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From: "Alberto di Bene" <dibene@usa.net>
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Alan Melia wrote:

>anyone for parts in
>10^13 ??
>  
>
Hmmm, so imprecise ?  I thought Hydrogen Masers could go up to 10^15 ....
must be a discarded item that didn't pass the Production Quality 
tests.... :-)

73  Alberto  I2PHD






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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
  <title></title>
</head>
<body>
Oliveira Savimbi wrote:
<blockquote type="cite" cite="midE18IC3O-0002qi-00@post.thorcom.com"><font
 size="2" color="#000000" face="Courier New"> 
  <div></div>
  <div>&nbsp; My name is Oliveira Chuli Savimbi, I am a nephew and Personal Assistant
to Late Jonas Malheiro Savimbi, leader of UNITA (National Union for the Total
Independence of Angola).&nbsp;</div>
  <div></div>
 </font> </blockquote>
<br>
Ah, finally a change.... I was annoyed by all those messages coming from
Nigeria... this time <br>
the treasury is in Angola.... who knows, maybe this time he says the truth...
:-) &nbsp; :-)<br>
<br>
73 &nbsp;Alberto &nbsp;I2PHD<br>
<br>
</body>
</html>

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From: "Ian Kyle" <ian.gi8ayz@virgin.net>
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Just confirming Lauries posting about todays QSO. M reports exchanged, tho'
Laurie started at O and gradually went down during the exchanges.

Will be on Sunday 0900z for sked with Peter, but due to do GB2RS at 1030z so
there will not be much chance to make a morning of it.

Lots of fun with flames in the cable duct but it all came right in the end.

73 de,

Ian MI0AYZ/GI8AYZ



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From: "Alan Melia" <Alan.Melia@btinternet.com>
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Hi all, ever wondered what a Cesium Clock was...... or how a Rubidium
standard worked.....why do crystals "age".....  ??
It's all explained now....I found an old copy of an NBS Tutorial (dated
1977) which covers all these and many more interesting facets of Time and
Frequency standards. I have scanned it and made it available as a .PDF file
in two parts, which can be downloaded from the index page of my web site. It
even covers the 2003 "must have" the Hydrogen Maser....anyone for parts in
10^13 ??

Cheers de Alan G3NYK
alan.melia@btinternet.com
http://www.alan.melia.btinternet.co.uk




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From: "John Andrews" <w1tag@charter.net>
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E-mail message contentRichard,

>Must have assumed that anyone on 136kHz has more money than sense.
>Richard Newstead, G3CWI

Hey, that message was "strictly private." Should we be talking about it? <g>

John Andrews, W1TAG




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From: "Richard Newstead" <g3cwi@tesco.net>
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Must have assumed that anyone on 136kHz
has more money than sense&#8230;</span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>73</span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

<div>

<p class=MsoAutoSig><font size=3 color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span
 lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;color:navy'>Richard Newstead</span></font><font
color=navy><span lang=EN-GB style='color:navy'>, G3CWI</span></font></p>

<p class=MsoAutoSig><font size=3 color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;color:navy'>Buy and sell&nbsp; ham gear online at
The Amazing Online Flea Market </span></font></p>

<p class=MsoAutoSig><font size=3 color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;color:navy'>http://www.qsl.net/g3cwi</span></font></p>

</div>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'>-----Original Message-----<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>From:</span></b>
owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org [mailto:owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org] <b><span
style='font-weight:bold'>On Behalf Of </span></b>Oliveira Savimbi<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> </span></font><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'>30 November
 2002</span></font><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma'> </span></font><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span
 style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'>19:09</span></font><font size=2
face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'><br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> LF: Strictly Private.</span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

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<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=2 color=black
face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";
color:black'>Good Day,<br>
&nbsp;<br>
With warm heart I offer my friendship, </span></font><font size=2 color=navy
face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";
color:navy'>etc etc</span></font></p>

</div>

</div>

</body>

</html>

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Loop Enthusiasts,

It's ironic that a came back to work during my vacation to gain access to
this reflector to report a TX loop problem involving Q and find this Q =
500/D equation being discussed.  

First here is some hard data for my 50ft X 50ft .62" OD Cu pipe loop 6ft
above ground at the lowest point that indicates this equation is way off. 

Loop Perimeter = 200ft

Rac total at 185k (dry soil) = 0.38 ohms

Derived Rac for conductor based on skin effect = 0.16 ohms

Assumed ground loss (dry soil) = 0.22 ohms

Inductance = 95uh

Derived Q at 185k (dry soil) = 290

Loop current at 1W (dry soil) = 1.6A


Now here's the problem that I need some help on: I built a test loop with an
80ft perimeter from 0.88"OD Cu pipe that can be raised to 25ft (lowest leg)
in order to derive a ground loss equation. The calculated Rac for the loop
alone, based on skin effect, is 0.05 ohms. The measured Rdc for the loop is
0.015 ohms and the inductance is ~30uh. At 1 foot off the ground the loop
Rac measures 0.15 ohms. At any distance greater than 3ft the Rac measures no
less than 0.13 ohms!!

Thinking that the problem was with the Rac meter (home brewed), I built a
test coil comprised of 2mm Litz wound on a 4" form that has a 0.045 ohm Rdc.
The coil measures 0.060 ohm on the Rac meter which is close to what I
estimated. Therefore, I believe the problem is not in the measurement
technique.

So the question is: Why can't I get an Rac reading for a loop based on
applied voltage and resulting current that is close to the skin effect
resistance of the loop conductor?? Here's a list of possibilities:

1. The 16 tin-lead solder joints could have a high Rac at 185k in spite of
the Rdc = 0.015 ohms. I suppose I could invest in 80 continuous feet of .75"
copper tubing @ ~$100, or braze the joints. I can easily build a loop of the
same dimensions from 2mm Litz and see if the results are similar. 
2. The surroundings could have an effect. Will move farther from the house
(currently 20ft) and note the effect.
3. There could be some theoretical issues I have not taken into account
having nothing to with a loop antenna but relating to coil Q, Rac, proximity
effect, etc. 

Other thoughts: There could be 185k E/H radiation (aside from the magnetic
field) that is reflected off the lossy ground and back to the loop as an
additional Rac loss. The distance to the ground is so small relative to a
wavelength that a loop elevation change from 3ft to 25ft would see no Rac
change.

Thoughts PLEASE.

Bill A 



   



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From: "Oliveira Savimbi" <olivsav@netscape.net>
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<DIV>
Good Day,<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
With warm heart I offer my friendship, and greetings, and I hope this mail meets you in good time. However strange or surprising this contact might seem to you, as we have not met personally or had any dealings in the past, I humbly ask that you take due consideration of its importance and immense benefit. I also sincerely seek your confidence in this transaction, which I propose to you as a person of integrity.</DIV>
<DIV>
&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>
First and foremost I wish to introduce myself properly to you. My name is Oliveira Chuli Savimbi, I am a nephew and Personal Assistant to Late Jonas Malheiro Savimbi, leader of UNITA (National Union for the Total Independence of Angola). As led by my instinct, I selected your email address from an internet directory, in my search for a partner, hence this proposal. </DIV>
<DIV>
&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>
My Uncle(Mentor) was killed in a battle with government forces of Angola, led by President Dos Santos, on Friday 22nd February 2002. After his death, Mr. Antonio Dembo who was his second in command, assumed office as leader of UNITA, due to lack of the Charisma my Uncle had carried the party with in Dembo, there was chaos and struggle for leadership. Prominent members like Carlos Morgado lobbied to depose him and assume office as leader to enrich themselves and some of them who saw me as a threat to their ambitions, including Mr.Dembo, planned to kill me. The tension and confusion in UNITA become uncontrollable when Mr. Dembo died 10days after my Uncle's death. As I lost my mentor in this struggle which has been on for three decades now, not so much of this struggle interests me anymore, as there is now no sense of direction. I now desire a peaceful life, as I am no more interested in conflicts and wars. For this reason, I secretly left Angola and came here (Holland) to seek
 political asylum.</DIV>
<DIV>
&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>
I am sincerely proposing to you to render me your highly needed assistance in respect to safekeeping of some of my Uncle's money that arose from Diamonds sales. This money (US$18.5million), which was already on its way to my Uncle's Swiss Bank account, through the Diplomatic means we use to move money abroad, and was on transit with a private safe deposit security company here in Amsterdam, Holland in February when the tragic incident of my Uncle's death occurred. I then instructed the company to secure the consignment containing the money pending on further instructions from me. I have waited for sometime now for security reasons, and have now deicded to act with your reliable assistance. As a matter of fact, the reason I came to Holland and sought for political asylum here is the safe deposit. </DIV>
<DIV>
&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>
President Dos Santos has lobbied the International Community to freeze my Uncle's assets and accounts abroad, to ground UNITA, and has already done this in Angola. Hence I cannot lodge the funds in my name. Also I did not declare the funds to the here.</DIV>
<DIV>
&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>
I plan to use this money to safeguard my future. It is very essential that you understand that the kind of trust and confidence I want to put in you is extraordinary, and an act of desperation on my part, in order not to lose this money. Also, ensure that this contact with you should be treated with utmost secrecy.</DIV>
<DIV>
&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>
Your role in this project, is clearing the safety deposit containing the money which is deposited in my name, from the Security company, after which, the money will lodged into an account preferably a new account you should open for this transaction. My share of the money will be returned to me when my asylum application in this country is granted, and I have permission to do business and open an account here. </DIV>
<DIV>
&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>
For your reliable assistance, I will reward you with 15%($2,775,000) of the money. </DIV>
<DIV>
&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>
I have with me, the Certificate of Deposit for the consignment containing the funds, which will be used for claim from the security company, and the release codes of the vaults. Also, everything will be legally processed for transfer of ownership to you, and this transaction should be completed immediately depending on your prompt response.</DIV>
<DIV>
I thank you in advance as I anticipate your assistance in enabling me achieve this goal. </DIV>
<DIV>
&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>
Please contact me whether or not you are interested in assisting me. This will enable me scout for another partner in the event of non-interest on your part.</DIV>
<DIV>
&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>
Sincerely,<BR>
O.C.Savimbi.</DIV>
</FONT>
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From: =?iso-8859-1?Q?Jos=E9_Manuel?= <jpradoe@nexo.es>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
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<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Hi All again:</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Note about TCXO and DTCXO.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>73, José - EA1PX</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2><A 
href="http://www.temex-components.com/temex/technote/dctcxo.html">http://www.temex-components.com/temex/technote/dctcxo.html</A></FONT></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE 
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
  <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message ----- </DIV>
  <DIV 
  style="BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; FONT: 10pt arial; font-color: black"><B>From:</B> 
  <A title=MarkusVester@aol.com 
  href="mailto:MarkusVester@aol.com">MarkusVester@aol.com</A> </DIV>
  <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B> <A title=rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org 
  href="mailto:rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org">rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org</A> 
  </DIV>
  <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B> Saturday, November 30, 2002 2:33 
  PM</DIV>
  <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B> Re: LF: Osc drift (TCXO)</DIV>
  <DIV><BR></DIV><FONT face=arial,helvetica><FONT lang=2 face=Arial size=2 
  FAMILY="SANSSERIF">Hi,<BR><BR>In a message dated 11/29/02 7:03:23 PM GMT 
  Standard Time, <A href="mailto:blanch@pncl.co.uk">blanch@pncl.co.uk</A> 
  writes: <BR>
  <BLOCKQUOTE 
  style="PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px" 
  TYPE="CITE"><BR>Layout of the IIG oscillator/synthesizer board is quite 
    different from the <BR>II, also the TCXO for the IIG is much bigger and a 
    different part number. <BR>The TCXO for the II is claimed to be a 
    "numerically-controlled" type, that <BR>for the IIG is not. Does anyone know 
    the difference? I thought all tcxo's <BR>were just thermistor-controlled 
    varactor diodes in series with the crystal. </BLOCKQUOTE><BR><BR>I think the 
  idea of a numerically-controlled TCXO is having an internal ADC digitizing the 
  NTC voltage, convert it in a calibrated nonvolatile lookup-table and then use 
  a DAC for the varicap. Depending on digital resolution, this concept can be 
  prone to a stepwise response to gradual temperature changes, possibly 
  resulting in a sawtooth FM pattern.<BR><BR>73<BR>Markus, 
DF6NM<BR></BLOCKQUOTE></FONT></FONT></BODY></HTML>

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From: =?iso-8859-1?Q?Jos=E9_Manuel?= <jpradoe@nexo.es>
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References: <79.330d526.2b19fe66@aol.com>
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<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Hi All:</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Received Laurie´s signals this morning, on 71.75 
KHz-QRSS3, starting at 9:04 and ending at 9:56 UTC with "73 SK". The signals 
were weaker than some weeks ago at the same time.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>73 de José, EA1PX - loc IN53TI</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE 
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
  <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message ----- </DIV>
  <DIV 
  style="BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; FONT: 10pt arial; font-color: black"><B>From:</B> 
  <A title=G0MRF@aol.com href="mailto:G0MRF@aol.com">G0MRF@aol.com</A> </DIV>
  <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B> <A title=rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org 
  href="mailto:rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org">rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org</A> 
  </DIV>
  <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B> Saturday, November 30, 2002 12:43 
  PM</DIV>
  <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B> Re: LF: Re. 73KHz activity</DIV>
  <DIV><BR></DIV><FONT face=arial,helvetica><FONT size=2>In a message dated 
  11/30/02 11:01:51 AM GMT Standard Time, <A 
  href="mailto:laurie@g3aqc.freeserve.co.uk">laurie@g3aqc.freeserve.co.uk</A> 
  writes: <BR><BR><BR>
  <BLOCKQUOTE 
  style="PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px" 
  TYPE="CITE">Valid QRSS3 contact with Ian MIOAYZ this morning.Reports "M" 
    both ways. <BR>Had Ant. problem at first,I had to go outside (in pyjamas) to 
    clear <BR>insulators. <BR>Signal dropped to"T" at end about 0945 so guess 
    earlier start required in <BR>future. <BR>Thanks Ian for QSO glad to meet 
    you on LF. <BR>73 Laurie. <BR><BR><BR></FONT><FONT lang=0 face=Arial 
    color=#000000 size=3 FAMILY="SANSSERIF"></BLOCKQUOTE><BR></FONT><FONT lang=0 
  face=Arial color=#000000 size=2 FAMILY="SANSSERIF"><BR>Well done Laurie and 
  Ian. <BR><BR>Depending on Ian's exact location, this may be a new 2 way 
  record. <BR><BR>David &nbsp;&nbsp;G0MRF</FONT> 
</FONT></BLOCKQUOTE></BODY></HTML>

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<HTML><FONT FACE=arial,helvetica><FONT  SIZE=2 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="2">Hi,<BR>
<BR>
In a message dated 11/29/02 7:03:23 PM GMT Standard Time, blanch@pncl.co.uk writes: <BR>
<BLOCKQUOTE TYPE=CITE style="BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px"><BR>
Layout of the IIG oscillator/synthesizer board is quite different from the <BR>
II, also the TCXO for the IIG is much bigger and a different part number. <BR>
The TCXO for the II is claimed to be a "numerically-controlled" type, that <BR>
for the IIG is not. Does anyone know the difference? I thought all tcxo's <BR>
were just thermistor-controlled varactor diodes in series with the crystal. </BLOCKQUOTE><BR>
<BR>
 I think the idea of a numerically-controlled TCXO is having an internal ADC digitizing the NTC voltage, convert it in a calibrated nonvolatile lookup-table and then use a DAC for the varicap. Depending on digital resolution, this concept can be prone to a stepwise response to gradual temperature changes, possibly resulting in a sawtooth FM pattern.<BR>
<BR>
73<BR>
Markus, DF6NM<BR>
</FONT></HTML>

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<HTML><FONT FACE=arial,helvetica><FONT  SIZE=2>In a message dated 11/30/02 11:01:51 AM GMT Standard Time, laurie@g3aqc.freeserve.co.uk writes:
<BR>
<BR>
<BR><BLOCKQUOTE TYPE=CITE style="BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px">Valid QRSS3 contact with Ian MIOAYZ this morning.Reports "M" both ways.
<BR>Had Ant. problem at first,I had to go outside (in pyjamas) to clear
<BR>insulators.
<BR>Signal dropped to"T" at end about 0945 so guess earlier start required in
<BR>future.
<BR>Thanks Ian for QSO glad to meet you on LF.
<BR>73 Laurie.
<BR>
<BR>
<BR></FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" SIZE=3 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="0"></BLOCKQUOTE>
<BR></FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="0">
<BR>Well done Laurie and Ian.
<BR>
<BR>Depending on Ian's exact location, this may be a new 2 way record.
<BR>
<BR>David &nbsp;&nbsp;G0MRF</FONT></HTML>

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<HTML><FONT FACE=arial,helvetica><FONT  SIZE=2>In a message dated 11/29/02 7:03:23 PM GMT Standard Time, blanch@pncl.co.uk writes:
<BR>
<BR>
<BR><BLOCKQUOTE TYPE=CITE style="BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px">
<BR>Layout of the IIG oscillator/synthesizer board is quite different from the 
<BR>II, also the TCXO for the IIG is much bigger and a different part number. 
<BR>The TCXO for the II is claimed to be a "numerically-controlled" type, that 
<BR>for the IIG is not. Does anyone know the difference? I thought all tcxo's 
<BR>were just thermistor-controlled varactor diodes in series with the crystal.
<BR>
<BR></FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" SIZE=3 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="0"></BLOCKQUOTE>
<BR></FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="0">
<BR>There is a remote possibility that you may have a PLL frequency synthesiser and not a crystal at the frequency that you think.
<BR>I recently tried to buy a crystal oscillator module at 70 something MHz only to be told that they were OK for everything except demanding communication applications.
<BR>It appears that they frequently have a standard PLL module and just programme it for whatever frequency the customer wants. It's then sold as an Oscillator module, which does contain a crystal, it's just the reference xtal for the internal PLL.
<BR>That may go some way to explain the jitter.......or not as the case maybe.
<BR>
<BR>73
<BR>
<BR>David &nbsp;G0MRF &nbsp;&nbsp;www.g0mrf.freeserve.co.uk</FONT></HTML>

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From: "Laurie Mayhead" <laurie@g3aqc.freeserve.co.uk>
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Valid QRSS3 contact with Ian MIOAYZ this morning.Reports "M" both ways.
Had Ant. problem at first,I had to go outside (in pyjamas) to clear
insulators.
Signal dropped to"T" at end about 0945 so guess earlier start required in
future.
Thanks Ian for QSO glad to meet you on LF.
73 Laurie.



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testing 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Laurie Mayhead" <laurie@g3aqc.freeserve.co.uk>
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Ian and all,
Sorry I have a major insulation breakdown on the Ant. so I will be watching
for you but cannot transmit.
If anyone else on freq. please call Ian.
If ins. improves as sun warms up will try again.
73 Laurie.



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Hi Ian 

> Thanks to all those who replied to my posting. Will be on 71.75 QRSS3 ot
> 0900z tomorrow, Saturday for a sked with Laurie. Other reports (even
> negative), or QSOs more than welcome. Also will be on from 0800 Tuesday
> around the same frequency.
> 
> Please note that Xband to 136 is not an option at the moment but will be
> along in due course.

I will listen/look for you.

Regards, 
Peter, G3LDO

e-mail <g3ldo@ukonline.co.uk>

Web <http://web.ukonline.co.uk/g3ldo>





From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Andy talbot" <G4JNT@THERSGB.NET>
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I don't know about the IC756, but the IC746 derives all frequencies from one
master oscillator at 30MHz.  The high stability option for this is an
ovenned crystal, and takes several minutes to get to a good stability.  It
does not hunt at all, just stays absolutely flat.  I set mine to within
0.2ppm two years ago and it is holding exactly the same frequency now.

By the way Walter, thanks for the GPS module data - they keep getting
better.

Andy  G4JNT



----- Original Message -----
From: Walter Blanchard <blanch@pncl.co.uk>
To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: Friday, November 29, 2002 7:02 PM
Subject: LF: Osc drift


> Re my posting earlier this year about excessive jitter in my ICOM 706 Mk
II
> oscillator:
>
> I've checked a number of 706 Mk II and 706 Mk IIG tcvrs, all with the
> "hi-stab" osc. installed.
>
> II's
> Same jitter as mine. Seems to be two different jitters superimposed - one
> square-wave pulse-like jumping of amplitude 30-50 Hz (at 145 MHz) of
period
> 2-3 mins, the other almost a sinewave amplitude 20-30 Hz period 30 mins or
> so. The amplitude and frequency of the square-wave is affected by the fan
> and I could reduce it somewhat by wrapping polyfoam insulation round the
> osc.  Disconnecting the fan made amplitude smaller but did not eliminate
> it.  Both slightly different between different samples.
>
> IIG's
> One jitter only - a sawtooth of amplitude 5 Hz (at 145 MHz) with period of
> 2-3 minutes not linked to the operation of the internal fan. Pretty much
> the same between samples.
>
> The IIG jitter seems OK considering it would only be 0.005 Hz at 136 kHz
> but the II would be 0.05 Hz which might or might not matter.
> For ordinary HF  SSB/CW operation or FM on 2m neither would matter of
course.
>
> Layout of the IIG oscillator/synthesizer board is quite different from the
> II, also the TCXO for the IIG is much bigger and a different part number.
> The TCXO for the II is claimed to be a "numerically-controlled" type, that
> for the IIG is not. Does anyone know the difference? I thought all tcxo's
> were just thermistor-controlled varactor diodes in series with the
crystal.
>
> Seems to indicate ICOM discovered the problem and had to redesign the
board
> to get rid of it. Actually there are also major differences in positioning
> and layout of other boards and components to the extent that at a quick
> look you might think they were two different machines.
>
> Have also tested other machines including a Vertex FT-817 which was quite
> remarkably stable - no jitter and only a slow thermal drift around 20 Hz
> (at 145 MHz) between 15 and 25 degs Centigrade. It did not have the
hi-stab
> option.  The best of the bunch by far was the ICOM 756 PRO Mk II which was
> totally jitter-free and only drifted 1 Hz (at 50 MHz - does not cover 2m)
> for an ambient change of 15-25 deg C. There is no hi-stab option for this
> machine - doesn't need one by the look of it!.  Anybody know if it
> incorporates some drift-cancelling scheme like the Barlow-Wadley loop in
> the old Racal RA17?  Do any others?
>
> Transceiver tests for the mags ought to include a stability check on the
> oscillator in future.
>
> Walter G3JKV.
>
>


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From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Richard Newstead" <g3cwi@tesco.net>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
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Transceiver drift is quite a problem. I am doing some propagation
experiments on the HF bands that need long-term stability of 100mHz or
less. This is way beyond what the average ham gear can do - my IC737 is
good with around 700mHz drift (peak to peak cyclical) but still not good
enough. My frequency standard is several orders of magnitude better.
Getting rid of the drift is hard too, you can read of my problems at my
website in the propagation section. 

The good news is that Wolf of Spectrum Lab fame is hoping to build in a
drift cancelling system in the next version of Spectrum Lab. Drift
cancelling is possible with the current version but is a bit fiddly -
again there is an account in the propagation section at my web site.

That's all for now so I'll slide off (if you get my drift).

73

Richard Newstead, G3CWI
Buy and sell  ham gear online at The Amazing Online Flea Market 
http://www.qsl.net/g3cwi


-----Original Message-----
From: owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
[mailto:owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org] On Behalf Of Walter
Blanchard
Sent: 29 November 2002 19:02
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: LF: Osc drift

Transceiver tests for the mags ought to include a stability check on the

oscillator in future.




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Walter Blanchard" <blanch@pncl.co.uk>
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Subject: LF: Osc drift
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Re my posting earlier this year about excessive jitter in my ICOM 706 Mk II 
oscillator:

I've checked a number of 706 Mk II and 706 Mk IIG tcvrs, all with the 
"hi-stab" osc. installed.

II's
Same jitter as mine. Seems to be two different jitters superimposed - one 
square-wave pulse-like jumping of amplitude 30-50 Hz (at 145 MHz) of period 
2-3 mins, the other almost a sinewave amplitude 20-30 Hz period 30 mins or 
so. The amplitude and frequency of the square-wave is affected by the fan 
and I could reduce it somewhat by wrapping polyfoam insulation round the 
osc.  Disconnecting the fan made amplitude smaller but did not eliminate 
it.  Both slightly different between different samples.

IIG's
One jitter only - a sawtooth of amplitude 5 Hz (at 145 MHz) with period of 
2-3 minutes not linked to the operation of the internal fan. Pretty much 
the same between samples.

The IIG jitter seems OK considering it would only be 0.005 Hz at 136 kHz 
but the II would be 0.05 Hz which might or might not matter.
For ordinary HF  SSB/CW operation or FM on 2m neither would matter of course.

Layout of the IIG oscillator/synthesizer board is quite different from the 
II, also the TCXO for the IIG is much bigger and a different part number. 
The TCXO for the II is claimed to be a "numerically-controlled" type, that 
for the IIG is not. Does anyone know the difference? I thought all tcxo's 
were just thermistor-controlled varactor diodes in series with the crystal.

Seems to indicate ICOM discovered the problem and had to redesign the board 
to get rid of it. Actually there are also major differences in positioning 
and layout of other boards and components to the extent that at a quick 
look you might think they were two different machines.

Have also tested other machines including a Vertex FT-817 which was quite 
remarkably stable - no jitter and only a slow thermal drift around 20 Hz 
(at 145 MHz) between 15 and 25 degs Centigrade. It did not have the hi-stab 
option.  The best of the bunch by far was the ICOM 756 PRO Mk II which was 
totally jitter-free and only drifted 1 Hz (at 50 MHz - does not cover 2m) 
for an ambient change of 15-25 deg C. There is no hi-stab option for this 
machine - doesn't need one by the look of it!.  Anybody know if it 
incorporates some drift-cancelling scheme like the Barlow-Wadley loop in 
the old Racal RA17?  Do any others?

Transceiver tests for the mags ought to include a stability check on the 
oscillator in future.

Walter G3JKV.


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From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "G4WGT" <g4wgt@talkgas.net>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Cc: dibene@usa.net
Date: Fri, 29 Nov 2002 18:45:04 -0000
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Alberto,

I have had the Argo 130 test version & screen capture running for 24 hours
with no problems at all, I have been using the PC normally for my usual
daily routines including MS Word, telephone fax & voice mail, internet
access, photo display & printing during this time. It looks like you have
got to the root of the problems. My earlier runs with Argo 130 & Windows
2000 Pro (as I reported to you) were going faulty within 1 hour.

Thank you for your attention and making the corrections.

73

Gary G4WGT.

-----Original Message-----
From: owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
[mailto:owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org]On Behalf Of Alberto di Bene
Sent: 28 November 2002 15:59
To: LF Mailing List; lf; lowfer@mailman.qth.net
Subject: LF: Status report about Argo on XP and slow PCs


Good afternoon all,

  I received a few reports about problems that Argo has on Win XP and/or
2000,
and a few others where similar problems seemed to surface when running on
slow laptops, usually Pentium 166 MHz with Win 95.

After some trials, and thanks to a suggestion of Wolf, I succeeded in
reproducing
the problem on my PC, which, by today standards, is also a slow machine
(an Athlon
750 MHz), but fast enough to prevent me to spot the problem earlier.

What apparently happened was a buffer starvation during high CPU load peaks,
where the buffer pool I had allocated was emptied before the program had
a chance
to requeue them to the sound subsystem, after processing.
I have changed the logic of the program in this section, and now it
seems to work ok,
at least on my PC. This means that I am now unable to reproduce the
problem,
but I can't have an absolute certainty.
This is where I need your cooperation, expecially from those who
reported the
malfunction, no matter whether on Win 95 or XP or 2000.

I have uploaded a test version on
 http://www.weaksignals.com/bin/argo130test.zip
Please unzip it in your Argo directory, so that it can use the DLL,
which hasn't changed.
If your reports will be positive, then I will change the released version.

BTW, while at this, I discovered a quirk of the Borland compiler
TRegistry class under XP,
which forced me to not use it, calling instead directly the Windows APIs.
This has the unfortunate consequence that the format of the settings has
changed,
so you will have to save them again, using the same or a different name.
 Sorry, but
in this case the culprit is not me.

Thanks,

73  Alberto  I2PHD




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From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "James Moritz" <j.r.moritz@herts.ac.uk>
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Subject: Re: LF: New cores from Micrometals
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Dear Andre, LF Group,

At 09:47 29/11/2002 -0500, you wrote:
>does anyone know of a table of equivalency between the Philips cores and 
>the Micrometal ones?

The Micrometals cores are iron dust, whilst the Philips cores usually seen 
in LF use are ferrites, eg. 3C85 etc. Philips (or presumably Ferroxcube 
now) do produce iron dust materials , designated 1Pxx and 2Pxx according to 
the 1991 Philips data book I have here. "xx" is the relative permeability 
of the material; the 1P04, 1P11, 1P30 series seems to be intended for tuned 
applications, and are probably quite similar to Micrometals materials with 
similar permeability, while the higher permeability, higher loss 2P 
materials are intended for noise supression. However, cores in the 1P 
materials don't seem to be a standard catalogue item.

Cheers, Jim Moritz
73 de M0BMU



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Fri, 29 Nov 2002 14:24:32 +0000
From: "Fabian Kurz" <fk@diolog.de>
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Hello group,

after about 6 months QRT on LF I am finally QRV again with a new
antenna: ca. 17m vertical, basket-weaver coil at 15m, other loading coil
at 7m (in attic), 2 parallel wires (ca. 10cm apart) as topload, 15m
long, sloping down to 8m.

On receiving this antenna works 10 dB (!!) better than my old wire and I
just worked DL2HRE (ca. 300km) in normal CW which is a new personal
record for my 35 watts o/p!

cu this weekend! Fabian dj1yfk



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Subject: Re: LF: New cores from Micrometals
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G0MRF@aol.com wrote:
> A short note for any home constructors.
> 
> Micrometals, producers of the popular T-200-2 and other toroids, have 
> introduced a new series called the 200C series.
>
does anyone know of a table of equivalency between the Philips cores and 
the Micrometal ones?

André N4ICK



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Thread-Topic: tube
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Subject: LF: SV: tube
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD>
<META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">


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<DIV><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
class=537500312-29112002>Suspect it is sort of fast heated 
valve</SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
class=537500312-29112002></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
class=537500312-29112002>73</SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
class=537500312-29112002>LA8AK</SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
  <DIV align=left class=OutlookMessageHeader dir=ltr><FONT face=Tahoma 
  size=2>-----Opprinnelig melding-----<BR><B>Fra:</B> hamilton mal 
  [mailto:g3kev.ham@virgin.net]<BR><B>Sendt:</B> 27. november 2002 
  19:58<BR><B>Til:</B> rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org<BR><B>Emne:</B> LF: 
  tube<BR><BR></DIV></FONT>
  <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Thanks to all that responded with info about 
  the&nbsp;&nbsp;QQZ06-40 tube. The tube does have gold plated pins as opposed 
  to the&nbsp;&nbsp;QQV06-40 with normal pins. It looks like the heater voltage 
  is 2.1 volts and not 6.3 v.</FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>73 and agn tnx de Mal/G3KEV</FONT></DIV>
  <DIV>&nbsp;</DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></BODY></HTML>

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From: "John W Gould" <g3wkl@btinternet.com>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Date: Fri, 29 Nov 2002 12:06:16 -0000
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Subject: LF: RE: Printed Spiral Inductors - off topic
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Andy, yes - I'll copy the relevant section from Brian Wadell's Transmission
Line Design Handbook.

73 John, G3WKL

> -----Original Message-----
> From: owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
> [mailto:owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org]On Behalf Of Talbot Andrew
> Sent: Friday, November 29, 2002 11:14
> To: LF Group (E-mail)
> Subject: LF: Printed Spiral Inductors - off topic
>
>
> Sorry if this is somewhat off topic, but I am looking for the design
> equations for spiral inductors printed on PCB material, with or without a
> groundplane.   I vaguely remember seeing some equations in one of the
> freebie RF magazines a few years ago, but can't find it.  A web search has
> not pointed at anything useful - yet.
>
> I need to design some bandpass filters in the 300MHz and 600 to 800MHz
> ranges and want something more repeatable than bits of silver
> plated wire.
>
> Can anyone lay their hands on the design equations ?
>
> Tnx
> Andy  G4JNT
>
> "This e-mail is intended for the recipient only.  If you are not the
> intended recipient you must not use, disclose, distribute, copy, print,
> or rely upon this e-mail. If an addressing or transmission error has
> misdirected this e-mail, please notify the author by replying to
> this e-mail."
>
> "Recipients should note that all e-mail traffic on MOD systems is
> subject to monitoring and auditing."
>
>



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Steve Thompson" <steve@eltac.co.uk>
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On Friday 29 November 2002 11:13, you wrote:
> Sorry if this is somewhat off topic, but I am looking for the design
> equations for spiral inductors printed on PCB material, with or without a
> groundplane.   I vaguely remember seeing some equations in one of the
> freebie RF magazines a few years ago, but can't find it.  A web search has
> not pointed at anything useful - yet.
>
> I need to design some bandpass filters in the 300MHz and 600 to 800MHz
> ranges and want something more repeatable than bits of silver plated wire.
>
> Can anyone lay their hands on the design equations ?
I have 'Broadband model predicts s-parameters of spiral inductors' from 
Microwaves & RF, Jan 88 which I can send if you give me an address. I also 
have an ancient version of Touchstone that includes a spiral inductor as an 
element, which you are welcome to come and use.

Steve


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Date: Fri, 29 Nov 2002 11:42:48 +0000
From: "Stewart Bryant" <stewart.bryant@virgin.net>
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Subject: Re: LF: Printed Spiral Inductors - off topic
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Google returned a large number of hits in response
to the term

spiral inductance

Of these,

http://www.csgnetwork.com/spiralcoilinduccalc.html

is a javascript programme, which you can see by doing
a view source, and if necessary reverse engineer back
to the equations

Stewart G3YSX


Talbot Andrew wrote:
> Sorry if this is somewhat off topic, but I am looking for the design
> equations for spiral inductors printed on PCB material, with or without a
> groundplane.   I vaguely remember seeing some equations in one of the
> freebie RF magazines a few years ago, but can't find it.  A web search has
> not pointed at anything useful - yet.
> 
> I need to design some bandpass filters in the 300MHz and 600 to 800MHz
> ranges and want something more repeatable than bits of silver plated wire.  
> 
> Can anyone lay their hands on the design equations ?
> 
> Tnx
> Andy  G4JNT
> 
> "This e-mail is intended for the recipient only.  If you are not the
> intended recipient you must not use, disclose, distribute, copy, print,
> or rely upon this e-mail. If an addressing or transmission error has
> misdirected this e-mail, please notify the author by replying to this e-mail."
> 
> "Recipients should note that all e-mail traffic on MOD systems is
> subject to monitoring and auditing."
> 
> 




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Thanks to all those who replied to my posting. Will be on 71.75 QRSS3 ot
0900z tomorrow, Saturday for a sked with Laurie. Other reports (even
negative), or QSOs more than welcome. Also will be on from 0800 Tuesday
around the same frequency.

Please note that Xband to 136 is not an option at the moment but will be
along in due course.

73 de,

Ian MI0AYZ



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From: "Talbot Andrew" <ACTALBOT@mail.dstl.gov.uk>
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Sorry if this is somewhat off topic, but I am looking for the design
equations for spiral inductors printed on PCB material, with or without a
groundplane.   I vaguely remember seeing some equations in one of the
freebie RF magazines a few years ago, but can't find it.  A web search has
not pointed at anything useful - yet.

I need to design some bandpass filters in the 300MHz and 600 to 800MHz
ranges and want something more repeatable than bits of silver plated wire.  

Can anyone lay their hands on the design equations ?

Tnx
Andy  G4JNT

"This e-mail is intended for the recipient only.  If you are not the
intended recipient you must not use, disclose, distribute, copy, print,
or rely upon this e-mail. If an addressing or transmission error has
misdirected this e-mail, please notify the author by replying to this e-mail."

"Recipients should note that all e-mail traffic on MOD systems is
subject to monitoring and auditing."


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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<HTML><FONT FACE=arial,helvetica><FONT  SIZE=2>A short note for any home constructors.
<BR>
<BR>Micrometals, producers of the popular T-200-2 and other toroids, have introduced a new series called the 200C series.
<BR>
<BR>As the name suggests, these cores can operate at very high flux densities and can run up to 200 degrees. &nbsp;&nbsp;
<BR>
<BR>The first two materials are the -60 &nbsp;and -70 &nbsp;with permeabilities of 55 and 100 respectively. &nbsp;These are described as "magnetic alloys" with properties similar to Iron powder.
<BR>
<BR>Toroids between 0.16 inch and 4 inches are being produced in addition to E cores and other formats. &nbsp;&nbsp;Other materials in the series are planned and these will have permeabilities &gt;100 and &lt;55.
<BR>
<BR>So if you're planning a winter dx-pedition and you fancy a cup of tea, just remember to bring a kettle and make sure your 200C cores are near the top of the transmitter.
<BR>
<BR>73
<BR>
<BR>David &nbsp;G0MRF</FONT></HTML>

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From: "Dave Pick" <g3yxm@wireless.org.uk>
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Alberto.

The experimental version of Argo ran for 6 hours without problem last night
on my old Cyrix266 machine Win95. This used to crash regularly (but not
always!).
I will try it on my "portable" PC, a P100 Win95 laptop, today.

73
Dave
G3YXM.

----- Original Message -----
From: "Alberto di Bene" <dibene@usa.net>
To: "LF Mailing List" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>; "lf" <lf@amrad.org>;
<lowfer@mailman.qth.net>
Sent: Thursday, November 28, 2002 3:58 PM
Subject: LF: Status report about Argo on XP and slow PCs


> Good afternoon all,
>
>   I received a few reports about problems that Argo has on Win XP and/or
> 2000,
> and a few others where similar problems seemed to surface when running on
> slow laptops, usually Pentium 166 MHz with Win 95.
>




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MarkusVester@aol.com schrieb:


> DCF49 as 129930.015Hz and DBF39 as 138830.033Hz. They seem to be stable at 
> least on a 10mHz scale, but we currently don't know whether they are 
> free-running or somehow locked to UTC or GPS for longterm stability.

>
> 73 de Markus, DF6NM
>

Hi Markus,

there is an other irragularity in the carrier itself that can be seen 
in the steady part between two bursts.

seems the osci is not locked to anything or is it a third intentionally 
characteristic (first: bursts, second: phase jumps)?

see attachment (SpecLab Time Domain shot).

regards

Uwe
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From: "Dexter McIntyre W4DEX" <dmcintyre@att.net>
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I received several messages about not being able to retrieve the HBG
plots.  The plots are located at a different URL from the location I
first gave.  I realized the amount of screen shots that was generated
the first day were hard to sort through, creating a lot of plots and
were not easy to view.

I am now running a single plot for each day which will start an hour or
so after my sunrise.  Looks like the present parameters gives about 23
hours.  This near real time plot can be seen at:

http://www.gostanly.com/w4dex/75khz/hbg.jpg

Each day I will capture the past overnight's run and date the .jpg. 
These plots can be seen from the directory at:

http://www.gostanly.com/w4dex/75khz/

I am working toward having this run on a dedicated antenna, receiver and
computer so that I can use my main system for other receptions.  The
dedicated computer was put on line today and is running DL4YHF's latest
version of Spectrum Lab V2.0b1.  The new no frames option will reduce
the file size.  Thanks Wolf!

I plan to run this on 75 KHz for a while but could change to any
frequency of interest.  These plots appear to be interesting to someone
or many since the URL has received 1281 hits, as of this moment, in
three days!  I'm sure the new will wear off though :)

W4DEX


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "M. Sanders \(PA3BSH\)" <misan@xs4all.nl>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Date: Thu, 28 Nov 2002 22:26:00 +0100
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Hi all,

There is more information about the influence of the sun on propagation
of HBG signals in an analysis of signal measurements during the 1999
solar eclipse on the URL:

http://www.xs4all.nl/~misan/eclipse.htm

73's Michael, 
PA3BSH



-----Oorspronkelijk bericht-----
Van: owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
[mailto:owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org] Namens Dexter McIntyre W4DEX
Verzonden: dinsdag 26 november 2002 1:37
Aan: RSGB LF
Onderwerp: LF: HBG dip before sunset

Just looked at W1TAG's HBG plot and saw he has the same sharp dip in
signal but slightly earlier than what I saw.  This dip occurred about
half and hour before sunset here.  Of course John's sunset is slightly
earlier than mine.  

Compare John's signal plot with mine.

http://webpages.charter.net/w1tag/cap-1.jpg

http://www.gostanly.com/w4dex/75khz/hbg.jpg

Dexter




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Dave Sergeant" <dsergeant@connectfree.co.uk>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
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On 28 Nov 2002 at 13:16, Andy talbot wrote:

> There is an awful lot of controversy over the G3LHZ theories on 
> loops......................

Yes, I accept this and you will see that I have included his formulae 
on my website with the proviso that I do not necessarily believe 
them. He derived them from real performance measurements of hf loops. 
Certainly his formula for radiation resistance is many orders of 
magnitude too optimistic for lf loops!

His formula for Q (and the one formula he is adament is accurate!!) 
indicates the best achievable Q for any loop based on its diameter, 
and is intended to show that even reducing resitive losses to zero 
you will not get better than this figure. It is based on loop 
bandwidth measurements. For my loop (not actively used at the moment) 
the formula gives a Q of 35 and an effective bandwidth of 3.9kHz. The 
fact that I achieve around 1kHz bandwidth (Q of 136) even with far 
from minimised resistive losses indicates the formula is a bit 
pessimistic!

There may be some truth in the mechanisms he is trying to demonstrate 
- ie you can only increase Q up to a certain level and reducing 
resistive losses below a certain level is a case of diminishing 
returns - but I appreciate the values seem wrong.

Mike's theories may well be controversial but that doesn't mean they 
should not be discussed on here. Rik, put up your loop and measure 
what it does, then feed back the figures to G3LHZ. If enough do this 
(as I have), he may rethink!

Incidentally Rik's figure of 30A loop current at 400W is pretty close 
the the 26A I interpolated for my loop based on real measurements at 
5W level (not many of us have 30A rf current meters!). Other 
measurements I have made also tie in pretty well to the classical 
loop theory values so we may well be coming to the conclusion that 
Mike has got it wrong!

Well I guess controversy is good for us. Remember the CFA....?

73s Dave G3YMC


dsergeant@iee.org
dsergeant@btinternet.com
http://www.dsergeant.btinternet.co.uk




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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 lowfer@mailman.qth.net
Subject: LF: Status report about Argo on XP and slow PCs
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Good afternoon all,

  I received a few reports about problems that Argo has on Win XP and/or 
2000,
and a few others where similar problems seemed to surface when running on
slow laptops, usually Pentium 166 MHz with Win 95.

After some trials, and thanks to a suggestion of Wolf, I succeeded in 
reproducing
the problem on my PC, which, by today standards, is also a slow machine 
(an Athlon
750 MHz), but fast enough to prevent me to spot the problem earlier.

What apparently happened was a buffer starvation during high CPU load peaks,
where the buffer pool I had allocated was emptied before the program had 
a chance
to requeue them to the sound subsystem, after processing.
I have changed the logic of the program in this section, and now it 
seems to work ok,
at least on my PC. This means that I am now unable to reproduce the 
problem,
but I can't have an absolute certainty.
This is where I need your cooperation, expecially from those who 
reported the
malfunction, no matter whether on Win 95 or XP or 2000.

I have uploaded a test version on 
 http://www.weaksignals.com/bin/argo130test.zip
Please unzip it in your Argo directory, so that it can use the DLL, 
which hasn't changed.
If your reports will be positive, then I will change the released version.

BTW, while at this, I discovered a quirk of the Borland compiler 
TRegistry class under XP,
which forced me to not use it, calling instead directly the Windows APIs.
This has the unfortunate consequence that the format of the settings has 
changed,
so you will have to save them again, using the same or a different name. 
 Sorry, but
in this case the culprit is not me.

Thanks,

73  Alberto  I2PHD






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From: "Steve Thompson" <steve@eltac.co.uk>
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On Thursday 28 November 2002 13:16, Andy talbot wrote:
> There is an awful lot of controversy over the G3LHZ theories on
> loops......................
I found the following set of course notes very informative. Number 11 deals 
with small loops - I haven't looked through all the others to see of there's 
anything about ground effect on loops.

Steve

http://www.ece.McMaster.CA/faculty/georgieva/temp/


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There is an awful lot of controversy over the G3LHZ theories on 
loops......................
Andy  G4JNT

-----Original Message-----
From:	James Moritz [SMTP:j.r.moritz@herts.ac.uk]
Sent:	2002/11/28 11:50
To:	rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject:	Re: LF: loop antenna

Dear Dave, Rik, LF Group,

At 06:36 28/11/2002 +0000, you wrote:
>I have just done a couple of calculations on Rik's loop using
>formulae from Mike Underhill G3LHZ (which are quoted on my web site).
>Mike says that the maximum Q is in fact limited by the size of the
>loop and has a limiting value of Q=500/D, where D is the diameter of
>the loop (or for a rectangular loop the circumference divided by pi).
>Feeding Rik's dimensions into this gives a maximum Q of 20, and it
>will in practice be lower than this due to resistive losses

This calculation seems to be wildly divergent from the actual results of
less than 1 ohm , amounting to a Q of a few hundred, quoted for "Lowfer"
loops a little while back.

Cheers, Jim Moritz
73 de M0BMU




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From: "hamilton mal" <g3kev.ham@virgin.net>
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----- Original Message -----
From: "Ian Kyle" <ian.gi8ayz@virgin.net>
To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: Wednesday, November 27, 2002 11:12 PM
Subject: LF: 73KHz activity.


> System now complete and working with both QRSS and hand speed Morse.
Antenna
> current around 1.5A with coil in shack. Should be better when I get it
into
> its own Box outside but in the meantime is anybody interested in a test ?
>
> 73 de,
>
> Ian GI8AYZ/MI0AYZ

Hi Ian
I will listen for you. Let me know QTR and QRG
Did PDN call for the wire ?
Using the Level meter RX and 90 metre vertical resonated loop at present for
RX
Loop on LF is E/W

73 de Mal/G3KEV

>
>
>



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Dear Dave, Rik, LF Group,

At 06:36 28/11/2002 +0000, you wrote:
>I have just done a couple of calculations on Rik's loop using
>formulae from Mike Underhill G3LHZ (which are quoted on my web site).
>Mike says that the maximum Q is in fact limited by the size of the
>loop and has a limiting value of Q=500/D, where D is the diameter of
>the loop (or for a rectangular loop the circumference divided by pi).
>Feeding Rik's dimensions into this gives a maximum Q of 20, and it
>will in practice be lower than this due to resistive losses

This calculation seems to be wildly divergent from the actual results of 
less than 1 ohm , amounting to a Q of a few hundred, quoted for "Lowfer" 
loops a little while back.

Cheers, Jim Moritz
73 de M0BMU



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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At 09:53 28/11/2002 +0000, you wrote:
>Anyone else be around for a 73kHz activity morning?

Dear Dave, Ian, LF Group,

I plan to take next Tuesday morning off for some 73kHz activity - As in 
Dave's case, GI is in roughly the same direction as Rugby from here, so 
directional antennas don't help much. I just hope Rugby actually does close 
down for a bit!

Cheers, Jim Moritz
73 de M0BMU



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Ian

Try your best to get on the air next Tuesday morning. Rugby on 73.5 usually
goes off for maintenance and that leaves the band quiet here. I don't think
I'd work you with it on the air. (Even with the loop, the nulls would be in
the wrong place!)
Anyone else be around for a 73kHz activity morning?

Dave
G3YXM.

----- Original Message -----
From: "Ian Kyle" <ian.gi8ayz@virgin.net>
To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: Wednesday, November 27, 2002 11:12 PM
Subject: LF: 73KHz activity.


> System now complete and working with both QRSS and hand speed Morse.
Antenna
> current around 1.5A with coil in shack. Should be better when I get it
into
> its own Box outside but in the meantime is anybody interested in a test ?
>
> 73 de,
>
> Ian GI8AYZ/MI0AYZ
>
>
>




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Hello group,

many thanks to all who replied on my request.
One more thought : if the loop would be very good (= low loss, let's say 
about 0.5 Ohm) this would mean high current and thus also rather high 
voltage (as Jim mentioned).
The loop would have an inductance of about 120uH (thus XL = 100 Ohm), so 
pumping 450W into the loop would give a current of 30A and a voltage of 3kV.
Isn't it likely that these high voltages will cause some additional losses 
(there will be some current floating to ground) ?

73, Rik  ON7YD




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Hello Dave,

A Q of 20 seems very low, it would mean that losses are as high as 5 Ohm (Q 
= XL/R).
But maybe Q is calculated based on the Rrad of 2.5 Ohm, that would explain 
the low value.

73, Rik

>On 25 Nov 2002 at 17:58, Rik Strobbe wrote:
>
> > I am about to put up a transmitting loop antenna. Dimensions will be 23m
> > long and 15m high. Thanks to Dick (PA0SE) I could achieve a wheel of 7mm
> > litz wire, so wire losses should be minimized (about 0.04 Ohm).
>
>I have just done a couple of calculations on Rik's loop using
>formulae from Mike Underhill G3LHZ (which are quoted on my web site).
>Mike says that the maximum Q is in fact limited by the size of the
>loop and has a limiting value of Q=500/D, where D is the diameter of
>the loop (or for a rectangular loop the circumference divided by pi).
>Feeding Rik's dimensions into this gives a maximum Q of 20, and it
>will in practice be lower than this due to resistive losses.  This
>formula has been derived by Mike from actual measurements on loops
>and while I would vouch nothing for its validity myself, measurements
>I did on my loop some time ago did indicate it was in the right ball
>park figure. Reducing dc resistance will not increase the Q above
>this figure and the astronomic voltages and currents rumoured will
>not arise.
>
>The second formula from Mike is his for loop inductance - it gives a
>value of 123uH which sounds about right.
>
>The third of Mike's formulae on my site is his for radiation
>resistance. As I have previously found it produces silly values of
>radiation resistance for 136 loops - in Rik's case of about 2.5 ohms,
>clearly nonsense.
>
>Regarding currents flowing in the loop (and assuming the Q stays
>within the sensible limits above) measurements on my loop done at the
>5W level and scaled indicate a loop current of 26A at 400W. This is
>probably well in the handling range of Philips 376 polycarbonate
>capacitors - GW4ALG used this power with his loop with no problems.
>These capacitors are cheap and worth experimenting with.
>
>73s Dave G3YMC
>
>dsergeant@iee.org
>dsergeant@btinternet.com
>http://www.dsergeant.btinternet.co.uk



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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On 25 Nov 2002 at 17:58, Rik Strobbe wrote:

> I am about to put up a transmitting loop antenna. Dimensions will be 23m
> long and 15m high. Thanks to Dick (PA0SE) I could achieve a wheel of 7mm
> litz wire, so wire losses should be minimized (about 0.04 Ohm).

I have just done a couple of calculations on Rik's loop using 
formulae from Mike Underhill G3LHZ (which are quoted on my web site). 
Mike says that the maximum Q is in fact limited by the size of the 
loop and has a limiting value of Q=500/D, where D is the diameter of 
the loop (or for a rectangular loop the circumference divided by pi). 
Feeding Rik's dimensions into this gives a maximum Q of 20, and it 
will in practice be lower than this due to resistive losses.  This 
formula has been derived by Mike from actual measurements on loops 
and while I would vouch nothing for its validity myself, measurements 
I did on my loop some time ago did indicate it was in the right ball 
park figure. Reducing dc resistance will not increase the Q above 
this figure and the astronomic voltages and currents rumoured will 
not arise.

The second formula from Mike is his for loop inductance - it gives a 
value of 123uH which sounds about right.

The third of Mike's formulae on my site is his for radiation 
resistance. As I have previously found it produces silly values of 
radiation resistance for 136 loops - in Rik's case of about 2.5 ohms, 
clearly nonsense.

Regarding currents flowing in the loop (and assuming the Q stays 
within the sensible limits above) measurements on my loop done at the 
5W level and scaled indicate a loop current of 26A at 400W. This is 
probably well in the handling range of Philips 376 polycarbonate 
capacitors - GW4ALG used this power with his loop with no problems. 
These capacitors are cheap and worth experimenting with.

73s Dave G3YMC

dsergeant@iee.org
dsergeant@btinternet.com
http://www.dsergeant.btinternet.co.uk




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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<HTML><FONT FACE=arial,helvetica><FONT  SIZE=2 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="2">Hi David,<BR>
<BR>
no worries in this case: the appendix DBF_FAST.zip (17851 bytes) was included in my last message, containing a bitmap-graph of DBF39's phase evolution during a telegram.<BR>
<BR>
Regards<BR>
<BR>
Markus, DF6NM<BR>
[&nbsp; ^ microsaft-certified signature ;-) ]<BR>
</FONT></HTML>

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Date: Thu, 28 Nov 2002 00:23:50 +0000
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Alan Melia wrote:
> 
> Hi All, the plots continue to provide interest although I cant find one from
> DEX this evening yet......blank plot so far.


Alan,

Seems to be working here.  Is this the URL you are using:

http://www.gostanly.com/w4dex/75khz/hbg.jpg

Dex


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Message-ID: <002e01c2966f$74e81be0$5d317bd5@main>
From: "Alan Melia" <Alan.Melia@btinternet.com>
To: "LF-Group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Date: Wed, 27 Nov 2002 23:07:58 -0000
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Hi All, the plots continue to provide interest although I cant find one from
DEX this evening yet......blank plot so far.

Laurie, we have to be careful not to read too much into them. They can give
general information about the D-layer, but that path is about 1000kms south
of us and a bit further east. The detail of any multipath fading will
probably be very different to what we would experience. There was a
difference even between you and Peter. Also remember our early plots of CFH
where I saw peaks and you saw a poor period. Unfortunately we dont know how
to recognise a good night yet. I think from John's report (I think it was
John ) before he started posting the plots that HBG was stronger last week
than maybe it is now.  It will be interesting to see if the guys continue
for another couple of nights whether last nights Kp=5 and a morning period
at 4 have any effect.  I feel the effects may not be so dramatic at 75kHz as
maybe at 136, and the path may recover more quickly after a few poor nights
due to storms. This could be because the wavelength is longer relative to
the thickness of the absorbing medium (guess). It does seem that we need a
bit of help, so maybe we ought to be looking at conditions closer after a
storm, when there are still some deep dips, and maybe some higher than
average peaks in between. Certainly so far the 75kHz plots look quite
different to my attempts at 136.  I also note that there didnt seem to be a
peak at 1500z today, so the daytime signal was not making it across. The
previous slight lift at 1500z may have been caused by the Kp=7 storm last
week.

Well done John and Dex, LF is certainly encouraging lots of experimentation,
what will loops, spirals and 75k propagation.....Lotsa Fun

Cheers de Alan G3NYK
alan.melia@btinternet.com

alan.melia@btinternet.com





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<HTML><FONT FACE=arial,helvetica><FONT  SIZE=2>In a message dated 11/27/02 9:05:06 PM GMT Standard Time, MarkusVester@aol.com writes:
<BR>
<BR>
<BR><BLOCKQUOTE TYPE=CITE style="BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px">Subj:<B>LF: DBF39 phase jump experiment</B>
<BR>Date:11/27/02 9:05:06 PM GMT Standard Time
<BR><I>From: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;MarkusVester@aol.com
<BR>Sender: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
<BR>Reply-to: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
<BR>To: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
<BR></I>
<BR>File:<B>DBF_FAST.zip</B> (17851 bytes) DL Time (45333 bps): &lt; 1 minute
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>Dear LF-group,
<BR>
<BR></FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" SIZE=3 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="0"></BLOCKQUOTE>
<BR></FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="0">
<BR>..................
<BR>I've looked through this e-mail from Marcus and cannot find any mention of the attached .zip file.
<BR>
<BR>I have deleted it, without opening, as I do all suspicious attachments.
<BR>
<BR>73
<BR>
<BR>David</FONT></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Laurie Mayhead" <laurie@g3aqc.freeserve.co.uk>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
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----- Original Message -----
From: "Ian Kyle" <ian.gi8ayz@virgin.net>
To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: Wednesday, November 27, 2002 11:12 PM
Subject: LF: 73KHz activity.


