align=left><FONT face=Tahoma 
  size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">-----Original 
  Message-----<BR><B><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">From:</SPAN></B> 
  owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org [mailto:owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org] 
  <B><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">On Behalf Of 
  </SPAN></B>jan-martin.noding@telenor.com<BR></SPAN></FONT><FONT face=Arial 
  color=black size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Hi</SPAN></FONT></DIV>
  <DIV class=Section1>
  <DIV>
  <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 36pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman" 
  size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">Very often such noise could be improved 
  with a simple task, the first thing to try is connecting a bifilar wound choke 
  where your telephone line enters the house. the next is to improve at your 
  neighbours. Very often the balance is not what you might think<FONT 
  color=navy><SPAN style="COLOR: navy">&#8230;</SPAN></FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=navy size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">In the 
  </SPAN></FONT><FONT face=Arial color=navy size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">UK</SPAN></FONT><FONT 
  face=Arial color=navy size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">, the external line 
  is supposed to be balanced, but the extension wiring inside the house is 
  inherently unbalanced because it includes a third &#8220;ringing&#8221; wire (one of Dave 
  Lauder&#8217;s favorite topics!)</SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=navy size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=navy size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Cheers, Jim 
  Moritz</SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=navy size=2><SPAN 
  style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">73 de 
  M0BMU</SPAN></FONT></P></DIV></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></BODY></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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<DIV>Touche, Alberto!</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>The probem is (as my pal G3nyk often reminds me) is the misconception of 
what is referred to as "common mode" transmission of unwanted products (and 
sometimes "stray" wanted ones as well)!</DIV>
<DIV>EMC is an area in which it is still possible to surmise that "radio" is a 
black art in the sense that one man's solution is another man's experiment and 
another man's life's work.</DIV>
<DIV>Would that we were all gifted with "second sight". My own exp[eriences over 
the years tend toward the theory that much is instinctive and that if it works 
the investment in time as to cause and effect is academic due to the pressures 
of time plotted against the scale of the next 
problem!</DIV></FONT></BODY></HTML>

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<html>
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<font size=3><b>To All from PA0SE<br><br>
Many thanks to all who gave their views on the effect of lowpass filters
following 136 kHz power amplifiers.<br><br>
I find the Reflector a wonderful medium for exchanging interesting info
and I am grateful to those behind the scene that keep it
running.<br><br>
73, Dick, PA0SE</font></b></body>
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Update...nothing heard on 20m 0600 to 0800 june 10

G3GVB
----- Original Message -----
From: captbrian <captbrian@ukonline.co.uk>
To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: Wednesday, June 09, 2004 6:53 PM
Subject: LF: G3LDO noises.


> For info I could find nothing of it on  20 metre band ,top to bottom, from
> 11.00 to 11.30 today at Shoreham (15 miles away).
>
> Band was open to VE and Western Isles. One of my antennas passes within 6
> feet of a telco. distribution pole.
>
> G3GVB             (is it the bicycle dynamo ;-) )
>
>
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: g3ldo <g3ldo@ukonline.co.uk>
> To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
> Sent: Wednesday, June 09, 2004 9:27 AM
> Subject: LF: Re: Off Topic---QRM
>
>
> > For many months now I have been experiencing a peculiar electrical
>
>
>
>



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Derek Atter" <datter@btinternet.com>
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References: <000f01c440f6$a02db8e0$91360751@y6m8a2>
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD>
<META http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
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<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>John,</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Don't despair! You are putting out a good signal 
into this neck of the woods with your new system -I have been hearing you 
regularly . My antenna system is down at the moment due to other activities but 
I hope to join you&nbsp;operating hand sent CW again ere long!!</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>73,&nbsp; de&nbsp; Derek Atter 
G3GRO</FONT>&nbsp;<FONT face=Arial size=2>,&nbsp; Crawley West 
Sussex</FONT></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=ltr 
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
  <DIV 
  style="BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; FONT: 10pt arial; font-color: black"><B>From:</B> 
  <A title=g3jrl@members.v21.co.uk 
  href="mailto:g3jrl@members.v21.co.uk">Frederick John Armstrong</A> </DIV>
  <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B> <A title=rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org 
  href="mailto:rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org">lf group</A> </DIV>
  <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B> Sunday, May 23, 2004 7:48 PM</DIV>
  <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B> LF: CQs on 136</DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT><BR></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Hello again folks.</FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>I have been sending copious cqs during the week 
  and especially today, Sunday, morning. No reports of being heard so I wonder 
  did anyone out there hear my signals I wonder?</FONT></DIV>
  <DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>I have made improvements to my antenna since I 
  had contacts with Jim M0BMU and Tom, G3OLB last weekend and thanks to you both 
  for the encouraging reports.</FONT></DIV>
  <DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Since then I have put a second wire on the 
  horizontal part to increase the capacitance ans it made quite a difference to 
  the loading coil turns to achieve resonance with an increase in antenna 
  current.&nbsp; I have also increased the height of the top wires to 50 ft so I 
  did think I would be getting somewhere. Maybe you were all outside enjoyong 
  the sun and who could blame you?</FONT></DIV>
  <DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Will be continuing with the calls as and when I 
  can so if you hear me would you please report to me? </FONT></DIV>
  <DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Thanks and 73 from John, G3JRL, 
  Weymouth.</FONT></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></BODY></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Lawrence Mayhead" <laurie@g3aqc.freeserve.co.uk>
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Yes Bob I realise that I am pushing things rather a lot, hence the big shift
in emitter resistance ,
 however it does work and others may be interested.
Regarding the mechanism behind your idea could it possibly be a form of
Miller effect as in valve
technowledgy ? perhaps the base emitter capacitance depends on the emitter
current.
Hopefully someone oin this group more knowlegable than me can comment.
73 Laurie.




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Yes Bob I realise I am stretching it a bit hence the rather extream
variation in emitter resistance.
However it works for my purposes and no doubt others would like a simple
means of getting a "fine" adjustment.
Regarding the mechanism behind your idea, is it possibly a form of  "Miller"
effect as in valve technology.
Does the base emitter capacitance change  with a change in emitter current?
Perhaps one of the more knowledgeable members of this group could offer an
opinion.
Once again thanks, 73 Laurie.




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Alan Melia said


> Hi Peter, the immediate thought is DSL ( or ADSL) or even ISDN lines. I
> would not lay too much store by BT "engineers" not being able to find it.
> These guys have little or no RF experience in general. Because it is so
> wirespread, I would suggest it is a system effect rather than a fault
> somewhere, and it would seem to correlate with the increased penetration
of
> "broadband". This could explain why some "diss poles" are not as noisy as
> others.

Many thanks to Alan and the rest of you who responded regarding my QRM
problem.

I don't think that the noise is generated by BT even though it is being
radiated by some of their distribution systems.
Last week we had a power cut that affected an area of around one or more km
radius and the noise (almost) disappeared. I think most ISDN etc is powered
from the exchange.
All the interference comes down the antenna. I can reduce it considerably by
parking my beam so that the deepest null is on the source of the noise. The
noise is very broadband (I can hear traces of it on the 10 and 18MHz band)
and is average S7 throughout the 14MHz so not an apparent harmonic.

Peter, G3LDO


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Basic rate ISDN lines usually have a locally powered (ac mains wall wart
etc) NT at the customer premises-if the power goes off this will stop
'talking' to the exchange end-which it is normally doing on a continual
basis-even if no calls are established.
Pair gain systems (0+2, etc), on the other hand- usually are powered from
the exchange end, and would keep running despite local power being off.
 The former would be unusual in a suburban environment- the latter may be
quite common.

Whether or not this info is relevant is another matter!
73
Dave, ZL3FJ

----- Original Message ----- 
From: "g3ldo" <g3ldo@ukonline.co.uk>
To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: Thursday, June 10, 2004 8:57 PM
Subject: LF: Re: Re: Re: Off Topic---QRM


>
> Alan Melia said
>
>
> > Hi Peter, the immediate thought is DSL ( or ADSL) or even ISDN lines. I
> > would not lay too much store by BT "engineers" not being able to find
it.
> > These guys have little or no RF experience in general. Because it is so
> > wirespread, I would suggest it is a system effect rather than a fault
> > somewhere, and it would seem to correlate with the increased penetration
> of
> > "broadband". This could explain why some "diss poles" are not as noisy
as
> > others.
>
> Many thanks to Alan and the rest of you who responded regarding my QRM
> problem.
>
> I don't think that the noise is generated by BT even though it is being
> radiated by some of their distribution systems.
> Last week we had a power cut that affected an area of around one or more
km
> radius and the noise (almost) disappeared. I think most ISDN etc is
powered
> from the exchange.
> All the interference comes down the antenna. I can reduce it considerably
by
> parking my beam so that the deepest null is on the source of the noise.
The
> noise is very broadband (I can hear traces of it on the 10 and 18MHz band)
> and is average S7 throughout the 14MHz so not an apparent harmonic.
>
> Peter, G3LDO
>
>
>



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<html>
<body>
<b>&nbsp;To John,&nbsp; G3JRL<br><br>
I will be happy to listen for your signal tomorrow (Saturday) morning and
afternoon.<br>
At what time and frequency will you be on?<br><br>
73, Dick, PA0SE<br>
JO22GD </b></body>
</html>

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From: Fabian Kurz <lists@telegraphy.de>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
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http://www.uri.edu/news/releases/?id=2659

http://slashdot.org/articles/04/06/11/1222215.shtml?tid=126

http://www.scienceblog.com/community/article2865.html



-- 
Fabian Kurz - DJ1YFK * http://fkurz.net/



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Another link is :
http://www.eetimes.com/at/news/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=21401977

Why do I smell a strong scent of EH-antenna ??? Poor Maxwell is
turning in his grave...