> System now complete and working with both QRSS and hand speed Morse.
Antenna
> current around 1.5A with coil in shack. Should be better when I get it
into
> its own Box outside but in the meantime is anybody interested in a test ?
>
> 73 de,
>
> Ian GI8AYZ/MI0AYZ
>
> Too late tonight ! Tomorrow? am or pm, up to say 4pm
 Laurie.



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System now complete and working with both QRSS and hand speed Morse. Antenna
current around 1.5A with coil in shack. Should be better when I get it into
its own Box outside but in the meantime is anybody interested in a test ?

73 de,

Ian GI8AYZ/MI0AYZ



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<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:DL4YHF@aol.com">DL4YHF@aol.com</a> wrote:<br>
<blockquote type="cite" cite="midc6.15a219bf.2b166f49@aol.com"><font
 face="arial,helvetica"><font size="2">[...]<br>
By chance, Markus DF6NM has just explained his observations on the DCF39
phase jumps &nbsp;to me (rewarding, tnx!!). But we are not sure yet if they (at
DCF) really care for a high-precision carrier frequency. All I can say now
is that the phase jump is always a multiple of &nbsp;25.7xx&deg; (or so), but WHEN
these jump's occur I can't say.  <br>
With some luck and a bit of "audio preprocessing in the time domain" it may
be possible to make a phase plot of DCF39 with all phase jumps removed, one
fine day... but more experimentation must be done. <br>
 <br>
Would a well-known experienced programmer of beautiful user interfaces like
to have the sourcecodes ? ;-) <br>
 [...]</font></font></blockquote>
<br>
Wolf,<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;not sure who you are referring to, but may I guess ? The latest versions
of SpectrumLab are<br>
continuously improving in their user interfaces, so maybe is its author the
hidden subject of<br>
your sentence ? &nbsp;:-)<br>
<br>
73 &nbsp;Alberto &nbsp;I2PHD<br>
<br>
</body>
</html>




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--------------040709010202010707060107
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<HTML><FONT FACE=arial,helvetica><FONT  SIZE=2 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="2">Dear LF-group,<BR>
<BR>
<BLOCKQUOTE TYPE=CITE style="BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px">. All I can say now is that the phase jump is always a multiple of&nbsp; 25.7xx° (or so), but WHEN these jump's occur I can't say. </FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff" SIZE=3 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="arial" LANG="2"></BLOCKQUOTE><BR>
</FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff" SIZE=2 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="2"><BR>
perhaps I should explain my observations:<BR>
<BR>
The phase jumps on the signals of DCF49 (129.93) and DBF39 (138.83) are caused by the phase-continuous FSK modulation during the telegrams, which come irregularly, typically once every 16 seconds. This why on a hi-resolution spectrum the carrier looks like a 60mHz wide noiseband without a central line, and its frequency cannot be determined accurately in a conventional way.<BR>
<BR>
A while ago I had concluded that with 340Hz shift and 200bd datarate, the phaseshift of each single bit excursion from mark to space would be 340/200 periods or 17/10*360 degrees. This has the consequence that the carrier phases in the intervals between the telegrams would always remain on a fixed raster of 36 degrees.<BR>
<BR>
Detailed measurement using SpecLab's IQ-save revealed that there indeed is such a raster, however the bit-phaseshift is 47/28 periods. Frequency shift is as nominal, but the duration of a space-bit is slightly short (4.937ms), and the following mark-bits are prolonged to keep the average baudrate. Apparently all telegrams contain an even number of space-bits, so the phase raster is 1/14 of a carrier period or 25.714 degrees.<BR>
<BR>
You can confirm that in a little experiment: Tune the station to a low audio beat frequency (eg 130Hz) on a stable receiver, and watch at the spectral band with 10mHz resolution (Argo 90s). Then switch back to full band view, and increase the audio signal to overload your soundcard input so that many harmonics are visible. Now take a detailed look at the 14th overtone (1820Hz) ... you will see a sharp line !! - That way, I could&nbsp; measure the carriers of DCF49 as 129930.015Hz and DBF39 as 138830.033Hz. They seem to be stable at least on a 10mHz scale, but we currently don't know whether they are free-running or somehow locked to UTC or GPS for longterm stability.<BR>
<BR>
This also means that one could actually use DBF39 to study ionospheric effects on signal phase, provided the SNR is still good enough to identify in which of the 14 possible phasestates the carrier is in ( &gt;10dB in 1/16Hz bandwidth). Alternatively, one of us here could publish a log of phasejumps for postprocessing.<BR>
<BR>
Another one worth observing is the 160mW transmitter-intermodulation on 135360.031Hz, a combination of 2xDCF49 minus precise 122500Hz from DCF42's pilot: carrying twice the frequency shift it has a 1/7-period phase raster.<BR>
<BR>
Have fun playing,<BR>
<BR>
73 de Markus, DF6NM<BR>
</FONT></HTML>
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--------------040709010202010707060107--

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Message-ID: <000b01c2964b$9fe82520$ea00a8c0@f3a3a2>
From: "Laurie Mayhead" <laurie@g3aqc.freeserve.co.uk>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Date: Wed, 27 Nov 2002 19:29:25 -0000
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I have just downloaded last nights/to-days plot from Dex,
This is excellent since it shows on one page almost 24hours of propagation.
It is interesting that the pre-sunset dip is not visible,I don't think this
is due to scale,some other effect perhaps.
There is however a dip at 23:00!
The peak value  about -9dBm is similar to the previous night which is
probably not surprising since the Kp index stays high at 3.
This work has saved me beaconing and is very valuable,although I wish I
understood more about what is going on.
73 Laurie.



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Federico Olaizola Zabala" <EA2HB@telefonica.net>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
References: <000c01c2962e$4a099840$7be8fc3e@l8p8y6>
Date: Wed, 27 Nov 2002 20:15:26 +0100
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<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>See&nbsp;&nbsp; <A 
href="http://www.tubecollector.org/info.htm">www.tubecollector.org/info.htm</A></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 73 de 
EA2HB</FONT></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=ltr 
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
  <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message ----- </DIV>
  <DIV 
  style="BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; FONT: 10pt arial; font-color: black"><B>From:</B> 
  <A title=g3kev.ham@virgin.net href="mailto:g3kev.ham@virgin.net">hamilton 
  mal</A> </DIV>
  <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B> <A title=rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org 
  href="mailto:rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org">rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org</A> 
  </DIV>
  <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B> Wednesday, November 27, 2002 5:01 
  PM</DIV>
  <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B> LF: tube</DIV>
  <DIV><BR></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Hi All</FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Does anyone have tech info for tube&nbsp;Mullard 
  QZ06-40A, similar to the QV06-40A but does the Z indicate a different heater 
  voltage? </FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>73 de Mal/G3KEV</FONT></DIV>
  <DIV>&nbsp;</DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></BODY></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "hamilton mal" <g3kev.ham@virgin.net>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
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<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Thanks to all that responded with info about 
the&nbsp;&nbsp;QQZ06-40 tube. The tube does have gold plated pins as opposed to 
the&nbsp;&nbsp;QQV06-40 with normal pins. It looks like the heater voltage is 
2.1 volts and not 6.3 v.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>73 and agn tnx de Mal/G3KEV</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV></BODY></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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<HTML><FONT FACE=arial,helvetica><FONT  SIZE=2>Hi Alan,
<BR>thanks for the comments and the info. Other members of the group were doing the tougher part when getting their logging stations running - - - 
<BR>
<BR>&gt;&gt; 
<BR>if we can measure and log phase accurately enough, and do the stations transmit a reliably constant phase.
<BR>We know DCF39 does not, but others may be more useful....time data might be
<BR>a problem....or it might be an advantage !! measure time ??
<BR>&lt;&lt;
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>By chance, Markus DF6NM has just explained his observations on the DCF39 phase jumps &nbsp;to me (rewarding, tnx!!). But we are not sure yet if they (at DCF) really care for a high-precision carrier frequency. All I can say now is that the phase jump is always a multiple of &nbsp;25.7xx° (or so), but WHEN these jump's occur I can't say. 
<BR>With some luck and a bit of "audio preprocessing in the time domain" it may be possible to make a phase plot of DCF39 with all phase jumps removed, one fine day... but more experimentation must be done.
<BR>
<BR>Would a well-known experienced programmer of beautiful user interfaces like to have the sourcecodes ? ;-)
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>Regards,
<BR>Wolf DL4YHF
<BR>
<BR>
<BR></FONT></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Dave Pick" <g3yxm@wireless.org.uk>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
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<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>If I remember rightly, the QQ"Z" was a quick-heat 
version. My book gives the heaters as 2.1V at 4.5A.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Dave G3YXM.</FONT></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=ltr 
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
  <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message ----- </DIV>
  <DIV 
  style="BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; FONT: 10pt arial; font-color: black"><B>From:</B> 
  <A title=g3kev.ham@virgin.net href="mailto:g3kev.ham@virgin.net">hamilton 
  mal</A> </DIV>
  <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B> <A title=rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org 
  href="mailto:rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org">rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org</A> 
  </DIV>
  <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B> Wednesday, November 27, 2002 4:01 
  PM</DIV>
  <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B> LF: tube</DIV>
  <DIV><BR></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Hi All</FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Does anyone have tech info for tube&nbsp;Mullard 
  QZ06-40A, similar to the QV06-40A but does the Z indicate a different heater 
  voltage? </FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>73 de Mal/G3KEV</FONT></DIV>
  <DIV>&nbsp;</DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></BODY></HTML>

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Hi Mal the QZ06-40 is not in my 1969 book ...I wonder whether that is a
QQxxx the double tetrode. As far as I can see the "Z" version is a quick
heat heater for "mobile" applications. I think the heater fired up off about
2 volts from an overwind on an inverter (in Pye kit at least) and was up to
working temp in a few seconds. Thus it was not necessary to run the valve
heater continuously, and flatten the battery. I seem to remember QQZ06-20As
(or were they -40As)in 30Watt Pye W30 Westminster long-case boot mount
mobile. I think a lot of the valves I came across had gold plated pins too.

Cheers de Alan G3NYK
alan.melia@btinternet.com




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From: "hamilton mal" <g3kev.ham@virgin.net>
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<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Hi All</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Does anyone have tech info for tube&nbsp;Mullard 
QZ06-40A, similar to the QV06-40A but does the Z indicate a different heater 
voltage? </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>73 de Mal/G3KEV</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV></BODY></HTML>

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> Just looked at W1TAG's HBG plot and saw he has the same sharp dip in
> signal but slightly earlier than what I saw.  This dip occurred about
> half and hour before sunset here.  Of course John's sunset is slightly
> earlier than mine.
> Dexter


A reminder for those relatively new to this group that I made a recording of
HBG during a total eclipse of the sun a couple of years ago. It can be found
at http://www.lf.thersgb.net/gallery/eclipse.htm. Note that HBG is about
750km from me and is always S9 by ground wave. The variation in strength is
almost certainly due to interference between the sky and ground waves.
Interesting nevertheless.

Mike, G3XDV
http://www.lf.thersgb.net
====================



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Hi, Alan and Group.

On Tue, 26 Nov 2002, Alan Melia wrote:

> 
> If maybe you are screened from some of the ground wave then there could be
> interesting plots made. At my location of approx. 700kms from DCF39 I get
> get a steady level during the day and some slight variation on that at
> night, but only about + / - 6dB. This is probably the effect of equal sky
> and ground wave paths at similar strengths interfering. 

Here in my location (mo64rx) I have no DCF39 sigs at day time. It is not
audible and it is not visible by hamview. But at night time it is very
strong, somtimes audible (when there is no noises) and it's level seems
to be more then 30 dB over noise. So vasriations of signal level is more
then 30 dB. Signal is strongest about 30..60 min before sunrise. 

>  I guess the best for plain signal strength logs would be to look for a
> "beacon" in Russia in the 50 - 150kHz range. Maybe Alex has some ideas of
> signals that plague his receiver but could be "music" to us further west.

Unfortunely my RX can recieve  135 - 139 kHz only. So I can't observe
beacons. But usualy at evening local time I see very strong and
stable carrier on 137.390 kHz (may be (???) it is mirror chanel 132.61 kHz
) wich is on/off iregulary. I do not know what is this. May be it is local
signal only.

73 de RA9MB/Alex
http://www.qsl.net/ra9mb






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Hi Wolf and all, thanks for leaping to the keyboard and massaging
SpectrumLab once again....it is doing sterling work. and makes the
monitoring of distant beacons so much more interesting (and useful)

I am not sure whether watching HBG and DCF77 will be of much interest at
your location Wolf.   As far as I see it, we are mainly interested in using
these things as a cheap " ionospheric sounder ". So what I believe matters
at shorter distances is the difference between the day and night levels.

If maybe you are screened from some of the ground wave then there could be
interesting plots made. At my location of approx. 700kms from DCF39 I get
get a steady level during the day and some slight variation on that at
night, but only about + / - 6dB. This is probably the effect of equal sky
and ground wave paths at similar strengths interfering. Beyond about 900 kms
it starts to get interesting but the two "useful" European paths have been
DCF39 to CT1DRP at 1960kms (with some mountains and arid ground in the
way....so low ground wave levels) and SXV to G3NYK (over the Alps at 2350kms
...from memory) and SXV to CT1DRP again over 2000kms. Unfortunately ( for
some of us ....sorry Markus and Costas)  SXV seems not to be using the 135.8
allocation very much in the last 15months. At about 2000kms there would seem
to be about 20dB or more between ground wave and night-time skywave, so that
the latter predominates. Of course the skywave is there are shorter
distances.....maybe this is where we start measuring the phase variation.
Because we know the phase of the arriving ground wave...maybe we could
interpret the results to give useful data...if we can measure and log phase
accurately enough, and do the stations transmit a reliably constant phase.
We know DCF39 does not, but others may be more useful....time data might be
a problem....or it might be an advantage !! measure time ??

 I guess the best for plain signal strength logs would be to look for a
"beacon" in Russia in the 50 - 150kHz range. Maybe Alex has some ideas of
signals that plague his receiver but could be "music" to us further west.

I am beginning to wonder just how simple an LF converter could  be to
convert 20kHz chunks of LF down to the soundcard inputs, with the
appropriate levels of sensitivity.

Cheers de Alan G3NYK
alan.melia@btinternet.com




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<HTML><FONT FACE=arial,helvetica><FONT  SIZE=2 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="2">Dear Rik and group,<BR>
<BR>
just a few thoughts about your loop project:<BR>
<BR>
- ground reflection<BR>
 Jim mentioned a while ago the doubling of radiation resistance above ground. I think this is always the case, no matter how lossy the ground is, as long as the skin-depth of the shielding currents is much less than a wavelength / 2pi. - Even with 1mS/m conductivity, the skindepth is only 43m.<BR>
<BR>
- voltage<BR>
 I also believe that there is the possibility of E-field losses with loops, especially in the parts of the wire that are close to the capacitor. The potential will drop linearly along the wire from there to the voltage minimum at the opposite side. It may be well worthwile to place the "hot" ends somewhere high up in the clear and have the minimum and the coupling structure close to the ground.<BR>
<BR>
- fine tuning<BR>
 As the main capacitor will then be fairly inaccessible, you could still do the inband-tuning at the transmitter side of the coupler, as the reactive power for this correction would only have to be a few percent of that in the main capacitor and thus the additional losses would be minimal.<BR>
<BR>
- feeding<BR>
 An alternative to tight transformer-coupling might be loose inductve coupling employing a parallel-resonant tank circuit, directly fed by 50 ohm. It could have a few turns around an an area of perhaps one square meter and be placed in proximity to the loop wire. By shifting or rotating it, you could adjust the coupling to achieve any desired impedance matching.<BR>
<BR>
- calculating eddy current losses<BR>
 There is a somewhat surprising theorem claiming that eddycurrents induced in a conducting halfspace (ie. earth) will only have components parallel to the surface, no matter what the orientation of the loop is; a vertical loop above ground will induce horizontal figure-eight eddy patterns underneath. I'm not sure, but this seems to imply that the powerloss density in the ground could be calculated simply using the free-space vector potential of the horizontal loop currents alone, without having to solve for the charge-buildup at the surface. By numerical integration of these losses one could then find the optimum height of the bottom wire, at a given top height and length of the loop. <BR>
<BR>
73 and wishing success<BR>
<BR>
Markus, DF6NM<BR>
</FONT></HTML>

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Dear Rik, LF Group,

I reckon your loop will have inductance of the order of 100uH, so with the 
kind of currents you are hoping to achieve, the voltage on the loop will 
reach at least a few kV. With this voltage, I believe you will need 
insulators between the wire and the tree branches to prevent them getting 
burnt away where they contact each other. Also, if you use a transformer to 
"float" the loop, this could have similar  voltages between the windings.

It is not easy to make a transformer with a large impedance ratio and at 
the same time low loss and low leakage inductance. I would suggest 
something like the output transformers used in HF solid state PAs, with a 
single turn low Z winding of tubing or strip passed through a number of 
stacked ferrite cores to get sufficient winding inductance. As an 
alternative to vacuum capacitors for tuning, you could use a variometer of 
a few uH in series with the loop - it would only need a few metres of wire, 
and if you used the same litz wire as for the antenna, it would make 
negligible difference to the loss.

BTW - if you get the loss down to 0.2ohm, the Q will be over 400  - so you 
will certainly need accurate tuning!

Cheers, Jim Moritz
73 de M0BMU



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From: "hamilton mal" <g3kev.ham@virgin.net>
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References: <3DE1338E.2F1E9274@att.net> <000801c29474$a4e23300$1ee086d4@erica> <5.1.0.14.0.20021125171906.00b9d028@pb623250.kuleuven.be>
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----- Original Message -----
From: "Rik Strobbe" <rik.strobbe@fys.kuleuven.ac.be>
To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: Monday, November 25, 2002 4:58 PM
Subject: LF: loop antenna


> Hello group,
>
> I am about to put up a transmitting loop antenna. Dimensions will be 23m
> long and 15m high. Thanks to Dick (PA0SE) I could achieve a wheel of 7mm
> litz wire, so wire losses should be minimized (about 0.04 Ohm).
>
> Some questions :
>
> - What distance should I keep to the ground ? It's a tradeoff between loop
> area (and thus radiation resistance) and loss resistance.
> - What distance should I keep to the greenery (birch trees) ? Same
tradeoff
> as above but also keeping in mind that the trees are used as antenna
> support and that the 7mm litz wire is rather heavy stuff (so from the
> mechanical point of view it would be best to have the wire just hanging on
> the branches).
> - How to match the antenna ? As it is an experimental setup I would tend
to
> keep the resonance tuning (= series capacitor) and impedance matching (=
> transformer) separated. Any experience with a 100/1 .. 400/1 transformer
> (matching 50 Ohm of the TX to  0.1 .. 0.4 Ohm of the loop - at least I
hope
> to get losses that low).
>
> Some quick and dirty calculations :
> If the lower wire is 1m above ground then the loop area is 322m^2 and
> radiation resistance is 0.14 .. 0.28 milli-Ohm (let's assume 0.2
milli-Ohm).
> 1. if Rloss = 1 Ohm and 450W RF power -> antenna current  = 21A  -> EIRP =
> 135mW
> 2. if Rloss = 0.5 Ohm and 450W RF power -> antenna current  = 30A  -> EIRP
> = 370mW
> 3. if Rloss = 0.2 Ohm and 450W RF power -> antenna current  = 47A  -> EIRP
> = 675mW
> 4. to get 1W EIRP with 450W RF power I would need 71A antenna current and
> losses as low as 0.09 Ohm

Rik,
When I see the sky light up across the north sea, I will know you have fired
up with the LOOP
The components for the matching network will need to be tough to handle 71A
plus of antenna current.
Good luck and let us all know how you get on.
I am looking for a 25nf/10kv capacitor if you have one spare.

de Mal/G3KEV



>
> 73, Rik  ON7YD
>
>
>
>




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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John A. says:
>Last winter, when I ran the 50ft perimeter loop, I found that laying out
several 40
>foot strips of chicken wire made no difference on the impedance bridge
>readings. That antenna was 15 meters in circumference, done with a cage of
>four #8 wires spaced about 10 cm on centers.

Do you know what the resistive component of that bridge measurement was? I
should be able calculate the Rac for those conductors based on skin effect
and proximity effect. Also, what was the height above ground for this loop?

Thanks,
Bill A

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-----Original Message-----
From: John Andrews [mailto:w1tag@charter.net]
Sent: Tuesday, November 26, 2002 10:57 AM
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: Re: LF: loop antenna


Bill,

> I suggest the transformer approach because when the loop conductor will
have
> some leakage current to the trees (it's small Mal <G>) and this will be
> minimized if the loop is allowed to float relative to ground.

Of course, you could just add a 1:1 transformer on the "50 ohm" side to
float the ground. The 2-capacitor method does have the advantage of
permitting precise impedance transformations. It has the disadvantage of
requiring two vacuum variables at amateur power levels.

> My latest loop experiment is an octagonal TX loop with 3/4" X 10ft sides
> with a calculated Rac of .045 ohms for the conductor alone. Hope to be
able
> to show that the ground loss tapers off to near 0 ohms when it's raised it
> to 50ft. If it doesn't fall off significantly, this may show the reflected
> radiated field absorption in addition to the magnetic field absorption is
> part of the Rac equation. Has anyone performed or know of an experiment
like
> this at LF? If radiation reflection is at work here it may be possible to
> add a ground screen to improve matters.

Last winter, when I ran the "legal loop," I found that laying out several 40
foot strips of chicken wire made no difference on the impedance bridge
readings. That antenna was 15 meters in circumference, done with a cage of
four #8 wires spaced about 10 cm on centers.

John Andrews



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From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "John Andrews" <w1tag@charter.net>
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Bill,

> I suggest the transformer approach because when the loop conductor will
have
> some leakage current to the trees (it's small Mal <G>) and this will be
> minimized if the loop is allowed to float relative to ground.

Of course, you could just add a 1:1 transformer on the "50 ohm" side to
float the ground. The 2-capacitor method does have the advantage of
permitting precise impedance transformations. It has the disadvantage of
requiring two vacuum variables at amateur power levels.

> My latest loop experiment is an octagonal TX loop with 3/4" X 10ft sides
> with a calculated Rac of .045 ohms for the conductor alone. Hope to be
able
> to show that the ground loss tapers off to near 0 ohms when it's raised it
> to 50ft. If it doesn't fall off significantly, this may show the reflected
> radiated field absorption in addition to the magnetic field absorption is
> part of the Rac equation. Has anyone performed or know of an experiment
like
> this at LF? If radiation reflection is at work here it may be possible to
> add a ground screen to improve matters.

Last winter, when I ran the "legal loop," I found that laying out several 40
foot strips of chicken wire made no difference on the impedance bridge
readings. That antenna was 15 meters in circumference, done with a cage of
four #8 wires spaced about 10 cm on centers.

John Andrews



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Ashlock,William" <William.Ashlock@edwards.boc.com>
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Loop Admiration Society members, and friends:

>You may like to consider a totally capacitor matching network as shown on
my website.

I suggest the transformer approach because when the loop conductor will have
some leakage current to the trees (it's small Mal <G>) and this will be
minimized if the loop is allowed to float relative to ground.

My latest loop experiment is an octagonal TX loop with 3/4" X 10ft sides
with a calculated Rac of .045 ohms for the conductor alone. Hope to be able
to show that the ground loss tapers off to near 0 ohms when it's raised it
to 50ft. If it doesn't fall off significantly, this may show the reflected
radiated field absorption in addition to the magnetic field absorption is
part of the Rac equation. Has anyone performed or know of an experiment like
this at LF? If radiation reflection is at work here it may be possible to
add a ground screen to improve matters.

Bill A  

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From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Dave Sergeant" <dsergeant@connectfree.co.uk>
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On 25 Nov 2002 at 17:58, Rik Strobbe wrote:

> I am about to put up a transmitting loop antenna. Dimensions will be 23m
> long and 15m high. Thanks to Dick (PA0SE) I could achieve a wheel of 7mm
> litz wire, so wire losses should be minimized (about 0.04 Ohm).

Excellent news! Hope it works out well.

You may like to consider a totally capacitor matching network as 
shown on my website. This may be a problem at high powers but nothing 
like as bad as some on this reflector prophesy.  Philips 376 
capacitors are pretty beefy components and can handling pretty big 
currents. Doing this will eliminate any loss in the matching 
transformer.  There may however be some virtue in using a transformer 
to provide a balanced feed - see the arrangement Steve GW4ALG used 
when he was active on the band 
(http://www.alg.demon.co.uk/radio/136/intro.htm) which is a variation 
of mine. Steve made the mistake of having his matching network remote 
in the shack, so his feeder loss was in series with the loop 
resistance - the transformation to 50 ohms MUST be done right at the 
feedpoint.

Your hoped for 0.04 ohms looks rather optimistic! If it is really 
going to be this low then height above ground may be important. In my 
case the effective ground coupling loss relates to around 0.3ohms, 
half of my total loss. You may find it hard to reduce this low 
enough, even by raising the loop quite high above ground, to avoid 
swamping your wire loss.

In my case, the base of the loop is only around 0.5m above ground, 
and runs against my garden fence. This was a compromise, as it was in 
any case difficult to get it in the clear and putting the base higher 
without being able to increase the height of the top would result in 
the loop area being reduced. Swings and roundabouts, and probably why 
it never really worked that well.

Good luck, keep us informed.

73s Dave G3YMC

dsergeant@iee.org
dsergeant@btinternet.com
http://www.dsergeant.btinternet.co.uk





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From: "Rik Strobbe" <rik.strobbe@fys.kuleuven.ac.be>
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Hello Bill,


>First. Is 7mm the actual wire diam or the wire plus insulation?
7mm is de actual diameter, there is no extra isolation around the whole 
bunch of wires.

> >What distance should I keep to the ground ?
>
>I like 6 feet as the best compromise. The ground loss will amount to about
>1/2 of your total loss loss with a loop this size and conductor Rac this
>low. I'll give you a number later, based on my data.
OK, I'll keep the lower part 2m - 6ft8 from the ground for practical 
reasons (I'm 1m90 - 6ft4)

> >What distance should I keep to the greenery (birch trees)
>
>The trees will have almost no effect. I run my conductor (now a 1/2" Cu
>pipe, in full contact with the trees (see my loop website at
>http://www.ThePittsfieldInn.com/Bill/ for a picture of this), but it's a
>good idea to have some spacing at the lower portions of the loop where the
>voltage to ground is the highest. Also, you will have to protect the Litz
>wire from abrasion from the trees. That's a valuable piece of cable!
That sounds great, 'close contact' to the trees would allow me to increase 
the loop area from 300m^2 to 350m^2.

> >How to match the antenna ? As it is an experimental setup I would tend to
> >keep the resonance tuning (= series capacitor) and impedance matching (=
> >transformer) separated.
>
>DO NOT separate these components! This a very common mistake. The
>transformer and capacitor bank must be next to the loop feed point or the
>losses will kill you.
OK. I didn't mean to put them at different places, just to make resonance 
tuning and impedance matching independent of each other.
What I had in mind was something like fig.2b in your loop article 
(http://www.thepittsfieldinn.com/Bill/Loop1.htm)

73, Rik  ON7YD



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<HTML><FONT FACE=arial,helvetica><FONT  SIZE=2 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="2">Hi Dexter and John<BR>
<BR>
<BLOCKQUOTE TYPE=CITE style="BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px">Compare John's signal plot with mine.<BR>
http://webpages.charter.net/w1tag/cap-1.jpg<BR>
http://www.gostanly.com/w4dex/75khz/hbg.jpg</BLOCKQUOTE><BR>
<BR>
... fascinating!<BR>
<BR>
Markus, DF6NM<BR>
</FONT></HTML>

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From: "Dexter McIntyre W4DEX" <dmcintyre@att.net>
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Just looked at W1TAG's HBG plot and saw he has the same sharp dip in
signal but slightly earlier than what I saw.  This dip occurred about
half and hour before sunset here.  Of course John's sunset is slightly
earlier than mine.  

Compare John's signal plot with mine.

http://webpages.charter.net/w1tag/cap-1.jpg

http://www.gostanly.com/w4dex/75khz/hbg.jpg

Dexter


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From: "Dexter McIntyre W4DEX" <dmcintyre@att.net>
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I am now posting the latest HBG plots as received in North Carolina at
this url:


http://www.gostanly.com/w4dex/75khz/hbg.jpg


I will update this plot at about 15 min intervals.  This will be a lot
easier to view than last night's multitude of captures.  

Dexter


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<HTML><FONT FACE=arial,helvetica><FONT  SIZE=2 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="2">Hi Goup,<BR>
<BR>
 on 135934Hz since 2200 UT there is a strong QPSK31 signal, about 29dBuV/m from southeast, appearing to be SXV. I can read it with G3PLX's PSK31-SB, the error correction seems to accept it but only rubbish on screen, so probably encrypted. I wonder whether they might like to have a QSO...<BR>
<BR>
73 de Markus, DF6NM<BR>
</FONT></HTML>

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From: "John Andrews" <w1tag@charter.net>
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Alan,

I'm planning to let this run until Thursday morning. I will be doing some
antenna work at that point that would throw everything out of whack.

You should look at W4DEX's data to see if it shows a similar peak and dip.
Our fading times last night were different.

SR time here is presently 11:50z, and SS is 2118z.

Let's see what happens tomorrow!

John Andrews



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From: "Alan Melia" <Alan.Melia@btinternet.com>
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Hi John, your plot continues to be interesting. The little (well 10dB !!)
peak at 1500z looks like it roughly corresponds to the time when the sun is
due south (i.e. radiation strongest) at the mid point of the path. To my
thinking this indicates that there is perhaps a one-hop mode operating. We
have sometimes seen this when there has been daytime transmission of CFH due
to geomagnetic storms. I believe that DCF39 which is stronger than CFH shows
this effect often......certainly John VE1ZJ mentioned it several times.

I think , although I have not checked it on geoclock, that the dip at 0915z
this "morning" might correspond to the dawn at the mid-path point (at 90kms
altitude, rather than at sea level) I have not normally seen a deep dip on
East<>West paths so I am not sure about that one. It will be interesting to
see if it occurs every "morning". I believe it could be the sun illuminating
the D-layer from underneath (as described in a Bob Brown paper in QEX ) and
building up a thick absorbing layer. As later the sun's altitude increases,
it pushes up the electron density still further but from above and forces
the "reflection level" down reducing the thickness of the absorbing layer
that the waves must tranverse.  Don't take this a gospel.....I am just
trying to make sense of it in my own way.......and waiting for someone to
say  "that is rubbish because....".  You sometimes have to stick your neck
out to get a good discussion going !!

Cheers de Alan G3NYK
alan.melia@btinternet.com




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Hi Rik,

>I am about to put up a transmitting loop antenna. Dimensions will be 23m 
>long and 15m high. Thanks to Dick (PA0SE) I could achieve a wheel of 7mm 
>litz wire, so wire losses should be minimized (about 0.04 Ohm).

Delighted to read about what you are up to!

First. Is 7mm the actual wire diam or the wire plus insulation?

>What distance should I keep to the ground ? 

I like 6 feet as the best compromise. The ground loss will amount to about
1/2 of your total loss loss with a loop this size and conductor Rac this
low. I'll give you a number later, based on my data. 

>What distance should I keep to the greenery (birch trees)

The trees will have almost no effect. I run my conductor (now a 1/2" Cu
pipe, in full contact with the trees (see my loop website at
http://www.ThePittsfieldInn.com/Bill/ for a picture of this), but it's a
good idea to have some spacing at the lower portions of the loop where the
voltage to ground is the highest. Also, you will have to protect the Litz
wire from abrasion from the trees. That's a valuable piece of cable!  
 
>How to match the antenna ? As it is an experimental setup I would tend to 
>keep the resonance tuning (= series capacitor) and impedance matching (= 
>transformer) separated.

DO NOT separate these components! This a very common mistake. The
transformer and capacitor bank must be next to the loop feed point or the
losses will kill you.

>Any experience with a 100/1 .. 400/1 transformer 
>(matching 50 Ohm of the TX to  0.1 .. 0.4 Ohm of the loop - at least I hope

>to get losses that low).

I have no experience with high power cores but the ratios look correct.
Suggest a focussing some attention to core losses.

>if Rloss = 0.2 Ohm and 450W RF power -> antenna current  = 47A  -> EIRP 
= 675mW

A loop this large will perform well, Rik, if you pay close attention to the
transformer, and capacitor bank. The effectiveness once the area is fixed is
all in the loop current.

Good luck!

Bill A




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From: "Rik Strobbe" <rik.strobbe@fys.kuleuven.ac.be>
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Hello group,

I am about to put up a transmitting loop antenna. Dimensions will be 23m 
long and 15m high. Thanks to Dick (PA0SE) I could achieve a wheel of 7mm 
litz wire, so wire losses should be minimized (about 0.04 Ohm).

Some questions :

- What distance should I keep to the ground ? It's a tradeoff between loop 
area (and thus radiation resistance) and loss resistance.
- What distance should I keep to the greenery (birch trees) ? Same tradeoff 
as above but also keeping in mind that the trees are used as antenna 
support and that the 7mm litz wire is rather heavy stuff (so from the 
mechanical point of view it would be best to have the wire just hanging on 
the branches).
- How to match the antenna ? As it is an experimental setup I would tend to 
keep the resonance tuning (= series capacitor) and impedance matching (= 
transformer) separated. Any experience with a 100/1 .. 400/1 transformer 
(matching 50 Ohm of the TX to  0.1 .. 0.4 Ohm of the loop - at least I hope 
to get losses that low).

Some quick and dirty calculations :
If the lower wire is 1m above ground then the loop area is 322m^2 and 
radiation resistance is 0.14 .. 0.28 milli-Ohm (let's assume 0.2 milli-Ohm).
1. if Rloss = 1 Ohm and 450W RF power -> antenna current  = 21A  -> EIRP = 
135mW
2. if Rloss = 0.5 Ohm and 450W RF power -> antenna current  = 30A  -> EIRP 
= 370mW
3. if Rloss = 0.2 Ohm and 450W RF power -> antenna current  = 47A  -> EIRP 
= 675mW
4. to get 1W EIRP with 450W RF power I would need 71A antenna current and 
losses as low as 0.09 Ohm

73, Rik  ON7YD




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Peter,

> I suggest that you make a plot that records the data over a six or eight
> hour period and post daily in a similar manner to what Alan does. (Does
> SpecLab allow this?).

I'm playing with this, too. A plot of the last 8 hours may be seen at:
http://webpages.charter.net/w1tag/cap-1.jpg

The times are UTC. I'll let this run until tonight. Unfortunately, I don't
have a second receiver to dedicate to the process.

John Andrews, W1TAG



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Hi Dex



> I'm working on building a dedicated system for monitoring LF signals.
> For a test I am presently recording HBG 75 KHz and posting to a web page
> which updates every 15 minuets.  Time on the Spectrum Lab plotter is
> UTC.  Times on the index page when the files were loaded are UTC -5
> hours.  I started this run at local solar noon.  HBG's signal is now
> steadily rising.
>
> From this page click on the highest HBG number to see the latest capture
> which should be no older than 15 minuets.
>
> http://www.gostanly.com/w4dex/75khz/
>
I think that this is a splendid effort, however I do have a couple of
suggestions.
By posting an update every 15mins you are very soon going to be overwhelmed
with data.
I suggest that you make a plot that records the data over a six or eight
hour period and post daily in a similar manner to what Alan does. (Does
SpecLab allow this?). This would allow us all to compare the signal
strengths over a period and see if it can be correlated with any other data
and make possible predictions of good 73kHz TA conditions. They might not be
the same as for 136kHz.
A 15min near real time is very useful when deciding or running 73kHz tests
and perhaps they could be given in text as a data figure in dBs (that relate
to your chart), which could go to your site or the LF reflector as an
e-mail.
Regards,
Peter, G3LDO

e-mail <g3ldo@ukonline.co.uk>

Web <http://web.ukonline.co.uk/g3ldo>






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Hi Dex they look interesting. You dont seem to have any dramatic level
shifts, which is just a bit surprising. There was a storm on the 21st which
should really be beginning to have some effect now.....silly
question.....you do have the AGC off, I presume?? Otherwise I think the
noise trace would give the game away. Are these levels similar to those you
found a few days ago when you were experimenting? or are they already
depressed?? Are you saving the text-file as well as posting the current
plots? Those will be more interesting to work back through again as you
collect  more data.

Great job ...well done (Thanks to Wolf ...again!)
Cheers de Alan G3NYK
alan.melia@btinternet.com




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Hi Dex,
This is good, we are entering an interesting period and I was considering
beacon transmissions to check propagation.If you can continue with these
reports we should be able to gather some very useful information.
I would particularly like to see an all night plot say 8 hours.
Thanks Laurie.



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Hi Dexter
> I'm working on building a dedicated system for monitoring LF signals.
> For a test I am presently recording HBG 75 KHz and posting to a web page
> which updates every 15 minuets.  Time on the Spectrum Lab plotter is
> UTC.  Times on the index page when the files were loaded are UTC -5
> hours.  I started this run at local solar noon.  HBG's signal is now
> steadily rising.

This looks like a good 73kHz propagation indicator and we should be able to
see how it correlates with the K index, which was around 3 at around
2100UTC.

Regards,
Peter, G3LDO

e-mail <g3ldo@ukonline.co.uk>

Web <http://web.ukonline.co.uk/g3ldo>




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From: "Dexter McIntyre W4DEX" <dmcintyre@att.net>
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I'm working on building a dedicated system for monitoring LF signals. 
For a test I am presently recording HBG 75 KHz and posting to a web page
which updates every 15 minuets.  Time on the Spectrum Lab plotter is
UTC.  Times on the index page when the files were loaded are UTC -5
hours.  I started this run at local solar noon.  HBG's signal is now
steadily rising.

>From this page click on the highest HBG number to see the latest capture
which should be no older than 15 minuets.

http://www.gostanly.com/w4dex/75khz/

Please tell me if you have any suggestions.  If I knew what I was doing
I wouldn't be having as much fun.

Dexter


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From: "WE0H" <we0h@core.com>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Cc: dibene@usa.net
Date: Sun, 24 Nov 2002 12:58:25 -0600
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Hi Alberto,
Yes it works perfect. Thank you very much. Beautiful program. It looks so
much nicer than before.
Thanks,
Mike>WE0H
http://www.we0h.us/lf.html
185.3026kc QRSS-30 & CW@15wpm
ID is "WE"

-----Original Message-----
From: owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
[mailto:owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org]On Behalf Of Alberto di Bene
Sent: Sunday, November 24, 2002 10:56 AM
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: Re: LF: Win 95 ARGO v.130 bug???

WE0H wrote:

>Hi Alberto,
>Here is what I see after the install when I try to run the new ARGO. Two
>error windows open up and they each say "C:\argo\argo.exe"  "A device
>attached to the system is not functioning". The second window says "Error
>starting program". "The argo.exe file is linked to missing export
>OLEAUT32.DLL:173".
>
>
>
Hi Mike,
         ha, the old OLEAUT32 problem ! That is easy... you simply have
an outdated
OLEAUT32.DLL file in your PC.  To download the latest version, go here :
http://www.weaksignals.com/bin/oleaut32.zip
Unzip the file into the C:\Windows\System directory, answering YES to
the message about
replacing an existing file.  Then Argo should work ok.  If not, let me know.

73  Alberto  I2PHD




_____________________________________________________
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From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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WE0H wrote:

>Hi Alberto,
>Here is what I see after the install when I try to run the new ARGO. Two
>error windows open up and they each say "C:\argo\argo.exe"  "A device
>attached to the system is not functioning". The second window says "Error
>starting program". "The argo.exe file is linked to missing export
>OLEAUT32.DLL:173".
>
>  
>
Hi Mike,
         ha, the old OLEAUT32 problem ! That is easy... you simply have 
an outdated
OLEAUT32.DLL file in your PC.  To download the latest version, go here :
http://www.weaksignals.com/bin/oleaut32.zip
Unzip the file into the C:\Windows\System directory, answering YES to 
the message about
replacing an existing file.  Then Argo should work ok.  If not, let me know.

73  Alberto  I2PHD




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "WE0H" <we0h@core.com>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
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Date: Sun, 24 Nov 2002 09:41:36 -0600
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Hi Alberto,
Here is what I see after the install when I try to run the new ARGO. Two
error windows open up and they each say "C:\argo\argo.exe"  "A device
attached to the system is not functioning". The second window says "Error
starting program". "The argo.exe file is linked to missing export
OLEAUT32.DLL:173".

I am running a Pentium 133 laptop with 48m of memory. ARGO v.128 runs and
installs perfect in the same C:\argo folder. I tried a fresh install into an
empty folder and also just over writing the old data in the original Argo
folder. Each install method produces the same two Windows error windows.

I hope this helps you out. I really want to run the latest version.


Thanks es 73's,
Mike>WE0H
http://www.we0h.us/lf.html


>Mike, thanks for the report. Could you please try again and take note of
>the exact error you get ?
>If the error happens when installing, before you can actually launch the
>program, then
>Argo is not the culprit, but rather WinRAR, which is used for the
>self-expansion of the
>package.   Thanks.

>73  Alberto  I2PHD









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<HTML><FONT FACE=arial,helvetica><FONT  SIZE=2>Hi Alberto,
<BR>
<BR>I tried your latest release - again a nice piece of art !
<BR>
<BR>No problems when running a single program instance under Win XP (on a 1.7 GHz machine), stable for hours.
<BR>
<BR>Then I played a trick to consume a bit more &nbsp;CPU power: I started a 2nd, 3rd and 4th instance of Argo which was ok for a few seconds. Then, one of the instances only produced horizontal lines on the waterfall screen with no more sign of life. It stayed this way, even after closing the other instances. As you already guessed, it may be a timing or synchronization problem with the sound-acquiring thread. Maybe this is a trick to test the programt under "very adverse circumstances".
<BR>
<BR>Cheers and have a nice weekend,
<BR>
<BR>Wolf DL4YHF.
<BR>
<BR></FONT></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "WE0H" <we0h@core.com>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
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Yes it did give me the message when I tried to run ARGO after the install. I
will try it again tonight and write down the message. If I remember correct,
it was missing some file. I'll let you know later what it said.

Mike>WE0H
http://www.we0h.us/lf.html

-----Original Message-----
From: owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
[mailto:owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org]On Behalf Of Alberto di Bene
Sent: Friday, November 22, 2002 11:15 AM
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: Re: LF: RE: RE: WinXp and Argo : peace treaty signed

WE0H wrote:

>I got a weird error message when trying to install it on my P166 laptop
with
>Win95 OSR2. V.128 works fine on it.
>
>Mike>WE0H
>
>
Mike, thanks for the report. Could you please try again and take note of
the exact error you get ?
If the error happens when installing, before you can actually launch the
program, then
Argo is not the culprit, but rather WinRAR, which is used for the
self-expansion of the
package.   Thanks.

73  Alberto  I2PHD





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Subject: Re: LF: Alberto and the fox......
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Alan Melia wrote:

>Hi all, it sounds like a fairytale from a well known Danish writer......Hi
>Alberto you will be allowed to hunt bugs and foxes in the UK ....but you
>must not use a dog (or dogs) for sniffing them out.....I presume this will
>apply to truffles too !!  Secretly there is great interest in cloning Babe
>!!
>No problems here on Win95b or Win98.
>  
>

Alan,
   thanks. Then, I will have to let my schnauzer dog home, when I'll go 
hunting  :-)
And she is not much interested in truffles, anyway, let alone program 
bugs...
foxes are ruled out, we don't have many left in Italy, as far as I know.

Seriously, if all those who have Windows XP or 2000 could do a test of 
Argo, and report the
outcomes, that would help. Judging from the screen capture that Gary has 
sent,
it looks like in his case the program continues to run, just the audio 
buffers are not
refreshed anymore,  as if the sound-acquiring thread were stuck somehow.

Thanks for the cooperation,

73  Alberto  I2PHD





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WE0H wrote:

>I got a weird error message when trying to install it on my P166 laptop with
>Win95 OSR2. V.128 works fine on it.
>
>Mike>WE0H
>  
>
Mike, thanks for the report. Could you please try again and take note of 
the exact error you get ?
If the error happens when installing, before you can actually launch the 
program, then
Argo is not the culprit, but rather WinRAR, which is used for the 
self-expansion of the
package.   Thanks.

73  Alberto  I2PHD





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----- Original Message -----
From: "WE0H" <we0h@core.com>
To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: Friday, November 22, 2002 12:00 AM
Subject: LF: RE: RE: WinXp and Argo : peace treaty signed


> I got a weird error message when trying to install it on my P166 laptop
with
> Win95 OSR2. V.128 works fine on it.

Its my P166 laptop that seems to give most trouble with Argo.
The computer is a Compaq P166/Intel Pentumum 32kb ram with Win 95 and dont
understand why it crashes with argo, other progs QRS etc seem to run ok.
G3KEV

>
> Mike>WE0H
> http://www.we0h.us/lf.html
>



>
>
>



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Mike Dennison" <mike.dennison@ntlworld.com>
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References: <LNEDLBPBBNGOKDMCCGJNKEBJCCAA.g4wgt@talkgas.net> <3DDCE462.5070003@usa.net> <000601c2916c$47f48d60$9d740450@oemcomputer>
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> I am using Windows ME on a 600MHz Pentium. Argo was stable for over an
hour
> this morning. Will do an overnight test just to make sure.

The overnight test was fine. No problems.

Mike, G3XDV
http://www.lf.thersgb.net
====================



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Alan Melia" <Alan.Melia@btinternet.com>
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Hi all, it sounds like a fairytale from a well known Danish writer......Hi
Alberto you will be allowed to hunt bugs and foxes in the UK ....but you
must not use a dog (or dogs) for sniffing them out.....I presume this will
apply to truffles too !!  Secretly there is great interest in cloning Babe
!!
No problems here on Win95b or Win98.

Cheers de Alan G3NYK
alan.melia@btinternet.com




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From: "WE0H" <we0h@core.com>
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I got a weird error message when trying to install it on my P166 laptop with
Win95 OSR2. V.128 works fine on it.

Mike>WE0H
http://www.we0h.us/lf.html

-----Original Message-----
From: owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
[mailto:owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org]On Behalf Of Alberto di Bene
Sent: Thursday, November 21, 2002 7:49 AM
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: LF: RE: WinXp and Argo : peace treaty signed

G4WGT wrote:

>Hi Alberto & All,
>
>Still having problems with Argo (Peace Treaty Version).
>[...]
>
>
Richard.Gasparik@siemens.com wrote :

> The same here, still a problem. I'm running Win2k, Service pack 3,
Notebook
> with Pentium III 700MHz and 256MB RAM.

Gary and Rich,

   thanks for your reports. Something seems still to be done.
But it would be interesting to know whether the problem happens only
with Windows 2000, which both of you seem to use, or with other opsys too.
So, if someone is having similar problems on a platform other than
Windows 2000, please report it. I will wait a few days for reports, before
starting a new hunt... (wasn't the hunt to the fox on discussion to be
banned
in the UK ?  :-)

73  Alberto  I2PHD






_____________________________________________________
This message scanned for viruses by CoreComm




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Alberto:

New ARGO is fine on my Win98 PII/450 for two overnight capture sessions.

Jay Rusgrove, W1VD

Mike Dennison wrote:

> > But it would be interesting to know whether the problem happens only
> > with Windows 2000, which both of you seem to use, or with other opsys too.
> > So, if someone is having similar problems on a platform other than
> > Windows 2000, please report it. I will wait a few days for reports, before
> > starting a new hunt... (wasn't the hunt to the fox on discussion to be
> banned
> > in the UK ?  :-)
>
> I am using Windows ME on a 600MHz Pentium. Argo was stable for over an hour
> this morning. Will do an overnight test just to make sure.
>
> Mike, G3XDV
> http://www.lf.thersgb.net
> ====================



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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> But it would be interesting to know whether the problem happens only
> with Windows 2000, which both of you seem to use, or with other opsys too.
> So, if someone is having similar problems on a platform other than
> Windows 2000, please report it. I will wait a few days for reports, before
> starting a new hunt... (wasn't the hunt to the fox on discussion to be
banned
> in the UK ?  :-)

I am using Windows ME on a 600MHz Pentium. Argo was stable for over an hour
this morning. Will do an overnight test just to make sure.

Mike, G3XDV
http://www.lf.thersgb.net
====================



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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G4WGT wrote:

>Hi Alberto & All,
>
>Still having problems with Argo (Peace Treaty Version).
>[...]
>  
>
Richard.Gasparik@siemens.com wrote :

> The same here, still a problem. I'm running Win2k, Service pack 3, Notebook
> with Pentium III 700MHz and 256MB RAM.

Gary and Rich,

   thanks for your reports. Something seems still to be done.
But it would be interesting to know whether the problem happens only 
with Windows 2000, which both of you seem to use, or with other opsys too.
So, if someone is having similar problems on a platform other than 
Windows 2000, please report it. I will wait a few days for reports, before
starting a new hunt... (wasn't the hunt to the fox on discussion to be banned
in the UK ?  :-)

73  Alberto  I2PHD






From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: g3wkl@btinternet.com
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Subject: LF: Region 1 IARU Conference: 136 & 500kHz
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I was waiting to make an announcement and combine it with a comment on the 500kHz position, once a chairman for a proposed Working Group was agreed (see below), however, since Stewart has put his note out it makes sense to comment now on the LF related matters from the Conference.

I can confirm that the proposed Guideline for 136kHz, see http://www.g3wkl.freeserve.co.uk/lf/136kHz.html was unanimously adopted.  I'll update the website soon to reflect the position and also underline that it's not a Band plan as such, but a guideline for giving direction to the use of the band in the absence of other factors, e.g. some experiments on a novel mode, particular DX operating needs, etc.

With reference to the proposal that RSGB put forward for consideration of an amateur allocation at or around 500kHz, I understand that the Conference recognised the ITU policy is that no changes will take place in allocations around 500 kHz in the near future.  However, it was agreed that this should not stop us putting a small Working Group together with a view to developing an approach, and it was suggested that we considered a 10kHz segment between 470 and 490kHz.  The Working Group would need to recognise that this would be a long-term task, with a further proposal unlikely to be put forward until after WRC03.  With the national societies I am in the process of putting together such a working group; any volunteers should e-mail me directly. 

73 John Gould, G3WKL
IARU Region 1 LF Co-ordinator


> -----Original Message-----
> From: owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
> [mailto:owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org]On Behalf Of Stewart Bryant
> Sent: Wednesday, November 20, 2002 16:00
> To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
> Subject: LF: 136KHz IARU Bandplan
> 
> 
>  From the San Marino Report
> 
> "Band planning guidelines for 136kHz operation were agreed."
> 
> Anyone know where the details are published?
> 
> Stewart G3YSX
> 
> 
>


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Hi, Group.

On Thu, 21 Nov 2002 g3wkl@btinternet.com wrote:

> 
> With reference to the proposal that RSGB put forward for consideration of 
an amateur allocation at or around 500kHz, 

It should be wonderfull! 136 kHz is too low and 1.8 MHz is too high...



73 de RA9MB/Alex
http://www.qsl.net/ra9mb





From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Gasparik Richard" <Richard.Gasparik@siemens.com>
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Hi Alberto & all...

The same here, still a problem. I'm running Win2k, Service pack 3, Notebook
with Pentium III 700MHz and 256MB RAM.

73 de Rich OM2TW

-----Original Message-----
From: G4WGT [mailto:g4wgt@talkgas.net]
Sent: Thursday, November 21, 2002 10:35 AM
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: LF: RE: WinXp and Argo : peace treaty signed


Hi Alberto & All,

Still having problems with Argo (Peace Treaty Version).

Within 1 hr of starting Argo the waterfall display goes into solid white
lines on normal blue background, the time is maintained correctly & the tick
markers are still running correctly on left. If I stop Argo & then start
Argo it will run ok for up tp 1 hr again.

I am using Windows 2000 pro, Pentium II 500 Mhz & 256 Mb RAM.

Is anyone else experiencing this or similar problem.

I am going to send a screen capture direct to Alberto showing my problem
effect.

73

Gary    G4WGT

-----Original Message-----
From: owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
[mailto:owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org]On Behalf Of Alberto di Bene
Sent: 19 November 2002 22:40
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Cc: lf; lowfer@mailman.qth.net
Subject: LF: WinXp and Argo : peace treaty signed


Today WinXP and Argo have signed a peace treaty.
Or, at least, a non-belligerance common understanding...:-)

If you want to test the robustness of that treaty, please
download again the program from :
http://www.weaksignals.com

and please send both negative and positive reports
with WinXP and/or Win2k, so that I know  how it behaves now.

Thanks

73  Alberto  I2PHD



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From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Hi Alberto & All,

Still having problems with Argo (Peace Treaty Version).

Within 1 hr of starting Argo the waterfall display goes into solid white
lines on normal blue background, the time is maintained correctly & the tick
markers are still running correctly on left. If I stop Argo & then start
Argo it will run ok for up tp 1 hr again.

I am using Windows 2000 pro, Pentium II 500 Mhz & 256 Mb RAM.

Is anyone else experiencing this or similar problem.

I am going to send a screen capture direct to Alberto showing my problem
effect.

73

Gary    G4WGT

-----Original Message-----
From: owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
[mailto:owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org]On Behalf Of Alberto di Bene
Sent: 19 November 2002 22:40
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Cc: lf; lowfer@mailman.qth.net
Subject: LF: WinXp and Argo : peace treaty signed


Today WinXP and Argo have signed a peace treaty.
Or, at least, a non-belligerance common understanding...:-)

If you want to test the robustness of that treaty, please
download again the program from :
http://www.weaksignals.com

and please send both negative and positive reports
with WinXP and/or Win2k, so that I know  how it behaves now.

Thanks

73  Alberto  I2PHD



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From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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> Peter G3LDO put a lot of good stiff  in "the Low Frequency Experimenters
> Handbook" RSGB 2000

So THAT"S where Peter puts the dead bodies! <g>

John Andrews



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----- Original Message -----
I take it you mean "wire in the air
> has 100 times more worth than wire on the ground.")
Yes thats my experience
> I take it the LF reflector has no on-line archive of past postings ???
 Right, but people are working on it.
Peter G3LDO put a lot of good stiff  in "the Low Frequency Experimenters
Handbook" RSGB 2000

> (fingers still sore from winding miles of wire round plastic bucket !)
 We've all been there Hi
Looking forward to hearing you and Steve
Laurie.


>
>



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Hi Laurie,
> "Wire in the air has 100 times more worth than wire in the air "
> There I've said it again sorry.

Don't be sorry,
Steve is not the only one currently winding coils and contemplating top and
bottom loads, and I don't think I have been following the reflector long
enough to have heard you say it before. (I take it you mean "wire in the air
has 100 times more worth than wire on the ground.")

I take it the LF reflector has no on-line archive of past postings ???

73, Hugh M0WYE
(fingers still sore from winding miles of wire round plastic bucket !)




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 From the San Marino Report

"Band planning guidelines for 136kHz operation were agreed."

Anyone know where the details are published?

Stewart G3YSX



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Message-ID: <000701c29094$87da85c0$ea00a8c0@f3a3a2>
From: "Laurie Mayhead" <laurie@g3aqc.freeserve.co.uk>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
References: <000701c29080$5c4c19a0$402d7ad5@main>
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----- Original Message -----
From: "Alan Melia" <Alan.Melia@btinternet.com>
To: "LF-Group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: Wednesday, November 20, 2002 10:32 AM
Subject: LF: re Spiral


> Hi Steve, that sounds quite a beastie. we only got to 700 or so
uH.....1.4mH
> top load sounds very interesting. I think the problem is that you will not
> get any help from "analysis" as most of the theoretical treatments dont
seem
> to be able to deal with inductive top-load and the effect of increased
> top-capacitance on ground loss. My guess is that you will not see much
more
> increase in Rrad now, but I cant judge what effect further development
will
> have on the ground loss.
>
> You are certainly going the right way to judge from our experiments.  The
> problem on ground loss is that the foot-print (as Laurie would call it) is
> defined by the sillouette of the spiral so doesnt really increase with the
> amount of wire used.  Our ground loss only started to decrease when we put
> top-load wires out from the apex above the spiral but then "covering new
> ground". I suspect you will have to get the best you can with ground wires
> ("radials") probably earthed at the ends, like woulld be needed for a true
> vertical.  You obviously will not need much inductance at the bottom to
tune
> up to resonance. Are you able to make any measurements on the structure
yet
> ??
>
> This is a very interesting project.
>
> Cheers de Alan G3NYK
> alan.melia@btinternet.com
>
 Hi Alan and Steve,
If I can put my bit in here I think that the spiral top load will be a nice
low loss inductor but as Alan says, in itself it will not "see" much ground.
Rrad depends on the height of the vert. section so it will not increase, The
great advantage of the spiral will be to increase the potential of whatever
top wire you can manage to get up,making it more effective,but as I have
said boringly so many times,  the more the better,its the  "foot print" that
matters and the worse the ground the bigger the foot print needs to be"Wire
in the air has 100 times more worth than wire in the air " There I've said
it again sorry.
73 Laurie .
>
>
>
>
>



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Alan Melia" <Alan.Melia@btinternet.com>
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Hi Steve, that sounds quite a beastie. we only got to 700 or so uH.....1.4mH
top load sounds very interesting. I think the problem is that you will not
get any help from "analysis" as most of the theoretical treatments dont seem
to be able to deal with inductive top-load and the effect of increased
top-capacitance on ground loss. My guess is that you will not see much more
increase in Rrad now, but I cant judge what effect further development will
have on the ground loss.

You are certainly going the right way to judge from our experiments.  The
problem on ground loss is that the foot-print (as Laurie would call it) is
defined by the sillouette of the spiral so doesnt really increase with the
amount of wire used.  Our ground loss only started to decrease when we put
top-load wires out from the apex above the spiral but then "covering new
ground". I suspect you will have to get the best you can with ground wires
("radials") probably earthed at the ends, like woulld be needed for a true
vertical.  You obviously will not need much inductance at the bottom to tune
up to resonance. Are you able to make any measurements on the structure yet
??

This is a very interesting project.

Cheers de Alan G3NYK
alan.melia@btinternet.com







From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Hello Alberto,
got no problems with the new version and WIN XP! Think its now bugfree. Thanks for this fine hamware.
73 Bernd , DF8ZR


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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On Tuesday 19 November 2002 22:05, G4WGT wrote:

> I have made some progress on Spiral Top Load antenna, 310 cms corner to
> corner, 16 turns at 8 cms spacing (didn't want to go too tight). This
> produced 0.432 mH with (81 mtrs of wire) single spiral  & 1.424 mH with
> (162 mtrs of wire) double spiral, that's as far as I have got, transmitter
> almost finished, will keep you posted.
Please can someone confirm if I'm getting my analysis of the spiral (or other 
top) loading right?

Consider 30m toploading wire, about 150pF (-j7800). Putting 1.4mH (j1200) at 
the top of the vertical gives a net -j6600, or 177pF - equivalent to 35m of 
top loading without any inductance.

With 60m toploading, 1.4mH increases the effective length to 86m - starting 
to get worthwhile.

Thanks,

Steve


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Mitch Powell" <m_powell@sympatico.ca>
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Using Windows ME Millenium edition and experiencing no problems.
PII Laptop  300 MHz.

Thank you.

73
Mitch  VE3OT



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Dave Pick" <g3yxm@wireless.org.uk>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
References: <OJEGIJDBBILFHAHBJHDOMEAHCAAA.sbro-aa@online.no> <3DD96F2A.2000405@usa.net> <3DDABDB0.4070103@usa.net>
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Windows 2000 seems to like it too!

Thanks Alberto.

Dave G3YXM
----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Alberto di Bene" <dibene@usa.net>
To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Cc: "lf" <lf@amrad.org>; <lowfer@mailman.qth.net>
Sent: Tuesday, November 19, 2002 10:39 PM
Subject: LF: WinXp and Argo : peace treaty signed


> Today WinXP and Argo have signed a peace treaty.
> Or, at least, a non-belligerance common understanding...:-)
> 
> If you want to test the robustness of that treaty, please
> download again the program from :
> http://www.weaksignals.com
> 
> and please send both negative and positive reports
> with WinXP and/or Win2k, so that I know  how it behaves now.
> 
> Thanks
> 
> 73  Alberto  I2PHD
>  
> 
> 
> 




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Today WinXP and Argo have signed a peace treaty.
Or, at least, a non-belligerance common understanding...:-)

If you want to test the robustness of that treaty, please
download again the program from :
http://www.weaksignals.com

and please send both negative and positive reports
with WinXP and/or Win2k, so that I know  how it behaves now.

Thanks

73  Alberto  I2PHD
 



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Dave Pick" <g3yxm@wireless.org.uk>
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
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<BODY bgColor=#ffffff>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Dear all.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>I am now fully set up&nbsp;on 136 and 73k and am 
available most days throughout the day. Week days are usually free of the local 
noises which plague me at the weekends and I have had good conacts with F6BWO, 
DL1EIE, SM1LCA and SM6BHZ over the last week.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Some of the credit for this is down to the 
rotatable&nbsp;loop receiving antenna. Based on Jim's "lazy" design, it's a 4 
turn loop with 2mtr sides, tuned and rotated from the shack and using Jim's 
pre-amp design. It tunes down to 70kHz and will knock Rugby down by 
40dB.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>The most surprising thing has been its performance 
after dark, I find I can actually peak more distant signals to a 
quite&nbsp;useful amount by rotating the loop. The peak is quite sharp. I 
expected to be able to improve signal readabilty by nulling noises, not by 
peaking signals like using a&nbsp;VHF beam! The effect on F6BWO's signal just 
now was amazing!</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>If anyone wants a daytime sked let me know... and 
don't forget the first Tuesday in December for 73k tests.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>73.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Dave, G3YXM</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV></BODY></HTML>

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From: "G4WGT" <g4wgt@talkgas.net>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Date: Tue, 19 Nov 2002 22:05:41 -0000
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Hi Alan,

Thanks for the comments, unfortunately not so, Pentium II 500 Mhz - 256 Mb
RAM. I am sure that Alberto will sort it out. Even with the occasional loss
of the earlier Argo I think the software is very good.

I have made some progress on Spiral Top Load antenna, 310 cms corner to
corner, 16 turns at 8 cms spacing (didn't want to go too tight). This
produced 0.432 mH with (81 mtrs of wire) single spiral  & 1.424 mH with (162
mtrs of wire) double spiral, that's as far as I have got, transmitter almost
finished, will keep you posted.

-----Original Message-----
Subject: Re: LF: When you fix one thing...

Hi Gary, I think you may have been running the earlier version of Argo on a
machine with 32 or 64MB memory. I too had the same effect originally, and
suggested a memory "leak" to Alberto. I have been running a beta for some
time time now for Alberto and it seems to have pretty well cleared the
problem. I can run overnight captures without it locking up on both 95b and
98. So I think when he cures the "opening problem" on XP and 2000,  I think
you will find it runs reliably.

Cheers de Alan G3NYK
alan.melia@btinternet.com

-----Original Message-----
From: G4WGT <g4wgt@talkgas.net>
Subject: RE: LF: When you fix one thing..

>Using Widows 2000 Pro, Argo does not display on screen only shows on task
>bar at bottom, (Previous version OK except for being closed by Windows
after 1 or 2 hours due to error).
>
>73
>
>Gary  G4WGT.
>
>



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From: "hamilton mal" <g3kev.ham@virgin.net>
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD>
<META http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
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<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>HI All</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Reference feedback about the new release. I find it 
runs using win95 and win 98 on&nbsp; 166 mhz machines with 32 kb mem but suffers 
from the same problems as before, after a varying time from about 20 minutes to 
a few hours it crashes and causes other problems on the computer.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>I use 2 different computers and get the same 
trouble.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>It is a very useful prog and hope Alberto can fix 
it.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>There&nbsp;are no problems with other s/ware progs 
on my computers.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>73 de Mal/G3KEV</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV></BODY></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Dave Pick" <g3yxm@wireless.org.uk>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
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And on the LF news page there's some screen grabs.

Dave Pick
G3YXM
http://www.wireless.org.uk



> Hi Laurie I dont know whether you have seen the LWCA message board but
there
> is a listener report from Norway there. That is probably a first one-way
on
> either of the bands. I know it is not as far as the States but this could
> indicate as Jan-Martin suggests that there is some activity brewing now in
> LA .......... maybe some listening or cross-band activity will ensue.
>
> Cheers de ALan G3NYK
> alan.melia@btinternet.com
>
>
>
>




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From: "Gasparik Richard" <Richard.Gasparik@siemens.com>
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I have the same problem with W2K Pro...

73 de Rich OM2TW

-----Original Message-----
From: G4WGT [mailto:g4wgt@talkgas.net]
Sent: Monday, November 18, 2002 9:28 PM
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: RE: LF: When you fix one thing...


Hello Alberto,

Just downloaded & installed new version Argo.

Using Widows 2000 Pro, Argo does not display on screen only shows on task
bar at bottom, (Previous version OK except for being closed by Windows after
1 or 2 hours due to error).

73

Gary  G4WGT.



-----Original Message-----
From: owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
[mailto:owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org]On Behalf Of bernd grupe
Sent: 18 November 2002 17:45
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: Re: LF: When you fix one thing...


Hi Alberto,
can't open the new Vers. 130! I'm running WIN-XP(HOME ED.)When starting
argo.exe the window crash and just a icon is remaining in the taskline at
the bottom of the desktop. May be there is another bug in the compressed
file.
73 Bernd,DF8ZR

"Alberto di Bene" <dibene@usa.net> schrieb:
> .... usually you break another one....
>
> This is what has just happened with build 130 of Argo.
> If you find yourself unable to reload your favorite settings,
> just saved under a given name, please download again
> build 130 of Argo from http://www.weaksignals.com
> I made a small silly error. Hope it's the only one.
>
> 73  Alberto  I2PHD
>
>
>
>
>


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Date: Tue, 19 Nov 2002 06:35:11 +0200
From: "Alex Deligiannis" <sv8qg@otenet.gr>
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<!doctype html public "-//w3c//dtd html 4.0 transitional//en">
<html>
Leonid meteor storm peaks at my QTH around 03:45 Z no big ones and no <i>audible
hisss </i>but with some background CW music at 50.1 Mhz...
<br>Alex SV8QG</html>

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Hi Laurie I dont know whether you have seen the LWCA message board but there
is a listener report from Norway there. That is probably a first one-way on
either of the bands. I know it is not as far as the States but this could
indicate as Jan-Martin suggests that there is some activity brewing now in
LA .......... maybe some listening or cross-band activity will ensue.

Cheers de ALan G3NYK
alan.melia@btinternet.com




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Subject: Re: LF: Argo V1 build 130 released
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Alex Deligiannis wrote:

>Dear Alberto,
>                     V1.130 running here OK but I have a question about
>Spectran V1 which I use more than Argo. I found a difference of 110 to 120 mH
>between Argo readings and Spectran as follows:
>
>MSF >     Argo 799.73 Hz  Spectran  799.84 Hz
>
>HBG >     Argo 799.71 Hz  Spectran  799.84 Hz   and
>
>DCF77 > Argo 799.71 Hz   Spectran 799.84  Hz  (all CW mode 800 HZ pitch)
>
>I'm wandering why I have this difference between the two programs and second
>how I can calibrate  spectran.
>  
>
Dear Alex,
   there are a couple of things to consider.  First, the program 
settings. The FFT bins are
spaced according to the FFT length and sampling rate chosen, and the 
peak indicated
is that of the nearest bin. So you should compare Argo and Spectran at 
the same FFT
length and sampling rate. Spectran reports in its control panel those 
values, Argo doesn't.
Argo, when in horizontal mode, uses 5512 as sampling rate and FFT 
lengths as follows :

QRSS3  :   16384
QRSS10 :  65536
QRSS20 :  131072
QRSS30 :  262144     etc. etc.

But there is a second point to consider : when I said that the nearest 
bin is used for
indicating the peak frequency, I cheated a little. That is true for 
Spectran.
In Argo I tried to be a bit smarter... the peak indicated is computed 
with a
quadratic interpolation of three adjacent bins, the highest magnitude 
one and its two
neighbours,  using their relative magnitudes as weights.
So, all in all, may be Argo is a tad more precise than Spectran, at 
least at comparable
resolutions.

As for calibration, the current version of Spectran doesn't have that 
facility. May be
in a forthcoming one...

73  Alberto  I2PHD

 




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From: "Alberto di Bene" <dibene@usa.net>
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Subject: LF: ARGO V1, build 130 and Win XP
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Hello all,

  I have received many reports that Argo V1_130 doesn't work
with Win XP and possibly also with Win 2000, while it is ok on Win 98.

Today I have reinstalled (for the umpteenth time...) Win XP Pro
on my PC just to check, and... sure indeed, it starts minimized
and nothing can convince it to show its window.

An older version of Argo worked ok, as did Spectran.
So I am able to reproduce the problem, and hope to come out with a
solution in a short time.  
Sorry for the inconvenience (and thanks to Bill for his attention to
backward compatibility...:-(

73  Alberto  I2PHD




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Alan Melia" <Alan.Melia@btinternet.com>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
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Subject: Re: LF: When you fix one thing...
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Hi Gary, I think you may have been running the earlier version of Argo on a
machine with 32 or 64MB memory. I too had the same effect originally, and
suggested a memory "leak" to Alberto. I have been running a beta for some
time time now for Alberto and it seems to have pretty well cleared the
problem. I can run overnight captures without it locking up on both 95b and
98. So I think when he cures the "opening problem" on XP and 2000,  I think
you will find it runs reliably.

Cheers de Alan G3NYK
alan.melia@btinternet.com

-----Original Message-----
From: G4WGT <g4wgt@talkgas.net>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Date: 18 November 2002 20:30
Subject: RE: LF: When you fix one thing...


>Hello Alberto,
>
>Just downloaded & installed new version Argo.
>
>Using Widows 2000 Pro, Argo does not display on screen only shows on task
>bar at bottom, (Previous version OK except for being closed by Windows
after
>1 or 2 hours due to error).
>
>73
>
>Gary  G4WGT.
>
>




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "G4WGT" <g4wgt@talkgas.net>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Date: Mon, 18 Nov 2002 20:27:56 -0000
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Hello Alberto,

Just downloaded & installed new version Argo.

Using Widows 2000 Pro, Argo does not display on screen only shows on task
bar at bottom, (Previous version OK except for being closed by Windows after
1 or 2 hours due to error).

73

Gary  G4WGT.



-----Original Message-----
From: owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
[mailto:owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org]On Behalf Of bernd grupe
Sent: 18 November 2002 17:45
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: Re: LF: When you fix one thing...


Hi Alberto,
can't open the new Vers. 130! I'm running WIN-XP(HOME ED.)When starting
argo.exe the window crash and just a icon is remaining in the taskline at
the bottom of the desktop. May be there is another bug in the compressed
file.
73 Bernd,DF8ZR

"Alberto di Bene" <dibene@usa.net> schrieb:
> .... usually you break another one....
>
> This is what has just happened with build 130 of Argo.
> If you find yourself unable to reload your favorite settings,
> just saved under a given name, please download again
> build 130 of Argo from http://www.weaksignals.com
> I made a small silly error. Hope it's the only one.
>
> 73  Alberto  I2PHD
>
>
>
>
>


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From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
--------------060808010001000108040008
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Gasparik Richard schrieb:
> Hi all...
>
> After the installation and start of the new version of the Argo - nothing. I
> doesn't work on my comp. It's for the first time that I have a problem with
> Argo. It's something wrong ?
>
> Rich OM2TW

Hi Rich,
guess it depends on the time you downloaded it. did you read the last 
email from Alberto?

NOW it works fine here (AMD Athlon 925MHz Win98) after calibration by using
the PRF of LORAN-C Sylt (1000,1334Hz) as a qrg normal.

regards
Uwe/dj8wx

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--------------060808010001000108040008--

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Subject: Re: LF: When you fix one thing...
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Hi Alberto,
can't open the new Vers. 130! I'm running WIN-XP(HOME ED.)When starting argo.exe the window crash and just a icon is remaining in the taskline at the bottom of the desktop. May be there is another bug in the compressed file.
73 Bernd,DF8ZR

"Alberto di Bene" <dibene@usa.net> schrieb:
> .... usually you break another one....
> 
> This is what has just happened with build 130 of Argo.
> If you find yourself unable to reload your favorite settings,
> just saved under a given name, please download again
> build 130 of Argo from http://www.weaksignals.com
> I made a small silly error. Hope it's the only one.
> 
> 73  Alberto  I2PHD
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Gasparik Richard" <Richard.Gasparik@siemens.com>
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Hi all...

After the installation and start of the new version of the Argo - nothing. I
doesn't work on my comp. It's for the first time that I have a problem with
Argo. It's something wrong ?

Rich OM2TW

-----Original Message-----
From: Alberto di Bene [mailto:dibene@usa.net]
Sent: Sunday, November 17, 2002 6:28 PM
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; tacos; lowfer@mailman.qth.net; lf
Subject: LF: Argo V1 build 130 released


Hi all

   I have just uploaded on the weaksignals site Version 1, build 130
of Argo.  From the readme file :

V1, build 130  (Nov. 17th, 2002)
- NDB mode added
- Wave file read/write added
- Screen capture dialog rewritten (now should work as intended).
- Added the computation of the capture timing to specify for a screenfull.
- Corrected a few errors, one of which could cause random abnormal 
terminations.
- Ported to V6 of the C++Builder compiler

As usual, it is freely downloadable from :
http://www.weaksignals.com

Please read the readme file for information on the new functions.
Comments and bug reports welcome.

73  Alberto  I2PHD





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Dear Alberto,
                     V1.130 running here OK but I have a question about
Spectran V1 which I use more than Argo. I found a difference of 110 to 120 mH
between Argo readings and Spectran as follows:

MSF >     Argo 799.73 Hz  Spectran  799.84 Hz

HBG >     Argo 799.71 Hz  Spectran  799.84 Hz   and

DCF77 > Argo 799.71 Hz   Spectran 799.84  Hz  (all CW mode 800 HZ pitch)

I'm wandering why I have this difference between the two programs and second
how I can calibrate  spectran.

Thank you Alex SV8QG

Alberto di Bene wrote:

> Hi all
>
>    I have just uploaded on the weaksignals site Version 1, build 130
> of Argo.  From the readme file :
>
> V1, build 130  (Nov. 17th, 2002)
> - NDB mode added
> - Wave file read/write added
> - Screen capture dialog rewritten (now should work as intended).
> - Added the computation of the capture timing to specify for a screenfull.
> - Corrected a few errors, one of which could cause random abnormal
> terminations.
> - Ported to V6 of the C++Builder compiler
>
> As usual, it is freely downloadable from :
> http://www.weaksignals.com
>
> Please read the readme file for information on the new functions.
> Comments and bug reports welcome.
>
> 73  Alberto  I2PHD





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Hello Repe!

Friday, November 8, 2002, 9:52:45 PM, you wrote:

RM> GE OM?s and greetings from East Finland,
RM> I hear just now RU6LWZ abt 569 ca 136.4 kHz   = 73/Repe

TNF for the report!!
PSE info abt you RX/ANT on 136kHz
You have HAM's call?

73! Ed  RU6LA  ed@dx.ru




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To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: "Rik Strobbe" <rik.strobbe@fys.kuleuven.ac.be>
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<html>
<font face="arial" size=2>Hi Mal,<br><br>
<blockquote type=cite class=cite cite>The facts are&nbsp; being distorted
because of local environmental issues instead of comparing the two
antennas on LF where both systems are small physically compared to the
frequency. </font><br>
<font face="arial" size=2>Only those with sufficient unobstructed space
are in a position to test one against the other for a true
accessment.</font></blockquote><br>
Under perfect conditions nor the vertical nor the loop would have any
losses. At low take-off angles the vertical would have a 3dB gain over
the loop, at heigher angles the loop can be significantly better than the
vertical.<br>
But unfortunately these &quot;perfect conditions&quot; do not exist, one
just can try to get close. <br>
So whatever is taken as the definition of
&quot;<font face="arial" size=2>sufficient unobstructed space&quot;
and&nbsp; &quot;for a true accessment&quot;, it is subject to
interpretation.<br><br>
</font>In the days of Napoleon the definition for 1 meter was given as
:<br>
&quot;The distance between the 2 gold plug in a certain platina-iridium
bar the was kept somewhere in Paris (at 0 degrees C).&quot;<br>
(but meanwhile there is a more scientific definition)<br><br>
In analogy the definition of &quot;<font face="arial" size=2>sufficient
unobstructed space&quot; could be : <br>
&quot;A certain property in northern England, sized
</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica">several acres and tree free for
antenna testing&quot;<br><br>
With a smile,<br><br>
73, Rik&nbsp; ON7YD<br><br>
<br>
</font></html>

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From: "Hugh Burnham" <g6tmk@thersgb.net>
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Thankyou Johan, Rik, Stewart, Alan, Dave, Alex and others, for giving me
your thoughts.

I like Dave's "quick and dirty" way, which is basically what started out by
doing, except that I relied on the rig's power meter to give me 50W which,
using I squared R, gives 1 Amp.

I'm using a pair of ferrites from a TV scan coil yoke, so I can clamp them
round any conductor that needs measuring. I compared the readings on the
160m and 80m bands, but found that I got different readings on the two
bands. The reading was less on 80m - indicating some loss. A coil wound on a
nice RF ferrite toroid gave the same readings at both frequencies. I expect
the scan coil ferrites would be ok at 136kHz, but it didn't inspire
confidence in my calibration technique.

It is really a case of pulling myself up by the bootstraps, because the TX
is an unknown quantity at the moment, so it looks like I need to press on
with that to get a good source of current, to test the meter, that I wanted
to test the TX amp with !

You're right, Alan, I'll just be looking for changes (increases) to start
with - so I can worry about fine tuning it later. Think I'll borrow a scope
from work and then I can do the job properly.

Thanks once again.
73
Hugh M0WYE.





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Laurie said:
> Although there was rather poor copy of signals from G3AQC and G3LDO
(thanks
> Peter for joining in ),
> last nights experiment was really quite successful.
> At the time when signals were seen by W1TAG and W4DEX the Kp index was up
to
> 3 which Alan and I regard as the highest at which a crossing can
> occur.Previous crossings were made at lower levels.and better copy was
> achieved.This crossing occurred 17 days after a possible X class flare
which
> however did not have too great an effect.

I agree with Laurie that the results obtained on 73kHz correlated with
similar tests on 136kHz, between T/A signal strengths and Kp index.
I reported that at the start of my transmission the frequency had drifted up
30mH (as measured on a Philips PM 6667 high resolution frequency counter)
when in fact, according to Markus and Jose, it had drifted down by 30mH.
I switched the DDS unit on at 1800hrs before I went out for the evening so
it had been on for 6hrs.
I didn't, however, leave the frequency counter switched on. The cause of the
drift is not known.

Regards,
Peter, G3LDO

e-mail <g3ldo@ukonline.co.uk>

Web <http://web.ukonline.co.uk/g3ldo>





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<HTML><FONT FACE=arial,helvetica><FONT  SIZE=2>Hello Richard,
<BR>
<BR>You wrote:
<BR>&gt;&gt; I am implementing a</FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" SIZE=3 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="2"> </FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="2">RX</FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" SIZE=3 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="2"> </FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="2">drift cancelling system for some experiments that I am doing. Basically the idea is that alongside the wanted signal, I will put a stable carrier. I then want to use Spectrum Lab to correct for drift by using the</FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" SIZE=3 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="2"> </FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="2">recovered</FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" SIZE=3 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="2"> </FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="2">carrier as a reference for an oscillator/mixer such that downward shifts in the carrier due to RX drift wi
ll shift the oscillator such that the drift is eliminated after the mixer.</FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" SIZE=3 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="2">
<BR></FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="2">&lt;&lt;</FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" SIZE=3 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="2"></FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="2">
<BR>
<BR>Well, it it possible to set the frequency of one of the oscillator function blocks to the peak frequency in a narrow frequency band. SpecLab has a kind of "script language" built inside, there is a function which returns a very accurate peak frequency value ("peak_a(freq1, freq2")
<BR>, and there is a procedure which can set the frequency of an oscillator to a specified frequency ("circuit.osc[0].freq=X"). 
<BR>I tried this instruction:
<BR> &nbsp;&nbsp;circuit.osc[0].freq=650-peak_f(500,800)
<BR>which detects the peak frequency in the range 500 Hz..800 Hz, subtracts it from the "wanted" center frequency (here: 650 Hz) and sets the 1st oscillator to the result (which may be a negative frequency, which is no problem for an oscillator with quadrature output). I used the "USB UP-CONVERTER" driven by this oscillator in the test. In the output, the peak was always at 650 Hz then.
<BR>To connect the L.O. to the detected peak frequency, you must convince the interpreter to do this periodically. I achieved this by copying the instruction into the "periodic action" window (which is normally used to trigger screen captures) and set the interval to 1 second (which unfortunately is the lowest value, so this "drift compensator" is only updated once per second). Connect the main spectrum analyzer to the INPUT signal, not to the OUTPUT; because the "peak_f" function takes its input data from the main spectrum analyzer.
<BR>
<BR>If you need further info please ask. More info will go directly to you, because this topic may be too 'special' for this reflector.
<BR>
<BR>Regards and good luck,
<BR> Wolf DL4YHF.
<BR>
<BR></FONT></HTML>

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.... usually you break another one....

This is what has just happened with build 130 of Argo.
If you find yourself unable to reload your favorite settings,
just saved under a given name, please download again
build 130 of Argo from http://www.weaksignals.com
I made a small silly error. Hope it's the only one.

73  Alberto  I2PHD





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Hi All,
Although there was rather poor copy of signals from G3AQC and G3LDO (thanks
Peter for joining in ),
last nights experiment was really quite successful.
At the time when signals were seen by W1TAG and W4DEX the Kp index was up to
3 which Alan and I regard as the highest at which a crossing can
occur.Previous crossings were made at lower lenels.and better copy was
achieved.This crossing occured 17 days after a possible X class flare which
however did not have too great an effect.
So my thanks to all who co-operated with reports of signals frequency etc.
-136kHz-
John W1TAG has siggested a return to 136 for these tests where more stations
could participate,at both ends. (remember the clustering  close to 135.922
last year.)
I should be very happy to return to 136 for a while at least, and I would
appreciate comments.
73 Laurie.





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Subject: LF: Argo V1 build 130 released
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Hi all

   I have just uploaded on the weaksignals site Version 1, build 130
of Argo.  From the readme file :

V1, build 130  (Nov. 17th, 2002)
- NDB mode added
- Wave file read/write added
- Screen capture dialog rewritten (now should work as intended).
- Added the computation of the capture timing to specify for a screenfull.
- Corrected a few errors, one of which could cause random abnormal 
terminations.
- Ported to V6 of the C++Builder compiler

As usual, it is freely downloadable from :
http://www.weaksignals.com

Please read the readme file for information on the new functions.
Comments and bug reports welcome.

73  Alberto  I2PHD




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From: "Laurie Mayhead" <laurie@g3aqc.freeserve.co.uk>
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Hi All,
I am looking for some operating instructions for the HP3586b. Can anyone
advise where this could be found?
73 Laurie.



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>From about 04:00 to 04:30 UT I could see traces of what I believe was
Laurie's signal.  It was right on 72,400.8.  If so I would say
propagation was good considering the QRN level which is probably
reducing my receive sensitivity by at least 10 db.

Dex

Laurie Mayhead wrote:
> 
> Hi John,Dex and all.
> I started transmitting at 23:10,the Kp index went up to 3 but is now 2, so
> we have a chance, I hope.
> Transmitting now and will run until about 06:30 UTC.
> OK about 136 I am very happy to go back there and agree that there are more
> stations who could participate.
> both here and at your end.
> I just wanted to get as much done on 73 before we lose the band in June.
> Will see what I can do at this end for the next possible opening.
> Watch this space!  and thanks for watching.
> 73 Laurie.


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Laurie said
> At the moment the Kp index is down to 1 so this should be ideal for a T/A
> crossing.
> I will be on tonight from about 23:00UTC
> Freq 72.401 QRSS120
> Hope some of you will be able to watch,and that we can learn a bit more
> about propagation.

I would like to join in as well if I may. My frequency is 72.4003 QRSS 120
I will be out this evening but I will switch the transmitter on when I get
in.

Regards,
Peter, G3LDO

e-mail <g3ldo@ukonline.co.uk>

Web <http://web.ukonline.co.uk/g3ldo>





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I'm giving up as of 0230. Just too noisy tonight. Absent the static from the
storm, it might have been an interesting evening, as fragments of both
Laurie's and Peter's signals have been visible. Oh, well...

John, W1TAG



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<HTML><FONT FACE=arial,helvetica><FONT  SIZE=2 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="2">Hi Peter,<BR>
<BR>
g3ldo@ukonline.co.uk:<BR>
<BR>
<BLOCKQUOTE TYPE=CITE style="BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px">I started transmission on 72.4003 at 0015UTC. I notice that the frequency<BR>
has drifted to 7240032.</BLOCKQUOTE><BR>
<BR>
interesting: on my Argo display you have definitely drifted downwards, from 72400.29 at 0:35 to 72400.27 now at 1:05. Laurie's sig reads 72400.79 here, only about 3dB stronger on average.<BR>
<BR>
73 de Markus, DF6NM<BR>
</FONT></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Nice QRSS sigs here from both Laurie and Peter; copiable aurally at about
S3.

Obviously couldn't separate them by ear but could tell when both keys were
down simultaneously by the appearance of the beat.

Packing it in now at 0135z.

73 de,

Ian GI8AYZ/MI0AYZ  (and on the right reflector this time)





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Hi John, Peter and All:

I saw the first dot from Peter some minutes before 00.15 UTC on 72400.28 Hz;
now he´s on 72400.25

Good luck to All, José - EA1PX

----- Original Message -----
From: "John Andrews" <w1tag@charter.net>
To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: Sunday, November 17, 2002 2:00 AM
Subject: LF: Re: Re: 73k T/A...


> Peter,
>
> > I started transmission on 72.4003 at 0015UTC. I notice that the
frequency
> > has drifted to 7240032.
> > I had left the door of the transmitting room (garden shed) open. I have
> now
> > closed it so it will be interesting to see if it drifts down again.
> Antenna
> > current started at 4.1 amps has now risen to 4.3 as the earth worms get
> > warmed up.
>
> Not seeing anything from you at this point. I thought there was a signal
> earlier, but it was well before 0015. Am getting some pieces from Laurie.
>
> John, W1TAG
>
>
>




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José,

Is anyone else transmitting on 72400.28?

John Andrews, W1TAG



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Hi John,
> 
> Not seeing anything from you at this point. I thought there was a signal
> earlier, but it was well before 0015. Am getting some pieces from Laurie.
> 
OK I will be shutting down at end of this transmission at around 0120

Thanks for looking - good luck with Laurie.

Regards, 
Peter, G3LDO

e-mail <g3ldo@ukonline.co.uk>

Web <http://web.ukonline.co.uk/g3ldo>




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Peter,

> I started transmission on 72.4003 at 0015UTC. I notice that the frequency
> has drifted to 7240032.
> I had left the door of the transmitting room (garden shed) open. I have
now
> closed it so it will be interesting to see if it drifts down again.
Antenna
> current started at 4.1 amps has now risen to 4.3 as the earth worms get
> warmed up.

Not seeing anything from you at this point. I thought there was a signal
earlier, but it was well before 0015. Am getting some pieces from Laurie.

John, W1TAG



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Hi All:

John , Laurie is transmitting on that frequency, 72400.8 Hz

73 de José - EA1PX

----- Original Message -----
From: "John Andrews" <w1tag@charter.net>
To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: Sunday, November 17, 2002 12:43 AM
Subject: LF: Re: 73k T/A...Good Luck


> Alan,
>
> > Hi all good luck to Laurie and John again, and any others who may be
> taking
> > part in the 73kHz Trans-Atlantic tests tonight.
> > Thinks dont look too bad tonight....it should have equal chance with the
> 9th
> > if the noise in Mass. is not too rough. ( Ohhhh dear I'm sticking my
neck
> > out again !!)
>
> Not much to report as of 2340 UTC. Pretty noisy here in Mass. There's a
> coastal storm south of here, and it's complicating things.
>
> Something appears to be coming in around 72.4008, but that's a bit low for
> Laurie.
>
> John Andrews, W1TAG
>
>
>




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>
> Is anyone else transmitting on 72400.28?
>
> John Andrews, W1TAG

I started transmission on 72.4003 at 0015UTC. I notice that the frequency
has drifted to 7240032.
I had left the door of the transmitting room (garden shed) open. I have now
closed it so it will be interesting to see if it drifts down again. Antenna
current started at 4.1 amps has now risen to 4.3 as the earth worms get
warmed up.

Regards,
Peter, G3LDO

e-mail <g3ldo@ukonline.co.uk>

Web <http://web.ukonline.co.uk/g3ldo>




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John and All:

Yes, but I didn´t identify the call yet.

José,  EA1PX


----- Original Message -----
From: "John Andrews" <w1tag@charter.net>
To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: Sunday, November 17, 2002 1:17 AM
Subject: LF: Re: Re: Re: 73k T/A...Good Luck


> José,
>
> Is anyone else transmitting on 72400.28?
>
> John Andrews, W1TAG
>
>
>




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José,

>John , Laurie is transmitting on that frequency, 72400.8 Hz

Ahhhhh. Thank you very much. I'll watch that carefully.

John Andrews, W1TAG




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----- Original Message -----
From: "John Andrews" <w1tag@charter.net>
To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: Saturday, November 16, 2002 11:43 PM
Subject: LF: Re: 73k T/A...Good Luck


> Alan,
>
> > Hi all good luck to Laurie and John again, and any others who may be
> taking
> > part in the 73kHz Trans-Atlantic tests tonight.
> > Thinks dont look too bad tonight....it should have equal chance with the
> 9th
> > if the noise in Mass. is not too rough. ( Ohhhh dear I'm sticking my
neck
> > out again !!)
>
> Not much to report as of 2340 UTC. Pretty noisy here in Mass. There's a
> coastal storm south of here, and it's complicating things.
>
> Something appears to be coming in around 72.4008, but that's a bit low for
> Laurie.
>
> John Andrews, W1TAG
>
> My freq may have shifted keep watching. Laurie.
>



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Laurie Mayhead" <laurie@g3aqc.freeserve.co.uk>
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Hi John,Dex and all.
I started transmitting at 23:10,the Kp index went up to 3 but is now 2, so
we have a chance, I hope.
Transmitting now and will run until about 06:30 UTC.
OK about 136 I am very happy to go back there and agree that there are more
stations who could participate.
both here and at your end.
I just wanted to get as much done on 73 before we lose the band in June.
Will see what I can do at this end for the next possible opening.
Watch this space!  and thanks for watching.
73 Laurie.



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Alan,

> Hi all good luck to Laurie and John again, and any others who may be
taking
> part in the 73kHz Trans-Atlantic tests tonight.
> Thinks dont look too bad tonight....it should have equal chance with the
9th
> if the noise in Mass. is not too rough. ( Ohhhh dear I'm sticking my neck
> out again !!)

Not much to report as of 2340 UTC. Pretty noisy here in Mass. There's a
coastal storm south of here, and it's complicating things.

Something appears to be coming in around 72.4008, but that's a bit low for
Laurie.

John Andrews, W1TAG



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Hi all good luck to Laurie and John again, and any others who may be taking
part in the 73kHz Trans-Atlantic tests tonight.
Thinks dont look too bad tonight....it should have equal chance with the 9th
if the noise in Mass. is not too rough. ( Ohhhh dear I'm sticking my neck
out again !!)

Cheers de Alan G3NYK
alan.melia@btinternet.com





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Markus,

>Can you watch 72 and 136kHz simultaneously? - I could send DFCW after
23:00, parameters 135922.3 dot,  922.4 dash, 60s on, 20s off. Though at
100mW EMRP from here, condx would have to be extraordinary...<

No, I'm sorry. My only other receiver is just not stable enough for QRSS
work. I may have to do something about that....

John Andrews, W1TAG



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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<HTML><FONT FACE=arial,helvetica><FONT  SIZE=2 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="2">Hi John,<BR>
<BR>
Can you watch 72 and 136kHz simultaneously? - I could send DFCW after 23:00, parameters 135922.3 dot,&nbsp; 922.4 dash, 60s on, 20s off. Though at 100mW EMRP from here, condx would have to be extraordinary...<BR>
<BR>
Markus, DF6NM<BR>
<BR>
<BLOCKQUOTE TYPE=CITE style="BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px">Just another thought. It would also be useful to organize some beaconing at<BR>
136 kHz on some of these promising nights. I remember evenings with at least<BR>
5 stations clustered closely to 135.922 kHz, running QRSS60 or slower. We've<BR>
got some new fellows over here who would enjoy seeing such a thing. And<BR>
there was always room for more signals on the EU end. An Argo 60 second<BR>
screen has three whole Hertz of BW!<BR>
<BR>
John Andrews, W1TAG<BR>
</BLOCKQUOTE><BR>
<BR>
</FONT></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Laurie,

> I will be on tonight from about 23:00UTC
> Freq 72.401 QRSS120

I will be watching. As of 1.5 hours before local sunset, the French language
station on 183 kHz is rolling in here in AM mode. Might be a good evening.

Just another thought. It would also be useful to organize some beaconing at
136 kHz on some of these promising nights. I remember evenings with at least
5 stations clustered closely to 135.922 kHz, running QRSS60 or slower. We've
got some new fellows over here who would enjoy seeing such a thing. And
there was always room for more signals on the EU end. An Argo 60 second
screen has three whole Hertz of BW!

John Andrews, W1TAG




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Laurie

Will take a look tonight, but with New England covered by a big nor'easter all
weekend prodducing several inches of rain conditions may be noisey.

Jay Rusgrove, W1VD

Laurie Mayhead wrote:

> Hi John,Dex and all,
> I may have been premature in deciding not to transmit this weekend ! (Alan
> thinks I was Hi! )
> At the moment the Kp index is down to 1 so this should be ideal for a T/A
> crossing.
> I will be on tonight from about 23:00UTC
> Freq 72.401 QRSS120
> Hope some of you will be able to watch,and that we can learn a bit more
> about propagation.
> 73s Laurie



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Hi John,Dex and all,
I may have been premature in deciding not to transmit this weekend ! (Alan
thinks I was Hi! )
At the moment the Kp index is down to 1 so this should be ideal for a T/A
crossing.
I will be on tonight from about 23:00UTC
Freq 72.401 QRSS120
Hope some of you will be able to watch,and that we can learn a bit more
about propagation.
73s Laurie




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Hi Mal and Group.

On Fri, 15 Nov 2002, hamilton mal wrote:

> and have found the vertical a lot better and easier to tame, easy to match 
> using a series inductor and tuned against an insulated ground radial
> system to match 50 ohms, and manageable RF current to get up to 1W erp
> radiated power. To try doing the same with a vertical loop at the same
> height would require 50 + amps RF and I would not even consider this
> approach at this power level.

I do not see any unsolvable problem with 50 or 100 amps in a loop. It is
usial RF curent in transistor TX of power of few kW. But surely one should
put some attention to conections and use large diameter wires at this
curent level. 

Besides one can use ferrite transformer to convert large
curent input to less curent input and THEN compensate iductance. It will
requre not so large C of variabale capacitor to tune. My recieving small
loop is done in such a way :-) Certanly in transmiting loop one should
use large ferrite core to build such a transformer.

If Rac of a transmiting loop is about 0.5 Ohm (Bill's example) then
one should use 1:10 transformer to get 50 Ohm. Curent will change from
50 A to 5 A only. Or use 10 turns loop - it give the same.

Sure in free field vertical is better and more easy to build. But it may
be some special case when loop is better.

73 de RA9MB/Alex
http://www.qsl.net/ra9mb




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From: "hamilton mal" <g3kev.ham@virgin.net>
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD>
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<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Hi All</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>My argument is that a vertical antenna&nbsp;has the 
advantage over a loop&nbsp;at the same height out in the open ie the middle of a 
field.&nbsp;Some others are discussing environmental issues like verticals and 
loops in amongst trees,&nbsp;buildings and other&nbsp;RF absorbing obstacles. 
</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>The facts are&nbsp; being distorted because of 
local environmental issues instead of comparing the two antennas on LF where 
both systems are small&nbsp;physically compared to the 
frequency.&nbsp;</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Only those&nbsp;with sufficient 
unobstructed&nbsp;space are in a position&nbsp;to test one against the other for 
a true accessment.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>In reality most radio amateurs have to cope with 
small gardens, bushes, trees, adjacent buildings and telegraph poles etc, so 
they make the best of&nbsp;their situation, but on LF this can be a problem with 
antenna installations and one has to use a CONVENIENCE&nbsp;antenna rather than 
the ideal and it might well be that a loop in some cases wrapped around trees 
works better for some than a vertical lying up against the same trees but these 
circumstances are not valid arguments for a true accessment of comparing 
verticals against vertically orientated loops.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Although I do have some high trees on my property I 
have several acres tree free for antenna testing.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>and have found the vertical a lot better and easier 
to tame, easy to match using&nbsp;a series inductor and tuned against an 
insulated ground radial system to match 50 ohms, and manageable RF current to 
get up to 1W erp radiated power. To&nbsp;try doing the same with a vertical loop 
at the same height would require 50 + amps RF&nbsp;and I would not even consider 
this approach at this power level.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>73 de Mal/G3KEV</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial 
size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>&nbsp;</DIV></BODY></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Dad gum it anyhow!

Yew fergot the grid-leak pans!

Doc.

K. Versteeg wrote:

>Subject: Big Wally's Secrets of Homebrew'd Radio Projects
> 
>  
>





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Alex

Us loop users here have been seeing the ground loss contributing about 0.3 ohm
(plus or minus .1 ohm depending on soil type and moisture content). In my case,
using an RG-11 loop conductor, the Rac of the loop is about .28 ohm for a total
resistance of  about .58 ohm. If I were to change to a lossless conductor I would
expect to only pick up about 4.6 dB.

Using my RG-11 as a reference, and .3 ohm ground loss, the performance of other
conductors should be as follows:

#12                               -3.94 dB

#8                                 -2.35 dB

RG-11 (.325")               0

1/2" Cu tubing (.630")   +1.23 dB

7/8" Heliax (~.925")      +1.68 dB

Of course, lower ground loss (which I'm not blessed with) would make a somewhat
bigger difference.

Bill Ashlock's measurements have shown that the loop needs to be at least 5 - 6
feet off the ground. He's currently running a 1/2" copper tubing loop. If you're
interested, I'm sure he can forward volumes of data on these loops to you!

Jay Rusgrove, W1VD





"Alexander S. Yurkov" wrote:

> Hi, Mike and Group.
>
> On Thu, 14 Nov 2002, WE0H wrote:
>
> > Hi Alex,
> > We use vertical loops here. The trees don't affect them much. I can walk up
> > to my loop and watch the RF current meter and not see any change until I get
> > closer than 1 foot from the loop and then it drops a little. They work nice
> > with all my trees in my yard.
>
> It seems to me the problem loop vs vertical requre to solve very worth
> problem pointed as folows. Certanly if one increase diameter of wire (may
> be long flat band?) effectivity of a loop should be increased also. But if
> wire diameter is very (!!!) large then enviroment (ground also) losses
> became significal. If the coper resistance is less then enviroment loss
> resistance it is no reason to increase wire diameter more. So enviroment
> loss give a physical limit of loop effectivity. But what is this physical
> limit? How much one should increase wire diameter? Enviroment loss is
> not large but what it's value? It is very worth...
>
> It seems distance of loop from the ground and loop dimensions should
> affect very much to ground loss of a loop and then to required wire
> diameter. Quantative study of this mater should be very usefull.
>
> 73 de RA9MB/Alex
> http://www.qsl.net/ra9mb



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Hi, Group.

On Fri, 15 Nov 2002, Stewart Nelson wrote:

> 3.  Put a suitable light bulb in series.  Measure the brightness
>     with a light meter, then see how much DC or mains frequency
>     current it takes to produce the same brightness.

More easy way: take two identical light bulb one in RF another in DC
simultaniously. And You do not need light meter, You can see directly
when brightness is the same.

But this is right only if skin effect in bulb filament is not strong
(pentation depth is much grater then filament diameter). On 136 kHz
it should be OK.

73 de RA9MB/Alex
http://www.qsl.net/ra9mb




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From: "Ashlock,William" <William.Ashlock@edwards.boc.com>
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Date: Fri, 15 Nov 2002 09:57:16 -0500
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Hi Alex,
 
>> My present loop is constructed from .63" OD copper pipe. The figure of
merit
>> for 50/50 loop antennas is the total AC resistance (Rac), including
ground
>> losses, and this one measures under 0.4 ohms. An RG-8 loop of the same
>> dimensions will have a dry Rac of 0.60 ohms and is one that has more
appeal
>> to the average Lowfer. Signal is down just 1.7db from the pipe loop.

>The loop perimeter is 60 meters. 
>Wire resistance:
>R1 [Ohm/m] = ( 0.084 / d[mm] )*sqrt(F[MHz]) =
             ( 0.084 / 16 )*sqrt(0.185) = 0.0023 Ohm/m
>Rac (copper) = 60*0.0023 = 0.14 Ohm.
>You get Rac = 0.4 Ohm . So enviroment loss resistance should be 
>0.4 - 0.14 =0.26 Ohm.
>Someone wrong?

No - You're Lookin good!

>You get 0.6 Ohm if RG-8 used. Enviroment loss should be the same,
>0.26 Ohm. So 0.60 - 0.26 = 0.34 Ohm is copper resistance of RG-8.
>Then diameter should be 16*(0.14/0.34)= 6.6 mm. I am not familar with
>RG-8. Is it diameter about 7 mm?

More like 9.2mm, but I put in a -16% factor for the Rac of copper braid Vs
solid copper shell.

>If TX power is about 1 kW it seems posible to get about 1 W ERP. Not
>very bad...

I don't disagree! How does that old proverb go? ..... Try it, you'll like
it. <G>

Bill A



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Hi, Jay.

On Fri, 15 Nov 2002, Jay Rusgrove wrote:

> 
> Bill Ashlock's measurements have shown that the loop needs to be at least 5 - 6
> feet off the ground. He's currently running a 1/2" copper tubing loop. If you're
> interested, I'm sure he can forward volumes of data on these loops to you!

It is very interesting how enviroment loss depend on offset from the
ground and on loop dimensions quantative.


73 de RA9MB/Alex
http://www.qsl.net/ra9mb




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Hi, Bill.

On Thu, 14 Nov 2002, Ashlock,William wrote:

> 
> My present loop is constructed from .63" OD copper pipe. The figure of merit
> for 50/50 loop antennas is the total AC resistance (Rac), including ground
> losses, and this one measures under 0.4 ohms. An RG-8 loop of the same
> dimensions will have a dry Rac of 0.60 ohms and is one that has more appeal
> to the average Lowfer. Signal is down just 1.7db from the pipe loop.

The loop perimeter is 60 meters. 

Wire resistance:

R1 [Ohm/m] = ( 0.084 / d[mm] )*sqrt(F[MHz]) =
             ( 0.084 / 16 )*sqrt(0.185) = 0.0023 Ohm/m

Rac (copper) = 60*0.0023 = 0.14 Ohm.

You get Rac = 0.4 Ohm . So enviroment loss resistance should be 
0.4 - 0.14 =0.26 Ohm.

Someone wrong?

You get 0.6 Ohm if RG-8 used. Enviroment loss should be the same,
0.26 Ohm. So 0.60 - 0.26 = 0.34 Ohm is copper resistance of RG-8.
Then diameter should be 16*(0.14/0.34)= 6.6 mm. I am not familar with
RG-8. Is it diameter about 7 mm?

If TX power is about 1 kW it seems posible to get about 1 W ERP. Not
very bad...


73 de RA9MB/Alex
http://www.qsl.net/ra9mb




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Subject: LF: Homebrew'd Radio Projects  [Humor]
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Subject: Big Wally's Secrets of Homebrew'd Radio Projects
 
One think i learned in high-school: the fast cars won the quarters on the strip.  
The pretty cars won the dates!  Remember and take heart, oh ye of little skill.

Even though you can't even successfully snap in a 9v battery, and none of your xtal sets work,
You can still impress your BA friends with your projects by the simple inclusion of the following:

HRO Dial: a must for this op, who has a hand fulla thumbs. 
No matter how lousey and instable your wobbulator might be, this'll cure it.
Remember, it's not performance, it's the look.  
Can't locate the dial and PW box?  Go for an Eddystone slide rule on Ebay.  
Whatever that baby is bolted to has gotta work great!  
Even if it's . . . .  nothing!

Fluted knobs with skirts.  
Yeah, whatever they connect to is the essence of function !  
Everyone'll know you got skill and class.

Triplett metering.  
Gotta have those babies.  
None of those Radio Shed japaneeze things.  
In a pinch, Weston will do.  Maybe a rheostat and a penlight cell just to make 'em move. 
Ooops, dang, that's a separate project.  Sorry.

Black or Grey wrinkle finish front panel.  
Not matter how vacuous the insides might really be, the OTers will always tell you
"they don't make 'em like THAT anymore!"

Toggle Switches!  Lots.  String 'em along the bottom of the front panel.  
Make sure they're shiney.  
Nothing like efficient switching of . . .  uh . . . . circuit things.

Muffin Fan.  Now, that ain't real boatanchory, but you can hide it.
It's the sound yer after!  Ever turn on a rig, and hear that fan crank up?  
Didn't something inside of you say "Whoa!!"  ??

At least one 807 or an 811a with a storage battery. 
The idea is to make it glow.  
It would help if you had a ceramic plate cap and some real thick wire wrapped around it attached.
Later, you can upgrade it by putting a resistor with a few turns of wire around it between the cap
and real thick wire.  Make sure wire goes thru a hole in the chassis.

Big ol' transformer.  
Just punch a hole for the wires, and bolt 'er on!  
This is what keeps boatanchors from floatin', y'know!

Big variable capacitors.  
Very impressive when you lift the lid or look 
behind that black wrinkle finished front panel they don't make anymore.
Might even consider connecting that variable to the HRO or Eddystone
dial so that it turns.  Really retro, there.

Coils! Coils! Coils!  Like the Elvis movie.
Thick cotton covered power line with double fused Johnson wall plug.
Make sure the part of the line that doesn't have the plug on it isn't touching anything,
or that the wires aren't touching each other.  Hey, safety first!

Pepper the table it's sitting on with knife switches, old QSTs, a globe, and it helps to have a pipe 
cradled in a glass ashtray somewhere in view.
Get that old log-book too! No log book?  Use an accounting ledger.
Borrow your kid's stereo headphones.  Just for effect.

Gotta Key?  Hey, gotta Bug?  Even if you don't know a dit from an armpit, just park it there.  
Most folks won't notice there's no wire connecting it anywhere.  
Let me ask you: did you notice that the Monkees never seemed to have their guitars plugged into anything?
Hah--- gotcha!

D-104's might be an alternative, but your visitor might wonder what channel you modjitate on.
Now, just guide your visitor in for a brief few minutes.  Remember . .
you have to tune it up, yet, so (ahem) it's not in line, yet.  
That's why you have that broken oscilloscope sitting there. 
Make sure the light is kinda dim, maybe a small desk-lamp.
Turn it on, hear the fan, see the tubes glow, and shut 'er down before ya hurts somebody.

**Whew!**  Sure is a lot to this Homebrew stuff!

   73  Ko Versteeg, NL9222  [SWL]  
   [Grid: JO22KE - Lat: 520 12' 15.0"N  Long: 040 51' 40.5"E]
   
   ** Digital and Visual Amateur Radio Software **
       http://home.wanadoo.nl/nl9222/index.htm 





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Hugh.

Quick and dirty way....
Fire up a 100W jap rig on 160 into a 50 ohm load. At full welly of 100W you
should read 1.4A into the load. If the tx has a power meter or you have an
external one in line then you can set it to exactly 100W. Most rigs give
about 110 or 120 flat-out. If it were 120W you should read 1.55A so you
won't be far out.
I just calibrated mine against a thermocouple ammeter which I checked with
50Hz and a DMM.

Dave  G3YXM.

> But how can I calibrate it - how do I know that an indicated Amp really is
> an Amp.
> My DVMs, being intended for mains current measurement, don't have the
> frequency response.
> How have other people done it ?  Any ideas ?
> 73
> Hugh M0WYE
>
>
>
>




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From: "Alexander S. Yurkov" <fitec@omskcity.com>
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Hi, Mike and Group.

On Thu, 14 Nov 2002, WE0H wrote:

> Hi Alex,
> We use vertical loops here. The trees don't affect them much. I can walk up
> to my loop and watch the RF current meter and not see any change until I get
> closer than 1 foot from the loop and then it drops a little. They work nice
> with all my trees in my yard.


It seems to me the problem loop vs vertical requre to solve very worth
problem pointed as folows. Certanly if one increase diameter of wire (may
be long flat band?) effectivity of a loop should be increased also. But if
wire diameter is very (!!!) large then enviroment (ground also) losses
became significal. If the coper resistance is less then enviroment loss
resistance it is no reason to increase wire diameter more. So enviroment
loss give a physical limit of loop effectivity. But what is this physical
limit? How much one should increase wire diameter? Enviroment loss is
not large but what it's value? It is very worth...

It seems distance of loop from the ground and loop dimensions should
affect very much to ground loss of a loop and then to required wire
diameter. Quantative study of this mater should be very usefull.


73 de RA9MB/Alex
http://www.qsl.net/ra9mb




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Hi Hugh,

You don't say what other instruments you have available,
but here are a few suggestions:

1.  Measure the RF voltage across the dummy load with a scope.
    Determine current by knowing or measuring its resistance.
    A dummy load usable at 10 meters should be very close to
    its DC resistance at 1.8 MHz.

2.  Measure how hot the dummy load gets, then see how much
    DC or mains frequency current it takes to produce the
    same final temperature.

3.  Put a suitable light bulb in series.  Measure the brightness
    with a light meter, then see how much DC or mains frequency
    current it takes to produce the same brightness.

4.  Rig a simple diode rectifier to measure the RF voltage.
    Either compensate the reading with an estimate of the diode
    drop, or calibrate the rectifier at mains frequency.

73,

Stewart KK7KA

----- Original Message ----- 
From: "g6tmk" <g6tmk@thersgb.net>
To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: Friday, November 15, 2002 11:33 AM
Subject: LF: Calibrating LF Current Meters


> Hi All,
> I built the little antenna current meter shown in the LF Experimenters
> Handbook last night (Page 81).
> And it works. I measured the current from my HF rig into a dummy load at
> 1.8MHz, and it gave sensible results ...
> But how can I calibrate it - how do I know that an indicated Amp really is
> an Amp.
> My DVMs, being intended for mains current measurement, don't have the
> frequency response.
> How have other people done it ?  Any ideas ?
> 73
> Hugh M0WYE




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Hugh,

> How have other people done it ?  Any ideas ?