73  Alberto  I2PHD
-----------------------------------------

Fabian Kurz wrote:

>http://www.uri.edu/news/releases/?id=2659
>
>http://slashdot.org/articles/04/06/11/1222215.shtml?tid=126
>
>http://www.scienceblog.com/community/article2865.html
>
>
>
>  
>




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From: Tom Boucher <tom@telemetry.demon.co.uk>
References: <000f01c440f6$a02db8e0$91360751@y6m8a2>
 <000001c44f35$29d82a70$8f208351@DerekAtter>
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Sorry John, I've been concentrating on HF CW just lately but will make a
determined attempt to get on 136 CW today (Friday) and Sunday.

73, Tom G3OLB

In message <000001c44f35$29d82a70$8f208351@DerekAtter>, Derek Atter
<datter@btinternet.com> writes
>    John,
>     
>    Don't despair! You are putting out a good signal into this neck of 
>    the woods with your new system -I have been hearing you regularly . 
>    My antenna system is down at the moment due to other activities but 
>    I hope to join you operating hand sent CW again ere long!!
>     
>    73,  de  Derek Atter G3GRO ,  Crawley West Sussex
>>       From: Frederick John Armstrong 
>>       To: lf group 
>>       Sent: Sunday, May 23, 2004 7:48 PM
>>       Subject: LF: CQs on 136
>
>>       Hello again folks.
>>        
>>       I have been sending copious cqs during the week and especially 
>>       today, Sunday, morning. No reports of being heard so I wonder 
>>       did anyone out there hear my signals I wonder?
>>        
>>       I have made improvements to my antenna since I had contacts with 
>>       Jim M0BMU and Tom, G3OLB last weekend and thanks to you both for 
>>       the encouraging reports.
>>        
>>       Since then I have put a second wire on the horizontal part to 
>>       increase the capacitance ans it made quite a difference to the 
>>       loading coil turns to achieve resonance with an increase in 
>>       antenna current.  I have also increased the height of the top 
>>       wires to 50 ft so I did think I would be getting somewhere. 
>>       Maybe you were all outside enjoyong the sun and who could blame 
>>       you?
>>        
>>       Will be continuing with the calls as and when I can so if you 
>>       hear me would you please report to me? 
>>        
>>       Thanks and 73 from John, G3JRL, Weymouth.



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Could it be all at the same time ? say 1000 Sunday? I'll monitor while
working on  TX. Need incoming sigs to improve ant.

Bryan G3GVB  Brighton area

----- Original Message -----
From: Tom Boucher <tom@telemetry.demon.co.uk>
To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: Friday, June 11, 2004 9:13 AM
Subject: Re: LF: Re: CQs on 136


> Sorry John, I've been concentrating on HF CW just lately but will make a
> determined attempt to get on 136 CW today (Friday) and Sunday.
>
> 73, Tom G3OLB
>
> In message <000001c44f35$29d82a70$8f208351@DerekAtter>, Derek Atter
> <datter@btinternet.com> writes
> >    John,
> >
> >    Don't despair! You are putting out a good signal into this neck of
> >    the woods with your new system -I have been hearing you regularly .
> >    My antenna system is down at the moment due to other activities but
> >    I hope to join you operating hand sent CW again ere long!!
> >
> >    73, de Derek Atter G3GRO , Crawley West Sussex
> >>       From: Frederick John Armstrong
> >>       To: lf group
> >>       Sent: Sunday, May 23, 2004 7:48 PM
> >>       Subject: LF: CQs on 136
> >
> >>       Hello again folks.
> >>
> >>       I have been sending copious cqs during the week and especially
> >>       today, Sunday, morning. No reports of being heard so I wonder
> >>       did anyone out there hear my signals I wonder?
> >>
> >>       I have made improvements to my antenna since I had contacts with
> >>       Jim M0BMU and Tom, G3OLB last weekend and thanks to you both for
> >>       the encouraging reports.
> >>
> >>       Since then I have put a second wire on the horizontal part to
> >>       increase the capacitance ans it made quite a difference to the
> >>       loading coil turns to achieve resonance with an increase in
> >>       antenna current. I have also increased the height of the top
> >>       wires to 50 ft so I did think I would be getting somewhere.
> >>       Maybe you were all outside enjoyong the sun and who could blame
> >>       you?
> >>
> >>       Will be continuing with the calls as and when I can so if you
> >>       hear me would you please report to me?
> >>
> >>       Thanks and 73 from John, G3JRL, Weymouth.
>
>
>



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For those who havent seen this I found this quote, which I must say does not
inspire confidence in the work of a "laboratory technician" (according to
one source....not a graduate researcher) I wonder if this was peer reviewed
!! I think it would answer Andy's question....that no he hasnt done tests on
a calibrated range....I bet he has done a lot of simulation though!!

Yep top-loading works I reduced my loading coil inductance by about 4:1 but
there is a hell of a lot of wire up there. (capacitance increase from 180pF
to 850pF at about 6pF per metre) but it is not near the vertical.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
"With my technique, I reduce the inductive loading that is normally required
to resonate the antenna by as much as 75 percent . . . by utilizing the
distributed capacitance around the antenna," he explained.

"I looked at all the different approaches used to make antennas smaller, and
there seemed to be good and bad aspects" to each, Vincent said. "A helix
antenna is normally known to be a core radiator, because the current profile
drops off rapidly; they are just an inductor, and inductance does not like
to see changes in current, so it's going to buck that.

"What I found was that for any smaller antenna, if you place a load coil in
the middle you can normalize and make the current through the helix unity;
that is, you can maximize it and linearize it," he added.
======================================
These comments do not stack up with radiation resistance changes (necessry
to actually radiate more power) but LFers will know the effects of putting
capacitance around the aerial ...(trees, bushes, bean-poles, houses
etc)....and it is not to get a stronger signal at distance. We shall see. I
cant find the Patent No quoted anywhere.

The compression he achieves seems about the same as a mobile whip, and you
can work round the world on 21MHz mobile with a 1.5m whip and about
100watts....some have been doing it for years.

I am fascinated to know what the other "terminal" of his capacitance is
connected to!!

Or am I being too cynical? Results need to be repeated before they are
hailed as breakthroughs. The acceptance by a patent examiner is not
sufficient proof of this.
There may not be many perpertual motion machines getting through these days
but there seem to be plenty of other "strange science". Rhode Is Univ
(where??) will probably fight detractors as it seeks to pull in cash, the
finances overpowering the scientific method. As a physicist I am saddened. I
fear its another case of science by press release, cold fusion all over
again.

Cheers de Alan G3NYK



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Alexander S. Yurkov wrote:

>It seems funy EH-"antenna" realy works. But surface curent of a coax
>realy radiate, not "antenna" itself :-) Certanly it is not better then
>siple pice of wire :-)
>  
>
That's why the PVS proponents firmly refuse to carry scientifically 
controlled experiments
with a zero-length feed line... Read the x-field yahoo group for details.

>All "theorys" about "crossed fields" is a nonsence of cose...
>  
>
Yes, I forgot to mention Poynting as another "grave-spinner".... :-)

73  Alberto  I2PHD





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I hope his claims are backed up by serious properly calibrated range 
measurements - not just an "I worked Chile on 14MHz  so it must be good"  (or 
Scotland on 80m etc)

Andy  G4JNT


-----Original Message-----
From:	Alberto di Bene [SMTP:dibene@usa.net]
Sent:	2004/06/11 15:33
To:	rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject:	Re: LF: "Revolutionary antenna technology reduces size dramatically"

Another link is :
http://www.eetimes.com/at/news/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=21401977

Why do I smell a strong scent of EH-antenna ??? Poor Maxwell is
turning in his grave...

73  Alberto  I2PHD
-----------------------------------------

Fabian Kurz wrote:

>http://www.uri.edu/news/releases/?id=2659
>
>http://slashdot.org/articles/04/06/11/1222215.shtml?tid=126
>
>http://www.scienceblog.com/community/article2865.html
>
>
>
>
>




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Could it be all at the same time ? say 1000 Sunday? I'll monitor while
working on  TX. Need incoming sigs to improve ant.