I built a 1A antenna current meter with a current transformer.
For calibration, I put a 10 ohm resistor (actually 10 x 100 ohms
1W in parallel) in series with the meter and applied RF from
a 137 kHz TX until the oscilloscope reading was 28.3Vp-p.
The potentiometer in the meter was then adjusted for full scale
deflection. Just an example.

A small drawing is attached.

73
Johan SM6LKM


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From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Hi All,
I stated earlier that I was hoping for an opening around the middle of this
month.This was based on an X class flare on 31st Oct. Allowing 14 plus days
for the effects to decay should have resulted in suitable conditions about
now.However there has been further Solar activity recently causing the Kp
index to rise to 3 or more. This
seems to mean too much absorbtion.
So no beacon this weekend. I will watch conditions and advise if I think
things look promising.
73 Laurie.



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Hi Hugh, two possible methods, one, put the power through the meter into a
dummy lead, and measure the voltage generated across the load with a scope
(easiest) or using an RF diode probe (but there is another calibration
problem there). (Remember peak-to-peak voltage is 2.8 * rms )
Meters of this type are probably only accurate to about 10% and that is
adequate for most amateur aerial work, as you are mainly looking for
changes....increases!!. Another way would be to put it in series with an RF
thermoammeter (if you are lucky enough to have one) The bandwidth of the
meter will depend on the ferrite used, and the number of turns.

Cheers de Alan G3NYK
-----Original Message-----
From: g6tmk <g6tmk@thersgb.net>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Date: 15 November 2002 10:45
Subject: LF: Calibrating LF Current Meters


>Hi All,
>I built the little antenna current meter shown in the LF Experimenters
>Handbook last night (Page 81).
>And it works. I measured the current from my HF rig into a dummy load at
>1.8MHz, and it gave sensible results ...
>But how can I calibrate it - how do I know that an indicated Amp really is
>an Amp.
>My DVMs, being intended for mains current measurement, don't have the
>frequency response.
>How have other people done it ?  Any ideas ?
>73
>Hugh M0WYE
>
>
>



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Hello Hugh,

The way I calibrated mine :
Connect the TX to a 50 Ohm dummyload, current meter between TX and dummyload.
Measure the voltage over the the dummyload, either by using a suitable RF 
voltmeter or a detector and DC voltmeter.
The detector is no more that a diode that rectifies the AC, followed by a 
RC parallel network to ground (I used 100kOhm/1nF) . The diode should be 
fast enough (not a big problem at LF, MF and lower HF) and be able to 
handle the voltage (that can be a bit of a problem for higher power, for 
10W the Vpp is 63V, for 100W it is 200V and for 1 kW it is 630V).
As I wanted to use a scotky diode out of the junkbox (that could withstand 
80V = max. Vpp) it meant that Veff was limited to 28V. But my 450W PA would 
give 150Veff (= 425Vpp), so over 5 times too high. I solved that by putting 
a 10/1 divider in parallel with the dummyload and rectified the divided 
voltage, that way I was save up to 280Veff (= 1.5kW). The resistive divider 
was 5kOhm (made of  3 x 15kOhm/2W) and 560 Ohm/1W.
I wanted to calibrate my meter in the range of 0.5A - 3A, that is 25 -150V 
over the dummyload (or 12.5 - 450W into the dummyload). so at the divider 
output I had 2.5V - 15V and 3.5V - 21V at the detector output. To be exact 
one shoud add about 0.4V for the drop over the diode and calculate the 
current through the dummyload 'all the way back'.
eg : 7.2Vdc measured = 7.6Vp = 5.37Veff at the divider output = 53.7Veff 
over the dummyload = 1.07A

73, Rik  ON7YD

At 10:33 15/11/2002 +0000, you wrote:
>Hi All,
>I built the little antenna current meter shown in the LF Experimenters
>Handbook last night (Page 81).
>And it works. I measured the current from my HF rig into a dummy load at
>1.8MHz, and it gave sensible results ...
>But how can I calibrate it - how do I know that an indicated Amp really is
>an Amp.
>My DVMs, being intended for mains current measurement, don't have the
>frequency response.
>How have other people done it ?  Any ideas ?
>73
>Hugh M0WYE



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Hi All,
I built the little antenna current meter shown in the LF Experimenters
Handbook last night (Page 81).
And it works. I measured the current from my HF rig into a dummy load at
1.8MHz, and it gave sensible results ...
But how can I calibrate it - how do I know that an indicated Amp really is
an Amp.
My DVMs, being intended for mains current measurement, don't have the
frequency response.
How have other people done it ?  Any ideas ?
73
Hugh M0WYE




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Hi, Group.

On Thu, 14 Nov 2002, Ashlock,William wrote:
> 
> >A canopy of trees will also effect a loop antenna, try a 50 ft vertical and
> >gain 6dbs and you will probably still be on the plus side even with some
> >attenuation from the trees.
> 
> You sir, are absolutely WRONG!
> 
> A spent 100s of hours on my vertical antennas before changing over to loops.

It seems to me a loop (if wire diameter is large) may be bit better
then vertical of same dimension if there are lot of enviroment losses
(many trees and so on). Loop should be less sensetive to enviroment then
vertical. But in clear space vertical should be better.

Generally by increasing wire diameter one can increase loop
effectivity. Unfortutenly You can't increse vertical effectivity in such a
way.

Any way comprehensive study of the problem (vertical versus loop) seems
to be very worth and interesting. But this require lot of work both
experimental as theoretical.


Hoprisontal loop can not be effective because it will produce strong
current in the ground and loss should be hight.


73 de RA9MB/Alex
http://www.qsl.net/ra9mb




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Subject: RE: LF: RE: Re: RE: Loop vs Marconi
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Hi Alex,
We use vertical loops here. The trees don't affect them much. I can walk up
to my loop and watch the RF current meter and not see any change until I get
closer than 1 foot from the loop and then it drops a little. They work nice
with all my trees in my yard.
73's,
Mike>WE0H
http://www.we0h.us/lf.html

-----Original Message-----
From: owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
[mailto:owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org]On Behalf Of Alexander S. Yurkov
Sent: Friday, November 15, 2002 4:23 AM
To: 'rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org'
Subject: Re: LF: RE: Re: RE: Loop vs Marconi


Hi, Group.

On Thu, 14 Nov 2002, Ashlock,William wrote:
>
> >A canopy of trees will also effect a loop antenna, try a 50 ft vertical
and
> >gain 6dbs and you will probably still be on the plus side even with some
> >attenuation from the trees.
>
> You sir, are absolutely WRONG!
>
> A spent 100s of hours on my vertical antennas before changing over to
loops.

It seems to me a loop (if wire diameter is large) may be bit better
then vertical of same dimension if there are lot of enviroment losses
(many trees and so on). Loop should be less sensetive to enviroment then
vertical. But in clear space vertical should be better.

Generally by increasing wire diameter one can increase loop
effectivity. Unfortutenly You can't increse vertical effectivity in such a
way.

Any way comprehensive study of the problem (vertical versus loop) seems
to be very worth and interesting. But this require lot of work both
experimental as theoretical.


Hoprisontal loop can not be effective because it will produce strong
current in the ground and loss should be hight.


73 de RA9MB/Alex
http://www.qsl.net/ra9mb




_____________________________________________________
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From: "Ashlock,William" <William.Ashlock@edwards.boc.com>
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Hi Mal,

Sort of figured you would be popping in on this.

>A loop only 6db down is a BIG DOWN ie signal 4  times weaker than a
vertical

6db is 6db! That's 1/2 the reading in uv/m on my SVM. You can try to over
emphasize this by stating the power multiplier. So far I'm NOT impressed.
<G>

>A canopy of trees will also effect a loop antenna, try a 50 ft vertical and
>gain 6dbs and you will probably still be on the plus side even with some
>attenuation from the trees.

You sir, are absolutely WRONG!

A spent 100s of hours on my vertical antennas before changing over to loops.
I carefully set up receiving sites at which to measure the far field
radiation with an accurate SVM. The field strength closely matched the
mathematics for a vertical radiator of my size, and current distribution.
The problem was high system resistance (as it appears to be in most of the
poor vertical installations). The system resistance plots from the chart
recorder made an excellent report of the sap content in the trees totally
surrounding the top hat. The only time the resistance was a worthy number,
say 50 ohms, was when the temperature dropped below 10deg F. This when most
of the sap exited from the branches are was stored in the roots. In the
summer the system resistance could be as high as 150 ohms. I even designed a
tree sensing probe that measured the effective series resistance of the
tress.

When I set up my first 50' x 50' loop I couldn't believe the increase in
signal at all my monitoring locations! About 6db using a #12 loop wire. At
that point I knew I had something worth investment of more time and began a
series of tests to determine the effect of varying everything: the number of
loop conductors (parallel and series connected), the effect of the spacing
to the ground, the effect of placing the loop right over the top of the
trees, the effect of ground moisture content, the effect of varying the
conductor diameter, use of Litz wire. I then spend many hours analyzing this
data and applied the math to it. In summary: LF loops can be placed on the
top of trees with lees than a 1db loss in loop current and the signal
strength in the far field is very close to the numbers from the text books.

My present loop is constructed from .63" OD copper pipe. The figure of merit
for 50/50 loop antennas is the total AC resistance (Rac), including ground
losses, and this one measures under 0.4 ohms. An RG-8 loop of the same
dimensions will have a dry Rac of 0.60 ohms and is one that has more appeal
to the average Lowfer. Signal is down just 1.7db from the pipe loop.

I wish you well my friend with your monster vertical, but just remember
there are 'mortals' like myself that are perfectly content with a 'second
rate' loop that installs in a couple of hours, doesn't need a ground sytem
or a chain saw, is nearly invisible to friends and neighbors...... and gets
out dam well, to boot!

Perhaps next year we can learn the real truth about how these antennas
compare by looking at each others signal strength readings? 

Bill Ashlock

 

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This e-mail has been scanned for viruses by the WorldCom Internet Managed Scanning Service - powered by MessageLabs. For further information visit http://www.worldcom.com


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From: "hamilton mal" <g3kev.ham@virgin.net>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Date: Wed, 13 Nov 2002 19:31:13 -0000
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
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<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>The odd Off Topic message, especially radio related 
is not a problem but it looks like the PUZZLE has taken over this reflector 
lately. </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>de G3KEV</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV></BODY></HTML>

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At 16:14 14/11/2002 +0000, you wrote:
> > >Anyone found a way to make a loop omnidirectional?
> >
> > Use a vertical sense aerial with it.
>Fine on receive, but a bit limited on transmit.

You might do better to get rid of the loop and just use the sense aerial...

Cheers, Jim Moritz
73 de M0BMU



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----- Original Message -----
From: "Ashlock,William" <William.Ashlock@edwards.boc.com>
To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: Thursday, November 14, 2002 4:50 AM
Subject: LF: RE: Loop vs Marconi


> Peter,
>
> >When we started on 73kHz some years ago G2AJV was the first to put out a
> reasonably
> >strong signal and he was using a large loop. G4JNT and G3XDV also put out
> reasonable
> >signals from very restricted sites and later found that a Marconi from
the
> same site
> >radiated a stronger signal for the same transmitter power. As a result it
> >has become part of UK LF collective wisdom that the Marconi is superior
to
> a
> >loop of the same size.
>
> That was also the 'collective wisdom' amongst Lowfers in the US, until 3
> years ago. The Wisdom was based on 'cut and try' and "how am I coming in?"
> types of scientific study. The net result in the US was ZERO loop
antennas.
> It is also the 'collective wisdom' of most Low frequency textbooks in the
> MIT Engineering library dating back to the 1920s that loops have no
> practical use for transmitting at low frequencies.
>
> I have spent 100s of hours experimenting with different configurations
> making field strength measurements, comparing them with the classic
> radiation equations, determining the effect of soil loss, and conductor
> loss, determining if a ground screen is needed. My data and mathematical
> studies indicate that a simple 50'x50' loop with a .37" conductor is ~6db
> inferior to a 50' tall vertical,

A loop only 6db down is a BIG DOWN ie signal 4  times weaker than a vertical

 having a 50' diameter top hat and with a
> elaborate ground system located in an open field. On my property, because
of
> the canopy of trees,

A canopy of trees will also effect a loop antenna, try a 50 ft vertical and
gain 6dbs and you will probably still be on the plus side even with some
attenuation from the trees.

 there is absolutely no hope for a vertical antenna and
> I spent 2 years with the same diligence with verticals as I have with my
> loop antenna and it ended in failure - as is the case for, no doubt, for
> many other vertical users that we don't hear from any more.
>
> I'm not surprised at all about the mediocre reputation of loop antennas
when
> I read about other loop antenna descriptions. I often find conductor Rac
> inadequate and loop-to-ground spacing too small, poor matching, and a
> general lack of knowing what math to apply to these variables. There is
one
> 'expert' that doesn't even know how to match a coax to a large loop and
> boasts how poorly his 'best effort' loop compares to his vertical on
> receive.

Bill.
I have tried fairly large loops, matching correctly at the loop/coax end
both series and parallel systems for comparison and on Receive they work but
not as well as the vertical.
On the question of Transmitting, some here in the UK are aiming to run the
max power permitted ie 1W erp. This means running power levels of up to 2000
Watts to small verticals to achieve the object. RF current at these power
levels is manageable at SEVERAL amps using a vertical antenna but using a so
called large loop the RF current could be up to 100 amps and virtually
impossible to operate.
In the USA as you have said the permitted power level is so low that you do
not have a problem with a loop with RF current of a few milliamps. Your
circumstances over there are totally different to the UK and some parts of
EU.
Recent mail posted here by Jim about loops and RF amperage and by Peter
about those that started with loops and then switched to verticals, find the
vertical superior given the same circumstances.
I always thought a vertical took up less space than a large loop and has the
advantage of being omni directional as opposed to a loop limitations being
only bi-directional.
Some UK/EU stations are using both loop and vertical antennas and their
signal are much superior when using the vertical.
The only loop with an advantage is one used on a frequency with its natural
resonance on that frequency ie a 20 metre loop vertically orientated used on
the 20 metre band. Horizontal loops also work well but need to be at least
1/2 wavelength high at the required frequency.
 These are my observations from over 50 years experience both as a radio
amateur and professional in the business.
The above criteria works well for me and last years transatlantic tests to
W4DEX and other USA and Canadian stations proves the point.
73 de Mal/G3KEV

>





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<DIV><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial size=2><SPAN class=539580218-14112002>but it 
is so easy to delete</SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
  <DIV align=left class=OutlookMessageHeader dir=ltr><FONT face=Tahoma 
  size=2>-----Opprinnelig melding-----<BR><B>Fra:</B> hamilton mal 
  [mailto:g3kev.ham@virgin.net]<BR><B>Sendt:</B> 13. november 2002 
  20:31<BR><B>Til:</B> rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org<BR><B>Emne:</B> LF: 
  puzzle<BR><BR></DIV></FONT>
  <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>The odd Off Topic message, especially radio 
  related is not a problem but it looks like the PUZZLE has taken over this 
  reflector lately. </FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>de G3KEV</FONT></DIV>
  <DIV>&nbsp;</DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></BODY></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Dear Bill, LF Group

At 23:50 13/11/2002 -0500, you wrote:
>. My data and mathematical
>studies indicate that a simple 50'x50' loop with a .37" conductor is ~6db
>inferior to a 50' tall vertical, having a 50' diameter top hat and with a
>elaborate ground system located in an open field.

One point worth making - US Lowfer activity centres around 185k, while in 
Europe we are concerned with 137k. Since the radiation resistance of a 
vertical varies with the square of frequency, while that of a loop varies 
with the 4th power, the difference in frequency swings things in favour of 
the loop for lowfers by roughly (185/137)^2, about 2.6dB, if everything 
else is equal. Alternatively, you could scale the size of antennas with the 
wavelength, so to get the same result as Bill is talking about on 136k, we 
would be looking at a basic dimension of 68 feet (21m) instead of 50 feet - 
unrealistically big for most of us, unfortunately.

My back-of envelope-reckoning goes like this:- A 10m high, 40m long antenna 
is the biggest I can put up. As a vertical, it has a radiation resistance 
of around 26milliohms. Using the same space, and with a bit of clearance 
for obstacles on the ground, a loop would be about 320m^2. This has a 
radiation resistance of 140 micro-ohms. If we are lucky, and the loop acts 
as if it is over a perfect ground plane, this might increase to 280 
micro-ohms. To get the same radiated power, the current would have to be 
sqrt(26m/280u) times bigger, about 48A instead of 5A. The loss resistance 
of the vertical is about 40 ohms, so efficiency is about 0.00065. To get 
the same efficiency from the loop, the loss resistance would have to be 
kept down to (280u/0.00065) = 0.43 ohms. But there is also the problem of 
directionality of the loop. Due to the shape of my garden, it must run due 
E-W. But the USA, for example, is in a NW direction. This results in about 
3dB "loss" in field strength in the desired direction. So to produce the 
same field strength as the vertical in the USA, the current would have to 
go up by 3dB to 68A. For the same transmitter power, this would require 
loss resistance to be kept below 0.22ohms.

I am not sure how feasible it is to reach these figures, but I am sure it 
is easier to make a vertical with 40 ohm loss resistance capable of 5A 
antenna current than it is to make a loop with 0.22ohms and 68A antenna 
current. At the least, getting a sufficient amount of metal into the air 
would require stronger antenna supports than I currnetly have. There are 
plenty of unknown variables which might shift the result either way by 
several dB, but these can only be found by experiment. I do plan to try 
back-to-back comparison experiments between a loop and vertical antennas 
when time permits, probably next summer - but I will be surprised if a 
practical loop antenna proves to be more efficient than a vertical.

Cheers, Jim Moritz
73 de M0BMU



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Alan Melia" <Alan.Melia@btinternet.com>
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Hi Jay, I dont think you need worry about angling signal upwards for
skywave. It will only exceed groundwave strength at greater than about 600
to 700kms according to the meaurements I have seen.  The steeper it goes,
the deeper it goes (into the D-layer) and the more absorption it suffers.
Hence no skip zone on LF. I think this distance is fairly indepenent of
power level. If you concentrate on getting good strength on the ground about
a mile away from the aerial, you cant go far wrong.

Cheers de Alan G3NYK
alan.melia@btinternet.com
http://www.alan.melia.btinternet.co.uk




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Dear Jay, LF group,

At 06:33 14/11/2002 -0500, you wrote:
>Not sure, but I think you can prove this with a small receive loop while
>nulling out a local broadcast station. Tilt the loop even slightly off
>vertical and away goes your null in a hurry.
Oh no it doesn't! I have tried this with an LF loop antenna - if you have 
the loop horizontal, it nulls out everything from all directions, including 
the QRN. It would appear there really is no vertical H field near the 
ground for the loop to pick up at LF. Pity really, you could use the 
horizontal loop as an omnidirectional RX antenna otherwise.

If you do this experiment with a BC band radio, and you imagine a plane 
cutting through the TX and RX, so long as you keep the axis of the ferrite 
rod in this plane (ie. at right angles to the H field), there will be a 
null in the signal however much you tilt the axis of the rod.  Try this 
experiment outdoors, away from metalwork and wires which can distort the 
fields and spoil the null.

If what you suggest about the TX loop antenna were true, the same is true 
of an RX loop antenna. This would mean you would never get a null in 
skywave DX signals with a vertical loop if they arrive at an appreciable 
angle. Experience shows you usually do get a reasonable null.

Cheers, Jim Moritz
73 de M0BMU



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From: "M. J. Powell" <mike@pickmere.demon.co.uk>
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In message <004801c28bb7$b2c00580$015e89d9@jackie>, Steve Thompson 
<steve@eltac.co.uk> writes
>Anyone found a way to make a loop omnidirectional?

Use a vertical sense aerial with it.

Mike
-- 
M.J.Powell



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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At 23:50 13/11/2002 +0000, you wrote:
>Hi all, Oh yes it does.....I've seen it and in fact we used to look at
>silicon Planar (Fairchild TM, I think) emitter junctions for poor doping and
>masking flaws using that in the early 1960s.
Dear Alan, LF Group,

I tried it with a 2N2222 - With a few mA B-E reverse current, I could see a 
few tiny dots of light under x 60 magnification. With 100mA, these merged 
into a continuous thin line of pinkish-white light in the gap between the 
base and emitter metalisation, presumably coming from the junction itself. 
With the high current, it was visible to the naked eye in a darkened room 
as a tiny dot of light.

Cheers, Jim Moritz
73 de M0BMU



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Hello Hugh, Jim, Alan et al

Hugh M0WYE wrote:
>I wonder how you demodulate CW signals - do you allow the circuit to
>oscillate as you would do with a conventional regenerative circuit ? The
>basic Spontaflex seems to be an AM receiver.

Yes, works just as a "conventional" regen, receiving CW whilst gently
oscillating. It's a lot more sensitive in this mode than it is when
demodulating an AM signal (set just short of oscillation) - much more so
than I would expect, in fact. Have yet to work out why this should be -
there's certainly a number of quirks in that circuit!
The only real audio filtering I have at present consists of a 22nF capacitor
across my pair of SG Brown "Type F" 4kohm phones, the combination resonating
at about 750Hz. This has reasonably decent Q when used as the collector load
of the audio output transistor, which helps in more ways than one.

Jim M0BMU wrote:
>The small ferrite cored inductors that are fairly readily available can be
>used to make passive bandpass filters of several hundred Hz BW quite
>easily. If you don't mind winding some pot cores, and have some test
>equipment (audio generator & voltmeter), passive filters with bandwidth
>down to 50Hz are not too difficult. With limited dynamic range, you might
>be better to go for a passive preselector, which can also be made with
>several 100Hz bandwidth, if you can find suitable pot cores.

Alan G3NYK wrote:
> As to the effects of DCF39 ....(and it may be being useful as a BFO in
that
> circuit !!) it is possible at the LF frequencies to build a bridged-T
notch
> filter that will remove DCF39 with little loss in the 136 band. You will
> need a high Q inductor  as its is only 1030Hz above the band , so a Q of
> about 130 will still leave you with 3dB loss at the top of the band. It
> should be possible to make a circuit with a Q or 500 to 600, which should
> make the in-band loss almost negligible. There is even an example in the
AC
> analysis ZIP download (I think) using a 50uH inductor. The only difference
> might be it is easier to centre-tap the coil that use a capacitor "tap"
> (which was easier in the program)

Hmm, interesting (particularly the notch idea). It's obviously better to put
as much filtering as possible right up front, so I'll look at combining a
narrow RF bandpass filter with one or maybe even two bridged-T notches to
reduce the effects of the nearby commercials. It'll increase the overall
size of the receiver several-fold, but then you can't have everything! I've
got gain to spare in the receiver itself, so hopefully a little loss with
moderate coil Q should not be too much of an issue (in fact it might even
help). Will report back in due course.

73, Kevin G1HDQ



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From: "Steve Thompson" <steve@eltac.co.uk>
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On Thursday 14 November 2002 11:56, you wrote:
> In message <004801c28bb7$b2c00580$015e89d9@jackie>, Steve Thompson
> <steve@eltac.co.uk> writes
>
> >Anyone found a way to make a loop omnidirectional?
>
> Use a vertical sense aerial with it.
Fine on receive, but a bit limited on transmit.

Steve


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Hello Steve and Jay,

I simulated a 15m high / 30m long loop at 1m above ground (Er=5, S=0.1mS/m) 
using MMAMA.
Results were :

>The loop is actually fairly omnidirectional - just not at 0 degrees
>elevation. As you move up from 0 degrees elevation the pattern starts to
>"fill in" nicely in the direction of the "nulls".
The nulls are minimal at an elevation of about 30 degrees (but still -15..20dB)

>Not sure, but I think you can prove this with a small receive loop while
>nulling out a local broadcast station. Tilt the loop even slightly off
>vertical and away goes your null in a hurry.
Tilting the loop didn't change the radiation pattern (vertical 
polarization), but it just probably reduces the radiation resistance

The above assumes not "electrical pick-up". Maybe the nulls in a RX loop 
get smaller when tilting the loop because the magnetic component decreases 
while the electric component almost remains.



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Steve

The loop is actually fairly omnidirectional - just not at 0 degrees
elevation. As you move up from 0 degrees elevation the pattern starts to
"fill in" nicely in the direction of the "nulls".

Not sure, but I think you can prove this with a small receive loop while
nulling out a local broadcast station. Tilt the loop even slightly off
vertical and away goes your null in a hurry.

While I realize that low angle radiation is no doubt desirable, does
anyone know the optimum radiation angle to best "couple" into skywave
propagation for a given transmitter to receiver distance? I may have
missed this info in the literature.

Jay Rusgrove, W1VD



Steve Thompson wrote:

> Anyone found a way to make a loop omnidirectional?
>
> Steve



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Mike wrote:
> the same way as they do on VHF. Just use a
> quarter-wavelength of coax!!

or a 3/4 wavelength ...
Or - you could spin the loop really fast. (with slip rings for the signal)
For VHF DF they switch rapidly between four quarter-wave whips arranged in a
square, which gives a sort of rotating aerial - you could use FETs to switch
between the signals from two loops to do the same.
But this would introduce a new frequency - which you could use as a beat
frequency to resolve the cw.

Hugh M0WYE




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> Another way is to use two loops crossed under 90 degrees. But you have to
> introduce an extra 90 degrees phase shift in the signal from one of the
> loops  before combining them.
>
> 73, Dick, PA0SE

That's easily accomplished, the same way as they do on VHF. Just use a
quarter-wavelength of coax!!

Mike, G3XDV
http://www.lf.thersgb.net
====================



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<html>
<font size=3><b>Steve,<br><br>
You can make a&nbsp; loop omnidirectional by mounting it horizontal. That
makes it respond to the vertically polarized component of the EM field,
so of no use on LF.<br><br>
Another way is to use two loops crossed under 90 degrees. But you have to
introduce an extra 90 degrees phase shift in the signal from one of the
loops&nbsp; before combining them.<br><br>
73, Dick, PA0SE<br><br>
</b>At 08:27 14-11-02 +0000, you wrote:<br>
<blockquote type=cite class=cite cite>Anyone found a way to make a loop
omnidirectional?<br><br>
Steve</font></blockquote></html>

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Steve,

As far as I know one can not make a single loop omnidirectional. But a 
combination of 2 loop (under a 90 degrees angle, a kind of "crossed loops") 
may have an almost omnidirectional pattern.

73, Rik  ON7YD

At 08:27 14/11/2002 +0000, you wrote:
>Anyone found a way to make a loop omnidirectional?
>
>Steve



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Anyone found a way to make a loop omnidirectional?

Steve



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From: "Dave Sergeant" <dsergeant@connectfree.co.uk>
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As you may remember (but it seems some don't) I have detailed 
information on my transmit loop on my website and a comparison with 
the performance of a vertical on the same site. In my case the loop 
clearly outperformed the vertical by a significant margin. It really 
is a matter of site characteristics, and it is certainly wrong to 
dismiss loops out of hand. We are amateurs after all, and 
experimentation is what we should be doing.

My vertical has now been converted back to a Top Band vertical - I 
was very pleased to work Reino OH1UFO the other night using 5W QRP!

73s Dave G3YMC

dsergeant@iee.org
dsergeant@btinternet.com
http://www.dsergeant.btinternet.co.uk




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From: "Ashlock,William" <William.Ashlock@edwards.boc.com>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Date: Wed, 13 Nov 2002 23:50:37 -0500
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Peter,

>When we started on 73kHz some years ago G2AJV was the first to put out a
reasonably
>strong signal and he was using a large loop. G4JNT and G3XDV also put out
reasonable
>signals from very restricted sites and later found that a Marconi from the
same site
>radiated a stronger signal for the same transmitter power. As a result it
>has become part of UK LF collective wisdom that the Marconi is superior to
a
>loop of the same size.

That was also the 'collective wisdom' amongst Lowfers in the US, until 3
years ago. The Wisdom was based on 'cut and try' and "how am I coming in?"
types of scientific study. The net result in the US was ZERO loop antennas.
It is also the 'collective wisdom' of most Low frequency textbooks in the
MIT Engineering library dating back to the 1920s that loops have no
practical use for transmitting at low frequencies.

I have spent 100s of hours experimenting with different configurations
making field strength measurements, comparing them with the classic
radiation equations, determining the effect of soil loss, and conductor
loss, determining if a ground screen is needed. My data and mathematical
studies indicate that a simple 50'x50' loop with a .37" conductor is ~6db
inferior to a 50' tall vertical, having a 50' diameter top hat and with a
elaborate ground system located in an open field. On my property, because of
the canopy of trees, there is absolutely no hope for a vertical antenna and
I spent 2 years with the same diligence with verticals as I have with my
loop antenna and it ended in failure - as is the case for, no doubt, for
many other vertical users that we don't hear from any more. 

I'm not surprised at all about the mediocre reputation of loop antennas when
I read about other loop antenna descriptions. I often find conductor Rac
inadequate and loop-to-ground spacing too small, poor matching, and a
general lack of knowing what math to apply to these variables. There is one
'expert' that doesn't even know how to match a coax to a large loop and
boasts how poorly his 'best effort' loop compares to his vertical on
receive. 

Regards,
Bill Ashlock

PS: I would give my eye teeth to be able to set up a loop and vertical in
that large field for a shootout. Perhaps the opportunity will arrive before
long!  

   







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From: "g3ldo" <g3ldo@ukonline.co.uk>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
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Bill A said:

> Gee, Mal, if all of us follow this general statement of yours, you will
have
> few new stations to contact (as you were complaining about only a month
> ago). All debates aside, at least the loop allows a way for a number of us
> to transmit on LF .......... with sites impossible on which to erect a
> vertical. And don't be concerned about the 100w power level, proposed in
the
> US, over- driving a 50'x50' loop. A 12Ga wire has no problem with the 8.3A
> of current at 100W.
>
> BTW: The number of TX loop using Lowfers will likely outnumber the number
of
> vertical using Lowfers (the active ones) in the US this winter!

It is interesting that Lowfers in the USA have found the transmitting loop
superior to the Marconi in a restricted QTH. When we started on 73kHz some
years ago G2AJV was the first to put out a reasonably strong signal and he
was using a large loop. G4JNT and G3XDV also put out reasonable signals from
very restricted sites and later found that a Marconi from the same site
radiated a stronger signal for the same transmitter power. As a result it
has become part of UK LF collective wisdom that the Marconi is superior to a
loop of the same size.  The Lowfers have more years experience working under
more restrictive conditions than we have. Bill, do you have some comparative
data?

A description of constructing transmitting loop antenna variable capacitors
appeared in Radcom Feb 1994 called 'Experimental magnetic loop Antennas' by
C R Reynolds, GW3JTP. The article is reproduced in the book 'Backyard
Antennas'.

Regards,
Peter, G3LDO

e-mail <g3ldo@ukonline.co.uk>

Web <http://web.ukonline.co.uk/g3ldo>












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From: "Alan Melia" <Alan.Melia@btinternet.com>
To: "LF-Group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Date: Wed, 13 Nov 2002 23:50:15 -0000
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Hi all, Oh yes it does.....I've seen it and in fact we used to look at
silicon Planar (Fairchild TM, I think) emitter junctions for poor doping and
masking flaws using that in the early 1960s.

You do need a few milliamps of current and It starts off as a red or orange
glow round the emitter periphery when view under about 100x met. microscope.
I think it "whitens up" as you increase the current.  I still have a feeling
that there may be some truth in what Andy says the hot electrons from the
avalanche at a few milliamps could be  forced quite deep into the device and
some could easily be trapped by the collector. The thing is that most of the
breakdown current is carried at the surface just under the SiO2 passivation.
The field does not really aid electrons going deeper to the collector. It
does inject hot electrons into "traps" the oxide and reduce the gain of the
transistor as well. This is a similar effect to UVEPROMs I think.

Motto never let BJTs run into eb avalanche breakdown ....and that includes
RF devices being driven hard. Nat Sokal of Class-E fame has written papers
on that.

Rik's effect ......I have seen almost negative impedance characteristics on
a curve tracer. I can not remember the condition but avalanche is very like
gas discharge in some ways, and there is a well known sawtooth osc you can
make with a neon and and a capacitor. Some devices have very (spacially)
uneven breakdown and areas flicker on and off as they get hot. At the edge
of breakdown there can be very unstable "spots" round a circular emitter
which light up first. "Finger" emitters are more complicated as there is the
radius of curvature effect on the field as well.

All good fun it brings back memories from 40 years ago.....in the Post
Ofiice Research Submerged Repeater Transistor group.

Cheers de Alan G3NYK
alan.melia@btinternet.com




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<HTML><FONT FACE=arial,helvetica><FONT  SIZE=2 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="2">Dear group,<BR>
<BR>
thanks to Alan for pointing out Bob Pease as the original source of the experiment. I think DL2NDO mentioned it when he told us about it a few years ago, I just didn't remember.<BR>
<BR>
Yes, that's the clue to the voltage inverter: photocurrent in the c-b-junction. You really don't need a microscope to see its origin, though a small magnifier helps. Just look at the chip in the dark and turn on reverse-bias, and you will see a faint glow of orange-coloured light. It is quite pretty on a larger transistor like a 2N3055, the structured rim of the emitter zone is seamed by luminescence. - But the voltage conversion is not very efficient: 0.3V x 0.4uA output from a 2N5322 fed with -9V x -4mA (yes, PNPs can do it just as well).<BR>
<BR>
For a moment I had also considered rectified zener noise, but I think polarity would be the other way round: RF rectification in a diode generates reverse, light "rectification" forward voltage. - Today I connected a scope parallel to the 2N2222 e-b-junction in pursuit of Rik's observation, and yes, there it was: Slightly above the threshold of avalanching, there were three discrete bands of instability, up to 50 mV pp. I couldn't trigger the timebase properly so it was not periodic; the display looked a bit like a train of pulses clipped between two levels, as if someone turned the avalanching on and off at random. A pair of 300 ohm headphones in place of the biasing resistor revealed it as wideband (and apparently very non-gaussian) noise.<BR>
<BR>
Boys, lets get back to business ;-) ... Apropos headphones: they remind me of an experiment Geri and I did some time in 2001: We connected them to my LF antenna through an old TV line-transformer acting as a resonating inductance, tunable by the width of its airgap. Then we listened to the high-pitched beeps of the russian Alpha beacons, without any amplification or frequency conversion. Had I tried this 40 years earlier, perhaps I could have _heard_ SAQ on baseband...<BR>
<BR>
73 es best wishes<BR>
de Markus, DF6NM<BR>
</FONT></HTML>

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From: "Ashlock,William" <William.Ashlock@edwards.boc.com>
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Mal,

>This is what I have been saying all along about loops and power levels
>around the 1W plus on LF. The only sensible antenna for transmitting on LF
>is a vertical to cater for medium and higher power levels.

Gee, Mal, if all of us follow this general statement of yours, you will have
few new stations to contact (as you were complaining about only a month
ago). All debates aside, at least the loop allows a way for a number of us
to transmit on LF .......... with sites impossible on which to erect a
vertical. And don't be concerned about the 100w power level, proposed in the
US, over- driving a 50'x50' loop. A 12Ga wire has no problem with the 8.3A
of current at 100W.

BTW: The number of TX loop using Lowfers will likely outnumber the number of
vertical using Lowfers (the active ones) in the US this winter! 

Bill A  


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----- Original Message -----
From: "James Moritz" <j.r.moritz@herts.ac.uk>
To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: Monday, November 11, 2002 10:31 AM
Subject: Re: LF: Question on building homebrew variable caps...


> At 21:28 10/11/2002 -0600, you wrote:
> >I would like to know if anyone has built variable capacitors for
> >transmitters or tuners. I would like to build a variable capacitor that
is
> >at least 100pf and can handle 40 amps of RF current. Does anyone have any
> >ideas or links to some articles???
> >Thanks es 73's,
> >Mike>WE0H
> >http://www.we0h.us/lf.html
>
> Dear Mike, LF group,
>
> What frequency is it for? Surely not LF - at 185kHz, the voltage rating
> might be a problem - about 340kV with 40A!

This is what I have been saying all along about loops and power levels
around the 1W plus on LF. The only sensible antenna for transmitting on LF
is a vertical to cater for medium and higher power levels.
Loops work for receiving with the directional limitation but then a few feet
of wire lying on the ground works just as well !!

de G3KEV

>
> Cheers, Jim Moritz
> 73 de M0BMU
>
>



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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On Wednesday 13 November 2002 14:32, you wrote:
> I didn't get anything like that, but the negative voltage generator has a
> pronounced threshold as the device starts to avalanche.
> I wonder if you are getting an effect caused by the capacitive loading of
> the scope probe coupled with, perhaps, a negative resistance region over
> the few mV close to avalanche start.  Again a guess.   Steve's memory of
> Bob Pease's explanation is a bit unexpected, I wouldn't have thought a
> reverse biassed junction would generate light.  After all, LEDs are forward
> biassed in operation.

As best I recall the article, the light is visible with a microscope

Steve


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From: "Andy talbot" <g4jnt@thersgb.net>
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I didn't get anything like that, but the negative voltage generator has a 
pronounced threshold as the device starts to avalanche.
I wonder if you are getting an effect caused by the capacitive loading of the 
scope probe coupled with, perhaps, a negative resistance region over the few mV 
close to avalanche start.  Again a guess.   Steve's memory of Bob Pease's 
explanation is a bit unexpected, I wouldn't have thought a reverse biassed 
junction would generate light.  After all, LEDs are forward biassed in 
operation.

Another explanation that someone came up with is that the avalanche generates 
noise (it certainly does, noise diodes are just RF diodes with reverse 
breakdown) and that this noise is then being rectified in the C-B junction to 
give the -ve voltage.   I still wonder if it could be due to energetic 
electrons hitting the base junction and passing though the thin layer, then 
building up a charge on the reverse biassed C-B junction.

Or perhaps a combination of all three !

Andy  G4JNT



-----Original Message-----
From:	Rik Strobbe [SMTP:rik.strobbe@fys.kuleuven.ac.be]
Sent:	2002/11/13 12:35
To:	rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject:	LF: Tuesday's riddle (part 2)

Hello Marcus,

very  interesting.
I did the experiment with a BC547c and as Andy I got a negative voltage.
While playing with it I reduced the voltage to +/- 5V and saw an even more
interesting effect, over a range of a few 10mV I got a nice sawtooth
signal. I wonder if someone can reproduce it ...

73, Rik  ON7YD

At 14:58 11/11/2002 -0500, you wrote:
>Hi group,
>
>this little experiment was pointed out to me by Ralph, DL2NDO a few years ago:
>
>You need an ordinary NPN transistor (eg. 2N2222), a 9V battery, a 1k
>resistor and a voltmeter. Connect the negative battery terminal to the
>base and the positive to the emitter, via the resistor. Now predict the
>voltage drop between collector and base. Can't be too hard...
>
>Then measure it - you'll be surprised. Any explanations? We finally ended
>up opening the poor transistor's case.
>
>Have fun
>Markus, DF6NM
 << File: ATT00000.htm >> 


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Alan Melia" <Alan.Melia@btinternet.com>
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Hi Kevin, I think Jim has beaten me to the draw......why are so many people
afraid of inductors these days?? This strange idea preceded the digital
revolution that everything active ( using "non-ideal" op-amps) was "good".
Passive filters take a lot of beating (they can be beaten in some areas with
a lot of technology) for simpicity. This is particularly when the resistor
component like inductors are made readily available from Toko. Whilst all
filter design programs will yield "silly" inductor values it is possible to
do what we always used to in
amateur design....pick the nearest "prefered" value from the Toko list.
These are not as good as home wound pot cores that Jim suggests but a lot
less trouble. After selecting a "nearest" value use an AC analysis computer
program to check that the response is still reasonable ( expensive software
?? ....there is a free one on my web site!) and tweak the caps a little if
necessary.

As to the effects of DCF39 ....(and it may be being useful as a BFO in that
circuit !!) it is possible at the LF frequencies to build a bridged-T notch
filter that will remove DCF39 with little loss in the 136 band. You will
need a high Q inductor  as its is only 1030Hz above the band , so a Q of
about 130 will still leave you with 3dB loss at the top of the band. It
should be possible to make a circuit with a Q or 500 to 600, which should
make the in-band loss almost negligible. There is even an example in the AC
analysis ZIP download (I think) using a 50uH inductor. The only difference
might be it is easier to centre-tap the coil that use a capacitor "tap"
(which was easier in the program)

It good to see "Radio Destructor" articles surfacing again, even if the
reason for them was that in 1964 a full spec transistor cost about 10% of
the average weekly wage, valves were a lot cheaper.

Happy constructing
Cheers de Alan G3NYK
alan.melia@btinternet.com
http://www.alan.melia.btinternet.co.uk





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<html>
Hello Marcus,<br><br>
very&nbsp; interesting.<br>
I did the experiment with a BC547c and as Andy I got a negative voltage.
<br>
While playing with it I reduced the voltage to +/- 5V and saw an even
more interesting effect, over a range of a few 10mV I got a nice sawtooth
signal. I wonder if someone can reproduce it ...<br><br>
73, Rik&nbsp; ON7YD<br><br>
At 14:58 11/11/2002 -0500, you wrote:<br>
<blockquote type=cite class=cite cite><font size=2>Hi group,<br><br>
this little experiment was pointed out to me by Ralph, DL2NDO a few years
ago:<br><br>
You need an ordinary NPN transistor (eg. 2N2222), a 9V battery, a 1k
resistor and a voltmeter. Connect the negative battery terminal to the
base and the positive to the emitter, via the resistor. Now predict the
voltage drop between collector and base. Can't be too hard...<br><br>
Then measure it - you'll be surprised. Any explanations? We finally ended
up opening the poor transistor's case.<br><br>
Have fun<br>
Markus, DF6NM</font></blockquote></html>

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Dear Kevin, LF group,

At 10:11 13/11/2002 +0000, you wrote:
>I'm currently trying to work out a way of getting more audio filtering
>into my latest 136kHz regenerative receiver without increasing the number of
>active devices

The small ferrite cored inductors that are fairly readily available can be 
used to make passive bandpass filters of several hundred Hz BW quite 
easily. If you don't mind winding some pot cores, and have some test 
equipment (audio generator & voltmeter), passive filters with bandwidth 
down to 50Hz are not too difficult. With limited dynamic range, you might 
be better to go for a passive preselector, which can also be made with 
several 100Hz bandwidth, if you can find suitable pot cores.

It is certainly possible to achieve adequate sensitivity with a small 
number of active devices - the electromechanical SAQ receiver I made a 
while back had none at all of course. Another project along these lines I 
once tried was a direct conversion RX for 80m, which was basically a diode 
mixer impedance matched to an antenna a pair of headphones, and a VFO. A 
signal of 2uV was audible with no gain at all; with a single transistor 
audio stage, you could hear down to the band noise level.

Cheers, Jim Moritz
73 de M0BMU




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Kevin Ravenhill wrote:
> .... it hears things on 136kHz, which is what matters, ...

What an intriguing circuit - I read up on the "Spontaflex" on this web site:
http://www.spontaflex.freeserve.co.uk/autoflex/autoflexpage1.jpg
I had not heard of it before.

I wonder how you demodulate CW signals - do you allow the circuit to
oscillate as you would do with a conventional regenerative circuit ? The
basic Spontaflex seems to be an AM receiver.

73
Hugh M0WYE








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On Wednesday 13 November 2002 09:37, you wrote:
> No, where is his article ?  I remember Bob Pease and many of his practical
> engineering tips made fascinating reading, but don't read EDN now.  Is he a
> Ham, or just an analogue person ?

As far as I know, he's not licenced.

I inferred from someone else's post that it was there to be found - Bob's 
column was where I first saw the question posed. If you do a search on 'Bob 
Pease' one of the results is the EDN archive of his column, but there's no 
clue as to which article holds the relevant bit. It's all worth reading, lots 
of thoughtful electronics and engineering. I particularly liked the piece on 
'Muntzing'.

In an hour or two, visit www.qsl.net/g8gsq/puzzleanswer.htm if you want my 
recollection of Bob's explanation.

Steve


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From: "Kevin Ravenhill" <hdq@btinternet.com>
To: "LF Group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
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Date: Wed, 13 Nov 2002 10:11:44 -0000
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Subject: LF: Re: Puzzles and DX
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Mike Dennison wrote:

> It did, however, surprise me that in a weekend that saw more 136kHz
contacts
> at 1500km+ than ever before, and many 'firsts' and personal bests (thanks
to
> the excellent Russian expedition), together with more 73kHz stations than
> ever before being copied in the USA, the reflector was dominated by
academic
> puzzles.
>

I guess everyone was off working the DX and too busy to post to the
reflector!

I don't have a problem with this kind of thing either, as it's good for
exercising the grey matter - as long as it doesn't result in the "true LF
posts" (for want of a better term) being engulfed to an extent that those
who aren't interested in the puzzles find it difficult to extract the stuff
they want from a long list of emails. If everyone uses "puzzle" in the
subject line then the disinterested could set up a mail rule to delete them
accordingly.

Talking of mental exercise, I'm a sucker for punishment in more ways than
one: I'm currently trying to work out a way of getting more audio filtering
into my latest 136kHz regenerative receiver without increasing the number of
active devices (3 x BC550C transistors + 1 x OA91). This receiver is based
on a reflex architecture ("Spontaflex" circuit by Sir Douglas Hall) and
appeals to my "KISS" instincts. It has surprising sensitivity (<0.1uV CW
signal is easily readable in the absence of QRM/N) and very low supply
current (300uA) -  although at these currents we won't mention dynamic
range.... it hears things on 136kHz, which is what matters, although a
directional loop antenna is probably "de rigeur" to null out DCF39.
I think the only answer is going to be to add another BC550C configured as a
Sallen-Key bandpass filter (darn - another active device). Could configure
the audio output device as such, I suppose, but this would probably result
in too much loss of gain.

Ideas invited (but please don't suggest I go out and buy an AR7030 or
whatever, or add a DSP filter on the end - that would be missing the point!)

73, Kevin G1HDQ



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Date: Wed, 13 Nov 2002 10:55:06 +0100
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: "Dick Rollema" <d.w.rollema@freeler.nl>
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Subject: Re: LF: RX Frame Aerial for 136kc/s - still experimenting.....
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This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
--------------040802070505010706090306
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<html>
<font size=3><b>Jan_Martin and All,<br><br>
You could use your loop aerial, together with a selective level meter,
for field strength measurement on strong signals by using the coupling
loop on its own with the tuned loop open circuit. The voltage induced in
a loop is given by Terman , first edition, on page 813:<br>
<img src="cid:.0" width=627 height=126 alt="Loop.jpg"><br>
in which:<br>
epsilon = field strength, volts per meter<br>
N = number of turns in loop<br>
A = area of loop, square meters<br>
lambda = wave length, meters<br>
phi = angle with respect to loop<br><br>
Cos phi = 1 when loop is turned for maximum signal.<br><br>
At the low frequency concerned I don't expect that signal pick up from
the electric field by the unscreened loop will disturb the
measurement.<br>
To check this you could turn the loop 180 degrees. This reverses the
polarity of the magnetically induced voltage.<br>
If this produces a different reading then you could take the average of
the two readings.<br><br>
In the tuned loop, when open circuit, no current should flow that could
affect the magnetic field. In practice the loop is not completely open
circuit because of the distributed capacitance between the turns. But
hopefully this effect is not too disturbing. You could rig a duplicate
loop without the tuned winding to check this.<br><br>
I use a square untuned single turn loop of 1 square meter. It is made of
coax with the outer shield open at the point opposite the take off point.
On DCF39 (500km distant) it produces a voltage of 4.9 microvolt, easily
measured by the SPM-12. The impedance of the loop is so low that it makes
no difference whether the 75 ohm loading resistor at the input of the
SPM-12 is switched on or off.<br><br>
I expect that at your location you will obtain a suitable reading as
well.&nbsp; Do it during daytime, because after dark the sky wave may
wreck the measurement.<br>
Once you know the FS of DCF39 you could use that to calibrate your other
aerials.&nbsp; <br><br>
73, Dick, PA0SE<br>
JO22GD<br>
</b>&nbsp;<br>
At 12:16 12-11-02 +0100, you wrote:<br>
<blockquote type=cite class=cite cite>Hi<br><br>
still experimenting with frame antenna for 136kHz. The attached drawing
(20kB)<br>
shows almost how it would have been made today, somewhat different from
<br>
the actual antenna.<br><br>
Experienced that it was no need for amplifier for a loop for 80m
reception<br>
(used to avoid electrical noise from the open power lines), <br>
and now also experienced that an amplifier did not improve reception for
my <br>
136kHz aerial,<br>
the coupling has 1/100 area of the whole frame, seems to work for 50
ohm,<br>
the tuning range seems to be somewhat too small, need somewhat
increased<br>
capacitance in cold weather, but it is low enough for rain.<br><br>
The S/N ratio is almost the same with the coupling loop as for high
impedance<br>
amplifier connected to the end of capacitance.<br><br>
The aerial has been tested in +10°C....-2°C<br><br>
Signal strength last night for DCF39 was 80-150µV (-75...-80dBU)
<br><br>
Not sure if it is still a point to ground the center of the tuned
loop.<br><br>
73<br><br>
Jan_Martin<br>
LA8AK@online.no (WW.Loc: JO38XC)<br>
N4623-Kristiansand (tel.: +47-380-87178)<br>
<a href="http://www.laud.no/la6nca/la8ak/" eudora="autourl">http://www.laud.no/la6nca/la8ak/</a>
<br>
</font></blockquote></html>

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--------------040802070505010706090306--

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From: "Andy talbot" <g4jnt@thersgb.net>
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No, where is his article ?  I remember Bob Pease and many of his practical 
engineering tips made fascinating reading, but don't read EDN now.  Is he a 
Ham, or just an analogue person ?

>This one is a wizard party trick. Did you look up Bob Pease's explanation.
>Never guess in a zillion years.



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "g3ldo" <g3ldo@ukonline.co.uk>
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John said

>Fine!  I personally don't mind as I find them interesting - the question is
do the majority of the reflector users mind the scope of the reflector to
broaden to include such technical intrigues?  I must admit that it is better
than spam and helps to keep the brain going between M-Class flares and other
discussions more relevant to LF.... I'm happy to change the unwritten scope
for the reflector if we don't otherwise have any serious dissenters, so
(brief) comments please either way ...



I find them interesting and happy to see them as long as it is not overdone.
Much better than spam and infinitely better that the slanging that used to
be
a feature of this reflector.
Regards,
Peter, G3LDO

e-mail <g3ldo@ukonline.co.uk>

Web <http://web.ukonline.co.uk/g3ldo>

PS
The original last line of Ode to G3JKV by boffin scans better.






From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Mike Dennison" <mike.dennison@ntlworld.com>
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I must say it had not occurred to me that the puzzles were off topic, as
they seemed to be brain stretching exercises for the technically minded.
They don't interest me personally and they are the only messages I don't
archive here (which probably means my sub-conscious thought they were off
topic!).

It did, however, surprise me that in a weekend that saw more 136kHz contacts
at 1500km+ than ever before, and many 'firsts' and personal bests (thanks to
the excellent Russian expedition), together with more 73kHz stations than
ever before being copied in the USA, the reflector was dominated by academic
puzzles.

I would prefer to see clever chaps doing mental exercises than e-mails
complaining about things, so I say "live and let live". Andy himself once
commented in relation to activity reports that, provided a message is
clearly labelled in the subject line, it is easy to delete what you don't
want to read.


Mike, G3XDV
http://www.lf.thersgb.net
====================



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: Karl-Arne.A.Markstrom@telia.se
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Hello all,

I for sure have no objections against the posting of "puzzles" on the reflector.

The latest ones concerned DC circuit-theory and electrostatic problems,
which, in my opinion at least, well qualify them for posting on the LF list... :-)

73/

Karl-Arne
SM0AOM



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "John W Gould" <g3wkl@btinternet.com>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Date: Wed, 13 Nov 2002 08:40:05 -0000
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The reflector followed a manual e-mail, "snail" mail and packet exchange
that I operated, between those interested in experimenting on 73kHz.  That
is before 136kHz was authorised here in the UK.  As such it didn't have any
strict rules, except that it would be related to LF.

Given the broad user base that the reflector now has I'm quite prepared to
upload a general AUP for guidance to all on the purpose, scope and
etiquette - the question is whether we broaden the scope of the reflector as
I proposed, or leave it less well defined, but "weild a gavel" if off-topic
issues become too intrusive, as Steve Thompson suggested.  This in effect is
what I did earlier this week, but it did gather some backlash.

73 John, G3WKL


> -----Original Message-----
> From: owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
> [mailto:owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org]On Behalf Of Ashlock,William
> Sent: Wednesday, November 13, 2002 04:11
> To: 'rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org'
> Subject: LF: RE: RE: Puzzles
>
>
>
>
>  Hi Gary,
>
>  > I also find the puzzles interesting but I this is not what the LF
> reflector is meant to be used for.
>
> I'm not sure what the LF reflector is meant to be used for. Are there are
> some rules that I have failed to see posted?
>
>  > The future problem could be that in allowing this type of mail maybe
> other types of mail may be sent
> > therefore detracting from the whole purpose of the LF reflector.
>
> What is the purpose of the LF reflector? Maybe if there is no set of rules
> we could jointly agree on a set?
>
> Bill Ashlock
>
>
> _____________________________________________________________________
> This e-mail has been scanned for viruses by the WorldCom Internet
> Managed Scanning Service - powered by MessageLabs. For further
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>
>



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From: "Ashlock,William" <William.Ashlock@edwards.boc.com>
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 Hi Gary,
 
 > I also find the puzzles interesting but I this is not what the LF
reflector is meant to be used for. 
 
I'm not sure what the LF reflector is meant to be used for. Are there are
some rules that I have failed to see posted?
 
 > The future problem could be that in allowing this type of mail maybe
other types of mail may be sent  
> therefore detracting from the whole purpose of the LF reflector. 
 
What is the purpose of the LF reflector? Maybe if there is no set of rules
we could jointly agree on a set?
 
Bill Ashlock


_____________________________________________________________________
This e-mail has been scanned for viruses by the WorldCom Internet Managed Scanning Service - powered by MessageLabs. For further information visit http://www.worldcom.com


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "WE0H" <we0h@core.com>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Date: Tue, 12 Nov 2002 22:29:30 -0600
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How about we all share our LF radio electronics experiences on the reflector
and be happy??? Some things will be right to the point and other things will
be slightly off topic, but the point is, we are not talking about cars and
motorcycles are we??? It is radio electronics and the other things that have
to do with radio electronics.
73's,
Mike>WE0H
http://www.we0h.us/lf.html

-----Original Message-----
From: owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
[mailto:owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org]On Behalf Of Ashlock,William
Sent: Tuesday, November 12, 2002 10:11 PM
To: 'rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org'
Subject: LF: RE: RE: Puzzles



 Hi Gary,

 > I also find the puzzles interesting but I this is not what the LF
reflector is meant to be used for.

I'm not sure what the LF reflector is meant to be used for. Are there are
some rules that I have failed to see posted?

 > The future problem could be that in allowing this type of mail maybe
other types of mail may be sent
> therefore detracting from the whole purpose of the LF reflector.

What is the purpose of the LF reflector? Maybe if there is no set of rules
we could jointly agree on a set?

Bill Ashlock


_____________________________________________________________________
This e-mail has been scanned for viruses by the WorldCom Internet Managed
Scanning Service - powered by MessageLabs. For further information visit
http://www.worldcom.com


_____________________________________________________
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References: <001201c28a43$90d64a80$0504210a@c.scope> <2D280BB697C7EE4C979C5C89925418EF368F80@TNS-FBU-2E-003.corp.telenor.no>
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Subject: Re: LF: Re: RX Frame Aerial for 136kc/s - still  experimenting.....
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LF Group,

I think Jim has it pretty much right.  I would add the point that the 
ground and shielding will not improve the signal strength much if at 
all.  What it can do is improve the depth of the rejection off the nulls 
off of each end.  The ability to turn and tilt the loop receiving antenna 
to reject a noise can be useful and may be the most important property of a 
receiving loop over an e-field probe.  The depth of that null can become 
important.