Bryan G3GVB  Brighton area

----- Original Message -----
From: Tom Boucher <tom@telemetry.demon.co.uk>
To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: Friday, June 11, 2004 9:13 AM
Subject: Re: LF: Re: CQs on 136


> Sorry John, I've been concentrating on HF CW just lately but will make a
> determined attempt to get on 136 CW today (Friday) and Sunday.
>
> 73, Tom G3OLB
>
> In message <000001c44f35$29d82a70$8f208351@DerekAtter>, Derek Atter
> <datter@btinternet.com> writes
> >    John,
> >
> >    Don't despair! You are putting out a good signal into this neck of
> >    the woods with your new system -I have been hearing you regularly .
> >    My antenna system is down at the moment due to other activities but
> >    I hope to join you operating hand sent CW again ere long!!
> >
> >    73, de Derek Atter G3GRO , Crawley West Sussex
> >>       From: Frederick John Armstrong
> >>       To: lf group
> >>       Sent: Sunday, May 23, 2004 7:48 PM
> >>       Subject: LF: CQs on 136
> >
> >>       Hello again folks.
> >>
> >>       I have been sending copious cqs during the week and especially
> >>       today, Sunday, morning. No reports of being heard so I wonder
> >>       did anyone out there hear my signals I wonder?
> >>
> >>       I have made improvements to my antenna since I had contacts with
> >>       Jim M0BMU and Tom, G3OLB last weekend and thanks to you both for
> >>       the encouraging reports.
> >>
> >>       Since then I have put a second wire on the horizontal part to
> >>       increase the capacitance ans it made quite a difference to the
> >>       loading coil turns to achieve resonance with an increase in
> >>       antenna current. I have also increased the height of the top
> >>       wires to 50 ft so I did think I would be getting somewhere.
> >>       Maybe you were all outside enjoyong the sun and who could blame
> >>       you?
> >>
> >>       Will be continuing with the calls as and when I can so if you
> >>       hear me would you please report to me?
> >>
> >>       Thanks and 73 from John, G3JRL, Weymouth.
>
>
>



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 Hi, Alberto

On Fri, 11 Jun 2004, Alberto di Bene wrote:
> 
> Why do I smell a strong scent of EH-antenna ??? Poor Maxwell is
> turning in his grave...

It seems funy EH-"antenna" realy works. But surface curent of a coax
realy radiate, not "antenna" itself :-) Certanly it is not better then
siple pice of wire :-)

All "theorys" about "crossed fields" is a nonsence of cose...

73 de RA9MB/Alex
http://www.qsl.net/ra9mb




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<DIV>I just wish that there were some evidence that a lot of these "compact" 
antennae are little more than one half of a capacitor coupled to the rest of the 
universe!</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Have a nice weekend all</DIV>
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In a message dated 6/11/04 5:30:40 PM Eastern Daylight Time, 
Alan.Melia@btinternet.com writes:

> Or am I being too cynical?

No.

I guess with Rhode Island being the smallest state, the university needs any 
revenue stream it can whip up.  Center-loading an antenna...old news to us, 
cash cow to them.

It will be entertaining to see what, if anything, he can do at AM broadcast 
frequencies or below.  A kilowatt ought to produce pretty fireworks in 
something as compact as one of those articles claims for mediumwave.

John


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... seems I can stick to my universal Joy-Stick for some more time.... until you come up with some better proofs for the EH...


---
Jan-Martin, LA8AK

-----Original Message-----
From: owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
[mailto:owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org]On Behalf Of Alberto di Bene
Sent: 11. juni 2004 23:59
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: LF: Re: "Revolutionary antenna technology reduces size
dramatically"


Alexander S. Yurkov wrote:

>It seems funy EH-"antenna" realy works. But surface curent of a coax
>realy radiate, not "antenna" itself :-) Certanly it is not better then
>siple pice of wire :-)
>  
>
That's why the PVS proponents firmly refuse to carry scientifically 
controlled experiments
with a zero-length feed line... Read the x-field yahoo group for details.

>All "theorys" about "crossed fields" is a nonsence of cose...
>  
>
Yes, I forgot to mention Poynting as another "grave-spinner".... :-)

73  Alberto  I2PHD






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<DIV>Someone else giving away their age I think! Perhaps it's a "partridge" in 
an EH tree !</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Pat G4gvw</DIV></FONT></BODY></HTML>

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German Longwave Activity Day of the DARC District Württemberg</P><P>
Dear OMs  and LWLs,</P><P>like in the last year, the DARC association Hohenstaufen P41 is arranging the Longwave Activity Day of the DARC District Württemberg.
</P><P>Start:  18. th September 2004,  12.00 UTC</P><P>
End:    19, th September 2004, 12.00 UTC<
/P><P> </P><P>
Starting on Saturday afternoon at 12.00 UTC until Sunday 12.00 UTC it will be transmitted on the longwave frequency 136 kHz in CW, in the evening in the mode QRSS-CW.
</P><P>Our preferred frequencies: 
</P><P> </P><P>CW 136,50 kHz, QRSS-CW 137,70 kHz, qrss3 (one cw-dot lasts three seconds) QSK QSU (please reply exact on the used frequency). 
</P><P> </P><P>Transmitt operation is performed with the club call DK 0 UH and the operators call. Please QSL via bureau, please qsl to operator too.</P><P>Our Locator: JN48TM in D-72589 Westerheim, south of the City Goeppingen. Confirming operation (ZAP) is performed on HF 7021 kHz, the request is made on Longwave. 
</P><P>
IF-Bandwidth used is 100 Hz, Audio BW for QRSS will be about 100 Hz too.
</P><P> </P><P>Hans-Albrecht Haffa</P><P>DK 8 ND Chairman P41</P><P> </P><P>Klaus Ruoff</P><P>DK  SB Press Responsible</P><br><br><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"><tr><td bgcolor="#000000"><img src="http://img.web.de/p.gif" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" /></td></tr><tr><td style="font-family:verdana; font-size:12px; line-height:17px;">Verschicken Sie romantische, coole und witzige Bilder per SMS!&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>Jetzt neu bei WEB.DE FreeMail: <A HREF="http://freemail.web.de/?mc=021193"><B>http://freemail.web.de/?mc=021193</B></A>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td></tr></table></body></html>



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Frederick John Armstrong" <g3jrl@members.v21.co.uk>
To: "lf group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Date: Thu, 17 Jun 2004 19:56:44 +0100
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD>
<META content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" http-equiv=Content-Type>
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<BODY bgColor=#ffffff>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Hello all.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>I would like to thank those who kindly called me 
and gave reports last weekend. Also thanks to those who sent me 
e-mails.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>I wonder Bryan (G3GVB) if you did copy me on Sunday 
at 1000 as you suggested? I was on working others at that time.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Thank you Tom (G3OLB), Werner (ON6ND), Laurie 
G3AQC), Jeff PA0SE, Dick (F6BWO) for the fine qsos and reports all of which 
enabled me to assess the progress I had made, and need to make. Thanks to you 
Alan (G3NYK) for the reports and all the advice and your suggestions for the 
future experimentation. </FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Thanks to you Derek ( G3GRO) for your e-mail. Glad 
you have followed my progress and hope to have that qso with you 
soon.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>It was rather a pity that there was so much QRN 
which prevented perfect copy. Jeff, I think I was mean with my report to you as 
I really could copy a lot of what you sent to me and Werner. The QRN was S6 with 
me and I have noticed that it has increased gradually as I improved my antenna. 
Fairly obvious I guess. I do use my tuned and amplified loop antenna for 
reception placed so that it does not pick up local qrn but the main tx antenna 
is now inducing QRN into the loop so I guess maybe I should move the two apart 
if I can.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Further activity will be during the weekend as I 
try to improve what I have during the week between much gardening.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Thanks to you all and thanks for the interesting 
discussions I see on Reflector. My tx is based on G0MRF design so of course it 
has got me thinking how I should experiment with mine.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>73 From John, G3JRL.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV></BODY></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "G4WGT - Gary" <g4wgt@tiscali.co.uk>
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Hi to all at LF,

Just purchased a JRC NRD-345 receiver to replace my Yaesu FT-747GX
transceiver for LF reception (goes down to 10 Khz), the FT-747GX seemed to
always tied up with on LF so now along with the G0MRF LF Tx I have a
complete LF setup. It seems to operate very well & the frequency stability
is far superior to the FT-747GX & sensitivity to me seems to be quite good,
it just needs a narrow IF filter.

I now want to get hold of a circuit diagram (not that it needs any
attention) for reference etc. Can anyone tell me of a source of a technical
handbook or diagram for the JRC NRD-345 as the user handbook is very basic.

I haven't been too active LF wise as there has been a lot ot work to do
around the garden & house & I have been taking advantage of the good
weather.

73 to all.

Gary - G4WGT
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From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Laurence KL1X" <hellozerohellozero@hotmail.com>
To: lowfer@lwca.org,  rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org,  mcalevey@xtra.co.nz, 
 vernall@xtra.co.nz
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All HF link aerials are up and good qso pre dusk into ZL and Vk on 7Mhz - HF 
good back to Europe alos on 14/18Mhz

LF system running fine and K9AY running overnight on 137Khz -
Sighted my first square wave/dfcw on Hifer today but more research on freq 
needed to determine who it was....more on this later..

Its hotter than Heck but a really quiet location -= I can see some smpu from 
our expedition computers but the S meter refuses to budge off S1 on 137 save 
the occasional lightning crash far far away. logging dcf and 137.780 region 
overnight.

Sheri been calibrating dipoles for the NVIS x 5 radio links all day and if\s 
fed up with coax.....and tywraps.

Into Suva tomorrow morning for a press confernce - about a 45 minute white 
knuckle drive

LAurence Kl1X/3d2kl

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From: "Mike Dennison" <mike.dennison@ntlworld.com>
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Does anyone know of a UK source for earthing rods, 
preferably the screw-together type?

Mike, G3XDV
==========


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For those in this part of the world who may like to have a look, I have a
beacon running tonight from 0800 till 1200z for Laurence's benefit in Fiji.
It is on 137.800 kHz QRSS3.

Mike ZL4OL



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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD>
<META http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=US-ASCII">
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<DIV>Hi Mike,</DIV>
<DIV>have you tried any of the major electrical wholesalers eg Newey &amp; Eyre, 
Wholesale Fittings, etc.? Years ago people like BICC and AEI used to do them so 
it might also be worth enquiring of some of the big cable distributors.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Pat G4gvw&nbsp;</DIV></FONT></BODY></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Vernall" <vernall@xtra.co.nz>
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References: <5.2.0.9.2.20040519074411.01fa5ab8@pop.vianw.pt> <000501c44dfb$bdf38640$7a1686d4@erica>
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Hi all,

The Quartz Hill ZL6QH club station will be activated on LF this coming
Saturday night.  The usual 137.7890/137.7886 kHz DFCW120 QQQQQ... beacon
will run from before ZL sunset till after ZL sunrise, except for times
selected for:
1) attempting an LF/HF crossband QSO with 3D2KL, starting with DFCW60 (we
will adapt to conditions at the time)
2) attempting an LF SSB QSO with AX2TAR in VK7

The special call sign ZM2E will be used for the attempted QSOs.  We have yet
to finalise sked times for two-way contacts and further information will be
posted to the reflector nearer to the Saturday night.

For those not accustomed to seasons downunder, it is midwinter here.

73, Bob ZL2CA



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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 Internet search says: the following but I have no personal knowledge 

Bryan - G3GVB

 


Earthing Rods - UK suppliers


Bimex, Wednesbury, West Midlands
  

Britannia Lightning Prevectron Ltd, Calverton, Nottinghamshire
  

Cable Glands UK, Stretford, Lancashire
  

Daton Electrical Ltd, Warrington, Cheshire
  

Dehn (UK) Ltd, Meltham, West Yorkshire
  

F & L Accessories Ltd, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire
  

Furse, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire
  

Kingsmill Industries UK Ltd, Mansfield, Nottinghamshire
  

Lightning Consultants (UK) Ltd, Calverton, Nottinghamshire
  

Radio Structures Ltd, Northampton, Northamptonshire
  

Smith Electrical (a Groupe Sicame Co.), Glasgow, Lanarkshire
  

P. & B. Weir Electrical, Corsham, Wiltshire
  
 
----- Original Message ----- 
From: Mike Dennison <mike.dennison@ntlworld.com>
To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: Tuesday, June 22, 2004 9:50 AM
Subject: LF: Earth rods


> Does anyone know of a UK source for earthing rods, 
> preferably the screw-together type?
> 
> Mike, G3XDV
> ==========
> 
> 



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From: "Tracey Gardner" <tracey.gardner@ntlworld.com>
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 Mike

A quick "google" for, earth rod suppliers uk, produced this URL which lists
12 suppliers.

http://www.cjdirectory.com/product-2477326.html

73s Tracey


> Does anyone know of a UK source for earthing rods,
> preferably the screw-together type?
>
> Mike, G3XDV
> ==========
>



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Dear LF enthusiasts,

I assume to make beacons QRSS120:

June 23, 24, 25
abt 137.785 from 17z till 20z
abt 135.9225 from 20z till 2z

June 26
abt 135.9225 from 20z till 2z (June 27)

for 25 June 2004 at UA6L: Sunset 1715z and Sunrise 0140z

QTH-loc: KN97LN

73! Ed RU6LA  ed@dx.ru  http://136.73.ru



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Dear LF enthusiasts,

I have come back now from Machta (my LF TX/RX QTH) - SRI but I have not
received today fast access to shack near a tower ;-( The beacon today
will not be on 136kHz band - SRI

Time-table of mine beacons for next days is OK.
I shall be send "RU RU RU..." a plenty of time.

QTH nr TAGANGOG (nr Rostov-on-Don) QTH-loc: KN97LN
Tower is in heigh 135m and TX ANT on:
http://136.73.ru/ed/index.htm
(see "Equipment" and click pics)
The top point of TX ANT now at height 130? (not 125m)
Power is abt 100w output (abt 5...15w ERP)

73! Ed RU6LA  ed@dx.ru  http://136.73.ru



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From: "Laurence KL1X" <hellozerohellozero@hotmail.com>
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We are fully set up here in Pacific harbour for this weekends tests on LF - 
HF to ZL is a bit iffy at times on 7Mhz. Got Ed's freqs plumbed into the 
machine as well. Nothing from DCF39 - Im not suprised really. We will be 
moving to Beqa Island, South of Vira Levu on Monday morning at 0900 Local 
for a few days RNR, but will likely keep the receivers rolling on the 
station here at Pacific harbour on LF - Ill announce the freqs again for 
this later. no or little qrn here at the moment.

Havent been to the shack this morning to see if we have captured mike 
zl4ol...

Off for a snorkle now

Cheers

Laurence
rh91as (this is the right one!) Pacific harbour

_________________________________________________________________
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Hi all,

A mixture of LF events is planned for the Quartz Hill club station on
Saturday 26 June.  For most of the time we will have a DFCW120 beacon
running with the usual QQQQ.... identifier, frequencies 137.7890/137.7886
kHz.  ZL hours of darkness are between nominally 0452z to 2006z.  To assist
with weak signal identification, timing can also be used, as we will arange
for each Q to be synchronised with starting on the hour and each ten minutes
thereafter.  We expect that frequencies will be maintained within 0.1 Hz of
declared.  The beacon should be running from ZL sunset (so DX could be
possible in paths with an east component from about 0452z).

At 0900z we are breaking the beacon transmission so we can try for an LF SSB
QSO with Robert AX2TAR (in VK7).  How long that may take depends on how
propagation turns out and whether each station is functioning to
expectation.

At some time ZM2E will attempt an LF/HF crossband QSO with Laurence 3D2LF in
Fiji.  3D2LF can use the DFCW beacon as a propagation indicator, and we can
listen out on the 40 metre liaison frequency, so there is flexibility in
when the crossband QSO could be attempted (apart from at and after 0900z
when we will be on SSB looking for AX2TAR).

We will maximise our time with DFCW120 beacon transmission, and there should
be a continuous output over the latter part of the ZL night, to suit paths
with a west component into Europe (but admittedly it is a very long way).

Good luck to all who tune in.  Argo works well even when you are looking at
your eyelids :-)

73, Bob ZL2CA






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My apology to Laurence and for possibly causing confusion to others, the 3D2
call sign in my last message should have read 3D2KL.

73, Bob




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Thanks Bob

We had a strange signal appear this morning on 137.7 ish at 2210 z thursday 
when a cw sig appeared on the band, changed freqs by a number of 100's Hz 
then dissapereared - the signal had qsb but peaked s4. Wonder if anyone was 
testing - and yes it was daylight!