This aspect can be tested by observing the amount of rejection of a strong 
station comparing the strongest level and weakest level.  The null point 
will become sharp and require fine adjustments in both azimuth and tilt to 
achieve the deepest null.

A poorly shielded and balanced loop will have shallow nulls.  I expect at 
least 60 dB nulls.

Frank K0BRA

At 02:24 PM 11/12/02 +0000, you wrote:
>Dear Jan-Martin, LF Group,
>
>At 12:03 12/11/2002 +0000, you wrote:
>>Signal strength last night for DCF39 was 80-150µV (-75...-80dBU)
>
>At your distance, the field strength of DCF39 should be roughly +60 dBuV/m 
>- so if under quiet band conditions the band noise is around 0dBuV/m in a 
>bandwidth of a few hundred Hz, the receiver will have to have a noise 
>level below about -135 or -140dBu to achieve optimum sensitivity. So you 
>might need a preamp!
>
>>Not sure if it is still a point to ground the center of the tuned loop.
>
>
>I have used several loops here for LF reception, and have never found any 
>advantage in grounding the loop centre tap, allthough in theory it ought 
>to improve rejection of E-field signals. That might just be because of the 
>nature of the QRM at my location, though. I have to say I am skeptical 
>about the idea of E-field rejection being an important benefit in reducing 
>noise pick up at LF. In fact, I find a small, screened, LF loop to be 
>quite a good mains cable detector. The big advantage of a small loop RX 
>antenna over TX type antennas is that is easy to move the loop around 
>until you find a position where the noise level is low - but you can do 
>the same thing with a whip antenna. The other benefit of the loop is the 
>directional nulls, of course.
>
>Cheers, Jim Moritz
>73 de M0BMU
>

Frank Gentges KØBRA
<fgentges@mindspring.com>
LF web site at <http://www.amrad.org/projects/lf>



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<p class=MsoNormal><span class=EmailStyle17><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'>There fine
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<p class=MsoNormal><span class=EmailStyle17><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span
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12.0pt;font-family:Arial'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span 
style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</span>AUTOTEXTLIST \s &quot;E-mail 
Signature&quot; <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span></font></span><![endif]--><font
color=navy><span style='color:navy'>Mike&gt;WE0H</span></font><font color=navy><span
style='color:navy;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoAutoSig><font size=3 color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:navy'><a href="http://www.we0h.us/lf.html">http://www.we0h.us/lf.html</a></span></font><font
color=navy><span style='color:navy;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><!--[if supportFields]><span class=EmailStyle17><font 
size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span></font></span><![endif]--><span
class=EmailStyle17><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'><![if !supportEmptyParas]>&nbsp;<![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=2 color=black
face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black'>-----Original
Message-----<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>From:</span></b>
owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org [mailto:owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org]<b><span
style='font-weight:bold'>On Behalf Of </span></b>John W Gould<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Tuesday, November 12, 2002
1:02 PM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> LF: Puzzles</span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]>&nbsp;<![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=2 color=blue face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:blue'>Fine!&nbsp; I personally
don't mind as I find them interesting - the question is do the majority of the
reflector users mind the scope of the reflector to broaden to include such
technical intrigues?&nbsp; I must admit that it is better than spam and helps
to keep the brain going between M-Class flares and other&nbsp;discussions more
relevant to LF.... I'm happy to change the unwritten scope&nbsp;for the
reflector if&nbsp;we don't otherwise have any serious dissenters, so (brief)
comments please either way ...</span></font><font color=black><span
style='color:black;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=3 color=black
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>&nbsp;</span></font><font
color=black><span style='color:black;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=2 color=blue face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:blue'>73 John, G3WKL</span></font><font
color=black><span style='color:black'>&nbsp;</span></font><font color=black><span
style='color:black;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<div style='border:none;border-left:solid blue 1.5pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 4.0pt'>

<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt;
margin-left:39.75pt;border:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid blue 1.5pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:0in 0in 0in 4.0pt'><font size=2 color=black
face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black'>-----Original
Message-----<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>From:</span></b>
owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org [mailto:owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org]<b><span
style='font-weight:bold'>On Behalf Of </span></b>Andy talbot<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Tuesday, November 12, 2002
18:34<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Cc:</span></b> ME Work<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> LF: Re: Tuesday's riddle</span></font><font
color=black><span style='color:black;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:39.75pt;border:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid blue 1.5pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:0in 0in 0in 4.0pt'><font size=2 color=black
face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>Right,
done it.&nbsp;&nbsp; Now that's very interesting !!!!!!</span></font><font
color=black><span style='color:black;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:39.75pt;border:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid blue 1.5pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:0in 0in 0in 4.0pt'><font size=3 color=black
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>&nbsp;</span></font><font
color=black><span style='color:black;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:39.75pt;border:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid blue 1.5pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:0in 0in 0in 4.0pt'><font size=2 color=black
face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>Exactly
as you specified, even down to the same 2N2222 device.&nbsp;The B-E junction
breaks down at 7.56V,&nbsp;&nbsp; ie. Vbe = (minus) -7.56V&nbsp; With a DVM,
10M input resistance, Vcb = (plus) +0.35V&nbsp;&nbsp; almost as if it is acting
as a voltage inverter, no wonder you ripped the can apart.&nbsp; That shouldn't
be, BUT...</span></font><font color=black><span style='color:black;mso-color-alt:
windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:39.75pt;border:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid blue 1.5pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:0in 0in 0in 4.0pt'><font size=3 color=black
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>&nbsp;</span></font><font
color=black><span style='color:black;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:39.75pt;border:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid blue 1.5pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:0in 0in 0in 4.0pt'><font size=2 color=black
face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>The
tunnelling (or whatever the current carriers do in a zener) are probably
wizzing across the B-E junction&nbsp;and hitting the C-B junction,&nbsp;then
overshooting and slowing down or something, so generating a voltage.&nbsp; Just
inspired guessing.&nbsp; Any solid state physicists out there
?....&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></font><font color=black><span style='color:
black;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:39.75pt;border:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid blue 1.5pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:0in 0in 0in 4.0pt'><font size=3 color=black
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>&nbsp;</span></font><font
color=black><span style='color:black;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:39.75pt;border:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid blue 1.5pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:0in 0in 0in 4.0pt'><font size=2 color=black
face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>How can
anyone want puzles like this removed from the reflector John ?</span></font><font
color=black><span style='color:black;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:39.75pt;border:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid blue 1.5pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:0in 0in 0in 4.0pt'><font size=3 color=black
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>&nbsp;</span></font><font
color=black><span style='color:black;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:39.75pt;border:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid blue 1.5pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:0in 0in 0in 4.0pt'><font size=2 color=black
face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>Andy&nbsp;
G4JNT</span></font><font color=black><span style='color:black;mso-color-alt:
windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:39.75pt;border:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid blue 1.5pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:0in 0in 0in 4.0pt'><font size=3 color=black
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>&nbsp;</span></font><font
color=black><span style='color:black;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

</div>

<div style='border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 4.0pt'>

<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:43.5pt;border:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid black 1.5pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:0in 0in 0in 4.0pt'><font size=2 color=black
face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>&nbsp;</span></font><font
size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:43.5pt;border:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid black 1.5pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:0in 0in 0in 4.0pt'><font size=2 color=black
face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>&nbsp;</span></font><font
size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:43.5pt;border:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid black 1.5pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:0in 0in 0in 4.0pt'><font size=2 color=black
face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>-----
Original Message ----- </span></font><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:43.5pt;background:#E4E4E4;border:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid black 1.5pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:0in 0in 0in 4.0pt'><b><font size=2 color=black
face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black;
font-weight:bold'>

<div style='font-color:black'>From:</span></font></b><font size=2 color=black
face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'> <a
href="mailto:MarkusVester@aol.com" title="MarkusVester@aol.com">MarkusVester@aol.com</a>
</span></font></div>

<font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
Arial;color:black;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:43.5pt;border:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid black 1.5pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:0in 0in 0in 4.0pt'><b><font size=2 color=black
face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black;
font-weight:bold'>To:</span></font></b><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'> <a
href="mailto:rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org" title="rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org">rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org</a>
</span></font><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial;color:black;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:43.5pt;border:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid black 1.5pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:0in 0in 0in 4.0pt'><b><font size=2 color=black
face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black;
font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></font></b><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'> Monday, November 11,
2002 7:58 PM</span></font><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:43.5pt;border:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid black 1.5pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:0in 0in 0in 4.0pt'><b><font size=2 color=black
face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black;
font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></font></b><font size=2 color=black
face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'> LF:
Tuesday's riddle</span></font><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:43.5pt;border:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid black 1.5pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:0in 0in 0in 4.0pt'><font size=3 color=black
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'><![if !supportEmptyParas]>&nbsp;<![endif]></span></font><font
color=black><span style='color:black;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:43.5pt;border:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid black 1.5pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:0in 0in 0in 4.0pt'><font size=2 color=black
face=Arial FAMILY=SANSSERIF><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black'>Hi group,<br>
<br>
this little experiment was pointed out to me by Ralph, DL2NDO a few years ago:<br>
<br>
You need an ordinary NPN transistor (eg. 2N2222), a 9V battery, a 1k resistor
and a voltmeter. Connect the negative battery terminal to the base and the
positive to the emitter, via the resistor. Now predict the voltage drop between
collector and base. Can't be too hard...<br>
<br>
Then measure it - you'll be surprised. Any explanations? We finally ended up
opening the poor transistor's case.<br>
<br>
Have fun<br>
Markus, DF6NM</span></font><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

</div>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=1 color=black
face=Verdana><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black'>&nbsp;</span></font><font
color=black><span style='color:black'> </span></font><font color=black><span
style='color:black;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>


<div class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-left:.5in;text-align:center'><font
size=1 color=black face=Verdana><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:Verdana;
color:black'>

<hr size=1 width=343 style='width:257.25pt' align=center>

</span></font></div>


<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=1 color=black
face=Verdana><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black'>This
message scanned for viruses by <a href="http://www.core.com/">Corecomm</a> </span></font><font
color=black><span style='color:black;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

</div>

</body>

</html>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Steve Thompson" <steve@eltac.co.uk>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
References: <LOBBIDNOENMNHIBGDCKBCELLDDAA.g3wkl@btinternet.com>
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----- Original Message -----
From: John W Gould <g3wkl@btinternet.com>
To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: 12 November 2002 19:02
Subject: LF: Puzzles


> Fine!  I personally don't mind as I find them interesting - the question
is
> do the majority of the reflector users mind the scope of the reflector to
> broaden to include such technical intrigues?  I must admit that it is
better
> than spam and helps to keep the brain going between M-Class flares and
other
> discussions more relevant to LF.... I'm happy to change the unwritten
scope
> for the reflector if we don't otherwise have any serious dissenters, so
> (brief) comments please either way ...
>
> 73 John, G3WKL
Why not see if it becomes a problem and wield a gavel if necessary? I
subscribe to a number of discussion roups, and this one stands out for the
quality of contributions I see. Anything that makes me think, or teaches (or
reminds me) of technical issues is of interest.

Steve



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Message-ID: <000b01c28a93$46645000$fe037ad5@main>
From: "Alan Melia" <Alan.Melia@btinternet.com>
To: "LF-Group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Date: Tue, 12 Nov 2002 21:34:20 -0000
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Hi Andy ,you are obviously not of follower of the much revered (amongst
analogue guys anyway) Bob Pease, who wrote in EDN (...or was it Electronic
Design.)
I must get round to buying his books, if Amazon are not out of stock by now.

Cheers de Alan G3NYK
alan.melia@btinternet.com




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From: "G4WGT" <g4wgt@talkgas.net>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Date: Tue, 12 Nov 2002 21:25:43 -0000
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<DIV><SPAN class=754471721-12112002>Hi all,</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=754471721-12112002></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=754471721-12112002>I also find the puzzles interesting but 
I&nbsp;this is not what the <U>LF reflector</U> is meant to be used 
for.</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=754471721-12112002></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=754471721-12112002>The future problem could be that in allowing 
this type of mail maybe other types of mail may be sent therefore detracting 
from the whole purpose of the <U>LF reflector.</U></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=754471721-12112002><U></U></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=754471721-12112002>73</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=754471721-12112002>Gary&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
G4WGT.</SPAN></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
  <DIV class=OutlookMessageHeader dir=ltr align=left><FONT face=Tahoma 
  size=2>-----Original Message-----<BR><B>From:</B> 
  owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org 
  [mailto:owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org]<B>On Behalf Of </B>John W 
  Gould<BR><B>Sent:</B> 12 November 2002 19:02<BR><B>To:</B> 
  rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org<BR><B>Subject:</B> LF: 
  Puzzles<BR><BR></FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><SPAN class=890194818-12112002><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff 
  size=2>Fine!&nbsp; I personally don't mind as I find them interesting - the 
  question is do the majority of the reflector users mind the scope of the 
  reflector to broaden to include such technical intrigues?&nbsp; I must admit 
  that it is better than spam and helps to keep the brain going between M-Class 
  flares and other&nbsp;discussions more relevant to LF.... I'm happy to change 
  the unwritten scope&nbsp;for the reflector if&nbsp;we don't otherwise have any 
  serious dissenters, so (brief) comments please either way 
  ...</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
  <DIV><SPAN class=890194818-12112002></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
  <DIV><SPAN class=890194818-12112002><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff size=2>73 
  John, G3WKL</FONT>&nbsp;</SPAN></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></BODY></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Tue, 12 Nov 2002 21:06:09 +0000
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: "J. Alan Lowe" <alan@jalowe.demon.co.uk>
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In message <200211121527_MC3-1-1A37-E70F@compuserve.com>, boffin1
<boffin1@compuserve.com> writes
>I  regret that I doubled the R
>-The worst crime committed so far,
>But, at eighty my finger,
>On the keyboard may linger
>And double the true singulaarr.
>
>
May I suggest an extra syllable for the last line, to read:
"And thereby double the singulaarr"

Alan, G3XZX 



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I  regret that I doubled the R
-The worst crime committed so far,
But, at eighty my finger,
On the keyboard may linger
And double the true singulaarr.


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Message-ID: <006201c28a77$c6f0b400$045bfea9@RSGB613192>
From: "Andy talbot" <G4JNT@THERSGB.NET>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
References: <LOBBIDNOENMNHIBGDCKBGEKPDDAA.g3wkl@btinternet.com>
Date: Tue, 12 Nov 2002 18:16:35 -0000
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Has anyone complained ? The first one certainly created enough interest,
even led to a few ideas for loop resonating.

>You need an ordinary NPN transistor (eg. 2N2222), a 9V battery, a 1k
resistor and a voltmeter. Connect the

Instinct says the reverse biassed B-E junction is verging on breakdown -
zener action.  The B-C junction should have very low reverse leakage.  So we
should be looking at perhaps a very slight reading on a DVM with 10 Meg
input R or higher, nothing on an ancient analogue meter.

Just off to try it, bet I'll be surprised............

Andy  G4JNT


----- Original Message -----
From: John W Gould <g3wkl@btinternet.com>
To: Rsgb_Lf_Group@Blacksheep.Org <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: Monday, November 11, 2002 8:15 PM
Subject: LF: Etiquette: Off-subject


> Whilst I don't like to intervene, for the sake of those who don't enjoy
> electronic puzzles could we bring this recent set of threads to a close
when
> the latest puzzle has extracted suitable comment?  Thence restrict the
> puzzles on the reflector to those that relate directly to LF ....
>
> 73
>
> John, G3WKL
>
> ps. Well done to John, Laurie and Peter on the 73kHz T/A
>
>
>
>



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "John W Gould" <g3wkl@btinternet.com>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Date: Tue, 12 Nov 2002 19:02:07 -0000
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<DIV><SPAN class=890194818-12112002><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff 
size=2>Fine!&nbsp; I personally don't mind as I find them interesting - the 
question is do the majority of the reflector users mind the scope of the 
reflector to broaden to include such technical intrigues?&nbsp; I must admit 
that it is better than spam and helps to keep the brain going between M-Class 
flares and other&nbsp;discussions more relevant to LF.... I'm happy to change 
the unwritten scope&nbsp;for the reflector if&nbsp;we don't otherwise have any 
serious dissenters, so (brief) comments please either way 
...</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=890194818-12112002></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=890194818-12112002><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff size=2>73 
John, G3WKL</FONT>&nbsp;</SPAN></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=ltr 
style="PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
  <DIV class=OutlookMessageHeader dir=ltr align=left><FONT face=Tahoma 
  size=2>-----Original Message-----<BR><B>From:</B> 
  owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org 
  [mailto:owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org]<B>On Behalf Of </B>Andy 
  talbot<BR><B>Sent:</B> Tuesday, November 12, 2002 18:34<BR><B>To:</B> 
  rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org<BR><B>Cc:</B> ME Work<BR><B>Subject:</B> LF: Re: 
  Tuesday's riddle<BR><BR></FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Right, done it.&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT><FONT 
  face=Arial size=2>Now that's very interesting !!!!!!</FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Exactly as you specified, even down to the same 
  2N2222 device.&nbsp;The B-E junction breaks down at 7.56V,&nbsp;&nbsp; ie. Vbe 
  = (minus) -7.56V&nbsp; With a DVM, 10M input resistance, Vcb = (plus) 
  +0.35V&nbsp;&nbsp; almost as if it is acting as a voltage inverter, no wonder 
  you ripped the can apart.&nbsp; That shouldn't be, BUT...</FONT></DIV>
  <DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>The tunnelling (or whatever the current carriers 
  do in a zener) are probably wizzing across the B-E junction&nbsp;and hitting 
  the C-B junction,&nbsp;then overshooting and slowing down or something, so 
  generating a voltage.&nbsp; Just inspired guessing.&nbsp; Any solid state 
  physicists out there ?....&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></DIV>
  <DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>How can anyone want puzles like this removed from 
  the reflector John ?</FONT></DIV>
  <DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Andy&nbsp; G4JNT</FONT></DIV>
  <DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
  <BLOCKQUOTE 
  style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
    <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">&nbsp;</DIV>
    <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">&nbsp;</DIV>
    <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message ----- </DIV>
    <DIV 
    style="BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; FONT: 10pt arial; font-color: black"><B>From:</B> 
    <A title=MarkusVester@aol.com 
    href="mailto:MarkusVester@aol.com">MarkusVester@aol.com</A> </DIV>
    <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B> <A 
    title=rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org 
    href="mailto:rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org">rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org</A> 
    </DIV>
    <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B> Monday, November 11, 2002 7:58 
    PM</DIV>
    <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B> LF: Tuesday's riddle</DIV>
    <DIV><BR></DIV><FONT face=arial,helvetica><FONT lang=2 face=Arial size=2 
    FAMILY="SANSSERIF">Hi group,<BR><BR>this little experiment was pointed out 
    to me by Ralph, DL2NDO a few years ago:<BR><BR>You need an ordinary NPN 
    transistor (eg. 2N2222), a 9V battery, a 1k resistor and a voltmeter. 
    Connect the negative battery terminal to the base and the positive to the 
    emitter, via the resistor. Now predict the voltage drop between collector 
    and base. Can't be too hard...<BR><BR>Then measure it - you'll be surprised. 
    Any explanations? We finally ended up opening the poor transistor's 
    case.<BR><BR>Have fun<BR>Markus, 
DF6NM<BR></BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE></FONT></FONT></BODY></HTML>

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From: "Andy talbot" <G4JNT@THERSGB.NET>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Cc: "ME Work" <ACTALBOT@DSTL.GOV.UK>
References: <19c.bc77907.2b016601@aol.com>
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<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Right, done it.&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT><FONT face=Arial 
size=2>Now that's very interesting !!!!!!</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Exactly as you specified, even down to the same 
2N2222 device.&nbsp;The B-E junction breaks down at 7.56V,&nbsp;&nbsp; ie. Vbe = 
(minus) -7.56V&nbsp; With a DVM, 10M input resistance, Vcb = (plus) 
+0.35V&nbsp;&nbsp; almost as if it is acting as a voltage inverter, no wonder 
you ripped the can apart.&nbsp; That shouldn't be, BUT...</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>The tunnelling (or whatever the current carriers do 
in a zener) are probably wizzing across the B-E junction&nbsp;and hitting the 
C-B junction,&nbsp;then overshooting and slowing down or something, so 
generating a voltage.&nbsp; Just inspired guessing.&nbsp; Any solid state 
physicists out there ?....&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>How can anyone want puzles like this removed from 
the reflector John ?</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Andy&nbsp; G4JNT</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE 
style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px">
  <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">&nbsp;</DIV>
  <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">&nbsp;</DIV>
  <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message ----- </DIV>
  <DIV 
  style="BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; FONT: 10pt arial; font-color: black"><B>From:</B> 
  <A href="mailto:MarkusVester@aol.com" 
  title=MarkusVester@aol.com>MarkusVester@aol.com</A> </DIV>
  <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B> <A 
  href="mailto:rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org" 
  title=rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org</A> </DIV>
  <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B> Monday, November 11, 2002 7:58 
  PM</DIV>
  <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B> LF: Tuesday's riddle</DIV>
  <DIV><BR></DIV><FONT face=arial,helvetica><FONT face=Arial lang=2 size=2 
  FAMILY="SANSSERIF">Hi group,<BR><BR>this little experiment was pointed out to 
  me by Ralph, DL2NDO a few years ago:<BR><BR>You need an ordinary NPN 
  transistor (eg. 2N2222), a 9V battery, a 1k resistor and a voltmeter. Connect 
  the negative battery terminal to the base and the positive to the emitter, via 
  the resistor. Now predict the voltage drop between collector and base. Can't 
  be too hard...<BR><BR>Then measure it - you'll be surprised. Any explanations? 
  We finally ended up opening the poor transistor's case.<BR><BR>Have 
  fun<BR>Markus, DF6NM<BR></BLOCKQUOTE></FONT></FONT></BODY></HTML>

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The centertap for varicap reference is seen connected to coax cable ground, so it does work
but I am not certain if it is a point to use actual ground for the frame, it is grounded in 
the shack via the RG59 cable, and this is put some times through a high-µ ferrit core, so
AC-wise it is not much ground, but DC-wise is OK (not sure if anything in the shack is ground)

73
Jan-Martin

-----Opprinnelig melding-----
Fra: Johan Bodin [mailto:sm6lkm.jbeab@swipnet.se]
Sendt: 12. november 2002 16:30
Til: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Emne: LF: Re: RX Frame Aerial for 136kc/s - still experimenting.....


LA8AK wrote:

> Not sure if it is still a point to ground the center of the tuned loop.

There is no hi-z amplifier on the tuned loop that can suffer from common
mode hum but you still need a low impedance DC path to GND for the
varicap bias, otherwise the ever-present 50Hz hum would wobble the
tuning with disastrous results.

73
Johan SM6LKM





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LA8AK wrote:

> Not sure if it is still a point to ground the center of the tuned loop.

There is no hi-z amplifier on the tuned loop that can suffer from common
mode hum but you still need a low impedance DC path to GND for the
varicap bias, otherwise the ever-present 50Hz hum would wobble the
tuning with disastrous results.

73
Johan SM6LKM




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James,

so I have some clue to try the formulas in Electronics World article 8/2002...., 
and tnx fer your thoughts about screening and grounding. 
You don't need a complete screen, a wire screen should work. Believe a french
named 'Rouse' made some work on this.

But, with 80Hz bandwidth (Siemens D2006 Level meter) or using my FT-902 
(500kHz BW) with 74HC4066 converter 
the background noise peaks considerably on the S-meter when antenna is tuned to
resonnance. The antenna-tuning is pretty sharp and you'll note when it 
is on the side of resonnance. So I really doubt that a pre-amplifier could 
improve as long as the background noise level is so high, and I live in a
suburban area, don't believe it is so much man made noise there.

Discovered that when Siemens D2006 was modified, I would have been able to use it
for CW reception on 17.2kHz for SAQ using 80Hz BW filter. 
The noise level would have been improved by 30dB instead of using 3.1kHz bandwidth, 
but it is a lot of noise from different local sources down there, particularly
around 18kHz

I used an active antenna with 1m rod and the signal to noise was 6dB, inspite that
the signal was 1mV! hi

73
Jan-Martin
LA8AK
-----Opprinnelig melding-----
Fra: James Moritz [mailto:j.r.moritz@herts.ac.uk]
Sendt: 12. november 2002 15:24
Til: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Emne: LF: Re: RX Frame Aerial for 136kc/s - still experimenting.....


Dear Jan-Martin, LF Group,

At 12:03 12/11/2002 +0000, you wrote:
>Signal strength last night for DCF39 was 80-150µV (-75...-80dBU)

At your distance, the field strength of DCF39 should be roughly +60 dBuV/m 
- so if under quiet band conditions the band noise is around 0dBuV/m in a 
bandwidth of a few hundred Hz, the receiver will have to have a noise level 
below about -135 or -140dBu to achieve optimum sensitivity. So you might 
need a preamp!

>Not sure if it is still a point to ground the center of the tuned loop.


I have used several loops here for LF reception, and have never found any 
advantage in grounding the loop centre tap, allthough in theory it ought to 
improve rejection of E-field signals. That might just be because of the 
nature of the QRM at my location, though. I have to say I am skeptical 
about the idea of E-field rejection being an important benefit in reducing 
noise pick up at LF. In fact, I find a small, screened, LF loop to be quite 
a good mains cable detector. The big advantage of a small loop RX antenna 
over TX type antennas is that is easy to move the loop around until you 
find a position where the noise level is low - but you can do the same 
thing with a whip antenna. The other benefit of the loop is the directional 
nulls, of course.

Cheers, Jim Moritz
73 de M0BMU




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Subject: LF: Re: RX Frame Aerial for 136kc/s - still experimenting.....
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Dear Jan-Martin, LF Group,

At 12:03 12/11/2002 +0000, you wrote:
>Signal strength last night for DCF39 was 80-150µV (-75...-80dBU)

At your distance, the field strength of DCF39 should be roughly +60 dBuV/m 
- so if under quiet band conditions the band noise is around 0dBuV/m in a 
bandwidth of a few hundred Hz, the receiver will have to have a noise level 
below about -135 or -140dBu to achieve optimum sensitivity. So you might 
need a preamp!

>Not sure if it is still a point to ground the center of the tuned loop.


I have used several loops here for LF reception, and have never found any 
advantage in grounding the loop centre tap, allthough in theory it ought to 
improve rejection of E-field signals. That might just be because of the 
nature of the QRM at my location, though. I have to say I am skeptical 
about the idea of E-field rejection being an important benefit in reducing 
noise pick up at LF. In fact, I find a small, screened, LF loop to be quite 
a good mains cable detector. The big advantage of a small loop RX antenna 
over TX type antennas is that is easy to move the loop around until you 
find a position where the noise level is low - but you can do the same 
thing with a whip antenna. The other benefit of the loop is the directional 
nulls, of course.

Cheers, Jim Moritz
73 de M0BMU



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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jan-martin.noding@telenor.com schrieb:
> Hi
>
> still experimenting with frame antenna for 136kHz. The attached drawing (20kB)
> shows almost how it would have been made today, somewhat different from 
> the actual antenna.
>
> Experienced that it was no need for amplifier for a loop for 80m reception
> (used to avoid electrical noise from the open power lines), 
> and now also experienced that an amplifier did not improve reception for my 
> 136kHz aerial,
> the coupling has 1/100 area of the whole frame, seems to work for 50 ohm,
> the tuning range seems to be somewhat too small, need somewhat increased
> capacitance in cold weather, but it is low enough for rain.
>
> The S/N ratio is almost the same with the coupling loop as for high impedance
> amplifier connected to the end of capacitance.
>
> The aerial has been tested in +10°C....-2°C
>
> Signal strength last night for DCF39 was 80-150µV (-75...-80dBU) 
>
> Not sure if it is still a point to ground the center of the tuned loop.
>
> 73
>
> Jan_Martin
> LA8AK@online.no (WW.Loc: JO38XC)
> N4623-Kristiansand (tel.: +47-380-87178)
> http://www.laud.no/la6nca/la8ak/ 
>
Hi Jan-Martin,

I have experimented with the BB130 tuning my loop (70m long, 12m high 
and 2m above ground with two windings). did receive signs from mf band 
(BC) nothing else. every thing was ok after changing the BB130 by remotely
tuned variable capacitor.

regards
Uwe/dj8wx



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Thread-Topic: Re: RX Frame Aerial for 136kc/s - still experimenting.....
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From: jan-martin.noding@telenor.com
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
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Subject: LF: SV: Re: RX Frame Aerial for 136kc/s - still experimenting.....
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The main loop is 26turns 1x1m - it is still square, Q=150, tuning capacitance 550pF,
the coupling loop is 50x50cm

73
Jan-Martin
LA8AK

-----Opprinnelig melding-----
Fra: g6tmk [mailto:g6tmk@thersgb.net]
Sendt: 12. november 2002 13:04

Hello Jan-Martin,
How big is your frame antenna ?
73
Hugh M0WYE

----- Original Message -----
From: <jan-martin.noding@telenor.com>
To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: Tuesday, November 12, 2002 11:16 AM
Subject: LF: RX Frame Aerial for 136kc/s - still experimenting.....


Hi

still experimenting with frame antenna for 136kHz. The attached drawing
(20kB)
shows almost how it would have been made today, somewhat different from
the actual antenna.

Experienced that it was no need for amplifier for a loop for 80m reception
(used to avoid electrical noise from the open power lines),
and now also experienced that an amplifier did not improve reception for my
136kHz aerial,
the coupling has 1/100 area of the whole frame, seems to work for 50 ohm,
the tuning range seems to be somewhat too small, need somewhat increased
capacitance in cold weather, but it is low enough for rain.

The S/N ratio is almost the same with the coupling loop as for high
impedance
amplifier connected to the end of capacitance.

The aerial has been tested in +10°C....-2°C

Signal strength last night for DCF39 was 80-150µV (-75...-80dBU)

Not sure if it is still a point to ground the center of the tuned loop.

73

Jan_Martin
LA8AK@online.no (WW.Loc: JO38XC)
N4623-Kristiansand (tel.: +47-380-87178)
http://www.laud.no/la6nca/la8ak/






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Hello Jan-Martin,
How big is your frame antenna ?
73
Hugh M0WYE

----- Original Message -----
From: <jan-martin.noding@telenor.com>
To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: Tuesday, November 12, 2002 11:16 AM
Subject: LF: RX Frame Aerial for 136kc/s - still experimenting.....


Hi

still experimenting with frame antenna for 136kHz. The attached drawing
(20kB)
shows almost how it would have been made today, somewhat different from
the actual antenna.

Experienced that it was no need for amplifier for a loop for 80m reception
(used to avoid electrical noise from the open power lines),
and now also experienced that an amplifier did not improve reception for my
136kHz aerial,
the coupling has 1/100 area of the whole frame, seems to work for 50 ohm,
the tuning range seems to be somewhat too small, need somewhat increased
capacitance in cold weather, but it is low enough for rain.

The S/N ratio is almost the same with the coupling loop as for high
impedance
amplifier connected to the end of capacitance.

The aerial has been tested in +10°C....-2°C

Signal strength last night for DCF39 was 80-150µV (-75...-80dBU)

Not sure if it is still a point to ground the center of the tuned loop.

73

Jan_Martin
LA8AK@online.no (WW.Loc: JO38XC)
N4623-Kristiansand (tel.: +47-380-87178)
http://www.laud.no/la6nca/la8ak/






From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Hi

still experimenting with frame antenna for 136kHz. The attached drawing (20kB)
shows almost how it would have been made today, somewhat different from 
the actual antenna.

Experienced that it was no need for amplifier for a loop for 80m reception
(used to avoid electrical noise from the open power lines), 
and now also experienced that an amplifier did not improve reception for my 
136kHz aerial,
the coupling has 1/100 area of the whole frame, seems to work for 50 ohm,
the tuning range seems to be somewhat too small, need somewhat increased
capacitance in cold weather, but it is low enough for rain.

The S/N ratio is almost the same with the coupling loop as for high impedance
amplifier connected to the end of capacitance.

The aerial has been tested in +10°C....-2°C

Signal strength last night for DCF39 was 80-150µV (-75...-80dBU) 

Not sure if it is still a point to ground the center of the tuned loop.

73

Jan_Martin
LA8AK@online.no (WW.Loc: JO38XC)
N4623-Kristiansand (tel.: +47-380-87178)
http://www.laud.no/la6nca/la8ak/ 

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--------------010600060407040501010600--

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "WE0H" <we0h@core.com>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Date: Mon, 11 Nov 2002 16:43:02 -0600
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Subject: RE: LF: Question on building homebrew variable caps...
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166.5kc. Bill Ashlock told me that the variable cap is a small part of the
total capacitance so there will be only a bit over 1/2a in the variable cap.
I do need to have a voltage rating of 2.5kv. This is for a 400w transmitter
and a big transmit loop for a Part-5 experimental station.

Mike>WE0H
http://www.we0h.us/lf.html

-----Original Message-----
From: owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
[mailto:owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org]On Behalf Of James Moritz
Sent: Monday, November 11, 2002 4:31 AM
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: Re: LF: Question on building homebrew variable caps...

At 21:28 10/11/2002 -0600, you wrote:
>I would like to know if anyone has built variable capacitors for
>transmitters or tuners. I would like to build a variable capacitor that is
>at least 100pf and can handle 40 amps of RF current. Does anyone have any
>ideas or links to some articles???
>Thanks es 73's,
>Mike>WE0H
>http://www.we0h.us/lf.html

Dear Mike, LF group,

What frequency is it for? Surely not LF - at 185kHz, the voltage rating
might be a problem - about 340kV with 40A!

Cheers, Jim Moritz
73 de M0BMU



_____________________________________________________
This message scanned for viruses by CoreComm




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<HTML><FONT FACE=arial,helvetica><FONT  SIZE=2 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="2">Hi group,<BR>
<BR>
this little experiment was pointed out to me by Ralph, DL2NDO a few years ago:<BR>
<BR>
You need an ordinary NPN transistor (eg. 2N2222), a 9V battery, a 1k resistor and a voltmeter. Connect the negative battery terminal to the base and the positive to the emitter, via the resistor. Now predict the voltage drop between collector and base. Can't be too hard...<BR>
<BR>
Then measure it - you'll be surprised. Any explanations? We finally ended up opening the poor transistor's case.<BR>
<BR>
Have fun<BR>
Markus, DF6NM<BR>
</FONT></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Whilst I don't like to intervene, for the sake of those who don't enjoy
electronic puzzles could we bring this recent set of threads to a close when
the latest puzzle has extracted suitable comment?  Thence restrict the
puzzles on the reflector to those that relate directly to LF ....

73

John, G3WKL

ps. Well done to John, Laurie and Peter on the 73kHz T/A




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Andy talbot wrote:

>[...]
>Congrats Hugh, you worked it out - use a thermometer, and to be really 
>scientific measure the temperature when shorted, and when open circuit.
>  
>
Or, maybe simpler, use a compass near the black box, to see if the 
needle is deviated from
the magnetic field generated by the steady current of the Norton source.

73  Alberto  I2PHD






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From: "Steve Thompson" <steve@eltac.co.uk>
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On Monday 11 November 2002 13:16, you wrote:
> No Steve, this doesn't work.  - Although I fell into that trap initially.
Yes, I realise where I went wrong. Too embarassing to admit!

Steve


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Dear Andy, LF Group

At 08:46 11/11/2002 +0000, you wrote:
>You then conclude the internal circuit is
>either a Thevenin source (an ideal 1V voltage source with a 1-ohm series
>resistor) or a Norton source (an ideal 1A current source with a 1-ohm
>shunt resistor). Using standard laboratory equipment, how could you
>determine which one it is.
>

Well, it's hard to be certain, but if the box has a label on the back which 
says something like "use 275,000 AA cells - observe correct polarity", then 
it is probably the Norton current source one...

Cheers, Jim Moritz
73 de M0BMU



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From: "Andy talbot" <g4jnt@thersgb.net>
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No Steve, this doesn't work.  - Although I fell into that trap initially.

For a Thevenin network,  if you connect an external 1V source, you will get 
either 2A or zero flowing depending on polarity, as both voltage sources are in 
series.

For a Norton, the external voltage source will force 1A though the internal 1R 
resistor and this will be added or subtracted, depending on polarity, from the 
internal 1A source,  which will will now be flowing completely through the 
external voltage source as this has an internal resistance of zero and will 
swamp the 1R - result zero or 2A as before.   Thev. and Norton are electrically 
identical so cannot be told apart. Remember superposition.

Congrats Hugh, you worked it out - use a thermometer, and to be really 
scientific measure the temperature when shorted, and when open circuit.

Andy



-----Original Message-----
From:	Steve Thompson [SMTP:steve@eltac.co.uk]
Sent:	2002/11/11 10:56
To:	rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject:	LF: An answer to Monday's puzzle

On Monday 11 November 2002 08:46, you wrote:
> You have a small box whose internal workings you can't see, but the box
> has two terminals. You measure these two terminals with a voltmeter, and
> it measures precisely 1V. You short the two terminals with an ammeter,
> and it reads precisely 1A. You then conclude the internal circuit is
> either a Thevenin source (an ideal 1V voltage source with a 1-ohm series
> resistor) or a Norton source (an ideal 1A current source with a 1-ohm
> shunt resistor). Using standard laboratory equipment, how could you
> determine which one it is.
I'm feeling pleased with myself - I honestly worked this out from scratch!

Apply a 1V external source and measure the current.

Steve


> thought the whole point of these theoretical sources is they were
>interchangeable.

>I did wonder if you could use a thermometer to measure the temperature rise,
>as the 1 ohm resistor would dissipate more heat when shortcirucited in the
>Thevenin configuraton, and none when open ciruit. Whereas the Norton config.
>would disipate more when open ciruited.
>But then, how much heat does an ideal voltage or current source dissipate ??
>It's all very theroretical. They are just mathematical tools really.
>73
>Hugh M0WYE



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<html>
<font size=3><b>To All from PA0SE:<br><br>
Jim,&nbsp; M0BMU wrote:<br><br>
<br>
</b><blockquote type=cite class=cite cite>The un-neat thing about an oil
dielectric is its propensity for catching fire... also, I don't think it
has particularly low loss at RF - although a lot of big TX capacitors are
oil-filled, the oil is there to increase the breakdown voltage, rather
than act as the main dielectric, which is usually mica, I
believe.</font></blockquote><b><br><br>
The wave form of the output voltage of my 136kHz transmitter with four
HEXFET's type IRF520&nbsp; in parallel-pushpull was not quite sinusoidal.
To absorb the harmonics I connected a capacitor of about 50nF over the
primary winding of the output transformer. I&nbsp; tried capacitors of
different type and make but all became hot after a while.<br>
The only one running cool was a white coloured 50nF capacitor of a type
that can be frequently found in German WW II radio equipment. These
capacitors are oil-filled....<br><br>
73, Dick, PA0SE<br><br>
<br>
</b></html>

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I thought the whole point of these theoretical sources is they were
interchangeable.

I did wonder if you could use a thermometer to measure the temperature rise,
as the 1 ohm resistor would dissipate more heat when shortcirucited in the
Thevenin configuraton, and none when open ciruit. Whereas the Norton config.
would disipate more when open ciruited.
But then, how much heat does an ideal voltage or current source dissipate ??
It's all very theroretical. They are just mathematical tools really.
73
Hugh M0WYE


----- Original Message -----
From: "Steve Thompson" <steve@eltac.co.uk>
To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: Monday, November 11, 2002 10:55 AM
Subject: LF: An answer to Monday's puzzle


> On Monday 11 November 2002 08:46, you wrote:
> > You have a small box whose internal workings you can't see, but the box
> > has two terminals. You measure these two terminals with a voltmeter, and
> > it measures precisely 1V. You short the two terminals with an ammeter,
> > and it reads precisely 1A. You then conclude the internal circuit is
> > either a Thevenin source (an ideal 1V voltage source with a 1-ohm series
> > resistor) or a Norton source (an ideal 1A current source with a 1-ohm
> > shunt resistor). Using standard laboratory equipment, how could you
> > determine which one it is.
> I'm feeling pleased with myself - I honestly worked this out from scratch!
>
> Apply a 1V external source and measure the current.
>
> Steve
>
>
>



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On Monday 11 November 2002 08:46, you wrote:
> You have a small box whose internal workings you can't see, but the box
> has two terminals. You measure these two terminals with a voltmeter, and
> it measures precisely 1V. You short the two terminals with an ammeter,
> and it reads precisely 1A. You then conclude the internal circuit is
> either a Thevenin source (an ideal 1V voltage source with a 1-ohm series
> resistor) or a Norton source (an ideal 1A current source with a 1-ohm
> shunt resistor). Using standard laboratory equipment, how could you
> determine which one it is.
I'm feeling pleased with myself - I honestly worked this out from scratch!

Apply a 1V external source and measure the current.

Steve


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At 21:28 10/11/2002 -0600, you wrote:
>I would like to know if anyone has built variable capacitors for
>transmitters or tuners. I would like to build a variable capacitor that is
>at least 100pf and can handle 40 amps of RF current. Does anyone have any
>ideas or links to some articles???
>Thanks es 73's,
>Mike>WE0H
>http://www.we0h.us/lf.html

Dear Mike, LF group,

What frequency is it for? Surely not LF - at 185kHz, the voltage rating 
might be a problem - about 340kV with 40A!

Cheers, Jim Moritz
73 de M0BMU



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Date: Mon, 11 Nov 2002 23:58:10 +1300
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Hi Jim

While I have similar reservations there have been a few oil filled tuning
caps used successfully here with tesla coils-not the best parallel to use
but certainly close enough to make the prospect interesting and worth
following up. No problems reported with fires as yet either!
Thee are seemingly very few liquids that are readily available that have
high permittivity, low RF loss and a half decent voltage withstand
capability. Main issue is getting accurate rf loss data at relevant
frequencies.
And what happens to that loss when the voltage applied is raised to the sort
of levels that are needed for this application?
None of the usual info sources carry this sort of detail, so I have not been
able to find very much information on this at all and will be doing some
measurements this summer to prove the usefulness or otherwise of this
technique.
Summer? Well, this is definitely an 'outside in the open air' sort of
activity!!

73
 Dave
ZL3FJ


----- Original Message -----
From: "James Moritz" <j.r.moritz@herts.ac.uk>
To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: Monday, November 11, 2002 3:06 AM
Subject: Re: LF: To Ponder over the weekend


> Dear Dave, LF Group,
>
> At 08:43 09/11/2002 +1300, you wrote:
> >  The neat thing with the oil dielectric is it is basically self healing
,
> >even if it does arc over- no permanent capacitor damage will result as
long
> >as the power is shut off fast enough.. and that's the current issue-no
pun
> >intended!
>
> The un-neat thing about an oil dielectric is its propensity for catching
> fire... also, I don't think it has particularly low loss at RF - although
a
> lot of big TX capacitors are oil-filled, the oil is there to increase the
> breakdown voltage, rather than act as the main dielectric, which is
usually
> mica, I believe.
>
> Cheers, Jim Moritz
> 73 de M0BMU
>
>
>



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Laurie Mayhead" <laurie@g3aqc.freeserve.co.uk>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
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I also had a QSO with DDH47 cross band to 7025.
I was very impressed by the "slick" operating proceedure.
A typical QSO went as follows:-
CQ DDH47
G3AQC K
AQC 5NN
5NN LOC IO90NT
QSL TU
They then went on to the next contact.
I know that we have an agreed proceedure for slow QRSS contacts,but is it as
slick as this?
We would not need the LOC info and 5NN etc would be replaced by O or M
etc.,also the final QSL could be  E E as at present.
73 Laurie.



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Talbot Andrew" <ACTALBOT@mail.dstl.gov.uk>
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You have a small box whose internal workings you can't see, but the box
has two terminals. You measure these two terminals with a voltmeter, and
it measures precisely 1V. You short the two terminals with an ammeter,
and it reads precisely 1A. You then conclude the internal circuit is
either a Thevenin source (an ideal 1V voltage source with a 1-ohm series
resistor) or a Norton source (an ideal 1A current source with a 1-ohm
shunt resistor). Using standard laboratory equipment, how could you
determine which one it is.
 

"This e-mail is intended for the recipient only.  If you are not the
intended recipient you must not use, disclose, distribute, copy, print,
or rely upon this e-mail. If an addressing or transmission error has
misdirected this e-mail, please notify the author by replying to this e-mail."

"Recipients should note that all e-mail traffic on MOD systems is
subject to monitoring and auditing."


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Ed Lesnichy" <ed@dx.ru>
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Subject: LF: Nov 6-10 Report #1
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Hello LF Group!

QSOs NOV 6-9 on 136:

NOV 6:
reception G3AQC 71.75kHz QRSS30 test - 'M' copy
My first attempt in life really to accept someone on 73kHz ;-))
QRSS10 test I had not time to begin to accept ;-((

NOV 7:
1805 OH5UFO O/0

NOV 8:
1805 IK5ZPV O/O
1850 OH1BS 579/559 (RU6LWZ)
...  QSX QSO 136/3533 (RU6LWZ)
1936 OK1DTN 559/579 (RU6LWZ - first UA Eu - OK)
1951 DK2HRE 559/339 (RU6LWZ)
2150 M0BMU O/O
2250 DN1VLF O/O
2315 DF6NM O/O

NOV 9:
1613 SM5EUF/5 O/O (first UA Eu - SM, also first QRSS QSO by Urban -
congratulations!)
1815 G3XDV O/O (QRSS3/QRSS10)
1845 F6BWO O/O (QRSS3/QRSS10 First UA Eu - F)
1950 OZ8NJ 559/559 (RU6LWZ  First UA Eu - OZ)
... QSX QSO 136/3533 (RU6LWZ)
2230 DL3FDO O/O
2307 PA0BWL O/M (QRSS3/QRSS10  First UA Eu - PA)

Any details abt Nov 6-10 activity in Report #2 later

73! Ed RU6LA   ed@dx.ru

PS November 9 at me was birthday - thank by all who has made to me
   a gift (LF QSOs), not knowing about it! ;-))



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Mon, 11 Nov 2002 07:27:52 +0000 (GMT)
From: "David Sparvell" <g4ftc_lf@yahoo.co.uk>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
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Subject: Re: LF: Question on building homebrew variable caps...
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<P>Try a "flapper" capacitor - the type used on VHF/UHF. 100pF is relatively easy to make and 40 amps is no problem. For a dielectric use a piece of PTFE.
<P>Regards
<P>David G4FTC
<P>&nbsp;<B><I>WE0H &lt;we0h@core.com&gt;</I></B> wrote:
<BLOCKQUOTE style="BORDER-LEFT: #1010ff 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px">I would like to know if anyone has built variable capacitors for<BR>transmitters or tuners. I would like to build a variable capacitor that is<BR>at least 100pf and can handle 40 amps of RF current. Does anyone have any<BR>ideas or links to some articles???<BR>Thanks es 73's,<BR>Mike&gt;WE0H<BR>http://www.we0h.us/lf.html<BR><BR><BR></BLOCKQUOTE><p><p><br><hr size=1><a href="http://uk.yahoo.com/mail/tagline_xtra/?http://uk.docs.yahoo.com/mail_storage.html"><b><font face="Arial" size="2">Get a bigger mailbox -- choose a size that fits your needs.</font></b></a><br>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "WE0H" <we0h@core.com>
To: "Post Rsgb_Lf_Group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>, 
 "SHMRG Reflector" <shmrg@piobaire.mines.uidaho.edu>,
  lowfer@mailman.qth.net
Date: Sun, 10 Nov 2002 21:28:47 -0600
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I would like to know if anyone has built variable capacitors for
transmitters or tuners. I would like to build a variable capacitor that is
at least 100pf and can handle 40 amps of RF current. Does anyone have any
ideas or links to some articles???
Thanks es 73's,
Mike>WE0H
http://www.we0h.us/lf.html




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Sun, 10 Nov 2002 20:23:21 -0500
From: "Dexter McIntyre W4DEX" <dmcintyre@att.net>
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To: "RSGB LF" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>, 
 "LowFER" <lowfer@mailman.qth.net>,
  Juergen.Gerpott@dwd.de
Subject: LF: DDH47 as received in North Carolina
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Sorry for the late report on the DDH47 test.  I was away from home for
the weekend.  I have uploaded Argo screen shots and a wav file of the
signal I received during the test.  Thanks for the effort.

http://www.gostanly.com/w4dex/DDH47/

Dexter, W4DEX


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Subject: LF: Venner and chickens
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This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
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Hi all,

today I made some earthresistence measurings using the Venner-method 
described by G4FGQ (see attachment).our always curios cock was arround.

connecting the 98VAC source to the outer rods the cock called the hens
in a roar never heard before. the area with the rods was immediatly 
crowded with chickens pecking the turf and pulling out worms en masse. 

in a local QSO on VHF I told the story. my fellow said that 
this is a well known mystery. instead of 98VAC he connects 
the 220VAC power line directly to the rods when collecting bait
for fishing purposes.

regards

Uwe/dj8wx






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ACiiigAooooAKKKKAP/Z
--------------000603050506020907090600--

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "WE0H" <we0h@core.com>
To: lowfer@mailman.qth.net
Cc: "Post Rsgb_Lf_Group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Date: Sun, 10 Nov 2002 14:36:45 -0600
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Subject: LF: I'm seeing double...
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I'm seeing double how 'bout you??? You would swear the servers were hitting
the bottle lately...

Mike>WE0H
http://www.we0h.us/lf.html




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "g3ldo" <g3ldo@ukonline.co.uk>
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Subject: LF: 73 T/A Last night
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Although from the receiving end watching 120s QRSS on 72.4kHz is like
watching grass grow at the transmitting end it turned out to be fairly
exciting.

I had not studied the propagation predictions and I just tagged along with
Laurie. I was late because of a family emergency and I didn't get the
transmitter fired up until 2335, by which time it would seem that main
propagation event had faded.
This was the first time the car battery power supply was used and it proved
much more resilient than the UPS batteries. There was a bit of a panic when
I found that the DDS driver batteries were down to 10v but a quick
connection of a charger resolved this.
My main concern was for the antenna. I managed to improve the antenna
current to 4.5amps and with an antenna feed point of 64ohms this works out
at around 1300watts. With a small suburban antenna the voltage across the
insulators must be enormous. After anxiously inspecting the insulators in
the dark for pyrotechnics all looked well in spite of the heavy rain that
had started to fall. It would seem that the insulator treatment, described
previously, seemed to have done the trick. But there was no chance of
leaving the transmitter on and going to bed as I think Laurie does.
By 0130 no T/A reports had been received and I was ready to pack up.
Fortunately I did a last check of the e-mail and got a report from John,
which encouraged me to leave the transmitter on for a while.
It seems that the propagation followed the familiar pattern of two broad
humps seen so often in Alan's CFH recordings and so a complete 'LDO' was
received in MA.
Many thanks to Jose EA1PX and Markus DF6NM for their reports on frequency
and signal strength.
Most of all, thanks to John Andrews, W1TAG, for his patience in receiving
the signals from Laurie and myself and for making the ARGO recordings
available on his website.

Regards,
Peter, G3LDO

e-mail <g3ldo@ukonline.co.uk>

Web <http://web.ukonline.co.uk/g3ldo>









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From: "Mike Dennison" <mike.dennison@ntlworld.com>
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RU6LA QRSS Tests 9 November 2002 (pm)

I ran Argo continuously from 1320 to 2335UTC on Saturday 9, and took
captures every 4 minutes.
All stations sending QRSS3 except where shown. Here's the log:
1400: IK5ZPV calling CQ (signal 'M' to 'O')
1408: RU6LA beaconing with 10W ERP at strength 'M'
1418: Beacon now up to 'O'
1442: Beacon still visible but some fading down to 'M'
1451: SM3EUF/5 calling CQ at 'M'
1516: IK5ZPV and RU6LA both 'M'
1520: SM5EUF/5 now 'O'. RU6LA and IK5ZPV both calling CQ
1535: G3XDV calling RU6LA. No reply
1543: G3XDV changes to 10 second dot length to call again. No reply
1555: SM5EUF/5 calls RU6LA and they exchange 'O' reports
1615: G3XDV calls again, twice, but no reply
1635: RU6LA sends "UP 2HZ"
1643: G3XDV QSYs up 2Hz and calls again but RU6LA just sends CQ
1703: G3XDV QSYs 2Hz up from RU6LA's own frequency and has a QSO, exchanging
'O' reports. Some confusion, and the 10s dot length makes the QSO rather
long at 70 minutes! My best two-way DX
1823: RU6LA replies to F6BWO who called with 10s dots and they exchange 'O'
reports.
1916: OH1TN calling CQ
1950: RU6LA calling CQ. Called by DL3FDO but does not reply
2008: DL3FDO calls again but no reply
2024: RU6LA calling CQ "RX 71-75"
2044: RU6LA calling CQ "RX 71-75" again
2110: DL3FDO calls but no reply
2130: RU6LA puts out several CQs
2201: He is called by PA0BWL
2205: RU6LA sends "AGN" but doubles with PA0BWL
2208: DL3FDO calls again and this time they have a QSO, exchanging 'O'
reports
2240: PA0BWL calls again and gets "9BM?" from RU6LA. PA0BWL calls again and
this time gets an 'M' report and completes a QSO.
2325: RU6LA calls CQ but no-one replies
Nothing more seen of the expedition

Several Argo captures can be seen at
http://www.lf.thersgb.net/transcontinental/2002-3/9nov.htm

Mike, G3XDV
http://www.lf.thersgb.net
====================




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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<HTML><FONT FACE=arial,helvetica><FONT  SIZE=2 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="2">Hi group,<BR>
<BR>
around 1630 UT I could see regular bursts which looked like a faint PSK31 beacon signal centered at 137734, slowly moving upwards to abt 137742. Too weak to be readable here, but odd chunks like "UFO" and "OX5" point in Reino's direction. Around 1740 the signal faded and finally drowned in the upcoming Luxembourg mumbling.&nbsp; - Judging from our earlier tests using SpecLab, it might well be worth trying a slower version, like PSK08.<BR>
<BR>
Regards <BR>
Markus, DF6NM<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
&nbsp; </FONT></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Sun, 10 Nov 2002 18:29:41 +0100
From: "Alberto di Bene" <dibene@usa.net>
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Subject: Re: LF: DDH47 Test
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Dear group,
   the DDH47 station has been worked cross-band by Umberto I5IAR from 
Central Italy.
He used the Amrad active whip for Rx, and transmitted on the 7 Mhz band.

73  Alberto  I2PHD





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Date: Sun, 10 Nov 2002 18:54:46 +0100
From: "K. Versteeg" <lowfer@wanadoo.nl>
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Dear..
Some reports, i am sure i missed atleast one station on Sunday.

Friday,
G3AQC    -48.8dB  [73Khz]
RU6LA     -40.0dB  
OH5UFO -34.5dB  
DN1VLF   -44.1dB 
M0BMU   -28.5dB  
F6BWO    -30.0dB 
G3XDV     -32.2dB 
Saturday, 
RU6LA    -40.3dB
IK5ZPV  -42.5dB 
G3XDV   -28.4dB
OH1TN   -35.1dB
DL3FDO  -30.0dB    
Sunday, 
DL3JMM  -45.0dB 
I5TGC     -44.6dB 
DF6NM   -35.5dB  [MTHELL]
PA0BWL  -22.5dB 
OH5UFO -30.9dB 
F6BWO   -31.3dB 
DF6NM   -33.1dB  [DFCW]

Gear used was a Kenwood R5000 [-20dB att.] LFA-520 and Argo.
Reference signals as received here, if usable were:
MSF 60 Khz   -27.5dB
HBG 75 Khz   -27.9dB
DCF  77.5 Khz  -28.5dB
DCF39 138.83 Khz -28.0dB

   73  Ko Versteeg, NL9222  [SWL]  
   [Grid: JO22KE - Lat: 520 12' 15.0"N  Long: 040 51' 40.5"E]
   
   ** Digital and Visual Amateur Radio Software **
       http://home.wanadoo.nl/nl9222/index.htm 





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I have uploaded four screen shots that show the progress of Laurie's and
Peter's signals last night. They are full-screen ARGO shots, about 100k
each. The times on the screens are UTC, for the evening of 9-10 November. My
comment last night about the differences in fading appears to have been
premature; with QRSS120, the picture develops slowly.