Laurence 3d2kl


>From: "Vernall" <vernall@xtra.co.nz>
>Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
>To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
>Subject: LF: Correction to call sign 3D2KL
>Date: Fri, 25 Jun 2004 14:02:45 +1200
>
>My apology to Laurence and for possibly causing confusion to others, the 
>3D2
>call sign in my last message should have read 3D2KL.
>
>73, Bob
>
>
>

_________________________________________________________________
Make the most of your family vacation with tips from the MSN Family Travel 
Guide! http://dollar.msn.com



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Alan Melia" <Alan.Melia@btinternet.com>
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Hi all, I offer  below, culled from the LWCA message board, a description of
an "improved" eathing system for LF.  To me this does not make sense, but
maybe I am missing something...any thoughts anywhere?? I can see that the
small inductance of the very short (45feet..14m) "radial" could "impede" the
passage of current collected at the remote ground spike, but I do not really
see what is happening. We may have to wait for the article to hear the full
measurement detail. I am worried that he has measured the soil conductivity
at 60Hz ....this has little relation to ground loss effects at 136 to
180kHz....though maybe if it drops at 60Hz it is somewhat better at 136 ??
---------------------------------
Hi Eric,
I'm working on an article for an upcoming LOWDOWN on the system, but
briefly, it goes like this; at the far end of EACH radial is a 4 or 8 ft
ground rod (most are 8') with a series capacitor between the radial end and
the ground rod. This capacitor is VERY important as it cancels out the XL of
the buried radial and really maximizes the available current in said
radial.Here, on a 45' radial(the longest) it requires a 0.047uF value. On
the 20 footers,(the shortest) it runs about 0.15 uF. The bad news is I have
134 radials!! Lots of expense and lots of exercise.(I LOVE to experiment)
Hope this info helps you. 73, Ed G.
-------------------------------

0.047nF resonates with 29uH at 136 and about 16uH at 180Khz....my belief is
that a short wire (less than a 1/4wave is capacitive not inductive at LF,
though a straight piece of insulated wire measured away from resonance will
have some inductance.

My though is if this really does work it could be helpful tho those with
short back gradens, but I worry that Ed may not have measured the aerial
system properly and could maybe be fooling himself (I've done it myself
before I started to use an RF bridge)

I am not trying to nit-pick on Ed's energetic works, but would like to ask
him the right questions (maybe suggest some different measurements) so that
we could, maybe, understand what is happening.

Cheers de Alan G3NYK
alan.melia@btintermnet.com




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You've changed his uF to nF.

Are the radials insulated ?

Are the radials grounded at the 'inboard' end?

If insulated and not inboard grounded then: IF a 45' buried wire is series
resonant with .047uF at 136 (which I doubt) then he has two quarter waves in
series fed at the centre and capacity coupled to earth at one end.[Ugh!] The
outer of the feeder coax not at earth potential ?

I wish someone cleverer than I would comment on the capacitance to earth of
buried wires (such capacitance is in parallel with his .047 and the effect
of the earth on buried  wires' inductance.

I wish Ed would tell us how he determined the 'resonance' of his radials

Like you I applaud his experimental energy but suspect the results may be
the esult of misleading measurements.

Bryan G3GVB




----- Original Message -----
From: Alan Melia <Alan.Melia@btinternet.com>
To: LF-Group <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: Saturday, June 26, 2004 12:19 AM
Subject: LF: Earthing systems


> Hi all, I offer  below, culled from the LWCA message board, a description
of
> an "improved" eathing system for LF.  To me this does not make sense, but
> maybe I am missing something...any thoughts anywhere?? I can see that the
> small inductance of the very short (45feet..14m) "radial" could "impede"
the
> passage of current collected at the remote ground spike, but I do not
really
> see what is happening. We may have to wait for the article to hear the
full
> measurement detail. I am worried that he has measured the soil
conductivity
> at 60Hz ....this has little relation to ground loss effects at 136 to
> 180kHz....though maybe if it drops at 60Hz it is somewhat better at 136 ??
> ---------------------------------
> Hi Eric,
> I'm working on an article for an upcoming LOWDOWN on the system, but
> briefly, it goes like this; at the far end of EACH radial is a 4 or 8 ft
> ground rod (most are 8') with a series capacitor between the radial end
and
> the ground rod. This capacitor is VERY important as it cancels out the XL
of
> the buried radial and really maximizes the available current in said
> radial.Here, on a 45' radial(the longest) it requires a 0.047uF value. On
> the 20 footers,(the shortest) it runs about 0.15 uF. The bad news is I
have
> 134 radials!! Lots of expense and lots of exercise.(I LOVE to experiment)
> Hope this info helps you. 73, Ed G.
> -------------------------------
>
> 0.047nF resonates with 29uH at 136 and about 16uH at 180Khz....my belief
is
> that a short wire (less than a 1/4wave is capacitive not inductive at LF,
> though a straight piece of insulated wire measured away from resonance
will
> have some inductance.
>
> My though is if this really does work it could be helpful tho those with
> short back gradens, but I worry that Ed may not have measured the aerial
> system properly and could maybe be fooling himself (I've done it myself
> before I started to use an RF bridge)
>
> I am not trying to nit-pick on Ed's energetic works, but would like to ask
> him the right questions (maybe suggest some different measurements) so
that
> we could, maybe, understand what is happening.
>
> Cheers de Alan G3NYK
> alan.melia@btintermnet.com
>
>
>
>



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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----- Original Message -----
From: Alan Melia <Alan.Melia@btinternet.com>
To: LF-Group <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: Saturday, June 26, 2004 12:19 AM
Subject: LF: Earthing systems


> Hi all, I offer  below, culled from the LWCA message board, a description
of
> an "improved" eathing system for LF.  To me this does not make sense, but
> maybe I am missing something...any thoughts anywhere?? I can see that the
> small inductance of the very short (45feet..14m) "radial" could "impede"
the
> passage of current collected at the remote ground spike, but I do not
really
> see what is happening. We may have to wait for the article to hear the
full
> measurement detail. I am worried that he has measured the soil
conductivity
> at 60Hz ....this has little relation to ground loss effects at 136 to
> 180kHz....though maybe if it drops at 60Hz it is somewhat better at 136 ??
> .....

Dear Alan, LF Group,

I tried some experiments along these lines a year or so ago, and can confirm
that the length of the wire connecting to the earth rods does indeed make a
lot of difference to the distribution of current. For a wire near ground
level connected to a ground spike at the far end, I reckoned that the
inductance was of the order of 1uH/m, and radials of the order of 10s of
metres long therefore have inductive reactance of the order of 10s of ohms -
comparable with the resistance of the ground rod - soil interface. The
result of this is that if you have numerous ground rods at different
distances from the feed point, the vast majority  of the ground current
flows through the few rods nearest the feed point, since the return path for
the antenna current through the ground has lower overall impedance than the
path through the longer radials.

This is one of the reasons why adding to the ground system does not make
much difference to the loss resistance of the antenna once you get past a
certain number of ground rods/radials - the more distant ground rods carry
very little current, and so make very little difference to the current paths
and losses. "Ed G"'s capacitors are one way to even up the impedance in the
different ground paths (if you assume 1uH/m, they come out about right at
180kHz) - I tried two other ways. One was to have a central connecting point
for all the ground rods under the centre of the antenna, connected via a
"bus" wire back to the (inverted L) feed point . The 12 ground rods were in
a rough circle, so current had to flow the same length of wire to get to any
ground rod. The other way was to add inductance in series with the shorter
ground connections to give them roughly the same impedance as the long ones.
(Note that in either case, the ground connection at the antenna is somewhat
above "earth" potential at RF, so an isolating transformer or common-mode
choke in the TX feed is needed to stop most of the current flowing in the
transmitter earth connection). Both techniques were succesful in producing
roughly equal current in all the ground rods, but the bad news was that, in
spite of trying several configurations, only about 10% reduction in antenna
loss was achieved (i.e. about 0.5dB improvement). I went back to the
original ground system of 6 rods within a couple of metres of the antenna
feed, because by now the garden was festooned in wires with ground rods
poking up everywhere! Looking in the literature, similar schemes for
producing even ground current distribution used to be popular for VLF
antennas in the 1920s and 30s, some with elaborate systems of "balancing
coils" and over-ground distribution wiring, and "multiple tuned" antennas,
but these seem to have been replaced later by very extensive buried radial
systems, which gave better performance with fewer maintenance problems.

As discussed on the reflector some time ago, and based on this and other
experiments, I came to the view that for typical amateur antennas, the
majority of the loss occurs as dielectric loss in the ground due to the
electric field of the antenna, instead of in the ground return path
resistance, as seems to be true of the larger professional LF and VLF
antennas. In order to reduce this significantly, there would have to be a
large enough number of radials to form an electrostatic screen between the
antenna and the lossy soil underneath. Maybe 134 radials is enough to
achieve this, but I think they would also have to be quite long in order to
intercept most of the electric field around the antenna. For Eu amateurs, I
think a more effective approach would be to increase the amount of top
loading capacitance, so reducing antenna voltage and dielectric loss - but
of course, the Lowfer part 15 regulations place severe limits on the amount
of wire in the antenna.

Cheers, Jim Moritz
73 de M0BMU


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Nothing was seen here overnight. Very noisy!