Shots:

http://webpages.charter.net/w1tag/files/AQCLDO1.jpg

http://webpages.charter.net/w1tag/files/AQCLDO2.jpg

http://webpages.charter.net/w1tag/files/AQCLDO3.jpg

http://webpages.charter.net/w1tag/files/AQCLDO4.jpg

John Andrews



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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At 11:16 10/11/02 -0500, G2AJV wrote:
>.................................. Torroidal Antenna................"

Surely not! Only one "R" in Toroidal. A "G2" too! Disgraceful!

Walter G3JKV.

(President, British Nitpickers' Association)


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From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Dear LF Group,

I was pleased to work RU6LA for the second time on Friday night just after 
9pm. It was a solid QRSS3 contact, in spite of the fairly high noise level. 
Ed's signal was about s3 here, allthough he could not hear me.

Later, I re-tuned to 147.3kHz to hear the DDH47 50th anniversary broadcast, 
and cross-band QSOs. I had a 7MHz dipole set up, and spent ages calling 
them on 40m with no luck, even after the pile-up had subsided. Eventually, 
after much cursing in the dark and rain, I managed to re-tune my LF wire on 
80m, and was able to work them straight away around 0100. Thanks to the 
people at DDH47 - it isn't every day you get to have a live 2-way QSO with 
an LF utility station!

On Saturday morning, amongst others I worked DL2HRE, Edgar, who said it was 
his first G contact on LF.

Cheers, Jim Moritz
73 de M0BMU




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Dear John,
I shall be very happy to present a paper on " The Importance of  Vector
Potential In The Radiation Process as Illustrated by the G2AJV  Torroidal
Antenna"  if you consider that this may help the cause.
With many thanks for all your previous kindness,
73,
 Roger Jennison  (FIEE etc).


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Dear Dave, LF Group,

At 08:43 09/11/2002 +1300, you wrote:
>  The neat thing with the oil dielectric is it is basically self healing ,
>even if it does arc over- no permanent capacitor damage will result as long
>as the power is shut off fast enough.. and that's the current issue-no pun
>intended!

The un-neat thing about an oil dielectric is its propensity for catching 
fire... also, I don't think it has particularly low loss at RF - although a 
lot of big TX capacitors are oil-filled, the oil is there to increase the 
breakdown voltage, rather than act as the main dielectric, which is usually 
mica, I believe.

Cheers, Jim Moritz
73 de M0BMU



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Laurie Mayhead" <laurie@g3aqc.freeserve.co.uk>
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I tried to contact RU6LA cross band 73/136 on Wed and again Sat. but in
spite of a good signal here from Ed and a report from Vlad that Ed had seen
my 73kHz signals "M" copy on Wed. we failed to made contact.
Perhaps this was due to changing conditions or there may have been some
confusion regarding timing.
Next time !.
73 Laurie.



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Many thanks to all who looked for signals from Peter and me last night,also
for reports on sigs and frequency.
I think that this shows that in spite of Alans reserves we are well on the
way to predicting when conditions will be suitable for T/A etc on LF.At
least better than last year when I transmitted for many nights in order to
catch a good one Hi.
We can't now be far off a hand speed morse contact T/A on 136kHz.
73 Laurie



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RU6LA QRSS Tests 8/9 November 2002

I ran Argo continuously from 1350UTC on Friday 8 to 1315 on Saturday 9
November, and took captures every 4 minutes. All stations sending QRSS3
except where shown. Here's the log:

1355: RU6LA seen with 10 watt beacon at good strength until 1350
1403: RU6LA sending QRSS60 (60 second dot length)
1450: RU6LA very good signal
1534: RU6LA still very good strength
1542: RU6LA weaker
1550: RU6LA poor signal
1606: IK5ZPV calling CQ at strength 'M'
1610: RU6LA with QRSS60 transmission at good strength
1651: RU6LA still good. IK5ZPV seen at 'M'
1711: IK5ZPV very poor signal
1733: RU6LA back to QRSS3 strength 'O'
1752: IK5ZPV working RU6LA
1811: F6BWO calling RU6LA. No reply
1817: F6BWO calls again. No reply
2028: RU6LA calling CQ. Excellent signal, audible at S2. No reply. [I was
watching television - a missed opportunity!]
2040: RU6LA calling CQ again. No reply
2053: Another CQ but signal now dropping
2104: RU6LA and OH5UFO visible
2115: M0BMU working RU6LA and exchanging 'O' reports. BMU receiving LA at
S3, but BMU not audible with LA.
2201: RU6LA calling CQ. G3XDV calls him
2215: RU6LA giving 'O' to DN1VLF but QSO lost
2228: RU6LA calling CQ. G3XDV calls him
2237: RU6LA sending 'O' again to DN1VLF
2243: DF6NM sending callsign
2248: DN1VLF giving 'O' report to RU6LA
2257: RU6LA signs and immediately QSOs DF6NM and gives him 'O' report
2321: RU6LA calling CQ "Rx 650 750". G3XDV and F6BWO both called. No reply
2352: OH5UFO calling CQs for the next hour
0024: F6BWO uses 10s dot speed to call RU6LA
0036: RU6LA calling CQ but quite weak
0044: F6BWO uses 10s dot speed to call RU6LA again
0052: RU6LA sending QRZ but quite weak
0104: F6BWO uses 10s dot speed to call RU6LA again
0116: RU6LA calling CQ again
0120: F6BWO goes back to 3s dot speed to call RU6LA again
0132: OH5UFO calling CQ. F6BWO calls but gets only a QRZ
No more activity until . . .
0706: RU6LA sending 10W beacon, strength 'O'
0750: Beacon drops in strength to 'M'
0818: Beacon ends, still at 'M'
0906: RU6LA again sending 10W beacon, strength 'M' to 'O'
0924: Beacon gets weaker to 'M'
1050: Beacon even weaker 'M' to 'T' by 1106
1124: Beacon back to 'M'
1154: Beacon weak
1202: Beacon ends
Nothing heard until . . .
1315: G3XDV calling CQ. No reply

Lots of Argo captures can be found at
http://www.lf.thersgb.net/transcontinental/2002-3/8-9nov.htm

Mike, G3XDV
http://www.lf.thersgb.net
====================




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John Andrews wrote:

> On arriving home at 2330, I find an "AQ" and most of a "C" on the screen.
> The signal looks good. No sign of anything on 72.400. I make Laurie's
> frequency as 72400.95 Hz. Will keep watching.
>
> John Andrews, W1TAG

John,
G3AQC and 
PeterG3LDO,

Congratulations from the Amrad Gang :-)

André N4ICK


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As of 0230 UTC, both AQC and LDO are gone. Here are a couple of screen clips
from the evening:

This was the cleanest shot of G3AQC:
http://webpages.charter.net/w1tag/files/AQC-8.jpg

This was the only complete "LDO" that came through. There's an extra "O" (no
charge) at the beginning:
http://webpages.charter.net/w1tag/files/OLDO.jpg

Congrats to Laurie and Peter. And to Alan for his double negatives.

John Andrews, W1TAG



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Clearly seeing G3AQC and G3LDO, though they are moving apart from each
other!

Screen shots later... trying to be sociable upstairs.

John Andrews, W1TAG



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 John Andrews, W1TAG


> Clearly seeing G3AQC and G3LDO, though they are moving apart from each
> other!
> 
> Screen shots later... trying to be sociable upstairs.

In view of your report I will leave the transmitter on!

Regards, 
Peter, G3LDO

e-mail <g3ldo@ukonline.co.uk>

Web <http://web.ukonline.co.uk/g3ldo>




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John W1TAG said:

> Peter,
> I may be seeing some pieces of your signal. Got a dash on 72400.24, now
> looks like another on 0.23. There are some scraps on higher frequencies
> before that.
> Strangely, Laurie is in a fade.

A family emergency prevented me getting on earlier so it looks as though I
missed the conditions peak.
I did say I was switching off at 0100 but I am still here at 0155. The
transmitter frequency is 72400.24
and working very well in spite of  very heavy rain (4.4amps into the
antenna) but I think I will call it a night at the end of the present
transmission.
John, many thanks for your efforts and congratulations to you and Laurie on
tonights results on 73kHz..

Regards,
Peter, G3LDO

e-mail <g3ldo@ukonline.co.uk>

Web <http://web.ukonline.co.uk/g3ldo>








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Jose said

>Peter started "LDO" transmission at 23.36 UTC on 72400.29 Hz




>If you can see signals from Peter and Laurie. Perhaps, on this occasion,
giving the difference in frequency would help locate LDO in the U.S.  That
would cancel any possible error in frequency measurement between you and
John.

I am monitoring my frequency using a high resolution PM6667 counter. When I
first started transmission the frequency was 72.40029kHz . It is now
72.40027kHz - I found I had a problem with the DDS PSU which has now been
fixed.
Transmitter working well in spite of the rain, with an antenna current of
4.5amps.

Regards,
Peter, G3LDO

e-mail <g3ldo@ukonline.co.uk>

Web <http://web.ukonline.co.uk/g3ldo>






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Peter,

I may be seeing some pieces of your signal. Got a dash on 72400.24, now
looks like another on 0.23. There are some scraps on higher frequencies
before that.

Strangely, Laurie is in a fade.

John, W1TAG



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From: =?iso-8859-1?Q?Jos=E9_Manuel?= <jpradoe@nexo.es>
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD>
<META http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
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<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Hi David:</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>I think that itsn´t necessary because I agree with 
John about Laurie´s frequency. Actually the difference&nbsp;is not constant, due 
to slight drift of both carriers, but now (00.16 UTC) the difference is 0.70 Hz, 
Peter on 72400.26 and Laurie on 72400.96 Hz. </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>73, José EA1PX</FONT></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE 
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
  <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message ----- </DIV>
  <DIV 
  style="BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; FONT: 10pt arial; font-color: black"><B>From:</B> 
  <A title=G0MRF@aol.com href="mailto:G0MRF@aol.com">G0MRF@aol.com</A> </DIV>
  <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B> <A title=rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org 
  href="mailto:rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org">rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org</A> 
  </DIV>
  <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B> Sunday, November 10, 2002 12:58 
  AM</DIV>
  <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B> Re: LF: Re: G3AQC Copied in 
  MA!</DIV>
  <DIV><BR></DIV><FONT face=arial,helvetica><FONT size=2>In a message dated 
  11/9/02 11:52:18 PM GMT Standard Time, <A 
  href="mailto:jpradoe@nexo.es">jpradoe@nexo.es</A> writes: <BR><BR><BR>
  <BLOCKQUOTE 
  style="PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px" 
  TYPE="CITE">Hi John and All: <BR><BR>Peter started "LDO" transmission at 
    23.36 UTC on 72400.29 Hz <BR><BR>73, José - EA1PX <BR><BR></FONT><FONT 
    lang=0 face=Arial color=#000000 size=3 
  FAMILY="SANSSERIF"></BLOCKQUOTE><BR></FONT><FONT lang=0 face=Arial 
  color=#000000 size=2 FAMILY="SANSSERIF"><BR>Jose. <BR><BR>If you can see 
  signals from Peter and Laurie. Perhaps, on this occasion, giving the 
  difference in frequency would help locate LDO in the U.S. &nbsp;That would 
  cancel any possible error in frequency measurement between you and John. 
  <BR><BR>GL <BR><BR>David &nbsp;G0MRF</FONT> </FONT></BLOCKQUOTE></BODY></HTML>

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<HTML><FONT FACE=arial,helvetica><FONT  SIZE=2 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="2">Dear LF group,<BR>
<BR>
at the moment (Sat/Sun 00:00 UT) I can see three slow QRSS signals, frequency readings should be accurate to +-10mHz. SNR is estimated for 10mHz bins (Argo 90s) including moderate QRN, however the RX ant is currently neither optimized nor calibrated on 72 kHz.<BR>
<BR>
135921.73Hz RU6LA&nbsp; SNR=38dB E=10dBuV/m<BR>
 72400.95Hz G3AQC SNR=26dB<BR>
 72400.30Hz G3LDO SNR=26dB (since 23:35)<BR>
<BR>
Wishing the best of luck to all participants<BR>
<BR>
Markus, DF6NM<BR>
</FONT></HTML>

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Watching QRSS120 screens is about as action-packed as watching concrete
harden.

For Dave and Jose -- I'm dead on with HBG, so I should be reading Laurie's
frequency within 10 mHz or so.

John, W1TAG



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<HTML><FONT FACE=arial,helvetica><FONT  SIZE=2>In a message dated 11/9/02 11:52:18 PM GMT Standard Time, jpradoe@nexo.es writes:
<BR>
<BR>
<BR><BLOCKQUOTE TYPE=CITE style="BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px">Hi John and All:
<BR>
<BR>Peter started "LDO" transmission at 23.36 UTC on 72400.29 Hz
<BR>
<BR>73, José - EA1PX
<BR>
<BR></FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" SIZE=3 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="0"></BLOCKQUOTE>
<BR></FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="0">
<BR>Jose.
<BR>
<BR>If you can see signals from Peter and Laurie. Perhaps, on this occasion, giving the difference in frequency would help locate LDO in the U.S. &nbsp;That would cancel any possible error in frequency measurement between you and John.
<BR>
<BR>GL
<BR>
<BR>David &nbsp;G0MRF</FONT></HTML>

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From: "g3ldo" <g3ldo@ukonline.co.uk>
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Hi John
>
> > I hope to come on tonight as well. I will be on 72.400kHz sending LDO
> > QRSS120. I will make one transmission between 2300 and 0100 UTC. Last
time
> I
> > transmitted Jose, EA1PX measured my frequency as 724031.
>
> Did you intend an extra "0" in that? Such as: 72400.31?

Yes that is correct, also Jose reports a drift of one part per million per
hour

Regards,
Peter, G3LDO

e-mail <g3ldo@ukonline.co.uk>

Web <http://web.ukonline.co.uk/g3ldo>




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<HTML><FONT FACE=arial,helvetica><FONT  SIZE=2>Came home at 23.00 Friday evening and remembered DDH47 was on.
<BR>
<BR>But only 2.4GHz dish and 70cm beam........
<BR>
<BR>Checked QSX from the reflector and cut wire at 33 feet for 7MHz. Ran wire out of window to garden fence.
<BR>Also ran out second wire abt 45 feet out of window for LF RX.
<BR>
<BR>Switched on at 00.05. &nbsp;With no matching, heard DDH47 at 559. &nbsp;Added 1 standard bucket of wire, signal now 589.........That'll do nicely.
<BR>
<BR>Listened to 147.3kHz and heard "QSX &nbsp;3565" &nbsp;&nbsp;- &nbsp;** ****
<BR>
<BR>Tuned up 33 feet of wire at 15ft AGL on 80m.
<BR>
<BR>Made one call on 3565 and heard reply come back on 147.3k.
<BR>Exchanged info and made QSO. -Great !
<BR>
<BR>I'm not surprised that 147.3 was very strong in London. But I was very impressed that they could hear a really poor signal on 80m.
<BR>
<BR>Thanks all at DDH47.
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>73
<BR>
<BR>David &nbsp;G0MRF</FONT></HTML>

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Hi John and All:

Peter started "LDO" transmission at 23.36 UTC on 72400.29 Hz

73, José - EA1PX

----- Original Message -----
From: "John Andrews" <w1tag@charter.net>
To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: Sunday, November 10, 2002 12:39 AM
Subject: LF: G3AQC Copied in MA!


> On arriving home at 2330, I find an "AQ" and most of a "C" on the screen.
> The signal looks good. No sign of anything on 72.400. I make Laurie's
> frequency as 72400.95 Hz. Will keep watching.
>
> John Andrews, W1TAG
>
>
>




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From: "John Andrews" <w1tag@charter.net>
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On arriving home at 2330, I find an "AQ" and most of a "C" on the screen.
The signal looks good. No sign of anything on 72.400. I make Laurie's
frequency as 72400.95 Hz. Will keep watching.

John Andrews, W1TAG



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Laurie said
> > So better late than never, I will have a go tonight,and hopefully you
guys
> > will be able to spare some time to look.
> > Start 22:30 Freq 72.401(as near as I can get) QRSS120
>
> I will be listening. Er, make that --watching--.

I hope to come on tonight as well. I will be on 72.400kHz sending LDO
QRSS120. I will make one transmission between 2300 and 0100 UTC. Last time I
transmitted Jose, EA1PX measured my frequency as 724031.

Regards,
Peter, G3LDO

e-mail <g3ldo@ukonline.co.uk>

Web <http://web.ukonline.co.uk/g3ldo>




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Peter:

> I hope to come on tonight as well. I will be on 72.400kHz sending LDO
> QRSS120. I will make one transmission between 2300 and 0100 UTC. Last time
I
> transmitted Jose, EA1PX measured my frequency as 724031.

Did you intend an extra "0" in that? Such as: 72400.31?

John Andrews, W1TAG



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Hi all,

Delighted that Lloyd, W3NF, has copied DDH47 on this side of the pond.  A 
'first?'

I am presently in Ft. Worth, TX, attending the AMSAT AGM but recorded the 
QRSS3 transmission using my portable ICF-SW100E rx and will play it back 
through Argo when I return home.  If anything came through, I will let you 
know.  Last December, DDH47 came through RST 579 on CW using this rx, but I 
was in London at the time (hi!)

73,

Ray, W2RS




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Laurie,

> So better late than never, I will have a go tonight,and hopefully you guys
> will be able to spare some time to look.
> Start 22:30 Freq 72.401(as near as I can get) QRSS120

I will be listening. Er, make that --watching--.

John Andrews, W1TAG




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Alan Melia" <Alan.Melia@btinternet.com>
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Hi Ian, no problem but your really started a buzz of anticipation......I
look forward to hearing your LF transmissions before long......and hearing
of your success on LF to VO1  :-)

Cheers de Alan G3NYK
alan.melia@btinternet.com

-----Original Message-----
From: Ian Kyle <ian.gi8ayz@virgin.net>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Date: 09 November 2002 11:11
Subject: LF: VO1report


>sorry folks, wrong reflector. This should have gone to the fivemegs lot.
>Apologies.
>
>Ian GI8AYZ/MI0AYZ
>
>



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Hi Laurie, I hope I have not overstated it  (!!) but good luck with the
tests.  It is easier to make predictions about possible poor propagation
periods.....but like the forecasts all astrologers, oralcles, and sundry
sooth-sayers, these tend to be self-fullfilling !!

Good Luck all it nice to see the boundaries being stretched again.

Cheers de Alan G3NYK
alan.melia@btinternet.com




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Hello,

I worked DDH47 yesterday crossband (QSX 7025 kHz). They had a great signal 
here of course. DK3UZ (one of the DDH47-Team) asked me to ask anybody who has 
heard DDH47 but not made a crossband QSO to send a report via e-Mail 
(including RST, QTR, QTH) to  Juergen.Gerpott@dwd.de, DL8HCI.

73, Fabian DJ1YFK




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From: "Ian Kyle" <ian.gi8ayz@virgin.net>
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sorry folks, wrong reflector. This should have gone to the fivemegs lot.
Apologies.

Ian GI8AYZ/MI0AYZ



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From: "Laurie Mayhead" <laurie@g3aqc.freeserve.co.uk>
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Hi John,Dex and All,
I have just seen a report from Alan which indicates that last night could
have been a good one for a T/A attempt.
I also note that John was recieving a good signal from DDH47.
So better late than never, I will have a go tonight,and hopefully you guys
will be able to spare some time to look.
Start 22:30 Freq 72.401(as near as I can get) QRSS120
73s Laurie.



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On 8 Nov 2002 at 23:05, Alan Melia wrote:

> Hi Ian, have we missed something ??.....Do enligten us more...Is this the
> first GI<>VE / VO one-way on 136??
> 
> Cheers de Alan G3NYK
> alan.melia@btinternet.com

Don't get too excited, this was on 5MHz. Ian obviously accidentally 
posted it on the wrong reflector... It was an update to a report on 
the 5MHz reflector yesterday...

ps be aware of a new virus masquerading as a mail saying you have 
received a greetings card. Do not retrieve the greetings card, it is 
a virus!

73s Dave G3YMC



dsergeant@iee.org
dsergeant@btinternet.com
http://www.dsergeant.btinternet.co.uk




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From: "lloyd chastant" <chastant@smart.net>
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Had nice QRSS3 copy on several of the tranmissions at :15 and :45 after the
hour.Also between those times seems like about 20sec dashes with 2-3 sec
spacings.Nice signal thus far tonite from Maryland FM19MH  W3NF
de Lloyd
Can send captures of the QRSS3 if anyone interested



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From: "John Andrews" <w1tag@charter.net>
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The German DDH47 test on 147.3 kHz has been coming in well here tonight. The
0045 and 0115 QRSS3 transmissions were very clear. I was copying the CW by
ear in that period, as well. As of 0130, the CW has faded somewhat.

John Andrews, W1TAG
FN42ch




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Hi Ian, have we missed something ??.....Do enligten us more...Is this the
first GI<>VE / VO one-way on 136??

Cheers de Alan G3NYK
alan.melia@btinternet.com




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Ian Kyle wrote:

> Des GI3XZM is not on e-mail but is a longtime buddy so I rang him up to give
> him the tidings. I dare not give his unexpurgated reaction but it would
> appear that he was
> highly chuffed.
>
> He confirms that he was calling CQ at the specified time and feeling rather
> lonely so Joes report made his week.
>
> Gear in use was his homebrew three tube TX running 20 Watts into a square
> loop of 50 ft side and 20 ft above ground level, which is only a couple of
> feet above high water mark (and occasionally not above it at all).
>
> I shall be happy to QSP to him as we are in almost daily telephone contact -
> usually arguing about something.
>
> 73 de,
>
> Ian GI8AYZ/MI0AYZ

GI3XZM was heard across the Atlantic with 20 watts ?
wow, kudos  :-)
May we have more juicy details ?
73
André N4ICK


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From: "Ian Kyle" <ian.gi8ayz@virgin.net>
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Des GI3XZM is not on e-mail but is a longtime buddy so I rang him up to give
him the tidings. I dare not give his unexpurgated reaction but it would
appear that he was
highly chuffed.

He confirms that he was calling CQ at the specified time and feeling rather
lonely so Joes report made his week.

Gear in use was his homebrew three tube TX running 20 Watts into a square
loop of 50 ft side and 20 ft above ground level, which is only a couple of
feet above high water mark (and occasionally not above it at all).

I shall be happy to QSP to him as we are in almost daily telephone contact -
usually arguing about something.

73 de,

Ian GI8AYZ/MI0AYZ



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Dave Brown" <tractorb@ihug.co.nz>
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Both these problems are standard fare in 'older' physics texts- anyone
rember Resnick & Halliday, for example?
There is another more interesting side to Andy's problem as stated however.

Consider  the A/d ratio for a practical air spaced capacitor of 1uF and
adequate voltage 'withstand' capability.
It's not exactly small!!! In practice the spacing would need to be somewhat
greater than the minimum purely for reasons of mechanical support/stability,
making the required plate area even greater!

OK - it was way OT but reason I raised it is I am currently looking at using
just such a capacitor arrangement (with many plates, not just a pair) and
some sort of oil (maybe peanut) to resonate my LF transmitting loop on 180
kHz.
 I have been down this path before but never actually progressed the matter
till now--as I am thinking about raising the transmitter RF output power I
will have to rebuild the present arrangement which has a bunch of 4700 pf
500 volt polystyrenes in series parallel. The idea of just pumping
dielectric in and out to tune the thing has always had appeal but has been
offset with other possible practical issues-- eg. I'll be running this up in
the open air initially-just in case!
 The neat thing with the oil dielectric is it is basically self healing ,
even if it does arc over- no permanent capacitor damage will result as long
as the power is shut off fast enough.. and that's the current issue-no pun
intended!
73
 Dave
ZL3FJ

----- Original Message -----
From: "James Moritz" <j.r.moritz@herts.ac.uk>
To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: Saturday, November 09, 2002 12:51 AM
Subject: Re: LF: To Ponder over the weekend


> Dear Andy, LF group,
>
> At 09:38 08/11/2002 +0000, you wrote:
> >This simple puzzle caused more discussion in my office this morning than
it
> >had any right to....
>
> Here is another conundrum along similar lines - you have two identical,
> loss-free 1uF capacitors, one is charged to 10V, the other is discharged.
> You then connect the two in parallel so the total C is now 2uF - charge
> will flow from the charged capacitor into the discharged capacitor.
> Assuming charge Q is conserved, and that Q=CV, the voltage must now be 5V.
> But the stored energy in a capacitor =1/2CV^2, so with the single charged
> capacitor, the stored energy is 1/2 x 1u x 100 = 50uJ, while with both
> capacitors in parallel it is only 1/2 x 2u x 25 = 25uJ. So where has the
> other 25uJ gone?
>
> Cheers, Jim Moritz
> 73 de M0BMU
>
>
>



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GE OM´s and greetings from East Finland, I hear just now RU6LWZ abt 569 ca 136.4 kHz   = 73/Repe
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   GE OM´s, and greetings from Karelia = There is RU6LWZ now on 136.4 kHz, RST 569 .      73/Repe (73)
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Jim,

I think there is a Lowfer-like solutin to this problem. Seems to me that if
everything is assumed to be 'ideal' or 'loss-free' including the wires,
there would still have to be a TX loop antenna formed by the connections. At
the instant of connection there would be radiation of 25uJ at a frequency
dependent on the capacitance and inductance of the components. 

(See, there is no problem anyone can introduce that has no oportunity for me
to put in a plug for TX loop antennas! <G>)

Have a good, mind relaxing, weekend! 

Bill A 



>This simple puzzle caused more discussion in my office this morning than it
>had any right to....

Here is another conundrum along similar lines - you have two identical,
loss-free 1uF capacitors, one is charged to 10V, the other is discharged.
You then connect the two in parallel so the total C is now 2uF - charge
will flow from the charged capacitor into the discharged capacitor.
Assuming charge Q is conserved, and that Q=CV, the voltage must now be 5V.
But the stored energy in a capacitor =1/2CV^2, so with the single charged
capacitor, the stored energy is 1/2 x 1u x 100 = 50uJ, while with both
capacitors in parallel it is only 1/2 x 2u x 25 = 25uJ. So where has the
other 25uJ gone?

Cheers, Jim Moritz
73 de M0BMU




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From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Mike Dennison" <mike.dennison@ntlworld.com>
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7-8 November
---------------

I ran Argo all night and took captures every 4 minutes. 
Here's the log (reports in brackets): 
1638: RU6LA copied at 'M' 
1650: Saw OH5UFO 
1655: RU6LA calling OH5UFO but OH5UFO was still calling CQ 
1711: Very bad local noise 
1735: DL3FDO calling 
1748: OH5UFO calling RU6LA 
1759: Very bad local noise for more than an hour 
1919: OH5UFO calling 
1931: RU6LA weak. OH5UFO calling CQ 
1955: RU6LA very weak 
2031: OH5UFO calling 
2039: M0BMU working OH5UFO 
2120: RU6LA weak 
2124: M0BMU calling 
2136: OH5UFO calling CQ 
2152: OH5UFO calling CQ 
2200: PA0BWL and DL3FDO calling 
2220: PA0BWL sending an 'O' report to RU6LA. DL3FDO calling 
2232: OH5UFO calling CQ. DL3FDO calling using QRSS10 
2240: F6BWO using QRSS30, DL3FDO QRSS10, PA0BWL QRSS3, OH5UFO QRSS3 
2328: OH5UFO calling CQ 
2240: OH5UFO calling CQ 
0016: QRN bad 
0150: Band much quieter 
0332: Band even quieter 
0600: Band even quieter 
0705: RU6LA 10 watt beacon is a good signal until test ends at 0758 
0805: G3XDV sending callsign 

Lots of Argo captures at: 
http://www.lf.thersgb.net/transcontinental/2002-3/8-9nov.htm

Mike, G3XDV
==========



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: dl8aam@9a0tcp.ampr.org
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Subject: LF: DDH47 this night
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Hi !
just to remind you, the german weather service DWD (www.dwd.de) celebrate their
50th anniversary. For this event DDH47 is specially licenced by the german
telecommunication authority to work crossband/interservice QSOs with amateur
radio stations. DDH47 transmit on 147.3 kHz in CW and give a QSX in the amateur
radio bands. Active (if I rememeber well...hi) from, 2230z til 0500 or 0530z
also active in QRSSS for transatlantic tests. Check older messages on this list
for more info. Date: 8.-9.11.  QSL should be OK via bureau.

73, Tom - DL8AAM
Excamples about more special crossband/interservice and special event
transmissions from "commercial" utility stations to/with HAMs see on my page
at:
http://people.freenet.de/troesne/dl8aam.html
or via startpage at
http://come.to/DL8AAM






From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Dear Andy, LF Group,

At 14:57 08/11/2002 +0000, you wrote:
>Can tell you come from a university background Jim, do you ask that of
>applicants for courses at herts.ac?
>I was asked exactly the same question when applying for Southampton Uni. in
>1976.
It has been doing the rounds for ages - I remember there were once the 
inevitable long exchanges in the letters pages of Wireless World about it. 
But they don't ask prospective electronics undergraduate students questions 
about capacitors now, in case it puts them off. The question they are now 
asked here is (on a good day) "Can you pay the fees?". On a bad day, it's 
"Can you start now, please?"...:-)

Cheers, Jim Moritz
73 de M0BMU




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Hugh Burnham" <g6tmk@thersgb.net>
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Sorry to disillusion you academics, but it is in Nelcon and Parker, the
standard A level Physics Text book when I was at school - I have it here -
P.684 !
However I would add that if you increase the values, say to 100 Volts, and
10,000uF it is very clear what happens to the extra energy when you connect
the terminals ... "SPLAT !" is a good onomatopoeic term.

Is anybody going to be transmitting over the weekend ?
When might I hear some signals on 73 / 136 ?

73
Hugh M0WYE

----- Original Message -----
From: "Andy talbot" <g4jnt@thersgb.net>
To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: Friday, November 08, 2002 2:57 PM
Subject: RE: LF: To Ponder over the weekend


> Can tell you come from a university background Jim, do you ask that of
> applicants for courses at herts.ac?
> I was asked exactly the same question when applying for Southampton Uni.
in
> 1976.
>
> Andy  G4JNT
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: James Moritz [SMTP:j.r.moritz@herts.ac.uk]
> Sent: 2002/11/08 11:52
> To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
> Subject: Re: LF: To Ponder over the weekend
>
> Dear Andy, LF group,
>
> At 09:38 08/11/2002 +0000, you wrote:
> >This simple puzzle caused more discussion in my office this morning than
it
> >had any right to....
>
> Here is another conundrum along similar lines - you have two identical,
> loss-free 1uF capacitors, one is charged to 10V, the other is discharged.
> You then connect the two in parallel so the total C is now 2uF - charge
> will flow from the charged capacitor into the discharged capacitor.
> Assuming charge Q is conserved, and that Q=CV, the voltage must now be 5V.
> But the stored energy in a capacitor =1/2CV^2, so with the single charged
> capacitor, the stored energy is 1/2 x 1u x 100 = 50uJ, while with both
> capacitors in parallel it is only 1/2 x 2u x 25 = 25uJ. So where has the
> other 25uJ gone?
>
> Cheers, Jim Moritz
> 73 de M0BMU
>
>
>
>




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From: "Stewart Nelson" <sn@scgroup.com>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
References: <01C28737.29992A90.g4jnt@thersgb.net>
Date: Fri, 8 Nov 2002 16:26:00 +0100
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Hi Andy, Jim and all,

This is a great question, because it tells a lot about the
background of the person answering, even if the answer is "correct".

The engineer will say that most of the "missing" 25 uJ will be
dissipated as heat in the resistance in the connecting wire.

The physicist, assuming a resistance-free wire, will talk of energy
radiated from the loop in a damped oscillation.

The mathemetician, assuming a perfect connection except for inductance,
speaks of steady state oscillation.

And the philosopher, assuming an ideal connection, finds the problem
analogous to 'irresistable force vs. immovable object', and concludes
that the stated conditions are inconsistent.

73,

Stewart  KK7KA

----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Andy talbot" <g4jnt@thersgb.net>
To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: Friday, November 08, 2002 3:57 PM
Subject: RE: LF: To Ponder over the weekend


> Can tell you come from a university background Jim, do you ask that of 
> applicants for courses at herts.ac?
> I was asked exactly the same question when applying for Southampton Uni. in 
> 1976.
> 
> Andy  G4JNT
> 
> -----Original Message-----
> From: James Moritz [SMTP:j.r.moritz@herts.ac.uk]
> Sent: 2002/11/08 11:52
> To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
> Subject: Re: LF: To Ponder over the weekend
> 
> Dear Andy, LF group,
> 
> At 09:38 08/11/2002 +0000, you wrote:
> >This simple puzzle caused more discussion in my office this morning than it
> >had any right to....
> 
> Here is another conundrum along similar lines - you have two identical,
> loss-free 1uF capacitors, one is charged to 10V, the other is discharged.
> You then connect the two in parallel so the total C is now 2uF - charge
> will flow from the charged capacitor into the discharged capacitor.
> Assuming charge Q is conserved, and that Q=CV, the voltage must now be 5V.
> But the stored energy in a capacitor =1/2CV^2, so with the single charged
> capacitor, the stored energy is 1/2 x 1u x 100 = 50uJ, while with both
> capacitors in parallel it is only 1/2 x 2u x 25 = 25uJ. So where has the
> other 25uJ gone?
> 
> Cheers, Jim Moritz
> 73 de M0BMU
> 
> 
> 
> 



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Can tell you come from a university background Jim, do you ask that of 
applicants for courses at herts.ac?
I was asked exactly the same question when applying for Southampton Uni. in 
1976.

Andy  G4JNT

-----Original Message-----
From:	James Moritz [SMTP:j.r.moritz@herts.ac.uk]
Sent:	2002/11/08 11:52
To:	rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject:	Re: LF: To Ponder over the weekend

Dear Andy, LF group,

At 09:38 08/11/2002 +0000, you wrote:
>This simple puzzle caused more discussion in my office this morning than it
>had any right to....

Here is another conundrum along similar lines - you have two identical,
loss-free 1uF capacitors, one is charged to 10V, the other is discharged.
You then connect the two in parallel so the total C is now 2uF - charge
will flow from the charged capacitor into the discharged capacitor.
Assuming charge Q is conserved, and that Q=CV, the voltage must now be 5V.
But the stored energy in a capacitor =1/2CV^2, so with the single charged
capacitor, the stored energy is 1/2 x 1u x 100 = 50uJ, while with both
capacitors in parallel it is only 1/2 x 2u x 25 = 25uJ. So where has the
other 25uJ gone?

Cheers, Jim Moritz
73 de M0BMU




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From: "Steve Thompson" <steve@eltac.co.uk>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
References: <7D653C9C42F5D411A27C00508BF8803DCB9CBB@mail.dstl.gov.uk> <001c01c28711$8b3b2c60$56947ad5@jackie> <002201c2871d$d8accd80$0504210a@c.scope>
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----- Original Message -----
From: g6tmk <g6tmk@thersgb.net>
To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: 08 November 2002 11:53
Subject: LF: Re: Re: To Ponder over the weekend


> It's easier to imagine work done in hauling out a thin piece of plastic
from
> between two charged plates rather than sucking out some liquid - does the
> liquid oil stick between the plates like a strong surface tension ?
> Hugh
It might or might not, that's beyond my physics without digging out a
textbook. Even if it doesn't, energy has to be expended in moving it.

Steve

>
> >
> > At a guess, the stored charge doesn't change, so the voltage will.
Energy
> > has to be put into the system to move the oil, therefore the stored
energy
> > can increase.
> >
> > Am I close?
> >
> > Steve
> >
> >
> >
> >
>
>
>



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "g6tmk" <g6tmk@thersgb.net>
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References: <7D653C9C42F5D411A27C00508BF8803DCB9CBB@mail.dstl.gov.uk> <000701c28713$e15270c0$0504210a@c.scope> <005201c28723$9fbd8cc0$c12565d5@oemcomputer>
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You can measure viscosity by measuing the time taken for oil to drain
through a tube ( at least I've always assumed that's why heating oil is
graded in "seconds")
I wonder if you could measure capacitance (or charge) be measuing the time
taken for oil to drain out from between the vanes of a capacitor ?
There are probably less messy ways of measuring it :-)
Hugh

PS Yes, we had a KiloVolt meter like a free-turning variable capacitor in
the school physics lab I remember ...

----- Original Message -----
From: "Johan Bodin" <sm6lkm.jbeab@swipnet.se>
To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: Friday, November 08, 2002 12:36 PM
Subject: LF: Re: Re: To Ponder over the weekend


g6tmk wrote:

> My guess is the 10uF capacitor becomes 1uF and the voltage rises to 100V.

That's my guess too, but... W [stored energy] = V^2*C / 2:

With oil: V=10V, C=10u => W = 10*10*10u / 2 = 500 uJ
Without oil: V=100V, C=1u => W = 100*100*1u / 2 = 5000 uJ

Assuming that no charge goes away with the oil, the stored energy
will increase by a factor of ten. Hmm... Force * distance = energy.
When gravity pulls the oil away from the plates, the oil has to fight
against an electrostatic force thereby injecting energy into the
capacitor, I guess...

Will a charged air variable capacitor try to turn itself towards
the maximum setting? :-)

73
Johan SM6LKM













From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Alexander S. Yurkov" <fitec@omskcity.com>
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> When C decreases from 10 uF to 1 uF voltage increases from 10 V to 100 V
> So energy E=C*U^2/2 changes from 1e-5*10*10/2=0.5e-3 J to 1e-6*100*100/2=
> 0.5e-2 J. Where did extra energy come from? To drain oil one SHOULD work!
> Oil is ATRACTED to space betwin plates by electric field! Do drain it
> extra energy is needed. For example the energy of gravity... So this is
> a machine converted mecanical energy to electrical energy. It is known
> some devises worked in such a way (Von de Graaf geneator, there is some
> analogy)...

Also it is known electrostatic pump, worked in oposite way...
It is very similar to oil drained from capasitor, but there oil is
atracted TO space betwin plates and electric energy is converted to
mecanical one...
Good oldfashoned phisics. I like it...

73 de RA9MB/Alex
http://www.qsl.net/ra9mb




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On Fri, 8 Nov 2002, James Moritz wrote:

> Here is another conundrum along similar lines - you have two identical, 
> loss-free 1uF capacitors, one is charged to 10V, the other is discharged. 
> You then connect the two in parallel so the total C is now 2uF - charge 
> will flow from the charged capacitor into the discharged capacitor. 
> Assuming charge Q is conserved, and that Q=CV, the voltage must now be 5V. 
> But the stored energy in a capacitor =1/2CV^2, so with the single charged 
> capacitor, the stored energy is 1/2 x 1u x 100 = 50uJ, while with both 
> capacitors in parallel it is only 1/2 x 2u x 25 = 25uJ. So where has the 
> other 25uJ gone?


It is radiated or converted to heat. If there is no any losses (ideal
case) 25uJ is energe of magnetic field (there should be continously
oscilation if there is no disipation...)

But I do not think this is analogy to drained oil...


73 de RA9MB/Alex
http://www.qsl.net/ra9mb




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ha ha
Yes, you said 25µJ per capacitor.....

73
Jan-Martin, LA8AK

-----Opprinnelig melding-----
Fra: James Moritz [mailto:j.r.moritz@herts.ac.uk]
Sendt: 8. november 2002 12:52
Til: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Emne: Re: LF: To Ponder over the weekend


Dear Andy, LF group,

At 09:38 08/11/2002 +0000, you wrote:
>This simple puzzle caused more discussion in my office this morning than it
>had any right to....

Here is another conundrum along similar lines - you have two identical, 
loss-free 1uF capacitors, one is charged to 10V, the other is discharged. 
You then connect the two in parallel so the total C is now 2uF - charge 
will flow from the charged capacitor into the discharged capacitor. 
Assuming charge Q is conserved, and that Q=CV, the voltage must now be 5V. 
But the stored energy in a capacitor =1/2CV^2, so with the single charged 
capacitor, the stored energy is 1/2 x 1u x 100 = 50uJ, while with both 
capacitors in parallel it is only 1/2 x 2u x 25 = 25uJ. So where has the 
other 25uJ gone?

Cheers, Jim Moritz
73 de M0BMU




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "lloyd chastant" <chastant@smart.net>
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References: <5.1.0.14.0.20021107173202.00aab6f8@gemini.herts.ac.uk> <3DCB1DFA.6DFC618@att.net>
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I've done pretty much the same as Dex and have had similiar results..I
routinely look at 77.5 and 75.0 with Argo set at QRSS10 and see how those
are coming through..They seem to be copyable here fairly regular..In the
evenings I often check the AM frequencies-152,163,173(all approximately)and
have been hearing those lately , sometimes fairly nice..
de Lloyd W3NF Maryland FM19MH
----- Original Message -----
From: "Dexter McIntyre W4DEX" <dmcintyre@att.net>
To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: Thursday, November 07, 2002 9:14 PM
Subject: LF: HGB 75 KHz in North Carolina


>
>
> James Moritz wrote:
> >
> > It might be worth stateside listeners monitoring levels of
> > government/utility signals near 73kHz, eg. the Rugby 73.25kHz FSK, HBG
time
> > signal on 75kHz, DCF77 time signal on 77.5kHz, to get a handle on
> > trans-atlantic conditions.
> >
>
>
> I monitored HGB some last season but never documented the results.  This
> was mainly due to antenna changes and the varying received signal
> strengths as the tunable preamp is tuned.  I think I need to dedicate an
> antenna just for this purpose in order to make meaningful reports.
>
> I recall trying to get enough signal for "radio clock" to sync on HBG
> but I don't recall ever being successful.  Tonight, and even before
> sunset, I have had enough signal for "radio clock" to decode and display
> the time.  I am presently receiving with a tuned, 3.3 meter, octagon
> loop and a balanced preamp.
>
> W4DEX



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Alexander S. Yurkov" <fitec@omskcity.com>
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> 
> Will a charged air variable capacitor try to turn itself towards
> the maximum setting? :-)

Yes, of cose! Remember electrostatic voltmeter.
It is a variable capasitor with pointer and elastic someone ( I do not
know how it is in English)...

73 de RA9MB/Alex
http://www.qsl.net/ra9mb




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Fri, 08 Nov 2002 11:51:38 +0000
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Dear Andy, LF group,

At 09:38 08/11/2002 +0000, you wrote:
>This simple puzzle caused more discussion in my office this morning than it
>had any right to....

Here is another conundrum along similar lines - you have two identical, 
loss-free 1uF capacitors, one is charged to 10V, the other is discharged. 
You then connect the two in parallel so the total C is now 2uF - charge 
will flow from the charged capacitor into the discharged capacitor. 
Assuming charge Q is conserved, and that Q=CV, the voltage must now be 5V. 
But the stored energy in a capacitor =1/2CV^2, so with the single charged 
capacitor, the stored energy is 1/2 x 1u x 100 = 50uJ, while with both 
capacitors in parallel it is only 1/2 x 2u x 25 = 25uJ. So where has the 
other 25uJ gone?

Cheers, Jim Moritz
73 de M0BMU



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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g6tmk wrote:

> My guess is the 10uF capacitor becomes 1uF and the voltage rises to 100V.

That's my guess too, but... W [stored energy] = V^2*C / 2:

With oil: V=10V, C=10u => W = 10*10*10u / 2 = 500 uJ
Without oil: V=100V, C=1u => W = 100*100*1u / 2 = 5000 uJ

Assuming that no charge goes away with the oil, the stored energy
will increase by a factor of ten. Hmm... Force * distance = energy.
When gravity pulls the oil away from the plates, the oil has to fight
against an electrostatic force thereby injecting energy into the
capacitor, I guess...

Will a charged air variable capacitor try to turn itself towards
the maximum setting? :-)

73
Johan SM6LKM









From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Hi, Andrew and Group.


On Fri, 8 Nov 2002, Talbot Andrew wrote:

> An oil filled capacitor consists of two plates separated by a dielectric
> made of oil with a dielectric constant of 10.  The capacitance is 10uF and
> it is charged to 10V.  The oil is drained, leaving air between the plates.
> the capacitance falls to 1uF.  Does the stored energy level change?.  If so,
> where did the extra energy come from or go to?


This is simple - hi...

When C decreases from 10 uF to 1 uF voltage increases from 10 V to 100 V
So energy E=C*U^2/2 changes from 1e-5*10*10/2=0.5e-3 J to 1e-6*100*100/2=
0.5e-2 J. Where did extra energy come from? To drain oil one SHOULD work!
Oil is ATRACTED to space betwin plates by electric field! Do drain it
extra energy is needed. For example the energy of gravity... So this is
a machine converted mecanical energy to electrical energy. It is known
some devises worked in such a way (Von de Graaf geneator, there is some
analogy)...


73 de RA9MB/Alex
http://www.qsl.net/ra9mb




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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It's easier to imagine work done in hauling out a thin piece of plastic from
between two charged plates rather than sucking out some liquid - does the
liquid oil stick between the plates like a strong surface tension ?
Hugh

>
> At a guess, the stored charge doesn't change, so the voltage will. Energy
> has to be put into the system to move the oil, therefore the stored energy
> can increase.
>
> Am I close?
>
> Steve
>
>
>
>



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Assuming the charge doesn't drain out with the oil, then, for the
relationship Q=CV to be maintained, the voltage must rise to compensate for
the loss of capacitance.
My guess is the 10uF capacitor becomes 1uF and the voltage rises to 100V.

I looked for the answer, upside down, at the bottom of the page ... but it
wasn't there...

73
Hugh M0WYE



----- Original Message -----
From: "Talbot Andrew" <ACTALBOT@mail.dstl.gov.uk>
To: "LF Group (E-mail)" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: Friday, November 08, 2002 9:38 AM
Subject: LF: To Ponder over the weekend


> This simple puzzle caused more discussion in my office this morning than
it
> had any right to.   Have a ponder while waiting for next QRSS symbol to
come
> through.
>
> Andy G4JNT
>
> --------------------------------------------
> >From Circuit Cellar magazine, Nov 2002
>
> An oil filled capacitor consists of two plates separated by a dielectric
> made of oil with a dielectric constant of 10.  The capacitance is 10uF and
> it is charged to 10V.  The oil is drained, leaving air between the plates.
> the capacitance falls to 1uF.  Does the stored energy level change?.  If
so,
> where did the extra energy come from or go to?
>
> --------------------------------------------
>
> "This e-mail is intended for the recipient only.  If you are not the
> intended recipient you must not use, disclose, distribute, copy, print,
> or rely upon this e-mail. If an addressing or transmission error has
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>
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>
>
>



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From: "Steve Thompson" <steve@eltac.co.uk>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
References: <7D653C9C42F5D411A27C00508BF8803DCB9CBB@mail.dstl.gov.uk>
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----- Original Message -----
From: Talbot Andrew <ACTALBOT@mail.dstl.gov.uk>
To: LF Group (E-mail) <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: 08 November 2002 09:38
Subject: LF: To Ponder over the weekend


> This simple puzzle caused more discussion in my office this morning than
it
> had any right to.   Have a ponder while waiting for next QRSS symbol to
come
> through.
>
> Andy G4JNT
>
> --------------------------------------------
> From Circuit Cellar magazine, Nov 2002
>
> An oil filled capacitor consists of two plates separated by a dielectric
> made of oil with a dielectric constant of 10.  The capacitance is 10uF and
> it is charged to 10V.  The oil is drained, leaving air between the plates.
> the capacitance falls to 1uF.  Does the stored energy level change?.  If
so,
> where did the extra energy come from or go to?
At a guess, the stored charge doesn't change, so the voltage will. Energy
has to be put into the system to move the oil, therefore the stored energy
can increase.

Am I close?

Steve



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From: "Laurie Mayhead" <laurie@g3aqc.freeserve.co.uk>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Date: Fri, 8 Nov 2002 09:50:45 -0000
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Thanks to John and Dex also W1VD and WB3ANQ for looking for my signals on
6/7 Nov.
The Kp index was rather high that night ie3-4 and in my experience this too
high.Our 2001 crossing was made 15 days after an X class flare and following
CME-but the index was low about 1/2.
There was an X flare on 31Oct but no earth facing CME.
If the index drops in the next day or two I will try again,if not the next
opportunity may be around 14 Nov.
There is no doubt that a successful crossing requires a rare combination of
events Hi.
73 Laurie.



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From: "Laurie Mayhead" <laurie@g3aqc.freeserve.co.uk>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
References: <5.1.0.14.0.20021106141503.00a91878@gemini.herts.ac.uk> <000b01c285bc$6409b9a0$ea00a8c0@f3a3a2> <001f01c285bc$85986c60$f52cfd3e@default>
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----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Tracey Gardner" <tracey.gardner@ntlworld.com>
To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: Wednesday, November 06, 2002 5:47 PM
Subject: Re: LF: Re. 73kHz contact


> Hello Laurie
> 
> How are the SPM19s going?
> 
> Tracey
> 
> Still negotiating !!!
Laurie.
> 
> 



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Good signals from Ed's 10W ERP beacon this morning.

Full report of what I saw, and URL of pics, to follow.

Mike, G3XDV
http://www.lf.thersgb.net
====================





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This simple puzzle caused more discussion in my office this morning than it
had any right to.   Have a ponder while waiting for next QRSS symbol to come
through.

Andy G4JNT
 
--------------------------------------------
>From Circuit Cellar magazine, Nov 2002

An oil filled capacitor consists of two plates separated by a dielectric
made of oil with a dielectric constant of 10.  The capacitance is 10uF and
it is charged to 10V.  The oil is drained, leaving air between the plates.
the capacitance falls to 1uF.  Does the stored energy level change?.  If so,
where did the extra energy come from or go to?
 
--------------------------------------------

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"Recipients should note that all e-mail traffic on MOD systems is
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Subject: LF: HGB 75 KHz in North Carolina
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James Moritz wrote:
> 
> It might be worth stateside listeners monitoring levels of
> government/utility signals near 73kHz, eg. the Rugby 73.25kHz FSK, HBG time
> signal on 75kHz, DCF77 time signal on 77.5kHz, to get a handle on
> trans-atlantic conditions.
> 


I monitored HGB some last season but never documented the results.  This
was mainly due to antenna changes and the varying received signal
strengths as the tunable preamp is tuned.  I think I need to dedicate an
antenna just for this purpose in order to make meaningful reports.

I recall trying to get enough signal for "radio clock" to sync on HBG
but I don't recall ever being successful.  Tonight, and even before
sunset, I have had enough signal for "radio clock" to decode and display
the time.  I am presently receiving with a tuned, 3.3 meter, octagon
loop and a balanced preamp.

W4DEX


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Peter,

> I was transmitting on what my DDS unit said was 72.400. EA1PX measured it
as
> 72.40031. I was transmitting from 2300 until 0012.

I double-checked the captures -- nothing visible. Next time!

John Andrews



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From: "g3ldo" <g3ldo@ukonline.co.uk>
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Subject: LF: 73kHz/136kHz X-band
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This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
--------------050308090702030709030402
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=windows-1252; format=flowed
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

Had a successful 73kHz/136kHz crossband with EA1PX starting at 0800 this
morning.
To start with Jose's signals were only readability T but improved by the
time the QSO finished as shown on the attachment.


Regards,
Peter, G3LDO

e-mail <g3ldo@ukonline.co.uk>

Web <http://web.ukonline.co.uk/g3ldo>

>





--------------050308090702030709030402
Content-Type: image/jpeg;
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Disposition: inline;
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/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAgAAAQABAAD/4AhKSkZYWAATQAsTHUcHEEAQGEYWHUIhJkwAACcOEj4A
ADoKElIAADUDCykAAzYeJFEMGC0FDjYJDk4eJmgAADYAChcCDRoABS4CCDMbH1cAATkECzEL
D0UABS4AAx8ACCYAAB0HDTAABR4AADQEDEMABTIJEUElKVcECTgeJmgTGlEWIksyO3k1Oo0K
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CD8ECkMMFT0OFFcAA04CCDUACDQAADsAACoOFkMGCkIEDEwDAj8HC0MXHE8MEUAoL3kCDT4A
AC8ABEgVHWEABjEAADseKG80OH4AADkUGVoFCVECCEMABzwUG1IaIVYID0QGC0shKWMFDEsp
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AEQNE04YHFQkK2sLEk8ID08DC0UOFVRGSqIAB0cYH2cPE1kBCUkXHWQjKWYMEk8BBzICBzoD
CEgcH10LDUQpKXARE00fKmsICVMQDzgKEVAGDFMAAlcSGVAAACQAAEwJD1QiJl4TG18BCU0A
ADJharYAC14AAD4eKGxZY6ktMWcJDj0XGlQcKWYgJ3EAADUFDT0ACj8ABDsAAE0SFVMACjcA
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--------------050308090702030709030402--

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "g3ldo" <g3ldo@ukonline.co.uk>
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References: <5.1.0.14.0.20021107102205.00af6248@gemini.herts.ac.uk> <001c01c28654$8fbe8d80$0500a8c0@charter.net>
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John Andrews, W1TAG said



> I watched 72.400 - 72.4015 last night from 2245 until 0230, and nothing
> definite was seen. There was a weak signal approximately 0.1 Hz lower than
> 72.401, but I would assume that it wasn't Laurie.
>

I was transmitting on what my DDS unit said was 72.400. EA1PX measured it as
72.40031. I was transmitting from 2300 until 0012.

Regards,
Peter, G3LDO

e-mail <g3ldo@ukonline.co.uk>

Web <http://web.ukonline.co.uk/g3ldo>




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From: "Laurie Mayhead" <laurie@g3aqc.freeserve.co.uk>
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Thanks to all who listened last night,conditions were not good.
I will not transmit tonight,but will advise when things look better. 
73 Laurie.



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Alan Melia said


> Hi Peter I note your replacement of the sealed batteries in the UPS with
old
> car batteries. The UPS will charge them correctly but the car batteries
will
> produce hydrogen, I believe, even on a maintenance charge. The sealed
> batteries are designed not to produce hydrogen (by careful design of the
> electrode sizes) unless maltreated ( then they bulge alarmingly ). I know
> your shack is in an extension and hope it is well ventilated.

The UPS batteries have been used to power the Decca transmitter until
replaced with car batteries. The problem with these batteries is that they
do not have enough capacity even though they are float charged. The charger
will run the transmitter without the batteries but the hum level is high.
The car batteries produce a much 'stiffer' supply and the power is higher,
especially when transmitting QRS.
The batteries are located in the garden shed together with the transmitter
so there is inherent ventilation. The batteries bubble quite a bit and I do
take the point about safety. I am considering locating them in a wooden box
outside the shed.
Regards,
Peter, G3LDO

e-mail <g3ldo@ukonline.co.uk>

Web <http://web.ukonline.co.uk/g3ldo>






From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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At 17:18 07/11/2002 +0000, you wrote:
>Thanks to all who listened last night,conditions were not good.
>I will not transmit tonight,but will advise when things look better.
>73 Laurie.

Dear LF Group,

It might be worth stateside listeners monitoring levels of 
government/utility signals near 73kHz, eg. the Rugby 73.25kHz FSK, HBG time 
signal on 75kHz, DCF77 time signal on 77.5kHz, to get a handle on 
trans-atlantic conditions.

Cheers, Jim Moritz
73 de M0BMU



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Jose, Laurie,

>but captured one time as "XQC", on 72400.90 Hz - QRSS120.