John Andrews, W1TAG



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Nothing here in Maryland also
de Lloyd W3NF
----- Original Message ----- 
From: "John Andrews" <w1tag@charter.net>
To: <lowfer@lwca.org>
Cc: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: Saturday, June 26, 2004 6:19 AM
Subject: LF: ZL Tests 26 June


> Nothing was seen here overnight. Very noisy!
> 
> John Andrews, W1TAG
> 



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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD>
<META http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
<META content="MSHTML 5.50.4807.2300" name=GENERATOR>
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<BODY bgColor=#ffffff>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Hi All</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Condx good at present to ZL on the lower 
freqs.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Just worked ZL4PO 559 each way also ZL1DD on 3505 
khz. CW. Condx could be good for 137 khz for those interested.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Good Luck</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>de Mal/G3KEV/Scarborough IO94SH</FONT></DIV>
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From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Laurence KL1X" <hellozerohellozero@hotmail.com>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org,  lowfer@lwca.org
Date: Sat, 26 Jun 2004 14:36:45 -0800
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We successfully conducted a 7Mhz/137Khz qso last night between 3d2kl/zm2e. 
LF Signals were strong from switch on and 1 hour before dusk in Fiji signals 
were too strong (!!). Speeds were slowed in the end to dot3 and straight CW 
mode as I had problems (mine!) reading the dfcw.  Now I realise I should 
have reduced rx/argo gains - Ill know better next time. Signals from ZM2E 
were 559, reports and they were having more difficulty with my 40m SSB 
signal! Signals continued to build until a test message at 15 wpm CW were 
fully 559 in Pacific harbour Fiji. More details later but an early test on 
LSB SSB from ZM2E to me here were unsuccessful - I had to go for food and 
wine early so Ive left the rx on and will look at the signals when I get to 
the shack (sending this from a coffee shop).

Nothing from Ed overnight - no sgn on DCf39 at all

This will be the last day I will look for Hifer signals as I will switch the 
rx to listen on LF for the next 5 days and nights whilst we are away on 
another island - ill centre the rx on XFX/XES/DCF39 and 137.8 areas and will 
review captures when I get back.

More later....

laurence 3d2kl


>From: "John Andrews" <w1tag@charter.net>
>Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
>To: <lowfer@lwca.org>
>CC: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
>Subject: LF: ZL Tests 26 June
>Date: Sat, 26 Jun 2004 11:19:58 +0100
>
>Nothing was seen here overnight. Very noisy!
>
>John Andrews, W1TAG
>
>

_________________________________________________________________
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From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Vernall" <vernall@xtra.co.nz>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
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Hi all,

The ZM2E beacon transmission from Quartz Hill went well from our point of
view, but it seems LF DX propagation was probably thinner than normal.

As Laurence 3D2KL has already reported, we had a successful crossband
137k/7M contact with him, including 15 wpm CW, even though it was fairly
early in the evening.  As Laurence reported good LF signal strength from the
DFCW120 beacon, we started the QSO with DFCW10, so any DX listeners in North
America with 120 second dot length setting would have been rather
compromised.  The QSO took place between 0550 and 0710z.

We were unsuccessful with trying to have an SSB contact with AX2TAR (in
VK7).  We tried from 0900 to 1000z, so there was no beacon during that hour.

The DFCW beacon ran for three sessions:
- from before ZL sunset till 0550z,
- then from 0710 till 0900z,
- then from 1000z till after ZL sunrise around 2000z.

The next booking for LF tests is the September equinox.

73, Bob ZL2CA




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Laurence KL1X" <hellozerohellozero@hotmail.com>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Date: Sat, 26 Jun 2004 20:33:40 -0800
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Now looking thru the overnite shots the peak from zm2e in 3d2 was just a 
couple of hours before dawn in Fiji  when the signal was huge - Im guessing 
a high S number and Im sure a SSB qso would have worked then (I was sleeping 
about a mile away!) - ill forward captures to bob and anyone else that want 
them. We saw the transmissions go off after dawn our time. Thanks Bob and 
crew.

Laurence 3d2kl -


>From: "Vernall" <vernall@xtra.co.nz>
>Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
>To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
>Subject: LF: ZM2E and ZL6QH operations
>Date: Sun, 27 Jun 2004 11:35:16 +1200
>
>Hi all,
>
>The ZM2E beacon transmission from Quartz Hill went well from our point of
>view, but it seems LF DX propagation was probably thinner than normal.
>
>As Laurence 3D2KL has already reported, we had a successful crossband
>137k/7M contact with him, including 15 wpm CW, even though it was fairly
>early in the evening.  As Laurence reported good LF signal strength from 
>the
>DFCW120 beacon, we started the QSO with DFCW10, so any DX listeners in 
>North
>America with 120 second dot length setting would have been rather
>compromised.  The QSO took place between 0550 and 0710z.
>
>We were unsuccessful with trying to have an SSB contact with AX2TAR (in
>VK7).  We tried from 0900 to 1000z, so there was no beacon during that 
>hour.
>
>The DFCW beacon ran for three sessions:
>- from before ZL sunset till 0550z,
>- then from 0710 till 0900z,
>- then from 1000z till after ZL sunrise around 2000z.
>
>The next booking for LF tests is the September equinox.
>
>73, Bob ZL2CA
>
>
>

_________________________________________________________________
>From ‘will you?’ to ‘I do,’ MSN Life Events is your resource for Getting 
Married. http://lifeevents.msn.com/category.aspx?cid=married



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Hi, Jim and Group

On Sat, 26 Jun 2004, James Moritz wrote:
> lot of difference to the distribution of current. For a wire near ground
> level connected to a ground spike at the far end, I reckoned that the
> inductance was of the order of 1uH/m, 

If we describe this inductance as inductance of shorted piece of guid line
we can easy get a formula:

L/l = (Zw/Zo)*mu0

where Zw is impedance of line, Zo is impedance of space (377 Ohm) and
mu0 is magnetic constant (1.26 uH/m). So Zw is about 300 Ohm. It is
reasonable (1/2 of impedance of line, wich consist of wire and its mirror
image in the ground)!

> systems, which gave better performance with fewer maintenance problems.
> 
> As discussed on the reflector some time ago, and based on this and other
> experiments, I came to the view that for typical amateur antennas, the
> majority of the loss occurs as dielectric loss in the ground due to the
> electric field of the antenna, instead of in the ground return path
> resistance, 

I have study this kind of loss (dielectric) theoreticaly. It much decrease
if one use elevated radials, not burred. But in this case seems 'ground'
system should be isolated good from real ground (it is worth!). Certanly
one should use a transformer to feed such an antenna (TX box is
connected to a ground usualy). Height of radials should be about 
0.5 - 1 m. Certanly this is reasonable only if there is no trees,
buildings and so on around an antenna.

Unfortunely I have no oportunity to do comprehensive experimental test of
this.

73 de RA9MB/Alex
http://www.qsl.net/ra9mb




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On Sun, 27 Jun 2004, Alexander S. Yurkov wrote:
> connected to a ground usualy). Height of radials should be about 
> 0.5 - 1 m. 

If there is no big grass! Or much more then grass height :-)
 
73 de RA9MB/Alex
 http://www.qsl.net/ra9mb



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From: "F6CWN" <f6cwn@tiscali.fr>
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD>
<META http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
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<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>27./06/2004&nbsp;&nbsp; 1533z</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>&nbsp;Hello LF'er,</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Any information about this station in CA 
?</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2><STRONG>164.900 KHz&nbsp; KLFB&nbsp; Sunnyvale, 
CA&nbsp; CM97&nbsp; AM Mode;music 7AM-11PM daily, <U>770 Hz tone other 
hours</U>.</STRONG></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2><A 
href="http://www.lwca.org/sitepage/part15/index-lf.htm">http://www.lwca.org/sitepage/part15/index-lf.htm</A></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><STRONG><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT></STRONG>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Maybe a good beacon for LF, though a little bit 
near" France Inter" in Europe...(162 KHz, 2MW in JN17)</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>73's: Jeff / F6CWN</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV></BODY></HTML>

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From: "John Andrews" <w1tag@charter.net>
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Jeff:

>164.900 KHz  KLFB  Sunnyvale, CA  CM97  AM Mode;music 7AM-11PM daily, 770
Hz tone other hours.<

This is not a commercial broadcast station. It is a 1-watt DC input station
operating under Part 15 of the FCC rules. I believe it has only been heard
in its immediate area. The "KLFB" call sign is not assigned by the FCC.

John Andrews, W1TAG



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In a message dated 6/27/04 2:28:44 PM Eastern Daylight Time, 
w1tag@charter.net writes:

> This is not a commercial broadcast station. It is a 1-watt DC input station
>  operating under Part 15 of the FCC rules. I believe it has only been heard
>  in its immediate area.

That is correct.  European LW broadcast stations are almost never heard in 
California, and even the Experimental Service licensees on 166kHz don't put much 
signal strength out there, so Ed Gelinas has a relatively signal-free 
environment for covering his neighborhood.  He has only operated it with amplitude 
modulation so far, but is considering operating it as a conventional Morse 
beacon during his "non-broadcast" hours later this year.

John Davis


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27./06/2004   2001z

Good afternoon John  Andrew

 Thank you very much for informations.
1Watt is a too low power to hope for receive something in Europe.
It is difficult for us to find a solid transmitter usable as beacon from
West.
If you have the faintest idea...Thank you again.

73: Jeff / F6CWN




----- Original Message -----
From: "John Andrews" <w1tag@charter.net>
To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: Sunday, June 27, 2004 5:27 PM
Subject: LF: Re: CA Broadcast TX, LF beacon?



> Jeff:
>
> >164.900 KHz  KLFB  Sunnyvale, CA  CM97  AM Mode;music 7AM-11PM daily, 770
> Hz tone other hours.<
>
> This is not a commercial broadcast station. It is a 1-watt DC input
station
> operating under Part 15 of the FCC rules. I believe it has only been heard
> in its immediate area. The "KLFB" call sign is not assigned by the FCC.
>
> John Andrews, W1TAG




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Hi,

On Sun, 27 Jun 2004, F6CWN wrote:

> 1Watt is a too low power to hope for receive something in Europe.
> It is difficult for us to find a solid transmitter usable as beacon from
> West.

I am making every effort to have my 2200m beacon copied in Europe this
coming winter.

As my QTH is just about dead center in the United States this is going to
be a huge challenge...for me, *and* for the intrepid individual that
actually manages to copy it!

Currently only operating at 110 watts I'm working on the G4JNT 700-watt
switcher that I'm planning to have on the air by 31/10.

I know that due to my land-locked location this may well be an exercise in
futility, but I'm going to give it my dead-level best shot.

73
Eric
http://www.nutstreet.net/xfx/


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27./06/2004   2020z

Thank you John Davis for the informations.
The use of le LF band is not easy to compare...
We must  persevere.  :o)
73: Jeff



----- Original Message -----
From: <WarmSpgs@aol.com>
To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: Sunday, June 27, 2004 7:06 PM
Subject: Re: LF: Re: CA Broadcast TX, LF beacon?


> In a message dated 6/27/04 2:28:44 PM Eastern Daylight Time,
> w1tag@charter.net writes:
>
> > This is not a commercial broadcast station. It is a 1-watt DC input
station
> >  operating under Part 15 of the FCC rules. I believe it has only been
heard
> >  in its immediate area.
>
> That is correct.  European LW broadcast stations are almost never heard in
> California, and even the Experimental Service licensees on 166kHz don't
put much
> signal strength out there, so Ed Gelinas has a relatively signal-free
> environment for covering his neighborhood.  He has only operated it with
amplitude
> modulation so far, but is considering operating it as a conventional Morse
> beacon during his "non-broadcast" hours later this year.
>
> John Davis
>



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "G4WGT - Gary" <g4wgt@tiscali.co.uk>
To: "Rsgb_Lf_Group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Date: Sun, 27 Jun 2004 21:41:42 +0100
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	Hi to all at LF,

	I have just aquired a JRC (Japan Radio Company Ltd) NRD-345 HF Receiver, I
would like to obtain a technical manual or 	circuit diagram for the receiver
as the user instruction manual is very basic.

	If anyone is able to supply, source or put me in touch with a supplier I
will be very pleased. My attempts via the 	internet have prooved fruitless.

	Please contact me via this refector or direct at :-

	g4wgt@tiscali.co.uk

	Regards

	Gary - G4WGT



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From: "Alan Melia" <Alan.Melia@btinternet.com>
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Hi Jeff, this is a bit of problem since our old friend CFH has been off air.
There are a number of military stations in the 120 to 150kHz range, but my
experience is that they generally clash with European staion frequencies. I
have remembered that there are other LF transmissions from Halifax NS that
used to be swamped by Rugby....I have not checked these since Rugby closed
down. I will have to dig out my list.

John W1TAG was being very coy as his 100 watt transmission has been copied
in Germany.

Regards Alan G3NYK
alan.melia@btinternet.com




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On the west coast of Canada there are two military stations at ~133.1KHz and
~76.2KHz. They do turn off from time to time; however, they are presently
operating in what seems to be a "tuning" mode...  Reports of these stations
would be interesting for both myself(VE7TIL) and Steve, VE7SL as we are both
authorized to operate on 2200m  and we are both geographically very close to
them... When they operate normally there they have a ~250-300Hz BW signal
that sounds like MSK heard much lower sent by the Americans in the 20KHz
band...

Scott


----- Original Message -----
From: "Alan Melia" <Alan.Melia@btinternet.com>
To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: Sunday, June 27, 2004 3:15 PM
Subject: LF: Re: CA Broadcast TX, LF beacon?


> Hi Jeff, this is a bit of problem since our old friend CFH has been off
air.
> There are a number of military stations in the 120 to 150kHz range, but my
> experience is that they generally clash with European staion frequencies.
I
> have remembered that there are other LF transmissions from Halifax NS that
> used to be swamped by Rugby....I have not checked these since Rugby closed
> down. I will have to dig out my list.
>
> John W1TAG was being very coy as his 100 watt transmission has been copied
> in Germany.
>
> Regards Alan G3NYK
> alan.melia@btinternet.com
>
>
>



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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27./06/2004   2310z

 Hello Eric!

 Great news, i'll try to receive your signal from my QTH in West coast of
France
( JN09TT ). In winter i thing that the propagation will be better...
My equipement at this time is a loop 2.15m (85")  5/8" heliax cable.
I'm working on a new preamplifier ( symmetrical to keep high Q of the
antenna ).
The kite antenna do not works ( 110m/ 360' AGL) on RX.
The problem  is the high noise level of QRM by LORAN, DCF39 and so on...
The second trouble is coming from the stability of the oscillator of the
receiver,
essential for a good running of the QRSS mode ( QRSS120).A stability
control
with GPS ( PPS) is under consideration ( breathing in W5OJM desing! ).
The transmit equipement is also under construction ( watter cooling) with
BSM191
from Siemens, i have some problems with input capacitor ( CIss)...
LF is not so easy!  :0)
We hope to receive your signal very soon Eric with the new 700 W equipment,
it's will be a great pleasure!

73
Jeff  F6CWN  ( also F6IFR during contest party)


---- Original Message -----
From: "Eric KD5UWL" <eric@willow.nutstreet.net>
To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: Sunday, June 27, 2004 8:23 PM
Subject: Re: LF: Re: Re: CA Broadcast TX, LF beacon?


> Hi,
>
> On Sun, 27 Jun 2004, F6CWN wrote:
>
> > 1Watt is a too low power to hope for receive something in Europe.
> > It is difficult for us to find a solid transmitter usable as beacon from
> > West.
>
> I am making every effort to have my 2200m beacon copied in Europe this
> coming winter.
>
> As my QTH is just about dead center in the United States this is going to
> be a huge challenge...for me, *and* for the intrepid individual that
> actually manages to copy it!
>
> Currently only operating at 110 watts I'm working on the G4JNT 700-watt
> switcher that I'm planning to have on the air by 31/10.
>
> I know that due to my land-locked location this may well be an exercise in
> futility, but I'm going to give it my dead-level best shot.
>
> 73
> Eric
> http://www.nutstreet.net/xfx/
>
>



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27./06/2004   2355z

Hello  Alan, Scott and the list,

 Thank you for the infos, very interesting in fact, this band is not so
empty, good!
On front of the receiver i use a bandpass filter ( Cheb.  .2 dB ripple, 11
KHz BW , 7 poles)
to reject part of "QRM", the mixer is a SRA8 from MCL, the LO is a 5 MHz
OCXO
and some MMIC in buffer. The IF is a FT847 with 300 Hz Xtal filter.
My main problem is that the loop antenna is ~120m (~390') from the station
and i pick up
some crazy thing by the braid of the coax cable... The new preamplifier (two
match U430 Siliconix)
and CV tune system is not finish at this present time. Give me some time, i
am a novice,
just escaped from VHF!

Very deepest 73: Jeff




----- Original Message -----
From: "Scott Tilley" <sthed475@telus.net>
To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: Sunday, June 27, 2004 10:37 PM
Subject: LF: Re: Re: CA Broadcast TX, LF beacon?


> On the west coast of Canada there are two military stations at ~133.1KHz
and
> ~76.2KHz. They do turn off from time to time; however, they are presently
> operating in what seems to be a "tuning" mode...  Reports of these
stations
> would be interesting for both myself (VE7TIL) and Steve, VE7SL as we are
both
> authorized to operate on 2200m  and we are both geographically very close
to
> them... When they operate normally there they have a ~250-300Hz BW signal
> that sounds like MSK heard much lower sent by the Americans in the 20KHz
> band...
>
> Scott
>
>
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: "Alan Melia" <Alan.Melia@btinternet.com>
> To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
> Sent: Sunday, June 27, 2004 3:15 PM
> Subject: LF: Re: CA Broadcast TX, LF beacon?
>
>
> > Hi Jeff, this is a bit of problem since our old friend CFH has been off
> air.
> > There are a number of military stations in the 120 to 150kHz range, but
my
> > experience is that they generally clash with European staion
frequencies.
> I
> > have remembered that there are other LF transmissions from Halifax NS th
at
> > used to be swamped by Rugby....I have not checked these since Rugby
closed
> > down. I will have to dig out my list.
> >
> > John W1TAG was being very coy as his 100 watt transmission has been
copied
> > in Germany.
> >
> > Regards Alan G3NYK
> > alan.melia@btinternet.com
> >
> >
> >
>
>



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From: "John Andrews" <w1tag@charter.net>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
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Subject: LF: Re: Re: Re: CA  Broadcast TX, LF beacon?
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Jeff,

If CFH returns, it will likely be on 137.000. You will know it by the loud
groans from over here, and the cheering from Alan!