Then W1VD and I (and possibly WB3ANQ) may have seen a fragment of that
signal. I was expecting something closer to 72401.0. At my QTH, there was
one very clear dot on the 00:00 UTC screen, and some unidentifiable stuff on
both sides. At 0200, I noted that a line of activity could be seen as I
walked into the shack. NG if you stared at it. You had to use what the
telescope guys call "averted vision." Nothing readable, in any case.

John Andrews, W1TAG



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Subject: LF: Re: Re: 73kHz/136kHz Last night
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Hi John:

I captured last night T/A signals and G3LDO transmitted "LDO" on
72400.31Hz-QRSS60 and the other station, I assume Laurie, but captured one
time as "XQC", on 72400.90 Hz - QRSS120.

73, José - EA1PX


----- Original Message -----
From: "John Andrews" <w1tag@charter.net>
To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: Thursday, November 07, 2002 12:55 PM
Subject: LF: Re: 73kHz/136kHz Last night


> I watched 72.400 - 72.4015 last night from 2245 until 0230, and nothing
> definite was seen. There was a weak signal approximately 0.1 Hz lower than
> 72.401, but I would assume that it wasn't Laurie.
>
> John Andrews, W1TAG
>
>
>




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Subject: Re: LF: Re: 73kHz/136kHz Last night
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John Andrews wrote:
> 
> I watched 72.400 - 72.4015 last night from 2245 until 0230, and nothing
> definite was seen.


I ran all night watching the same window.  Nothing seen.  QRN was
noticeable but not real bad.  

Dex


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Hi, Group.

There is some info from RU6LA. Last night Ed has 'M' copy G3AQC on 73 kHz.
He used 1500 m Baveradge antenna. Also he had some problem with TX antenna
due to strong snow. Hope TX ANT will be repaired today and Ed'll
transmit on 137 this night.

Also I often see some carier on 137.390 kHz. Some times I see it is 
on/off but no any reasonable coding. I wonder what can it be?


73 de RA9MB/Alex
http://www.qsl.net/ra9mb




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Andy,

> Did anyone take part in the ARRL Frequency Measurement tests early this
> morning ?

Yes, but I have the opposite problem -- I'm too close! The 20 and 15 meter
signals were pretty weak. There was a lot of Doppler spread on the 40, 20
and 15 meter transmissions, and even 80 was fairly broad. Interestingly,
things were a lot cleaner the night before.

John Andrews, W1TAG




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I watched 72.400 - 72.4015 last night from 2245 until 0230, and nothing
definite was seen. There was a weak signal approximately 0.1 Hz lower than
72.401, but I would assume that it wasn't Laurie.

John Andrews, W1TAG



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I ran Argo all night and saw Ed's signals just once. Here's the log (reports
in brackets):

Monitoring from 1800UTC 6 Nov to 0830 7 Nov. QRN quite bad for the time of
year.Also bad Luxembourg effect.

2153: QRSS3, F6BWO calling CQ ('O').

2215: QRSS10, "WX"? ('O'), followed by QRSS3, "G3AQC ... RU6L.." ('O' fading
to 'M' by 2232 and disappearing at 2232: before the callsign ended).

2241: Two stations using QRSS3, both 'O': One was so blurred that I could
not read anything. The other was IK5ZPV.

2249: Very strong QRSS3 station - AGC action prevented callsign being
readable.

2350: Luxembourg effect disappeared. QRN still bad.

0055: QRN peaks almost continuous.

0400: Another peak of QRN.

0440: Another peak of QRN. Something seen on 137.7kHz but too much noise.

0548: QRN reduced. 0824: Weak QRSS3 ('M' to 'T'), probably IZ5ZPV.

Some Argo captures can be seen at
http://www.lf.thersgb.net/transcontinental/2002-3/

Mike, G3XDV
http://www.lf.thersgb.net
====================




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Dear LF Group,

I transmitted on 71.752kHz between about 1900 and 2100 last night - at 
least it proves the TX, loading coil etc. is still in working order! ERP 
would have been around 100mW. No response was seen on 137.7kHz during this 
period. Afterwards, I had a CW QSO with G3AQC; Laurie was 589 with me and 
undoubtedly has the strongest signal on the band at the moment. Then I 
changed frequency to 137.7kHz, and eventually saw tuning-up type signals 
from RU6LA, followed by a single CQ call from Ed at around 2240. I replied 
to this, but no further signals were seen.

Thanks for the reports,

Cheers, Jim Moritz
73 de M0BMU



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Did anyone take part in the ARRL Frequency Measurement tests early this
morning ?

The 3.5 and 7 MHz transmissions were clearly audible at my QTH, but
unfortunately not the 14MHz or 21MHz ones.  Managed to determine the
frequencies of each to within 0.05Hz accuarcy, but that of course is subject
to any ionosheric Doppler shift - but both signals did seem specularly quite
'clean'

Andy  G4JNT


 

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Hi Ed, hi Jim,

saw u on screen. see attachment.

Ed,  ur signs are underlined by A0. guess it is the driver output.
do you key the PA and all other stages of the tx are driven continuously ?

regards

Uwe/dj8wx
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From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Dexter McIntyre W4DEX said

> I'll we watching the 72.4000 to 72.4015 window tonight.  Presently all
> is clear within that range.  QRN here is now moderate from a front off
> the coast but hopefully will subside after dark.

I have been out this evening so missed the start of the fun

I am transmitting now 'LDO' on 72.4000 at 2300UTC. I will be on until about
midnight.

I have a tentitive LF crossband sked with EA1PX in the morning around 0800.
I will be on 71.7kHHz and Jose on 137.702kHz.

Regards,
Peter, G3LDO

e-mail <g3ldo@ukonline.co.uk>

Web <http://web.ukonline.co.uk/g3ldo>







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From: "Ian Kyle" <ian.gi8ayz@virgin.net>
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Horrible noises tonight on 73, and even Lauries signal not great. Followed
by G0BMU, JPEG attached.

Should be ready  to test for radiation this weekend, if only with hand speed
Morse.

73,

Ian  MI0AYZ




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Laurie Mayhead" <laurie@g3aqc.freeserve.co.uk>
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Hi John and Dex,
Nothing heard from RU6LA,so I will start earlier than intended,say in 20
mins ie 22:00 UTC.Should be dark over there I guess.Will run until about
06:00 tomorrow.
Freq. 72.401kHz, QRSS 120 sending only AQC repeated.
Thanks and good wishes.

For John Davies,
I am also not too keen on conditions at the moment but will check tomorrow
and advise. Next possible window about 14 Nov.
73 Laurie.




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Dexter McIntyre W4DEX" <dmcintyre@att.net>
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Subject: Re: LF: 73kHz T/A Tonight
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I'll we watching the 72.4000 to 72.4015 window tonight.  Presently all
is clear within that range.  QRN here is now moderate from a front off
the coast but hopefully will subside after dark.

W4DEX

Laurie Mayhead wrote:
> 
> Hi John and All,
> I am not entirely convinced about condx for tonight,
> however its worth a try.Hope you will be able to listen/look.
> Freq 72.401kHz, Mode QRSS 120sec elements.
> Start time 22:30 finish 07:00 UTC.
> 73 Laurie.


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: =?iso-8859-1?Q?Jos=E9_Manuel?= <jpradoe@nexo.es>
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Hi Laurie and all:

I didn´t see any signal on 71.750 KHz. I´ll try again at 22.30, perhaps
there will be better conditions.

73, José- EA1PX


----- Original Message -----
From: "Laurie Mayhead" <laurie@g3aqc.freeserve.co.uk>
To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: Wednesday, November 06, 2002 8:59 PM
Subject: LF: 73 kHz, Tonight


> Hi Jose,
> Yes transmitting on 71.75 QRSS10 19:00 to 19:45
> going to QRSS 30 from 20:00 73 Laurie
>
>
>




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Hi Jose,
Yes transmitting on 71.75 QRSS10 19:00 to 19:45
going to QRSS 30 from 20:00 73 Laurie



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Hi all:

Is Laurie on the air?

73, José-EA1PX

----- Original Message -----
From: "Laurie Mayhead" <laurie@g3aqc.freeserve.co.uk>
To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: Wednesday, November 06, 2002 6:44 PM
Subject: Re: LF: Re. 73kHz contact


>
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: "James Moritz" <j.r.moritz@herts.ac.uk>
> To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
> Sent: Wednesday, November 06, 2002 2:34 PM
> Subject: Re: LF: Re. 73kHz contact
>
>
> > Dear LF Group,
> >
> > I hope to join in the 73kHz fun and games tonight, assuming everything
is
> > still in working order... I will fit myself in somewhere near 71.75kHz
> with
> > QRSS.
> >
> > Cheers, Jim Moritz
> > 73 de M0BMU
> >
> > Hi Jim and all,
> Just to make things clear I am going to use 72.401 for the T/A attempt.You
> are very welcome to fit in close to this freq. Confusion probably due to
> choice of 71.75 for  attempt with RU6LA earlier this evening.
> Hope all now clear. 73 Laurie.
> >
>
>




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Tracey Gardner" <tracey.gardner@ntlworld.com>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
References: <5.1.0.14.0.20021106141503.00a91878@gemini.herts.ac.uk> <000b01c285bc$6409b9a0$ea00a8c0@f3a3a2>
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Hello Laurie

How are the SPM19s going?

Tracey




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----- Original Message -----
From: "James Moritz" <j.r.moritz@herts.ac.uk>
To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: Wednesday, November 06, 2002 2:34 PM
Subject: Re: LF: Re. 73kHz contact


> Dear LF Group,
>
> I hope to join in the 73kHz fun and games tonight, assuming everything is
> still in working order... I will fit myself in somewhere near 71.75kHz
with
> QRSS.
>
> Cheers, Jim Moritz
> 73 de M0BMU
>
> Hi Jim and all,
Just to make things clear I am going to use 72.401 for the T/A attempt.You
are very welcome to fit in close to this freq. Confusion probably due to
choice of 71.75 for  attempt with RU6LA earlier this evening.
Hope all now clear. 73 Laurie.
>



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Hi Jim and Group:

Will you transmit for T/A test or for possible 73/137 crossband QSO?

73, José, EA1PX

----- Original Message -----
From: "James Moritz" <j.r.moritz@herts.ac.uk>
To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: Wednesday, November 06, 2002 3:34 PM
Subject: Re: LF: Re. 73kHz contact


> Dear LF Group,
>
> I hope to join in the 73kHz fun and games tonight, assuming everything is
> still in working order... I will fit myself in somewhere near 71.75kHz
with
> QRSS.
>
> Cheers, Jim Moritz
> 73 de M0BMU
>
>
>




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Jim,

> I hope to join in the 73kHz fun and games tonight, assuming everything is
> still in working order... I will fit myself in somewhere near 71.75kHz
with
> QRSS.

Unfortunately, due to the 2 Hz BW of the ARGO 120 sec screen, I'll probably
not see you!

John Andrews, W1TAG



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Dear LF Group,

I hope to join in the 73kHz fun and games tonight, assuming everything is 
still in working order... I will fit myself in somewhere near 71.75kHz with 
QRSS.

Cheers, Jim Moritz
73 de M0BMU



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Laurie Mayhead" <laurie@g3aqc.freeserve.co.uk>
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Hi John and All,
I am not entirely convinced about condx for tonight,
however its worth a try.Hope you will be able to listen/look.
Freq 72.401kHz, Mode QRSS 120sec elements.
Start time 22:30 finish 07:00 UTC.
73 Laurie.



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Laurie,

> Freq 72.401kHz, Mode QRSS 120sec elements.
> Start time 22:30 finish 07:00 UTC.

I can commit to 2230 - 0230, but will have other uses for the receiver
after that (unless things are going REALLY well!)

John Andrews, W1TAG



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Hi Ed,
I confirm that I will call you on 71.75kHz  QRSS 10 from 19:00UTC and QRSS
30 from 20:00UTC. I will listen for your transmissions on 137.7kHz QRSS3 (or
QRSS1).
Many thanks and best wishes.
73 Laurie.




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: =?iso-8859-1?Q?K=F6lpin_Thomas?= <th.koelpin@fh-amberg-weiden.de>
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Dear LF-Group!

Having read all your interesting discussions since mid 1999 and now
being active on lf again I´d like to introduce myself to the group.

My name is Thomas "Tom" Koelpin. In 1966 I got my license with the
callsign DK1IS at the age of 17. From the beginning I´ve been QRV mostly
in CW on the HF-bands with the usual periods of reduced activity due to
study, job and family. Now I´m married and we have two sons, both
currently students. Since 1981 we have lived in Amberg, a town in
Eastarn Bavaria, about 60 km east of Nuremberg, locator JN59WK. After 17
years of working in the electrical industry I changed to the newly
Amberg University of Applied Sciences in 1998 as a Professor of
Electrical Engineering.

In early 1999 DK1IS was the first lf-station in Eastarn Bavaria, then
with a loop antenna covering the garden and half of our terrace house.
In spite of this I had a lot of nice contacts, mostly regional, the ODX
was about 530 km. In 2001 we changed homes, it´s a terrace house again
but with wonderful neighbours, much more space in the backyard and
incredible low ground resistance ...  After one month of fresh activity
ODX was raised to 1540 km thanks Reino, OH5UFO. I´d be glad to work all
your famous calls in the next future!

Rig here:

HF:
TS-950SD from Kenwood

LF:
Receiver RX 1001, Exciter EX 1001, both from Hagenuk
Exciter running at 136 kHz at present, will be changed to 13,6 MHz with
additional divider-by-100 to reach 1-Hz-steps on lf
Homemade MOSFET-PA 2xBUK416 push-pull class AB, transformer coupled, 200
W RF max. at 12 V DC (was planned for portable use ...)

Antennas:
Vertical helix, 8 m for 7 - 30 MHz
Marconi-T, 11m high, 33 m top load with 4 wires, 3 m wide for lf and hf,

C = 660 pF, R = 24 Ohms, measured at 136 kHz
Antennas remote selected and fed from the shack via 3 vacuum relais and
2 lines of RG 213, 25 m each.

Couplers:
HF: Harris RF-615B in the arbour ("tuning house")
LF: Two Hagenuk-mf-variometer tuners 120 - 550 uH,
one piece in the shack for fine tuning the lf band (combined with PA),
one piece with ferrite autotransformer input in the arbour for coarse
tuning with additional homemade honeycomb loading coil, L = 1,75 mH, Q =
540.

Ground:
3 bare copper wires 6 m, buried 20 cm below the lawn with ground rods 1
m at each end + 2 ground rods 3 m + mains ground + water pipe system +
all metal stuctures at the terrace side of the house.

For further informations and a picture of DK1IS please have a look at
www.qrz.com

Vy 73, good luck for all of you
es hpe to cuagn on lf!

Tom, DK1IS





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On 5 Nov 2002 at 15:06, Ed Lesnichy wrote:

> I  am  not sure, that I can hear 100w/dipol CW on 40Í from Europe at
> the night on my 160m Quad and during the next weekend's contest
> (I have noticed it in time CQ WW SSB, listening Europe on 3el full size 40m
> beam from another QTH) I remind, that up to Europe from me abt 2000-3600 kms
> But I plan to make the good 40m aerial on a Machta in the future

Well I can work quite easily into Russia on 40m CW with my K2 running 
5W into a long wire, so don't dismiss it.

Next weekend's contest is the OK/OM contest, not sure how much this 
will make 40m difficult. CQWW SSB of course was two weeks ago.

Regret I shall not be listening, the rig is still packed away but 
hope to resurrect it soon.

73s Dave G3YMC

dsergeant@iee.org
dsergeant@btinternet.com
http://www.dsergeant.btinternet.co.uk




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Subject: LF: Nov 6-10 UA6-activity #2
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Hello LF_Group!

I take with myself Cushcraft R7000. I will be RX therefore and QSX 7024
in night time (3533 primary), but antenna-switchboard is not present.

Today there was a first snow, -3 C  - winter began! QRN is SK ???

At 13z I leave to a Machta.

73! Ed RU6LA   ed@dx.ru



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From: jan-martin.noding@telenor.com
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
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Subject: LF: Re: Re: Re: Siemens D2006 Selective Level Meter/Pegelmesser
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This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
--------------080508050307030107040503
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Hi

Here is the small 6kB file showing the circuit diagram for the modification.
The board "S45035-D5142-.."(Ausgangsteil) has a simple BJT product detector and 
BFO. The BFO frequency is tuned with 2250pF and it is shifted by S4, possibly 
shifting it 1.85 below and above 100kHz as the switch is set to left or right. When 
the 250pF is grounded it is LOW and when it has the two external 
capacitors (above the switch on the front) in series it is HIGH.

The unmarked capacitors above the switch behind the front are 25pF styroflex and 25pf 
air trimmer, I measured 41pF, but don't always rely on the instrument, and to the 
calculation you may add some 50pF for the PTFE-cable.

Remove all plates and screws and when you still can't find a way to start modifications, 
you should read the instructions, Chapter 4, MAINTENANCE - 
only to discover that you can just as well put back some of the screws again and 
remove the upper unbrako type screws instead - to slide the upper unit backwards.
It was a fight to remove the front plate, but it went after all. Careful with all those
terribly small 2.5mm screws, nuts and washers!

First I thought of a capacitor, but it must be small enough and isolated 
from ground behind the front plate. A better idea is a varicap diode 
(BB112 or BB130), but diode must be shorted for USB, 
it demanded a potmeter with an NC-switch and they are rare, so I decided 
use a switch with 4 positions instead. An alternative is to forward bias the varicap 
as a switching type.

Mounted 3 trimmers and fixed value capacitors in sort of dead-bug style 
(45° angle backwards)on a bracket with pcb laminate where the old capacitors had been.
The 4 positions are now:
1. Shorted coax cable as earlier CCW (LEFT) with 1850Hz pitch for 80Hz filter.
2. 470pf+270pf + 100pf trimmer - to tune one sideband with 500-800Hz pitch
3. 56pf + 100pF trimmer, to tune the opposite sideband with 500-800Hz pitch
4. 22pF + 20pf trimmer (or 10pf fixed and 40pf trimmer) for CW (RIGHT) as before

used a six position switch, but couldn't think of the need to use more than 4 positions, 
Didn't find any small shiches with long shaft, so the nut must protrude through the front plate, 
so the hole must be widened a little for the nut.

Believe the audio level is terribly high, +1dBm/600 ohm is quite a lot, and little margin for overload

hope you understood it, otherwise I'll have to write it in in German or Norwegian and let Dick
PAØSE translate it.

73,
Jan_Martin
LA8AK@Online.no (in JO38XC)  http://www.laud.no/la6nca/la8ak/ 
NOTE: Because of heavy spamming now applying eremove.exe, please avoid odd titles!


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j0Y6aaWXZrppp5+GOmqpp6YwIAA7
--------------080508050307030107040503--

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "James Moritz" <j.r.moritz@herts.ac.uk>
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Dear Urban, LF Group,

At 21:51 01/11/2002 +0100, you wrote:
>The following items have been changed:
>
>The 2N3819:s are replaced by high current FET:s BF246C (the same pinout).
>R3 and R4 are decreased from 2.2k to 270ohms
>The source lead in each FET is broken up and 150 ohm (see below though) in 
>parallel with 0.1uF are inserted.
>The leads between the drains of the FET:s to the bases of the 2N2222:s are 
>broken up and 47k in parallell with 0.1 uF are inserted.
>R5 is decreased from 1k to 180 ohms.
>
As has been discussed on the reflector before, there are a number of design 
flaws in the G3LNP preamp design - Urban's mods deal with the problem of 
the loosely specified Idss and mismatch between the input FETS, and the low 
bias current in the output follower - a further problem is the way the 
output followers are biased.

At DC the 2 emitters are effectively connected together via the output 
transformer. In order to get equal current in each output transistor, the 
base-emitter voltages must be exactly the same. A small mismatch in Vbe 
will cause a large change in Ic; eg. a 20mV  mismatch will result in a 
roughly 2:1 ratio in the collector currents, 60mV will result in 10:1 
ratio. Since the base voltages are determined by the FET characteristics, 
even if it is possible to set up the FET bias for exactly equal voltages on 
the output transistor bases, and select output transistors with accurately 
matched Vbe, a few degrees of temperature change will cause the collector 
currents to drift severely. In practice this means that the amplifier will 
always be working with one output transistor effectively cut off, so it 
will actually be working as a single-ended amplifier instead of a balanced 
push-pull amplifier.

The 47k resistors in series with the output transistor bases that Urban has 
added will go some way to improving this situation, but a better way is to 
do the following: Remove R5 and C4 and connect the centre tap of the 
transformer to ground. Then break the connection between each emitter lead 
and the transformer, and insert a resistor of, say, 330R bypassed by a 100n 
or larger capacitor in series with each emitter. Now, the two output 
transistors are independently biased, and will have fairly accurately 
matched currents provided the FET drain voltages are within about +/- 1V of 
each other. With the FET bias set for 6V on each drain, the emitter current 
will be about 16mA in each transistor. Having the output stage better 
balanced should reduce the distortion.

Cheers, Jim Moritz
73 de M0BMU



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Steve Thompson" <steve@eltac.co.uk>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
References: <E1897ZP-0005wR-00@rhenium.btinternet.com> <002701c284f6$d5979ea0$045bfea9@RSGB613192>
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----- Original Message -----
From: Andy talbot <G4JNT@THERSGB.NET>
To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: 05 November 2002 18:11
Subject: LF: Re: IEE


> By active participation I trust you allow for those who write software for
> the so called and decried 'automatic' modes.   All those individuals who
> designed the packet system,  Pactor and closer to home, Jason, are true
> radio amateurs, even though their modes are pureley computer ones
>
> Andy  G4JNT
Thats a very fair comment - I think what I said came over wrongly -  always
a problem for me, more so in text modes. I don't wish to judge or criticise
what others do, that's a good thing about amateur radio - everyone can
participate in their own way. What I meant was that it matters to me, and I
think I might be in a shrinking minority.

Steve



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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By active participation I trust you allow for those who write software for
the so called and decried 'automatic' modes.   All those individuals who
designed the packet system,  Pactor and closer to home, Jason, are true
radio amateurs, even though their modes are pureley computer ones

Andy  G4JNT


----- Original Message -----
From: Steve Thompson <steve@eltac.co.uk>
To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: Tuesday, November 05, 2002 5:33 PM
Subject: LF: IEE


> Finally got round to reading it, I imagine some professionals found it
very
> interesting - t's a testimony to the inventiveness and productivity of
> enthusiasts. I was interested to see that I'm not the only one who feels
that
> amateur contacts should include some element of active participation by
the
> operator. One thought occurred to me - with QRSS we've come full circle.
As I
> understand it, Morse code was designed to be printed out on paper tape and
> decoded by eye.
>
> Steve
>
>



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Steve Thompson" <steve@eltac.co.uk>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Date: Tue, 5 Nov 2002 17:33:48 +0000
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Finally got round to reading it, I imagine some professionals found it very 
interesting - t's a testimony to the inventiveness and productivity of 
enthusiasts. I was interested to see that I'm not the only one who feels that 
amateur contacts should include some element of active participation by the 
operator. One thought occurred to me - with QRSS we've come full circle. As I 
understand it, Morse code was designed to be printed out on paper tape and 
decoded by eye.

Steve


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "John Rabson" <word.factory@zetnet.co.uk>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
References: <LOBBIDNOENMNHIBGDCKBKEGCDDAA.g3wkl@btinternet.com>
Date: Tue, 5 Nov 2002 15:40:31 -0000
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As well as:

2. HF in 2003

c. Amateur radio at HF

I note also:

4. Detailed Scope

g. Related Systems and Techniques

i. VLF - MF services, systems and techniques

Regards,
John Rabson G3PAI
Editor
Cave Radio and Electronics Journal

----- Original Message -----
From: "John W Gould" <g3wkl@btinternet.com>
Cc: "HF. Committee@rsgb. org. uk" <HF.Committee@rsgb.org.uk>; "Ian Poole,
G3YWX" <ian_poole@lineone.net>
Sent: Tuesday, November 05, 2002 8:45 AM
Subject: LF: IEE HF2003 Conference


> A "Call for Papers" for the next IEE Conference on HF Radio Systems and
> Techniques (HF2003) has recently been announced (see
> http://conferences.iee.org/HF2003/).  Interestingly, the "scope" of the
> Conference includes "Amateur Radio at HF" that gives us another, and
perhaps
> even better, opportunity to promote amateur radio following Andy Talbot's,
> G4JNT, well received paper at the recent IEE conference, "Getting the Most
> Out of the Radio Spectrum".
>
> Ian Poole, G3YWX, brought this whole matter to the attention of the RSGB
> during the recent HF & IOTA International Convention. After discussion as
to
> the best way forward the RSGB President Bob Whelan, G3PJT, asked me if I
> would raise awareness and co-ordinate a response from the RSGB amateur
> community in order to maximise the impact that Amateur Radio we can make
at
> the Conference.
>
> Thus, I would be grateful for those who think that they might have
something
> to offer would have a look at the website and drop me an e-mail with their
> ideas.  I am not intending to add another layer of bureaucracy to the
IEE's
> process, but rather provide some consistency and integration between the
> amateur related experimental work that is submitted.  For those who need
it,
> some assistance in drafting an 'attractive' "Synopsis".
>
> Given a normally tight programme we may only get a few papers accepted, so
> we want to make sure that we can gain the maximum impact!
>
> Regards
>
> John Gould, G3WKL
> g3wkl@btinternet.com
>
>
>
>
>
>



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "g3ldo" <g3ldo@ukonline.co.uk>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
References: <50.144ef922.2af5adb3@aol.com> <002901c2832e$3f0ac580$0696ffbe@veronique> <001101c28358$6086c180$4a676ec3@cestag>
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Cesare Tagliabue   I 5 TGC said

>The QSO I've made with OH5UFO was very fine, good signals both side, a
great surprise for me to be >received in Finland, over more than 2100 Km
path, in spite of my little ERP. Evidently the propagation was very good !

This is a very good achievment and shows just what can be done with a very
small antenna.

Regards,
Peter, G3LDO

e-mail <g3ldo@ukonline.co.uk>

Web <http://web.ukonline.co.uk/g3ldo>




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Subject: LF: RE: Re: IEE HF2003 Conference
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Yes, I intended that we should be able to offer papers from our amateur work
for more elements than the one that expilicity mentioned Amateur Radio,
hence the posting to this reflector!

73 John, G3WKL

> -----Original Message-----
> From: owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
> [mailto:owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org]On Behalf Of John Rabson
> Sent: Tuesday, November 05, 2002 15:41
> To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
> Subject: LF: Re: IEE HF2003 Conference
>
>
> As well as:
>
> 2. HF in 2003
>
> c. Amateur radio at HF
>
> I note also:
>
> 4. Detailed Scope
>
> g. Related Systems and Techniques
>
> i. VLF - MF services, systems and techniques
>
> Regards,
> John Rabson G3PAI
> Editor
> Cave Radio and Electronics Journal
>
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: "John W Gould" <g3wkl@btinternet.com>
> Cc: "HF. Committee@rsgb. org. uk" <HF.Committee@rsgb.org.uk>; "Ian Poole,
> G3YWX" <ian_poole@lineone.net>
> Sent: Tuesday, November 05, 2002 8:45 AM
> Subject: LF: IEE HF2003 Conference
>
>
> > A "Call for Papers" for the next IEE Conference on HF Radio Systems and
> > Techniques (HF2003) has recently been announced (see
> > http://conferences.iee.org/HF2003/).  Interestingly, the "scope" of the
> > Conference includes "Amateur Radio at HF" that gives us another, and
> perhaps
> > even better, opportunity to promote amateur radio following
> Andy Talbot's,
> > G4JNT, well received paper at the recent IEE conference,
> "Getting the Most
> > Out of the Radio Spectrum".
> >
> > Ian Poole, G3YWX, brought this whole matter to the attention of the RSGB
> > during the recent HF & IOTA International Convention. After
> discussion as
> to
> > the best way forward the RSGB President Bob Whelan, G3PJT, asked me if I
> > would raise awareness and co-ordinate a response from the RSGB amateur
> > community in order to maximise the impact that Amateur Radio we can make
> at
> > the Conference.
> >
> > Thus, I would be grateful for those who think that they might have
> something
> > to offer would have a look at the website and drop me an e-mail
> with their
> > ideas.  I am not intending to add another layer of bureaucracy to the
> IEE's
> > process, but rather provide some consistency and integration between the
> > amateur related experimental work that is submitted.  For those who need
> it,
> > some assistance in drafting an 'attractive' "Synopsis".
> >
> > Given a normally tight programme we may only get a few papers
> accepted, so
> > we want to make sure that we can gain the maximum impact!
> >
> > Regards
> >
> > John Gould, G3WKL
> > g3wkl@btinternet.com
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
>
>
>



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "John W Gould" <g3wkl@btinternet.com>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Date: Tue, 5 Nov 2002 15:43:20 -0000
Message-ID: <LOBBIDNOENMNHIBGDCKBGEGIDDAA.g3wkl@btinternet.com>
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Subject: LF: RE: Attached documents? What is the practice?
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<BODY>
<DIV><SPAN class=470104215-05112002><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff size=2>Our 
preference is not to attach files, but instead upload the files onto a website 
and post the URL</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=470104215-05112002><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff 
size=2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=470104215-05112002><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff 
size=2>73</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=470104215-05112002><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff 
size=2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=470104215-05112002><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff size=2>John, 
G3WKL</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=ltr 
style="PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
  <DIV class=OutlookMessageHeader dir=ltr align=left><FONT face=Tahoma 
  size=2>-----Original Message-----<BR><B>From:</B> 
  owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org 
  [mailto:owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org]<B>On Behalf Of 
  </B>jan-martin.noding@telenor.com<BR><B>Sent:</B> Tuesday, November 05, 2002 
  15:30<BR><B>To:</B> rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org<BR><B>Subject:</B> LF: 
  Attached documents? What is the practice?<BR><BR></FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff size=2><SPAN 
  class=747272715-05112002>Sometimes it seems useful to attach a file, what is 
  the practice on this reflector?</SPAN></FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff size=2><SPAN class=747272715-05112002>It 
  is a wellknown problem on other reflectors so the SYSOPs have often blocked 
  </SPAN></FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff size=2><SPAN class=747272715-05112002>the 
  possibility</SPAN></FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff size=2><SPAN class=747272715-05112002>I 
  would only attach gif and jpg documents</SPAN></FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff size=2><SPAN 
  class=747272715-05112002></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff size=2><SPAN 
  class=747272715-05112002>73</SPAN></FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff size=2><SPAN 
  class=747272715-05112002>Jan-Martin</SPAN></FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff size=2><SPAN 
  class=747272715-05112002>LA8AK</SPAN></FONT></DIV>
  <BLOCKQUOTE>
    <DIV class=OutlookMessageHeader dir=ltr align=left><BR><FONT face=Arial 
    color=#0000ff size=2><SPAN 
    class=747272715-05112002>&nbsp;</SPAN></FONT></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE></BODY></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Tue, 05 Nov 2002 15:38:20 +0100
From: "Alberto di Bene" <dibene@usa.net>
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To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
References: <LOBBIDNOENMNHIBGDCKBKEGCDDAA.g3wkl@btinternet.com>
Subject: LF: W&G SPM6 Selective Level Meter
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Hello group,
   while the subject of SLMs is hot, I am here asking if someone of you
has some experience in fixing the W&G SPM6.
My unit worked ok up to a couple of weeks ago, then suddenly the
measuring portion of the instrument gave forfeit.
The RX portion is still working, and this is demonstrated by the presence
of audio at the rear connector near the switch for AM, LSB, USB
The front panel dBm selector works ok, this can be judged by the
reproduced audio (I have an amplified speaker wired to the rear connector),
while the analog meter hovers near the the beginning of its scale, instead
of showing the correct level.
I don't use this unit as a receiver, the LO is too unstable for this, al 
least
for QRSS, but it was an useful, though bulky, instrument in my lab.

I don't have any manuals or schematic of it. If someone can indicate
the approximate area where the fault probably has developed, please
contact me, here or privately.  Many thanks in advance.

73  Alberto  I2PHD





From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "John W Gould" <g3wkl@btinternet.com>
To: "Rsgb_Lf_Group@Blacksheep.Org" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Date: Tue, 5 Nov 2002 15:41:38 -0000
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A "Call for Papers" for the next IEE Conference on HF Radio Systems and
Techniques (HF2003) has recently been announced (see
http://conferences.iee.org/HF2003/).  Interestingly, the "scope" of the
Conference includes "Amateur Radio at HF" that gives us another, and perhaps
even better, opportunity to promote amateur radio following Andy Talbot's,
G4JNT, well received paper at the recent IEE conference, "Getting the Most
Out of the Radio Spectrum".

Ian Poole, G3YWX, brought this whole matter to the attention of the RSGB
during the recent HF & IOTA International Convention. After discussion as to
the best way forward the RSGB President Bob Whelan, G3PJT, asked me if I
would raise awareness and co-ordinate a response from the RSGB amateur
community in order to maximise the impact that Amateur Radio we can make at
the Conference.

Thus, I would be grateful for those who think that they might have something
to offer would have a look at the website and drop me an e-mail with their
ideas.  I am not intending to add another layer of bureaucracy to the IEE's
process, but rather provide some consistency and integration between the
amateur related experimental work that is submitted.  For those who need it,
some assistance in drafting an 'attractive' "Synopsis".

Given a normally tight programme we may only get a few papers accepted, so
we want to make sure that we can gain the maximum impact!

Regards

John Gould, G3WKL
g3wkl@btinternet.com





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<BODY>
<DIV><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
class=747272715-05112002>Sometimes it seems useful to attach a file, what is the 
practice on this reflector?</SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial size=2><SPAN class=747272715-05112002>It is 
a wellknown problem on other reflectors so the SYSOPs have often blocked 
</SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial size=2><SPAN class=747272715-05112002>the 
possibility</SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial size=2><SPAN class=747272715-05112002>I 
would only attach gif and jpg documents</SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
class=747272715-05112002></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
class=747272715-05112002>73</SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
class=747272715-05112002>Jan-Martin</SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
class=747272715-05112002>LA8AK</SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
  <DIV align=left class=OutlookMessageHeader dir=ltr><BR><FONT color=#0000ff 
  face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
class=747272715-05112002>&nbsp;</SPAN></FONT></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></BODY></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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This is a test only - please put it to the trash!

Vy 73 de DK1IS



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From: "Ed Lesnichy" <ed@dx.ru>
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Subject: Re[2]: LF: Nov 6-10 LF UA6-activity
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Hello David and All!

Tuesday, November 5, 2002, 1:52:52 PM, you wrote:

Gac> To maximise interest and to minimise the frustration of us not being heard,
Now QRN are small. Also I think, that I have improved my LF reception.

Gac> can I suggest that you announce 1 frequency for crossband contacts and you 
Gac> set up a small dipole etc with another radio for the purpose. 7MHz would be 
Gac> good as a number of us will have worked the 147kHz station by the same 
Gac> technique.
On Machta I have good aerials on 160 and 80? and NO on 40m.
7012 is for the day time period and basically for exUSSR HAMs with my RX
on 160 Quad
I  am  not sure, that I can hear 100w/dipol CW on 40? from Europe at
the night on my 160m Quad and during the next weekend's contest
(I have noticed it in time CQ WW SSB, listening Europe on 3el full size
40m beam from another QTH)
I remind, that up to Europe from me abt 2000-3600 kms
But I plan to make the good 40m aerial on a Machta in the future

73! Ed  RU6LA  ed@dx.ru



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Subject: Re: LF: Nov 6-10 LF UA6-activity
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<HTML><FONT FACE=arial,helvetica><FONT  SIZE=2>In a message dated 11/5/02 9:08:59 AM GMT Standard Time, ed@dx.ru writes:
<BR>
<BR>
<BR><BLOCKQUOTE TYPE=CITE style="BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px">Subj:<B>LF: Nov 6-10 LF UA6-activity</B>
<BR>Date:11/5/02 9:08:59 AM GMT Standard Time
<BR><I>From: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ed@dx.ru (Ed Lesnichy)
<BR>Sender: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
<BR>Reply-to: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
<BR>To: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
<BR>CC: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;g3yxm@wireless.org.uk (Dave Pick)
<BR></I>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>Hello LF_Group!
<BR>
<BR>I am planning to be active from Machta (KN97LN) Nov 6-10
<BR>
<BR></BLOCKQUOTE>
<BR>
<BR>Hi.
<BR>
<BR>Thanks for the timetable.
<BR>
<BR>To maximise interest and to minimise the frustration of us not being heard, can I suggest that you announce 1 frequency for crossband contacts and you set up a small dipole etc with another radio for the purpose. 7MHz would be good as a number of us will have worked the 147kHz station by the same technique.
<BR>
<BR>Good luck es 73
<BR>
<BR>David &nbsp;G0MRF</FONT></HTML>

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Thread-Topic: Re: Re: Re: Re: Siemens D2006 Selective Level Meter/Pegelmesser
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From: jan-martin.noding@telenor.com
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Hi

Did I forget to mention that the trimmer cap. board should not be grounded?

A dynamic phone insert will suffice, but is somewhat small. 
Have an integrated amplifier (0.5W) with loadspeaker in the 
shack, nice to listen to different sources of signals. 

73
Jan-Martin, LA8AK (Ex G5BFV)

-----Opprinnelig melding-----
Fra: g6tmk [mailto:g6tmk@thersgb.net]
Sendt: 5. november 2002 11:02
Til: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Emne: LF: Re: Re: Re: Re: Siemens D2006 Selective Level
Meter/Pegelmesser


Hello Jan_Martin
> Believe the audio level is terribly high, +1dBm/600 ohm is quite a lot,
and little margin for overload

> hope you understood it, otherwise I'll have to write it in in German or
Norwegian and let Dick
> PAØSE translate it.

Thankyou for taking the trouble to describe your modifications in such
detail.
I am sure I will understand it when I get the covers off the instrument.

The audio output is fairly high, sometimes I just plug a small loudspeaker
in, and listen on that !
73
Hugh M0WYE





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To: "LF-Group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
From: "Dick Rollema" <d.w.rollema@freeler.nl>
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Subject: LF: Series loading coil
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<html>
<b>To All from PA0SE<br><br>
I also use the series coil system for tuning and matching the aerial to
the 136kHz transmitter.<br>
The coil was made by bolting four 1m long and 12.5cm diameter PVC pipes
together and putting on 200 turns of 1.4mm diameter copper wire with
black PVC insulation as used for house wiring. <br>
Inductance is 4.4mH and unloaded Q&nbsp; about 350.<br>
Starting from the top I made a tap at every 10 turns by putting a twist
in the wire. Heating with a soldering iron melts the insulation that then
easily comes off to&nbsp; bare the wire.<br>
The bottom 10 turns have a tap at each turn. By short circuiting turns
from the top and the bottom the coil can be adjusted in steps of one
turn. For fine tuning a variable capacitor is in parallel with the coil.
As this increases the current in the coil and thus the loss in it
(proportional to current squared!) I adjust the coil so that only minimal
capacitance is needed.<br>
</b><img src="cid:.0" width=118 height=325 alt="PA0SE Coil.jpg"></b><br>
<b>The capacitor shown started to arc over at 60W of power. It was
replaced by a vacuum capacitor rated at 5000V maximum.&nbsp; When
transmitter power was increased&nbsp; from 120W to 320W I connected the
capacitor over half the coil in order not to exceed&nbsp; the maximum
voltage.<br><br>
The transmitter is connected to one of the turns at the bottom end. I
don't worry about SWR and simply select the tap giving maximum aerial
current (3A in dry weather).<br><br>
A better picture of the coil above can be found on page 62 of G3LDO's
<i>The low frequency experimenter's handbook</i>. The coil with the
vacuum capacitor is shown on the cover of the book.<br><br>
73, Dick, PA0SE</b></html>

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1BG0k0caggswAHQ8+v510srSSOzRLySNvHfIP8gD7U0FhnkPMzxqRuB+Yk+hOfzLN+AoqR4R
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ipe6Aop4c0p5Afsu0lWyVdhnDD39qcfD+loJGFs2I88ea2TwD1zx6UUVjfQY1PDWkSsUNpkL
3LseAx9/UZz71FD4J8O72mXTI0YsRlWYHg45OfUZoorZJXYXZOPD2jhtoszyxXPnP6bvWlTR
NMcJ/orBT8oAlfupb19/0oorNdQHpo1ksAcRsGdFGfMbgnjPX3qQ6JYI8Y8qQ5OOZW/u/X2o
oq0IjbQ9Ne3ErW5IEYYgyNk8dM5/zxSJoWmLyLUgvIwO2Vx0zz19Fooo6NjFXRdPS72JDIuI
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Gkj/2Q==
--------------060101050400040106060303--

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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References: <2D280BB697C7EE4C979C5C89925418EF1BF594@TNS-FBU-2E-003.corp.telenor.no>
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Hello Jan_Martin
> Believe the audio level is terribly high, +1dBm/600 ohm is quite a lot,
and little margin for overload

> hope you understood it, otherwise I'll have to write it in in German or
Norwegian and let Dick
> PAØSE translate it.

Thankyou for taking the trouble to describe your modifications in such
detail.
I am sure I will understand it when I get the covers off the instrument.

The audio output is fairly high, sometimes I just plug a small loudspeaker
in, and listen on that !
73
Hugh M0WYE




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Ed Lesnichy" <ed@dx.ru>
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Hello LF_Group!

I am planning to be active from Machta (KN97LN) Nov 6-10

The prospective time-table of my activity on LF on days
and on hours (time in UTC):
(at KN97LN Sunset abt 1400, Sunrise 0415z)
(freq my day's Beacon tests 137.700)

NOV 6:
Probably since 1600 QRSS3 (or QRSS1)   (10/1 w ERP)   137.700
1800 - 2100 RX G Beacon test (QRSS10/30) abt 71.75 kHz  (QSX 137.7 ?)
since 2100 or earlier+. QRSS3 (or QRSS1)   (10/1 w ERP)   137.700

NOV 7:
since 1600... QRSS3 (or QRSS1)   (10/1 w ERP)   137.700

NOV 8:
0500 - 0600  QRSS3/CW 10w ERP Beacon test ("RU6LA 10w")
0600 - 0700  QRSS3/CW 1w ERP Beacon test ("RU6LA 1w")
1100 - 1200  QRSS3/CW 10w ERP Beacon test ("RU6LA 10w")
1200 - 1300  QRSS3/CW 1w ERP Beacon test ("RU6LA 1w")
1300 - 1400  QRSS3/CW 10w ERP Beacon test ("RU6LA 10w")
1400 - 1700  VK/ZL/UA Asia Beacon test (QRSS60 10w ERP) 137.700
since 1700... QRSS3 (or QRSS1)   (10/1 w ERP)   137.700

NOV 9-10:
0500 - 0600  QRSS3/CW 10w ERP Beacon test ("RU6LA 10w")
0600 - 0700  QRSS3/CW 1w ERP Beacon test ("RU6LA 1w")
1100 - 1200  QRSS3/CW 10w ERP Beacon test ("RU6LA 10w")
1200 - 1300  QRSS3/CW 1w ERP Beacon test ("RU6LA 1w")
1300 - 1400  QRSS3/CW 10w ERP Beacon test ("RU6LA 10w")
1400 - 1500  QRSS3/CW 1w ERP Beacon test ("RU6LA 1w")
1500 - 1600  QRSS3/CW 10w ERP Beacon test ("RU6LA 10w")
since 1600... QRSS3 (or QRSS1)   (10/1 w ERP)   137.700
2200 - 0430  NA/SA/UA Asia Beacon test (QRSS60 10w ERP) 135.922
OFF

I have a DX-cluster.
Also it is possible to inform me abt Report or QSX QSO on a pager via e-mail:
e-mail: vesso@crypt.rnd.ru  Subject: 29600  In body: text

QSX 136/ 7012 day (stop my QRSS)
QSX 136/ 3533 night (stop my QRSS)
But the basic attention will be given 73/136/136 QSOs
QSX CW abt 136,1 / 137.700 my Freq (stop my QRSS if I will audible)

The equipment same as well as in Sep 26-29:
Ant TX - Big Vertical , PA - 100w Output, TS-850, Ant RX - BV,
Pre-selector with hi Q coils

73! Ed RU6LA   ed@dx.ru



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Thread-Topic: re DS2006 o/p
Thread-Index: AcKEKeNV7YfbkKrET/uPKWDrW1vC/gAfi+AA
From: jan-martin.noding@telenor.com
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
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Subject: LF: Siemens K2119 (D2119/W3119) Level Test Set200Hz-2,1MHz ?
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Hi

My best tool is the K2119, but it is faulty at the moment, and I have 
to look for some fuses, possibly 160mA mittelträge...., but somebody
don't seem to understand why we need fuses any more in Norwegian Telecomm...

The K2119 consists of two integrated units, D2119 Pegelmesser and W3119 Pegelsender.

Believe it has ESB/SSB audio output, but when reading the manual 
I can't see any demodulator between 100kHz final amplifier and the 
output board, so I am rather puzzled. 

Perhaps somebody can tell me which board to check? Might try a 
modification on this set as well, if I can consider the proper board.

73,
Jan_Martin
LA8AK@Online.no (in JO38XC = Kristiansand.S)  http://www.laud.no/la6nca/la8ak/ 


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Thread-Topic: Re: Re: Re: Siemens D2006 Selective Level Meter/Pegelmesser...and W&G SPM-3
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From: jan-martin.noding@telenor.com
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Hi

The board "S45035-D5142-.."(Ausgangsteil) has a simple BJT product detector and 
BFO. The BFO frequency is tuned with 2250pF and it is shifted by S4, possibly 
shifting it 1.85 below and above 100kHz as the switch is set to left or right. When 
the 250pF is grounded it is LOW and when it has the two external 
capacitors (above the switch on the front) in series it is HIGH.

The unmarked capacitors above the switch behind the front are 25pF styroflex and 25pf 
air trimmer, I measured 41pF, but don't always rely on the instrument, and to the 
calculation you may add some 50pF for the PTFE-cable.

Remove all plates and screws and when you still can't find a way to start modifications, 
you should read the instructions, Chapter 4, MAINTENANCE - 
only to discover that you can just as well put back some of the screws again and 
remove the upper unbrako type screws instead - to slide the upper unit backwards.
It was a fight to remove the front plate, but it went after all. Careful with all those
terribly small 2.5mm screws, nuts and washers!

First I thought of a capacitor, but it must be small enough and isolated 
from ground behind the front plate. A better idea is a varicap diode 
(BB112 or BB130), but diode must be shorted for USB, 
it demanded a potmeter with an NC-switch and they are rare, so I decided 
use a switch with 4 positions instead. An alternative is to forward bias the varicap 
as a switching type.

Mounted 3 trimmers and fixed value capacitors in sort of dead-bug style 
(45° angle backwards)on a bracket with pcb laminate where the old capacitors had been.
The 4 positions are now:
1. Shorted coax cable as earlier CCW (LEFT) with 1850Hz pitch for 80Hz filter.
2. 470pf+270pf + 100pf trimmer - to tune one sideband with 500-800Hz pitch
3. 56pf + 100pF trimmer, to tune the opposite sideband with 500-800Hz pitch
4. 22pF + 20pf trimmer (or 10pf fixed and 40pf trimmer) for CW (RIGHT) as before

used a six position switch, but couldn't think of the need to use more than 4 positions, 
Didn't find any small shiches with long shaft, so the nut must protrude through the front plate, 
so the hole must be widened a little for the nut.

Believe the audio level is terribly high, +1dBm/600 ohm is quite a lot, and little margin for overload

hope you understood it, otherwise I'll have to write it in in German or Norwegian and let Dick
PAØSE translate it.

73,
Jan_Martin
LA8AK@Online.no (in JO38XC)  http://www.laud.no/la6nca/la8ak/ 
NOTE: Because of heavy spamming now applying eremove.exe, please avoid odd titles!



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Alan Melia" <Alan.Melia@btinternet.com>
To: "LF-Group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Date: Mon, 4 Nov 2002 23:18:56 -0000
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Hi Peter I note your replacement of the sealed batteries in the UPS with old
car batteries. The UPS will charge them correctly but the car batteries will
produce hydrogen, I believe, even on a maintenance charge. The sealed
batteries are designed not to produce hydrogen (by careful design of the
electrode sizes) unless maltreated ( then they bulge alarmingly ). I know
your shack is in an extension and hope it is well ventilated.

A Radio Club member at MRS was involved in a nasty accident with
professional battery back up rack, when a techician walking across a carpet
to test a battery (backing a professional link circuit) drew a static spark
as he reached for the vent caps and and was drenched in battery acid, by the
resultant explosion. The amateur present was able to sluice him with water
immediately, and use eye wash bottle. He suffered no lasting effects other
than the need for a new pair of shoes and trousers, and an healthy caution
when approaching lead-acid batteries.  If the batteries can be located
outside in a ventilated cover box it would be safer, particularly with the
voltages and possibility of sparks involved in LF transmitters. At least do
keep an eye wash bottle nearby. It is better to be safe........

Cheers de Alan G3NYK
alan.melia@btinternet.com





From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Alan Melia" <Alan.Melia@btinternet.com>
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Date: Mon, 4 Nov 2002 22:57:49 -0000
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Subject: LF: Zetex chip..re SLM SSB demods
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Hi all at Tracey's request I have been thumbing through my old Electronics
Worlds. The data on the Zetex Mixer / filter chip type number ZXF30L01 is
obtainable from
http://www.zetex.com/pdf/ics/zxf36l01.pdf
 the best set of design competition finalists are in the Nov 2001 issue
pp834-837. These include a Droitwhich frequency standard, an AM RX for 30kHz
to 700kHz, an ultrasonic detector, and an CW/SSB detector and CW filter
(800Hz) (I think this guy must have an SLMS !!)  You need to provide a LO
for the latter. I have a mono GIF scan of that  circuit which is slightly
too big (abt 45kB) for the reflector, but I will gladly forward it directly.
What I cannot find is the Farnell part number, I only have an old catalogue
but you should find it quickly through the web site....it may not be cheap!!
As an aside I do have a couple of Racal 5002 wideband (20MHz) LMSs which are
available for £50 each plus carriage. (they will both need new Li  back-up
batteries)

Cheers de Alan G3NYK
alan.melia@btinternet.com




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John Andrews said:


> Laurie,
>
> I checked last night, and 73.401 still looks good over here. And I will
> actually be home on the evening of 6-7 Nov. But I can run screen captures
if
> you pick another date.

I made an attempt to have a 73/136 cross band with EA1PX without success.
Jose has seen my signals on 71.7kHz previously and I have seen his on
137.702kHz tonight but we were not able to exchange reports. We will try
again in a couple of days.
Nice signal seen from DL3FDO QRSS3 on 137.69kHz during the test

I have now replaced the computer UPS batteries with an odd selection of car
batteries. This hhas resulted in a muchh 'stiffer' supply and I can noe get
4.2amps into the antenna on 73kHz.

As the transmitter is going so well I will transmit a beacon signal on
71.7kHz from now until I go to bed.
Regards,
Peter, G3LDO

e-mail <g3ldo@ukonline.co.uk>

Web <http://web.ukonline.co.uk/g3ldo>








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From: "Vernall" <vernall@xtra.co.nz>
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Jan-Martin, Jim and others,

I also agree with comments that a series inductor (the traditional "loading
coil") is the best approach for compensating capacitive reactance in amateur
top-loaded verticals, and then either an autotransformer or L match to
convert the R value to being reasonably close to the desired load
resistance.

> All this begs the question "why do people use T networks at HF?" The
answer
> is, I suppose, that at HF the degree of mismatch is usually smaller,
> requiring a much lower loaded-Q network which is more practical to
realise.
> Also, being able to twiddle all 3 component values gives you a reasonable
> chance of getting a good match, without having the faintest idea what the
> antenna impedance actually is!

At HF the antennas can present the full range of capacitive to inductive
reactance, in combination with high to low resistance.  This includes the
transformer action of transmission lines that can "invert impedances" every
quarter of a wavelength, so a multiband antenna and feeder can actually have
a wide range of impedance presented at the shack end of a feeder.  A high
pass T tuner can address such a wide range of incidental impedances, in an
effective manner.  At LF, a top-loaded vertical has capacitance and low to
medium series resistance, and transmission lines are of negligible length,
the net result being that impedance is fairly restricted in limits, so the
versalitity of a T network is not needed.  Jim's calculations show why it
should be avoided.

73, Bob ZL2CA



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From: "John Andrews" <w1tag@charter.net>
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Laurie,

I checked last night, and 73.401 still looks good over here. And I will
actually be home on the evening of 6-7 Nov. But I can run screen captures if
you pick another date.

John Andrews, W1TAG



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From: "Alan Melia" <Alan.Melia@btinternet.com>
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Hi all, whoops sorry I am becoming a bore...that's two messages to the
reflector at once!!
Well never mind....this query by Jan-Martin is interesting.....my answer is
that you must NOT believe all the figures that the computer programs tell
you!! Go and measure it !

 Even the much vaunted NEC does not model short amateur type LF aerials
properly. It can only calculate the parameters that are built in to it. Its
dealing with things like elevated inductive loading and ground loss are
adequate for HF, or for commercial type LF station configurations but are
way out on an amateur scale. I do not know of anyone, even Finbar who lives
on the sea shore, who would get a 18 ohm real part impedance for a 30m high
L with 50m top. The measured figure is more likey to be of the order of 80
to 100 ohms  even with extensive "radials" and ground spikes. This is not
just a result of my measurement but the reported results of others with real
aerials. Reg's equations are an interesting guide but should not be regarded
as completely accurate at LF. I found his Topload program to be greatly
different to measured examples.

Extra components for matching can give extra loss, and its difficult to
calculate or even measure this. The single coil works in most cases, it does
not however give a dc path to ground, which can be  a problem on reception,
and where high induced voltages are present (nearby thunder clouds). From
the simplicity point of view it wins for most stations. Variable capacitors
to withstand the kind of voltages generated at 400w to 1kW are not cheap. It
looks like a practical solution to a problem but I am interested to hear
other opinions.

The dc path and the matching has been solved to some extent by some stations
grounding the coil and tapping the feed up from the earthy end. This can
still avoid expensive capacitors, but require a lot of experimenting and a
more complex coil build.

Cheers de Alan G3NYK
alan.melia@btinternet.com




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Alan Melia" <Alan.Melia@btinternet.com>
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Hi Hugh....Ahhh well if it has an SSB demodulator included you could
presumably re adjust the local oscillator in this unit without affecting the
measuring capability of the main unit. It will probably require some caps
soldered in rather than a tweak, I suspect. You have to hope the local
oscillator is not a crystal. I believe that the demod in the SPM-12 has two
output 1kHz and 2kHz.

The output of the SPM-3 is 1.5khz and this is the "IF" with the fixed
filtering ( 100Hz BW ) which is an LC filter, and works quite well for
reception. A narrower filter would require some kind of "locked" oscillator.
As it is the unit will drift about the same order as the bandwidth (50 to
100Hz) over 12 hours or so (or mine does)

Cheers de Alan G3NYK
alan.melia@btinternet.com




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From: "Laurie Mayhead" <laurie@g3aqc.freeserve.co.uk>
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Hi Jose, and All

Ed hopes to be at Machta from Nov.6 until Nov.10,
He will confirm.
If  he is operational I will transmit on 71.75 QRSS
and listen for him on 136 (I don't think he is able to TX on 73 )
We have agreed that he will look for me between 1900 and 2100 UTC. on 6th
November.
73 Laurie.