There is no other continuous high power source from the U.S. near the 137
kHz band. There will be more experimental stations on the air by next
winter, though, so stay tuned. My operation is intermittent, but I try to
give advance notice on this mail list if conditions look good.

John Andrews, W1TAG/WD2XES
WD2XES Status: http://webpages.charter.net/w1tag/




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From: "Scott Tilley" <sthed475@telus.net>
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Subject: LF: The signal on 133.1KHz...
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--------------090305050105010903090008
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<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>For anyone interested here's a 'small'&nbsp;image 
that says it all about the signal on 133.1KHz.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2><IMG alt="" hspace=0 
src="cid:001501c45cc4$6ad36200$0201a8c0@private.network" align=baseline 
border=0></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>I believe the signal is coming from the Canadian 
Naval base at Esquimalt,BC, Canada(west coast NA).&nbsp; My RX was centered on 
133.1KHz in CW mode which implies that 800Hz in the image = 133.1KHz.&nbsp; The 
deep null noted ~675Hz has been there since the signal stopped modulating a 
couple of weeks back.&nbsp; The 'new' signal on ~76.2KHz looks exactly the 
same.&nbsp; Normally this station runs with some kind of MSK? and turns off 
completely maybe once every week or two for a day or so. However, of late they 
seem to be playing with it as the above has been the only signal sent for a 
couple of weeks now.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Any reports of the reception of this signal would 
be of great interest to me and Steve, VE7SL.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>LowFER 'TIL' is now off and being modified for 
2200m operation.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>73</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Scott, VE7TIL</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Check the status of radio beacon 'TIL' at:<BR><A 
href="http://www.scottboxx.com/radio">www.scottboxx.com/radio</A><BR></DIV></FONT></BODY></HTML>

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Subject: LF: Re: The signal on 133.1KHz...
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Scott,

I can confirm that the signals on 133.1 and 76.2 both began to fade around
1215z and are completely gone at 1230z so it looks like they come from your
part of the world. Do you have any details of those stations?

Mike ZL4OL



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From: "Scott Tilley, VE7TIL" <sthed475@telus.net>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
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No details yet... However, Steve and I may do a "field trip" soon to figure 
out what they're all about...

Scott



Quoting McAlevey <mcalevey@xtra.co.nz>:

> Scott,
> 
> I can confirm that the signals on 133.1 and 76.2 both began to fade around
> 1215z and are completely gone at 1230z so it looks like they come from your
> part of the world. Do you have any details of those stations?
> 
> Mike ZL4OL
> 
> 
> 






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References: <001501c45c62$5f3b78e0$de4124d5@jeff> <000a01c45c6c$0863d440$4f86fea9@maine> <000f01c45c82$e343ed00$244024d5@jeff> <003501c45ca5$9ab61540$0500a8c0@charter.net>
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28./06/2004   2323z

Hello John and the list,

 Thank you for all info about CFTH    [137.000 / 20 kW... ]
 After some surf on the net, i understand now the "loud groans".
 :0)

73: Jeff / F6CWN



----- Original Message -----
From: "John Andrews" <w1tag@charter.net>
To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: Monday, June 28, 2004 12:19 AM
Subject: LF: Re: Re: Re: CA Broadcast TX, LF beacon?


> Jeff,
>
> If CFH returns, it will likely be on 137.000. You will know it by the loud
> groans from over here, and the cheering from Alan!
>
> There is no other continuous high power source from the U.S. near the 137
> kHz band. There will be more experimental stations on the air by next
> winter, though, so stay tuned. My operation is intermittent, but I try to
> give advance notice on this mail list if conditions look good.
>
> John Andrews, W1TAG/WD2XES
> WD2XES Status: http://webpages.charter.net/w1tag/
>
>
>
>



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Dear LF enthusiasts,

the RU6LA's beacons were made:
- by night of June 24-25 the beacon did not make - there was a rain with
strong and dangerous lightnings.
- 25 and June 26 the beacon did according to the time-table. The current
in the aerial was 2.4-2.8A (during a rain 2-2.2A)
Any successful rpts from ZLs, Laurence(3D2KL), NA or SA has not received.

June 26 I tried to RX a beacon ZM2E - without success - very strong
local QRN.

I plan to make beacons (one or two night) in July, August and September
during good indexes (Kp, Dst) - see Alan's G3NYK page:
http://www.alan.melia.btinternet.co.uk/latest.htm#Latest%20Propagation%20Report

73! Ed RU6LA  ed@dx.ru  http://136.73.ru



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Can anyone point me at a design for a linear amplifier 
suitable for running data modes such as PSK08 or WOLF?

Thanks

Mike, G3XDV
===========



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Mike,

Dave (G0MRF) has a 250W linear amp design, but I just noticed that his 
homepage ( http://www.g0mrf.freeserve.co.uk/lf.htm ) is "dead".
Does anyone know if his homepage moved to a new URL ?

73, Rik ON7YD

At 10:06 29/06/2004 +0100, you wrote:
>Can anyone point me at a design for a linear amplifier
>suitable for running data modes such as PSK08 or WOLF?
>
>Thanks
>
>Mike, G3XDV
>===========



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Mike,

> Can anyone point me at a design for a linear amplifier
> suitable for running data modes such as PSK08 or WOLF?

Not many seem to be doing this any longer, but an audio power amplifier is a
possibility. I'm using an unmodified Hafler P3000 amp at the 200 watt level.
Picked it up from eBay at considerably less than the new price. I confess to
not having made any linearity measurements, though, and it's possible that
the thing is less than perfect.

I haven't gone beyond 100 watts in the continuous key-down modes, partly out
of respect for the present output transformer and low pass filter. All of
the bits are here for heftier versions of both, and they should be ready for
the next season. I do have two small fans blowing air through the amp's heat
sinks, and that makes a big difference.

John Andrews, W1TAG/WD2XES




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Subject: Re: LF: Linear amp?
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Mike, you may not need a linear amplifier, the 5501
coped admirably with 1 second BPSK though I would
not vouch for the low level of sidebands generated.
Brian CT1DRP


At 09:06 29/06/2004, you wrote:
>Can anyone point me at a design for a linear amplifier
>suitable for running data modes such as PSK08 or WOLF?
>
>Thanks
>
>Mike, G3XDV
>===========




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<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Hi All</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>LF bands still good for dx. ZL4PO is a good signal 
every evening here on 3506 khz. Have worked him 3 nights in succession, replied 
to his CQ. Its possible condx on 137 khz are also good. QRN at this time of year 
could be a problem for some.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>73 de Mal/G3KEV</FONT></DIV>
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*****************************************************

Dave (G0MRF) has a 250W linear amp design, but I just noticed that his
homepage ( http://www.g0mrf.freeserve.co.uk/lf.htm ) is "dead".
Does anyone know if his homepage moved to a new URL ?

73, Rik ON7YD

*****************************************************

Hi Rik,

I remembered a comment David made recentlty after returning from the 3B9C
expedition, here is his e-mail from that time. This may be the reason.

Regards

Gary - G4WGT.

In a message dated 5/13/04 10:32:46 PM GMT Daylight Time,
we0h@genesiswireless.us writes:

Can anyone tell me the address to David's website? The old address doesn't
work anymore.

Mike
WE0H
WD2XGI


Sorry,

Wanado has taken over my old ISP freeserve and they 'wiped' my account while
I was away at 3B9C.

I'm talking to them and also trying to find something more reliable like
g0mrf.com or org etc.

If you need something in particular let me know.

73

David  G0MRF

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Can anyone who has programmed this module from first principles help??

I'm trying to write some code to communicate with the Connexant Jupiter T GPS 
module, as used in the simple GPS Disciplined Oscillator mentioned on these 
reflectors recently.  It isn't necessary to 'talk' to the module for the GPSDO 
to work, but I want to to be able to do this in order to add GPS validity 
checking, and get a diplay of time and location from the NMEA string.  The 
problem is this :

I have an RS232 connection set up, the flash boot mssage appears on the display 
so I know the serial link is working.   I can generate (what I think are) the 
correct binary values and checksums to send to the module, but there is no 
acknowledgement at all from it - just appears deaf and dumb.

If anyone has managed to communicate with one of these, can I have a look at 
either your source code or at least an exact set of values to send to the 
module to ellicit some response.

Ultimately, all I need to do is to send it the correct data needed to output 
NMEA data so it sends the GPSRMC string once per second, so all my existing PIC 
software can read the data it wants.

Andy  G4JNT