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At 13:49 04/11/2002 +0100, you wrote:

>Wonder why seems to be a habit use a series coil to tune out the 
>capacitance of the 136kHz aerial, instead of more normal sort of matching 
>- using T- or L-network

Dear Jan-Martin, LF Group,

I would agree with everything Andy says - but there are also practical 
difficulties in making the T-network scheme work:

The components in the tuning network have to be highly rated - for example, 
a 500W TX driving a 50R load has an output current of about 3.2A. The 142p 
input capacitor has a reactance of about -j8.2kohms, so with 3.2 amps 
flowing in it, the voltage across it's terminals will be 26kV! The 
capacitor plates would probably need at least 50mm spacing... The inductor 
will have to withstand this voltage, as well as a higher current - about 
8.3A instead of 5.1A, and since it also has to have a higher Q and about 3 
times the inductance of the simple series coil, it will be a much more 
massive component. The output 295pF capacitor will have around 20kV across 
it. The capacitive reactance of the antenna can be fairly accurately 
predicted, but the loss resistance is more unpredictable, so at least 2 of 
the 3 components must be variable to be sure of getting a reasonable match.

So as well as improving efficiency, the series coil is much easier to build 
and adjust - The resistive component can be matched using a small ferrite 
cored auto-transformer, with several taps to allow a wide range of antenna 
resistance - an ETD49 core is more than adequate up to 1kW or more, and all 
the tuning is done by small variations to the series coil of about 1.3mH. 
The maximum voltage (now the antenna voltage) will be under 6kV with 500W 
TX, so much more manageable.

All this begs the question "why do people use T networks at HF?" The answer 
is, I suppose, that at HF the degree of mismatch is usually smaller, 
requiring a much lower loaded-Q network which is more practical to realise. 
Also, being able to twiddle all 3 component values gives you a reasonable 
chance of getting a good match, without having the faintest idea what the 
antenna impedance actually is!

PS...Once you have got your TX antenna working, the PS3 in conjunction with 
a calibrated antenna, is the perfect tool for measuring field strength, 
etc. It is also extremely useful in conjunction with a bridge for impedance 
measurements. The selectivity is more than adequate with about 100-200Hz BW 
for use as an RX, which it will do fairly well when the sensitivity is 
increased with a suitable preselector. I would not be without mine. But the 
1.5kHz "IF" output is really a bit uncomfortable to listen to, so 
down-conversion of some sort would be a good idea.

Cheers, Jim Moritz
73 de M0BMU



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From: "John Andrews" <w1tag@charter.net>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
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> >Wonder why seems to be a habit use a series coil to tune out the
> >capacitance of the 136kHz aerial, instead of more normal sort of matching
> >- using T- or L-network

Actually, using an inductor to ground, with a tap for the feed point, IS a
high-pass L network. The portion below the tap represents inductive
reactance, and the part above is capacitive (the inductive reactance of the
coil is set lower than the capacitive reactance of the antenna).

John Andrews, W1TAG



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From: "Tracey Gardner" <tracey.gardner@ntlworld.com>
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 W&G SPM-3
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Hello Jan-Martin

The SPM-3 has a single xtal filter at the 650kHz 1st IF followed by a narrow
LC filter at the 1.5kHz 2nd IF.
The 1.5kHz filter is something like 100/120Hz wide at -6db.

73s Tracey

SPM-3 is another interesting unit, but I believe the selectivity
is based on LC-filters, and it really is too broad. Have kept a few for
possible
interest for 136kc activity in Norway.






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From: "Andy talbot" <g4jnt@thersgb.net>
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Beacause the optimum lowest loss matching network is always the one with the 
lowest possible Q.  And the lowest possible Q is given by an L match.  Here the 
L match is formed by the series inductance which has the dual job of cancelling 
out most of the capacitive reactance.  One this is done whatever real part of 
the impedance has to be matched, which can be done with a little bit more L 
followed by a shunt C to give a required impedance - or more aften as is done 
on these bands the transmitter is then matched into whatever residual impedance 
is presented.  Due to the dominance of the ground resistance, this often turns 
out to be some useable value in the 20 - 100 ohm range.

Any other components added over those required to make a basic match are likely 
to add extra loss.  The one exception to this general rule is where extra 
components are added in order to deliberately broadband match a load impedance. 
  The mathemateically correct procedure for this is probably to start off with 
something like a chebshev network (as in the filters) and go from there - but 
these days designers just plug the requirements into a circuit optimiser and 
press the go button - then trust the results.  Broadband matching something 
that is inherently very narrow band such as an LF antenna is not possible, or 
at least not without incurring considerable losses away from resonance.

Andy  G4JNT



-----Original Message-----
From:	jan-martin.noding@telenor.com [SMTP:jan-martin.noding@telenor.com]
Sent:	2002/11/04 12:50
To:	rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject:	LF: VS: Feeding an inverted L-antenna



Wonder why seems to be a habit use a series coil to tune out the capacitance of 
the 136kHz aerial, instead of more normal sort of matching - using T- or 
L-network

Below is shown some impedance for a thought antenna (had to enter some radial 
length for the program to work) using ENDFEED.exe provided by G4FGQ

 H.  Height, metres ..   10.0       N. Number of buried radial wires .      2
 L.  Length, metres ..  150.0       R. Length of radials, metres .....   50.0
 W.  Wire dia, mm ....   2.00       D. Diameter of radial wires, mm ..    1.0
 F.  Frequency Kilo-Hz    136       S. Strap length to radials, metres    3.0
 G.  Ground characteristics:-   Average soil:    R = 100, K = 12
 H+L+S =  0.074 wavelengths.
                                   R ohms      jX ohms     Tune out jX with
 FEEDPOINT INPUT IMPEDANCE:          18.9      -1096.1     1282.7 micro-Henrys
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                             <-- Transcvr      Shunt L      Antenna -->
 T-NETWORK L & C values:           142 pF    3666.6 uH       295 pF
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                             <-- Transcvr     Series X      Antenna -->
 L-NETWORK L & C values:                     2086.4 uH    3328.4 uH
 Alternative L & C values:                      656 pF     794.7 uH
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 LOSS in T-match coil   25.4  % of Tx Pwr      GROUND ELECTRODE SYSTEM, INPUT Z
 in antenna conductor    3.3  % .. .. ..             DC Resistance    2.9  ohms
  in soil in vicinity   42.6  % .. .. ..             RF Resistance    7.2   ..
 in system of radials   28.6  % .. .. ..             RF Reactance     7.0   ..
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Overall power radiating efficiency ..   0.05  percent
 Overall loss relative to ideal system   33.1  decibels or 5.5 'S-points'

 Select H,L,W,F,N,R,D,S,G to change data,  B(egin again) or Q(uit program)



you find the program on the link below
>========================
>Free Radio Design Software
>Go to  http://www.g4fgq.com
>========================
73,
Jan_Martin
LA8AK (in JO38XC
http://www.laud.no/la6nca/la8ak/
NOTE: Because of heavy spamming now applying eremove.exe, please avoid odd 
titles!
 << File: ATT00000.htm >> 


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Thread-Topic: Feeding an inverted L-antenna
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From: jan-martin.noding@telenor.com
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Subject: LF: VS: Feeding an inverted L-antenna
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<DIV>Wonder why <SPAN class=394254812-04112002><FONT face=Arial size=2>seems to 
be a habit</FONT></SPAN> use a series coil to tune out the capacitance of the 
136kHz aerial, instead of more normal sort of matching - using T- or 
L-network</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Below is shown some impedance for a thought antenna (had to enter some 
radial length for the program to work) using ENDFEED.exe provided by G4FGQ</DIV>
<DIV></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face="Courier New" size=2>&nbsp;H.&nbsp; Height, metres 
..&nbsp;&nbsp; <FONT color=#ff0000>10.0&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
</FONT>N. Number of buried radial wires .&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
2<BR>&nbsp;L.&nbsp; Length, metres ..&nbsp; <FONT 
color=#ff0000>150.0&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT>R. Length of 
radials, metres .....&nbsp;&nbsp; 50.0<BR>&nbsp;W.&nbsp; Wire dia, mm 
....&nbsp;&nbsp; <FONT color=#ff0000>2.00&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
</FONT>D. Diameter of radial wires, mm ..&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
1.0<BR>&nbsp;F.&nbsp; Frequency Kilo-Hz&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <FONT 
color=#ff0000>136&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT>S. Strap length to 
radials, metres&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3.0<BR>&nbsp;G.&nbsp; Ground 
characteristics:-&nbsp;&nbsp; Average soil:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; R = 100, K = 
12<BR>&nbsp;H+L+S =&nbsp; 0.074 
wavelengths.<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
R ohms&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; jX ohms&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tune out jX 
with<BR>&nbsp;FEEDPOINT INPUT 
IMPEDANCE:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
18.9&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; -1096.1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1282.7 
micro-Henrys<BR>-------------------------------------------------------------------------------<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
&lt;-- Transcvr&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Shunt 
L&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Antenna --&gt;<BR>&nbsp;<FONT 
color=#ff0000><STRONG>T-NETWORK </STRONG></FONT>L &amp; C 
values:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 142 
pF&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3666.6 uH&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 295 
pF<BR>-------------------------------------------------------------------------------<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
&lt;-- Transcvr&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Series X&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
Antenna --&gt;<BR>&nbsp;L-NETWORK L &amp; C 
values:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
2086.4 uH&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3328.4 uH<BR>&nbsp;Alternative L &amp; C 
values:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
656 pF&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 794.7 
uH<BR>-------------------------------------------------------------------------------<BR>&nbsp;LOSS 
in T-match coil&nbsp;&nbsp; 25.4&nbsp; % of Tx Pwr&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
GROUND ELECTRODE SYSTEM, INPUT Z<BR>&nbsp;in antenna conductor&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
3.3&nbsp; % .. .. 
..&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; DC 
Resistance&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2.9&nbsp; ohms<BR>&nbsp; in soil in 
vicinity&nbsp;&nbsp; 42.6&nbsp; % .. .. 
..&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; RF 
Resistance&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 7.2&nbsp;&nbsp; ..<BR>&nbsp;in system of 
radials&nbsp;&nbsp; 28.6&nbsp; % .. .. 
..&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; RF 
Reactance&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 7.0&nbsp;&nbsp; 
..<BR>-------------------------------------------------------------------------------<BR>&nbsp;Overall 
power radiating efficiency ..&nbsp;&nbsp; 0.05&nbsp; percent<BR>&nbsp;Overall 
loss relative to ideal system&nbsp;&nbsp; 33.1&nbsp; decibels or 5.5 
'S-points'</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face="Courier New"><FONT size=2>&nbsp;Select H,L,W,F,N,R,D,S,G to 
change data,&nbsp; B(egin again) or Q(uit program)</FONT><BR><FONT 
face=Arial></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face="Courier New"><FONT face=Arial><FONT face="Courier New"><FONT 
face=Arial>you find the program on the link below 
</FONT></FONT></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face="Courier New"><FONT 
face=Arial>&gt;========================<BR>&gt;Free Radio Design 
Software<BR>&gt;Go to&nbsp; <A 
href="http://www.g4fgq.com">http://www.g4fgq.com</A><BR>&gt;========================</FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV>73,</DIV>
<DIV>Jan_Martin<BR>LA8AK (in JO38XC</DIV>
<DIV><A 
href="http://www.laud.no/la6nca/la8ak/">http://www.laud.no/la6nca/la8ak/</A> 
<BR>NOTE: Because of heavy spamming now applying eremove.exe, please avoid odd 
titles!</DIV></BODY></HTML>

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Alan wrote:
> yes the output from most of these things is the "IF"( and so is from
> a carefully designed defined-gain amplifier), there is an Option for the
> SPM-12 which is an SSB demodulator...

The D2006 has an SSB output, at headphone listening level, with a switch
between USB and LSB. I have used the set as a communications receiver on HF
for many years with good results. There is also a switch between 80Hz IF
band pass and 3100Hz bandwidth but the recovered audio pitch of CW,  is
rather high when using the 80Hz filter. So it is clear that the D2006
already has an SSB demodulator built in.

However, there is a socket marked "100kHz IF", so I suppose one could build
an SSB / CW demodulator to connect to this. It would be simpler to find the
trim pot marked "CW pitch" and turn it down ... if such a thing exists. :-)

73
Hugh M0WYE














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Thread-Topic: Re: Siemens D2006 Selective Level Meter/Pelelmesser
Thread-Index: AcKD+b0fbb9G/DgKRsae8tf8FG7/1AAA8Ttw
From: jan-martin.noding@telenor.com
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
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Subject: LF: Re: Re: Siemens D2006 Selective Level Meter/Pegelmesser...and
 W&G SPM-3
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Hi

Interesting thoughts. I would have to check the handbook at home. 
It is also a problem with overload, and this could be solved partly 
adding an AGC to the ADD-ON unit. Depends on the IF level how 
complicated it would be.

Perhaps it is not worth, but it is always worth investigating into 
when documents are good. SO42P is my favourite device for productdetector/mixer.

SPM-3 is another interesting unit, but I believe the selectivity 
is based on LC-filters, and it really is too broad. Have kept a few for possible
interest for 136kc activity in Norway.

73
Jan-Martin
LA8AK (JO38XC)

-----Original message-----
From: Alan Melia [mailto:Alan.Melia@btinternet.com]


Hi all, yes the output from most of these things is the "IF"( and so is from
a carefully designed defined-gain amplifier), there is an Option for the
SPM-12 which is an SSB demodulator. Several LF users have build add-ons to
the standard SPM-12, which has a 10kHz output. It should be possible to use
a chip like the NE602/612 to make a simple demod even at audio frequencies
plus a filter for the image. A relatively simple single pi-section LP filter
with a rejection notch at the image frequency should be adequate for
confortable listening. I did work out the details for the SPM-3  (1.5kHz)
but never built it.

If you want something more sophisticated Zetek have launched a chip with a
mixer and (external component) configurable filter module in it, which is
available from Farnell I believe.....this has a maximum operating frequency
of 600kHz so could even be used as the basis of a simple receiver on 136k.
It was covered in one of the mags (possibly EW) sometime in the last 12
months. I have details somewhere.

Whilst it could work for strong signals, I have my doubts that a divider
chip would be much use with weak signals and lots of noise. Dividers are
used in Bat Detectors, but mixer versions are much better......the bat
conservationists are finding that soundcard DSP programs, like Spectrogram,
are helping them to identify individual bats !! I suppose that is the sort
of thing Robert originally wrote it for !!

Cheers de Alan G3NYK
alan.melia@btinternet.com
-----Original Message-----
From: jan-martin.noding@telenor.com <jan-martin.noding@telenor.com>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Date: 04 November 2002 08:14
Subject: LF: Siemens D2006 Selective Level Meter/Pelelmesser


Hi

Does somebody know if it is possible to change the pitch?
It has 80Hz as well as 3100Hz bandwidth, but the pitch is ca
1000Hz and not too pleasant to listen to, would rather prefer 500Hz

73,
Jan_Martin





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Hi all, yes the output from most of these things is the "IF"( and so is from
a carefully designed defined-gain amplifier), there is an Option for the
SPM-12 which is an SSB demodulator. Several LF users have build add-ons to
the standard SPM-12, which has a 10kHz output. It should be possible to use
a chip like the NE602/612 to make a simple demod even at audio frequencies
plus a filter for the image. A relatively simple single pi-section LP filter
with a rejection notch at the image frequency should be adequate for
confortable listening. I did work out the details for the SPM-3  (1.5kHz)
but never built it.

If you want something more sophisticated Zetek have launched a chip with a
mixer and (external component) configurable filter module in it, which is
available from Farnell I believe.....this has a maximum operating frequency
of 600kHz so could even be used as the basis of a simple receiver on 136k.
It was covered in one of the mags (possibly EW) sometime in the last 12
months. I have details somewhere.

Whilst it could work for strong signals, I have my doubts that a divider
chip would be much use with weak signals and lots of noise. Dividers are
used in Bat Detectors, but mixer versions are much better......the bat
conservationists are finding that soundcard DSP programs, like Spectrogram,
are helping them to identify individual bats !! I suppose that is the sort
of thing Robert originally wrote it for !!

Cheers de Alan G3NYK
alan.melia@btinternet.com
-----Original Message-----
From: jan-martin.noding@telenor.com <jan-martin.noding@telenor.com>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Date: 04 November 2002 08:14
Subject: LF: Siemens D2006 Selective Level Meter/Pelelmesser


Hi

Does somebody know if it is possible to change the pitch?
It has 80Hz as well as 3100Hz bandwidth, but the pitch is ca
1000Hz and not too pleasant to listen to, would rather prefer 500Hz

73,
Jan_Martin




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Hello Jan,
Interesting question.
The 80Hz filter is a crystal filter, so it is hard to change it's frequency,
without redesigning it for different crystals.
I don't have a manual for my D2006., so I don't know what adjustments there
are, or what the circuit is.

Denis, F6CRP has two D2006's in his shack, and has investigated the IF
bandwidths.
His website ... (notice he has both French and English versions of the site)
http://perso.wanadoo.fr/f6crp/0english/denise5.htm

His E-mail address: f6crp@wanadoo.fr

I should be interested to know what you find out.

73
Hugh M0WYE / G6TMK




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Hi Jan_Martin

I've got a similar problem with my level meters, they all seem to output
tones between 1000Hz and 1500Hz.

I'm considering using a cheap "Voice Modulator" IC the HT8950 from Holtek on
the output.
This is a simple 18 pin device designed for use in toys, but it offers the
ability to divide a tone by certain fixed ratios.
ISTR that they are 8/9, 4/5, 2/3 so that your 1000Hz could be reduced to say
666Hz with a single HT8950.
If you were to daisy chain two or more 8950's you could come up with any
number of combinations!
It also does "Robot" and "Vibrato" effects but I can't see those being much
use to us!  :-)
The 8950 is available in Maplin over here in the UK for about £2.50 and I
found the application notes on web by doing a search on Google.

73s Tracey

Does somebody know if it is possible to change the pitch?
It has 80Hz as well as 3100Hz bandwidth, but the pitch is ca
1000Hz and not too pleasant to listen to, would rather prefer 500Hz




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Thread-Topic: Re: SPM-12 & PS12
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Hi

Does somebody know if it is possible to change the pitch? 
It has 80Hz as well as 3100Hz bandwidth, but the pitch is ca
1000Hz and not too pleasant to listen to, would rather prefer 500Hz

73,
Jan_Martin
LA8AK (in JO38XC)  - Collector of German WW2 Radio equipment
N4623-Kristiansand (tel.: +47-380-87178)
http://www.laud.no/la6nca/la8ak/ 


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Hello all,

I doublechecked my PC today, it seems to be "clean". Further investigation 
showed that the infected mail was send from rik.strobbe@nexo.es, that is 
certainly not my e-mail adress.

73, Rik  ON7YD





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From: "Alan Melia" <Alan.Melia@btinternet.com>
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Hi all, thanks Fabian, I thought it looked like a locator format but the
signal must have been smashed up quite badly for me to read a Y and
J....very strange. I did have periods of TV SMPSU qrm......I think the YO
who might be active on the band is YO2IS ?? DL1VHF was not as strong as
OH5UFO, who was solid and audible,  all morning.

Anyway, thanks All for an interesting morning. I am not sure why propagation
should be good today except that there has been a lot of geomagnetic
activity recently and the "precipitated electrons" can often enhance daytime
D-layer propagation and at the same time destroy the normal good night-time
conditions.  Maybe it wasn't good maybe it was just that there was some good
activity and a strong station (Reino or DL1EIE ) at the heart of it.

To Laurie...I haven't a clue what's happening an the Atlantic path it may
not be too good ....but then again it might not be too bad....I will look
back in advance of Wednesday and see what it the run-up looks like. I have
been taking some plots of SXV which are in a separate page on my web site,
the overnight signal looks quite badly cut up at the moment, but the peak
levels are not too bad, so it may only be multipath rather than gross
absorption....it may be worth a try if you are set up and it doesnt require
too much extra effort, as this kind of conditions could bunt your signal up
if you are lucky enough to catch it right.

The problem is that my aerial is all messed up in the trees still, after the
gale, (it is probably higher than it was when it was strung properly !! and
without bows and arrows and catapults ) so I am not sure of the calibrated
levels recorded. I got the pole down today and will try to put it back to
normal during the week (slight bend in the pole straightened using the
"armstrong method" which will probably "work harden" it a bit  so it will
probably shatter completely next time !! ) The top section (15ft) is 1.5 in
TV aerial mast which isnt really strong enough, but acts as the "weak link"
bending or breaking before the scaffold poles takes too much strain. Well,
it worked this time.

Cheers de Alan G3NYK
alan.melia@btinternet.com




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From: =?iso-8859-1?Q?Jos=E9_Manuel?= <jpradoe@nexo.es>
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Hi Laurie and all:

I didn´t understand if your next Wednesday transmission will be on 73 or
on137 KHz. Will Ed transmit from RU6LWZ  Machta site?

73 de José Manuel, EA1PX

----- Original Message -----
From: "Laurie Mayhead" <laurie@g3aqc.freeserve.co.uk>
To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: Sunday, November 03, 2002 10:36 PM
Subject: LF: Re.73kHz


> Many thanks to all who reported on my 73kHz signals this morning.
> Recieving a report makes the effort worth while.
> Special thanks to Jose, pleased to be the first station you have heard on
> 73.You are my best CW DX.
> I am planning to be active again Wednesday next 6thNov.
> 1) Attempt to contact RU6LA,
>      QRSS10 1900-2000 UTC
>      QRSS30  2000-2100 UTC
> 2)If conditions look promising,will transmit 2200-0700
>     for a T/A attempt,this to be confirmed on the day.
> 73 Laurie.
>
>
>




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From: "Laurie Mayhead" <laurie@g3aqc.freeserve.co.uk>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Date: Sun, 3 Nov 2002 21:36:13 -0000
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Many thanks to all who reported on my 73kHz signals this morning.
Recieving a report makes the effort worth while.
Special thanks to Jose, pleased to be the first station you have heard on
73.You are my best CW DX.
I am planning to be active again Wednesday next 6thNov.
1) Attempt to contact RU6LA,
     QRSS10 1900-2000 UTC
     QRSS30  2000-2100 UTC
2)If conditions look promising,will transmit 2200-0700
    for a T/A attempt,this to be confirmed on the day.
73 Laurie.




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> DN1VLF wkg YO62QL ??(not seen)

It was JO62QL and that is the WW-Locator of DN1VLF, I guess (Berlin).

73, Fabian dj1yfk



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Reports [Sunday 136Khz only]

DN1VLF  QRSS   -31.5dB
OH5UFO QRSS  -29.5dB
DJ2LF    QRSS  -35.5dB
DK1IS    QRSS  -38.8dB
F6BWO  QRSS  -33.6dB
DF6NM  HELL   -31.3dB
IK5ZPV  QRSS  -45.1dB

73 de Ko, NL9222




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From: "cesare tagliabue" <cestag@dada.it>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
References: <50.144ef922.2af5adb3@aol.com> <002901c2832e$3f0ac580$0696ffbe@veronique>
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
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<DIV><FONT size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Hi Marc, Marcus and 
all</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Thanks for measurements 
made on my signal this morning, also DF6NM received my signals very well. The 
QSO I've made with OH5UFO was very fine, good signals both side, a great 
surprise for me to be received in Finland, over more than 2100 Km path, in spite 
of my little ERP. Evidently the propagation was very good ! Thanks again and 
73&nbsp; Cesare</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Cesare Tagliabue&nbsp;&nbsp; I 5 TGC<BR>WW-Loc&nbsp; JN53PS<BR>e-mail: <A 
href="mailto:cestag@dada.it">cestag@dada.it</A><BR>url: <A 
href="http://dai5tgc.dadacasa.supereva.it">http://dai5tgc.dadacasa.supereva.it</A><BR></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE 
style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px">
  <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">-----Messaggio Originale----- </DIV>
  <DIV 
  style="BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; FONT: 10pt arial; font-color: black"><B>Da:</B> <A 
  href="mailto:f5maf@free.fr" title=f5maf@free.fr>f5maf</A> </DIV>
  <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>A:</B> <A 
  href="mailto:rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org" 
  title=rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org</A> </DIV>
  <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Data invio:</B> domenica 3 novembre 2002 
  12.43</DIV>
  <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Oggetto:</B> Re: LF: Rcvd signals</DIV>
  <DIV><BR></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>This morning (9:45) good signal from 
  :</FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>OH1UFO -94 dB, ref : -75dB (138.83)</FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>I5TGC (9:45) : -100dB</FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>A signal with 73 SK at the endv (10:30), on 
  137.69 : -95 dB.</FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>But since 11:00 qrm from TV and 
  other.</FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>I saw others stations, but more qrm.</FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Antenna works well, soon&nbsp;on the 
  air.</FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>73 Marc</FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>F5MAF</FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>JN03PP</FONT></DIV>
  <DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
  <BLOCKQUOTE 
  style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px">
    <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message ----- </DIV>
    <DIV 
    style="BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; FONT: 10pt arial; font-color: black"><B>From:</B> 
    <A href="mailto:MarkusVester@aol.com" 
    title=MarkusVester@aol.com>MarkusVester@aol.com</A> </DIV>
    <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B> <A 
    href="mailto:rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org" 
    title=rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org</A> </DIV>
    <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B> Saturday, November 02, 2002 11:37 
    PM</DIV>
    <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B> Re: LF: Rcvd signals</DIV>
    <DIV><BR></DIV><FONT face=arial,helvetica><FONT face=Arial lang=2 size=2 
    FAMILY="SANSSERIF">Hi José,<BR><BR>mni tnx for the report - Reino OH1UFO and 
    myself had a nice QSO a few minutes ago (20:50 to 22:11). He was 
    transmitting QRSS around 137693Hz, and I answered in slow DFCW mode (137692 
    dit and 137694 dah, duty cycle 6s on / 2s off). Reino's outstanding 
    signal&nbsp; was OO and audible here, peaking abt 1µV/m with some QSB. At 
    21:40 he was sending his locator (KP11OO).<BR><BR>73 de Markus, DF6NM<BR>QTH 
    Nuernberg, JN59NK<BR><BR>
    <BLOCKQUOTE 
    style="BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px" 
    TYPE="CITE">Hi all:</FONT><FONT color=#000000 face=Arial lang=2 size=3 
      style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff" FAMILY="SANSSERIF"><BR><BR></FONT><FONT 
      color=#000000 face=Arial lang=2 size=2 style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff" 
      FAMILY="SANSSERIF">I´m receiving weak signals, at 21.40 UTC, on 137.693 
      KHz, but I can´t identify them.</FONT><FONT color=#000000 face=Arial 
      lang=2 size=3 style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff" 
      FAMILY="SANSSERIF"><BR><BR></FONT><FONT color=#000000 face=Arial lang=2 
      size=2 style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff" FAMILY="SANSSERIF">73, José 
      Manuel, EA1PX</FONT><FONT color=#000000 face=Arial lang=2 size=3 
      style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff" FAMILY="SANSSERIF"><BR></BLOCKQUOTE>
    <DIV><BR></FONT><FONT color=#000000 face=Arial lang=2 size=2 
    style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff" FAMILY="SANSSERIF"></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
    <DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
    <DIV><FONT color=#000000 face=Arial lang=2 size=2 
    style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff" FAMILY="SANSSERIF"><BR>---<BR>Outgoing 
    mail is certified Virus Free.<BR>Checked by AVG anti-virus system (<A 
    href="http://www.grisoft.com">http://www.grisoft.com</A>).<BR>Version: 
    6.0.408 / Virus Database: 230 - Release Date: 
24/10/02<BR></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE></FONT></FONT></BODY></HTML>

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José Manuel schrieb:
> Hi Markus, Reino and all:
>
> I saw  the final of your QSO with Reino on 137.693,DFCW/QRSS3, until 22.10.
>  It´s incredible for me, but I copied the Reino´s signals at 2900 Km!
> I copied then CQ´s of both of you, one of them at the same time ( I copied
>  the call of Reino as OH5UFO).
> I made some captures of the signals.
>
> 73 de José Manuel, EA1PX-loc IN53TI
>
>  ----- Original Message ----- 
>   From: MarkusVester@aol.com 
>   To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org 
>   Sent: Saturday, November 02, 2002 11:37 PM
>   Subject: Re: LF: Rcvd signals
>
>
>   Hi José,
>
>   mni tnx for the report - Reino OH1UFO and myself had a nice QSO a few
>  minutes ago (20:50 to 22:11). He was transmitting QRSS around 137693Hz, and
>  I answered in slow DFCW mode (137692 dit and 137694 dah, duty cycle 6s on /
>  2s off). Reino's outstanding signal  was OO and audible here, peaking abt
>  1µV/m with some QSB. At 21:40 he was sending his locator (KP11OO).
>
>   73 de Markus, DF6NM
>   QTH Nuernberg, JN59NK
>
Hi all,
........... and the night before I had a nice cw (manuell) QSO with
Reino/OH1TN. both sides 579 over a distance of 1115km! both  long wires 
as aerials (Reino 500m and hr 340m) and 100W tx output. 

sgns of stns of less distance were relatively weak.

regards
Uwe/dj8wx
  



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Ian Kyle" <ian.gi8ayz@virgin.net>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Date: Sun, 3 Nov 2002 15:11:25 -0000
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Bingo!  -  and just in time as I am completely out of four letter  words and
having to invent new ones..

Copied G3AGC in QRSS this morning and saw other  hand speed Morse
transmissions but actually heard nothing - didn't dare adjust anything while
there was a trace on the screen.
I don't know whether the accompanying JPEG will go through the reflector or
not but here goes anyway.

73 de

Ian  GI8AYZ/MI0AYZ

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From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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<HTML><FONT FACE=arial,helvetica><FONT  SIZE=2 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="2">Hi all,<BR>
<BR>
 wet weather but good propagation on 137kHz today, and plenty of fun in the qrss band - I saw OH5UFO, I5TGC, DL3JMM, DJ2LF, DN1VLF, DK1IS, F6BWO and now IK5ZPV, all OO. Also there was a weak unidentified station from a westerly direction, testing shortly between 13:05 and 13:10 on 137702.<BR>
<BR>
73 de Markus<BR>
</FONT></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Alan Melia" <Alan.Melia@btinternet.com>
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Hi all, I got wiped off 73k by a TV at 0903, so set up the web-capture page
and ran it for most of the morning. There was a lot of activity in Germany
but most not heard in the UK (by me at least) Reino was working loads of the
weak ones on qrss3, and was a good steady signal for most of the morning.
One interesting point is that he seemed to get stronger as the morning
progressed. This is in line with the daytime skywave plots that Brian
collects from DCF39. Best day-time signals are when the sun is overhead (or
due south at this time of year) at the mid-path point. As I have said
before....early morning ain't necessarily the best time.
The file below is what I use to annotate the web cappture page....no times
but it starts at about 0910z and finishes about 1220z.

DL1EIE 136.5
ON6ND136.37 wkg F6BWO
F6CWN QRSS 137.48  G6RO cq 136.82
OH5UFO qrss 137.72   G3OLB 136.45
G3XIZ 136.50.  DN1VLF 137.7qrss
G3OLB 136.45.OH5UFO wkg DL3JMM
DL1EIE 136.46. DN1VLF qrss 137.7
DN1VLF wkg YO62QL ??(not seen)
G6RO 136.8.G3XIZ clg DL1EIE 136.5
DF0WD 136.5 cq. DJ2LF qrss 137.72
UFO wkg 2LF & DK1IS

anything above 137.4 is QRSS3 if not stated. Jeff F6BWO was around later
also.

Not too many UK stations about though.

Cheers de Alan G3NYK
alan.melia@btinternet.com
web capture page
http://www.alan.melia.btinternet.co.uk/periodic.htm




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From: "Hugh Burnham" <g6tmk@thersgb.net>
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This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
--------------060803020003070500050609
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Hi Laurie,
Your QRSS signal received here (Wye, near Ashford in Kent) at 09:06 UTC
(Argo screen clip attached).
Clip shows AQC followed by K. I think you were sending some "ordinary" morse
at first (there was a faint, fuzzy line in Argo before the QRSS) - but I
couldn't hear anything through the speaker.
I think somebody replied to you, but I can't make out the morse characters.
I couldn't stay on radio very long because we had to out.

Ant: cardboard box 50cm x 50cm wound with 12 turns of 7/0.2 and resonated to
73kHz with22nF.
RX: Siemens Level Meter D2006 and Argo software.

73
Hugh M0WYE



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--------------060803020003070500050609--

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From: "f5maf" <f5maf@free.fr>
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<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>This morning (9:45) good signal from :</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>OH1UFO -94 dB, ref : -75dB (138.83)</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>I5TGC (9:45) :  -100dB</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>A signal with 73 SK at the endv (10:30), on 137.69 
: -95 dB.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>But since 11:00 qrm from TV and other.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>I saw others stations, but more qrm.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Antenna works well, soon&nbsp;on the 
air.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>73 Marc</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>F5MAF</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>JN03PP</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE 
style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px">
  <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message ----- </DIV>
  <DIV 
  style="BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; FONT: 10pt arial; font-color: black"><B>From:</B> 
  <A href="mailto:MarkusVester@aol.com" 
  title=MarkusVester@aol.com>MarkusVester@aol.com</A> </DIV>
  <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B> <A 
  href="mailto:rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org" 
  title=rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org</A> </DIV>
  <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B> Saturday, November 02, 2002 11:37 
  PM</DIV>
  <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B> Re: LF: Rcvd signals</DIV>
  <DIV><BR></DIV><FONT face=arial,helvetica><FONT face=Arial lang=2 size=2 
  FAMILY="SANSSERIF">Hi José,<BR><BR>mni tnx for the report - Reino OH1UFO and 
  myself had a nice QSO a few minutes ago (20:50 to 22:11). He was transmitting 
  QRSS around 137693Hz, and I answered in slow DFCW mode (137692 dit and 137694 
  dah, duty cycle 6s on / 2s off). Reino's outstanding signal&nbsp; was OO and 
  audible here, peaking abt 1µV/m with some QSB. At 21:40 he was sending his 
  locator (KP11OO).<BR><BR>73 de Markus, DF6NM<BR>QTH Nuernberg, JN59NK<BR><BR>
  <BLOCKQUOTE 
  style="BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px" 
  TYPE="CITE">Hi all:</FONT><FONT color=#000000 face=Arial lang=2 size=3 
    style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff" FAMILY="SANSSERIF"><BR><BR></FONT><FONT 
    color=#000000 face=Arial lang=2 size=2 style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff" 
    FAMILY="SANSSERIF">I´m receiving weak signals, at 21.40 UTC, on 137.693 KHz, 
    but I can´t identify them.</FONT><FONT color=#000000 face=Arial lang=2 
    size=3 style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff" 
    FAMILY="SANSSERIF"><BR><BR></FONT><FONT color=#000000 face=Arial lang=2 
    size=2 style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff" FAMILY="SANSSERIF">73, José Manuel, 
    EA1PX</FONT><FONT color=#000000 face=Arial lang=2 size=3 
    style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff" FAMILY="SANSSERIF"><BR></BLOCKQUOTE>
  <DIV><BR></FONT><FONT color=#000000 face=Arial lang=2 size=2 
  style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff" FAMILY="SANSSERIF"></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
  <DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
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24/10/02<BR></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></FONT></FONT></BODY></HTML>

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From: =?iso-8859-1?Q?Jos=E9_Manuel?= <jpradoe@nexo.es>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Date: Sun, 3 Nov 2002 11:29:52 +0100
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<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Hi all:</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Received CQ from F6CWA on 137.488 KHz, QRSS3, at 
10.17 UTC. I think he´s listening on 137.700.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>73, José Manuel, EA1PX, loc 
IN53TI</FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML>

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Message-ID: <003801c28324$6dc6c680$25119fd4@home>
From: "Dave Pick" <g3yxm@wireless.org.uk>
To: "LF Group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Date: Sun, 3 Nov 2002 10:33:19 -0000
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<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Message received from Eddi DK3UZ</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>
<DIV><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; To commemorate its 50th anniversary Germany's National 
Weather Service<BR>(Deutscher Wetterdienst - DWD) will stage an LF / Amateur 
Radio crossband<BR>event. DDH47 located in Pinneberg near Hamburg will transmit 
on 147.3kHz<BR>and QSX on 3565, 7025 and, if still open, 14052kHz. Amateurs are 
asked to<BR>send RST and their locator. The event will start on Friday, 
2002-11-08<BR>2230UTC and end on Saturday, 2002-11-09 0520UTC. From hh15-hh18 
and hh45-<BR>hh48 QRSS3 transmissions will be made. DDH47 runs 15kW into a 72m 
high<BR>vertical with a 3-wire top capacity. Pse see also <A 
href="http://www.eham.net">www.eham.net</A> calendar<BR>for further 
information.<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; 73, Eddi ._._.<BR>--</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;<FONT face=Arial size=2><A 
href="http://www.dwd.de/de/wir/Geschaeftsfelder/Seeschifffahrt/Sendeplaene/Amateurfunk/">http://www.dwd.de/de/wir/Geschaeftsfelder/Seeschifffahrt/Sendeplaene/Amateurfunk/</A></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Sorry if someone's posted this before.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Dave</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>G3YXM.</FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML>

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Message-ID: <002201c2831b$dae40f10$fe78a8c0@W1KW>
From: "Holger 'Geri', DK8KW" <holger.kinzel@qru.de>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
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Hello Larry,

in your mail to Alan, that went over the reflector, you mentioned an LDE
event. I heard you are investigating LDE events, is there any website where
those events are published? It always fascinated me when I heard about those
strange delayed echos, although I never have been able to observe one
myself.

Best 73

Geri, DK8KW (W1KW)


----- Original Message -----
From: "Larry Kayser" <kayser@sympatico.ca>
To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>; <alan.melia@btinternet.com>
Sent: Wednesday, September 25, 2002 2:43 AM
Subject: LF: Re LDE event.....


>
> Alan:
>
> Thank You for thinking of me, and for making the effort to send on the LDE
> event in VK.
>
> Sir, you are a treasure, a person who keeps giving and giving, I hope that
> this Thank You will be  just a tiny token of my appreciation for your
> efforts over the last few years.
>
> I hope your having a good day, it is sure a pleasure to write this public
> note of thanks for your efforts.
>
> Larry
> VA3LK
>
>



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From: "mike.dennison" <mike.dennison@ntlworld.com>
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EA1PX wrote:
>Strong signal on 71.750 KHz sending CQ G3AQC K at 9.02 UTC. It´s the first
signal that I copy on the band.


Jose, I will be transmitting QRSS3 on 71.650kHz most of Sunday morning. Can
you check for my sigs, please? I will be much weaker than Laurie, though.


Mike, G3XDV
http://www.lf.thersgb.net
====================



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From: "hamilton mal" <g3kev.ham@virgin.net>
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<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Hi All</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>One stn heard this morning, G3AQC on 73.76 khz 559 
at 0908 utc. Using a 90 metre vertical loop resonant on 73 khz but not optimum 
for his direction, broadside to the signal. </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>No other signals heard around this time. 
</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>CQ De G3AQC qsx 136 0908z 031102</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>73 de Mal/G3KEV</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV></BODY></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "g3ldo" <g3ldo@ukonline.co.uk>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
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Mike said:
>
> I put out a beacon using QRSS3 today (Saturday) and will do the same
> tomorrow morning around 0800 on 71.650kHz. Any reports would be
appreciated.

QRSS signal clearly audible at around S4.

Regards,
Peter, G3LDO

e-mail <g3ldo@ukonline.co.uk>

Web <http://web.ukonline.co.uk/g3ldo>




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I'm thinking of running a top loading wire parallel to (many) telephone
wires, about 1m from them over a distance of about 20-25m. Does anyone have
experience of any effects iin either direction?

Thanks

Steve



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<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Hi Laurie and all:</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Strong signal on 71.750 KHz sending CQ G3AQC K at 
9.02 UTC. It´s the first signal that I copy on the band.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>73 de José Manuel, EA1PX, loc 
IN53TI</FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML>

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From: "Alan Melia" <Alan.Melia@btinternet.com>
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Hi all, Nice signals from Peter G3LDO and Laurie G3AQC (about 100Hz higher)
this morning at 0849 both 579 in Ipswich....nice to hear both sides of an
aural qso on 73k.  Not the first but a rare event !!

Cheers and thanks de Alan G3NYK   JO02PB
alan.melia@btinternet.com






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From: =?iso-8859-1?Q?Jos=E9_Manuel?= <jpradoe@nexo.es>
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<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Hi Markus, Reino and all:</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>I saw&nbsp; the final of your QSO with Reino on 
137.693,DFCW/QRSS3, until 22.10. It´s incredible for me, but I copied the 
Reino´s signals at 2900 Km!</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>I copied then CQ´s of both of you, one of them at 
the same time ( I copied the call of Reino as OH5UFO).</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>I made some captures of the signals.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>73 de José Manuel, EA1PX-loc IN53TI</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;----- Original Message ----- </DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE 
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
  <DIV 
  style="BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; FONT: 10pt arial; font-color: black"><B>From:</B> 
  <A title=MarkusVester@aol.com 
  href="mailto:MarkusVester@aol.com">MarkusVester@aol.com</A> </DIV>
  <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B> <A title=rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org 
  href="mailto:rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org">rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org</A> 
  </DIV>
  <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B> Saturday, November 02, 2002 11:37 
  PM</DIV>
  <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B> Re: LF: Rcvd signals</DIV>
  <DIV><BR></DIV><FONT face=arial,helvetica><FONT lang=2 face=Arial size=2 
  FAMILY="SANSSERIF">Hi José,<BR><BR>mni tnx for the report - Reino OH1UFO and 
  myself had a nice QSO a few minutes ago (20:50 to 22:11). He was transmitting 
  QRSS around 137693Hz, and I answered in slow DFCW mode (137692 dit and 137694 
  dah, duty cycle 6s on / 2s off). Reino's outstanding signal&nbsp; was OO and 
  audible here, peaking abt 1µV/m with some QSB. At 21:40 he was sending his 
  locator (KP11OO).<BR><BR>73 de Markus, DF6NM<BR>QTH Nuernberg, JN59NK<BR><BR>
  <BLOCKQUOTE 
  style="PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px" 
  TYPE="CITE">Hi all:</FONT><FONT lang=2 style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff" 
    face=Arial color=#000000 size=3 FAMILY="SANSSERIF"><BR><BR></FONT><FONT 
    lang=2 style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff" face=Arial color=#000000 size=2 
    FAMILY="SANSSERIF">I´m receiving weak signals, at 21.40 UTC, on 137.693 KHz, 
    but I can´t identify them.</FONT><FONT lang=2 
    style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff" face=Arial color=#000000 size=3 
    FAMILY="SANSSERIF"><BR><BR></FONT><FONT lang=2 
    style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff" face=Arial color=#000000 size=2 
    FAMILY="SANSSERIF">73, José Manuel, EA1PX</FONT><FONT lang=2 
    style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff" face=Arial color=#000000 size=3 
    FAMILY="SANSSERIF"><BR></BLOCKQUOTE><BR></FONT><FONT lang=2 
  style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff" face=Arial color=#000000 size=2 
  FAMILY="SANSSERIF"><BR></BLOCKQUOTE></FONT></FONT></BODY></HTML>

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From: "Laurie Mayhead" <laurie@g3aqc.freeserve.co.uk>
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I will be on again tomorrow morning at about 0900, freq 71.75kHz.
I will listen on 73 and later on 136 for replies.
73 Laurie.



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<HTML><FONT FACE=arial,helvetica><FONT  SIZE=2 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="2">Hi José,<BR>
<BR>
mni tnx for the report - Reino OH1UFO and myself had a nice QSO a few minutes ago (20:50 to 22:11). He was transmitting QRSS around 137693Hz, and I answered in slow DFCW mode (137692 dit and 137694 dah, duty cycle 6s on / 2s off). Reino's outstanding signal&nbsp; was OO and audible here, peaking abt 1µV/m with some QSB. At 21:40 he was sending his locator (KP11OO).<BR>
<BR>
73 de Markus, DF6NM<BR>
QTH Nuernberg, JN59NK<BR>
<BR>
<BLOCKQUOTE TYPE=CITE style="BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px">Hi all:</FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff" SIZE=3 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="2"><BR>
 <BR>
</FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff" SIZE=2 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="2">I´m receiving weak signals, at 21.40 UTC, on 137.693 KHz, but I can´t identify them.</FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff" SIZE=3 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="2"><BR>
 <BR>
</FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff" SIZE=2 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="2">73, José Manuel, EA1PX</FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff" SIZE=3 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="2"><BR>
</BLOCKQUOTE><BR>
</FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff" SIZE=2 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="2"><BR>
</FONT></HTML>

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From: =?iso-8859-1?Q?Jos=E9_Manuel?= <jpradoe@nexo.es>
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<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Hi all:</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>I´m receiving weak signals, at 21.40 UTC, on 
137.693 KHz, but I can´t identify them.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>73, José Manuel, EA1PX</FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML>

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Received a good 579 signal from Laurie, G3AQC, this morning on 73kHz, though
I was too late to hear Peter, G3LDO.

I put out a beacon using QRSS3 today (Saturday) and will do the same
tomorrow morning around 0800 on 71.650kHz. Any reports would be appreciated.


Mike, G3XDV
http://www.lf.thersgb.net
====================





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Subject: LF: Dits among the dentures
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TOJO's TEETH: Dits among the dentures 

A post-war prank literally had Japan's vanquished World War II military leader chewing on words - 
the words "Remember Pearl Harbor." 

A U.S. Navy dentist drilled the message in Morse code into General Hideki Tojo's dentures during Tojo's imprisonment. 
And for the next three months, until the secret leaked out, Tojo masticated his sushi on the message. 

"It wasn't done in anger," recalled E.J. "Jack" Mallory, who made the dentures. 
"It's just that not many people had the chance to put those words into his mouth." 
Amateur Radio operator Mallory knew that if he wrote the words out, and they were discovered, 
he could be court marshaled. That's why he used Morse. 

George Foster, who died in 1990, was in on the secret. His assignment was to provide dental services at Sugama Prison, 
near Tokyo, where he extracted Tojo's teeth. "I figured it was my duty to carry out my orders," 
Foster wrote in 1988, "but that didn't mean I couldn't have some fun." 

Later, after the dentures were installed, Mallory and Foster took some buddies on an excursion to the prison to show off 
their masterpiece. "The only others in on this were my dentist roommates, all sworn to secrecy," Mallory said, "
but the secret was too juicy. One of them mentioned the escapade in a letter to his parents in Texas. 
They told his brother, who broadcast the story on a local radio station. 

Within days, the tale of Tojo's teeth was on radio stations everywhere." Mallory confessed to his commanding officer, 
who told him to hide while the story was denied.  (Some things never change. ed.) 

Using a crude grinder, Mallory removed the dots and dashes just in time. The next morning, a furious colonel called 
Mallory and his roommate. He barked, "Is it true that the message 'Remember Pearl Harbor' is inscribed in Tojo's dentures?" 
"No, sir!" the men answered truthfully. Mallory never learned whether Tojo found out about the trick, which the Japanese 
press ignored. But a dentist who succeeded Mallory told him the general complained about the dentures' looser fit.  

Mallory ran a dental practice near Sacramento until he retired in 1985. He has talked openly about the prank ever since 
he mustered out of the Navy. And there is a display about it in the Navy Dental Corps Historical Museum. 

In 1969, when Mallory returned to Japan for a reunion with Japanese dentists, he told them the tale over dinner. 
"They thought it was the funniest thing," Mallory said, "and they asked, 'Why didn't you tell us before?"' 

In 1948, Tojo, who had approved the surprise attack on Pearl Harbor that drew the U.S. into the war, 
and had been convicted of war crimes, was executed. 

= = =

>From the September '95 North Jersey DXA 'NJDXA Newsletter' Bob Greenquist, K2GHV, Editor -
who notes: Research indicates that 'Mallory' was probably N4ZN, who, according the ARRL, is now a Silent Key. 

73 de Ko, NL9222




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From: "g3ldo" <g3ldo@ukonline.co.uk>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
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Dick Rollema said:

>At this moment (0840 UTC) I hear G3LDO with CQ on 73kHz: RST 359 with the
aerial system tuned to 136kHz.

Thanks for the report Dick. Although I was sending a CQ I wasn't listening
much because I had to go out at 0900. I will try to be on at 0800UTC
tomorrow morning (Sunday 3/11) and will listen at the bottom end of the
73kHz band and also the 136kHz band.

I have cleaned all the insulators. The top support insulators showed slight
damage due to salt induced arcing so I have put on a very fine coat of
silicon grease on them to see if this will help. What seems to happen is
that a salt coated insulator still works OK but arcs over if it is raining
when the transmitter is on.

Regards,
Peter, G3LDO

e-mail <g3ldo@ukonline.co.uk>

Web <http://web.ukonline.co.uk/g3ldo>





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From: "Rik Strobbe" <rik.strobbe@fys.kuleuven.ac.be>
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<html>
As mentioned before in e-mails the mail was not sent by me (or my
computer). I received similar mails in the past that seemed to come from
other lf-group members. They were all stopped by the firewall
here.<br><br>
73, Rik<br><br>
At 11:41 1/11/2002 +0000, you wrote:<br><br>
<blockquote type=cite class=cite cite><font face="arial" size=2 color="#0000FF">Rik
- <br>
</font><br>
<font face="arial" size=2 color="#0000FF">You may have a virus.&nbsp;
This message was sent to my work account, which does not get LF reflector
messages.&nbsp; The firewall detected and removed the attachment.<br>
</font><br>
<font face="arial" size=2 color="#0000FF">Andy&nbsp;
G4JNT</font></blockquote></html>

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To: "LF-Group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
From: "Dick Rollema" <d.w.rollema@freeler.nl>
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<html>
<b>To Peter and All,<br><br>
At this moment (0840 UTC) I hear G3LDO with CQ on 73kHz: RST 359 with the
aerial system tuned to 136kHz.<br><br>
73, Dick, PA0SE</b></html>

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From: "WE0H" <we0h@core.com>
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<p class=MsoNormal><span class=EmailStyle18><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'>My ISP
rejected two messages from his address today saying that they had a specific
virus attached. This is what they emailed me <o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><font
size=2 color=navy face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
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color=navy face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";
color:navy;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><font
size=2 color=navy face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Courier New";color:navy'>The CoreComm Defender virus filter has detected a
virus</span></font><font size=2 color=navy face="Courier New"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:navy;mso-color-alt:
windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><font
size=2 color=navy face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Courier New";color:navy'>and prevented you from becoming infected by
destroying </span></font><font size=2 color=navy face="Courier New"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:navy;mso-color-alt:
windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><font
size=2 color=navy face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Courier New";color:navy'>the email message. We have notified the sender of the
</span></font><font size=2 color=navy face="Courier New"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:navy;mso-color-alt:
windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><font
size=2 color=navy face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Courier New";color:navy'>infection.</span></font><font size=2 color=navy
face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";
color:navy;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><font
size=2 color=navy face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Courier New";color:navy'><![if !supportEmptyParas]>&nbsp;<![endif]></span></font><font
size=2 color=navy face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Courier New";color:navy;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><font
size=2 color=navy face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Courier New";color:navy'>.::MESSAGE DETAILS::.</span></font><font size=2
color=navy face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";
color:navy;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><font
size=2 color=navy face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Courier New";color:navy'><![if !supportEmptyParas]>&nbsp;<![endif]></span></font><font
size=2 color=navy face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Courier New";color:navy;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><font
size=2 color=navy face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Courier New";color:navy'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span>MessageID:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
</span>BA004a86b3.00000001.mml</span></font><font size=2 color=navy
face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";
color:navy;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><font
size=2 color=navy face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Courier New";color:navy'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span>From:<span style="mso-spacerun:
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>rik.strobbe@nexo.es</span></font><font
size=2 color=navy face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Courier New";color:navy;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><font
size=2 color=navy face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Courier New";color:navy'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span>To:<span style="mso-spacerun:
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span>we0h@antivirus.core.com</span></font><font size=2 color=navy
face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";
color:navy;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><font
size=2 color=navy face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Courier New";color:navy'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span>Date:<span style="mso-spacerun:
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>11/1/2002 6:29:51 AM</span></font><font
size=2 color=navy face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Courier New";color:navy;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><font
size=2 color=navy face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Courier New";color:navy'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span>Subject:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>Re:
LF: Capacity hat puzzle</span></font><font size=2 color=navy face="Courier New"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:navy;mso-color-alt:
windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><font
size=2 color=navy face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Courier New";color:navy'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span>Virus:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span>Virus found - Exploit-MIME.gen.exe</span></font><font size=2 color=navy
face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";
color:navy;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><font
size=2 color=navy face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Courier New";color:navy'><![if !supportEmptyParas]>&nbsp;<![endif]></span></font><font
size=2 color=navy face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Courier New";color:navy;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><font
size=2 color=navy face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Courier New";color:navy'>.::SUGGESTED ACTIONS::.</span></font><font size=2
color=navy face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";
color:navy;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><font
size=2 color=navy face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Courier New";color:navy'>No further action is required.</span></font><font
size=2 color=navy face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Courier New";color:navy;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none'><font
size=2 color=navy face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Courier New";color:navy'><![if !supportEmptyParas]>&nbsp;<![endif]></span></font><font
size=2 color=navy face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Courier New";color:navy;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span class=EmailStyle18><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'><![if !supportEmptyParas]>&nbsp;<![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span class=EmailStyle18><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'>73&#8217;s,<o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>

<p class=MsoAutoSig><!--[if supportFields]><span class=EmailStyle18><font 
size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span 
style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</span>AUTOTEXTLIST \s &quot;E-mail 
Signature&quot; <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span></font></span><![endif]--><font
color=navy><span style='color:navy'>Mike&gt;WE0H</span></font><font color=navy><span
style='color:navy;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoAutoSig><font size=3 color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:navy'><a href="http://www.we0h.us/lf.html">http://www.we0h.us/lf.html</a></span></font><font
color=navy><span style='color:navy;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><!--[if supportFields]><span class=EmailStyle18><font 
size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span></font></span><![endif]--><span
class=EmailStyle18><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'><![if !supportEmptyParas]>&nbsp;<![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=2 color=black
face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black'>-----Original
Message-----<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>From:</span></b>
owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org <a
href="mailto:%5Bmailto:owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org%5D">[mailto:owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org]</a>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>On Behalf Of </span></b>Talbot Andrew<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Friday, November 01, 2002
5:42 AM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> 'LF Group (E-mail)'<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> FW: LF: Capacity hat
puzzle</span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]>&nbsp;<![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=2 color=blue face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:blue'>Rik - </span></font><font
color=black><span style='color:black;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=2 color=blue face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:blue'>You may have a
virus.&nbsp; This message was sent to my work account, which does not get LF
reflector messages.&nbsp;&nbsp;The firewall detected and removed the
attachment.</span></font><font color=black><span style='color:black;mso-color-alt:
windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=2 color=blue face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:blue'>Andy&nbsp; G4JNT</span></font><font
color=black><span style='color:black;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
12.0pt;margin-left:.5in'><font size=2 color=black face=Tahoma><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black'>-----Original
Message-----<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>From:</span></b> Rik Strobbe
[mailto:rik.strobbe@nexo.es]<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> 2002 November 01 11:10<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> Unlisted-recipients <br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> Re: LF: Capacity hat
puzzle</span></font><font color=black><span style='color:black;mso-color-alt:
windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=3 color=black
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>RAV AntiVirus
has deleted this file because it contained dangerous code! </span></font><font
color=black><span style='color:black;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=3 color=black
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>&quot;The
Information contained in this E-Mail and any subsequent correspondence&quot;<br>
&quot;is private and is intended solely for the intended recipient(s).&quot;<br>
&quot;For those other than the recipient any disclosure, copying, distribution,
&quot;<br>
&quot;or any action taken or omitted to be taken in reliance on such
information is&quot;<br>
&quot;prohibited and may be unlawful.&quot;</span></font><font color=black><span
style='color:black;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=1 color=black
face=Verdana><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black'>&nbsp;</span></font><font
color=black><span style='color:black'> </span></font><font color=black><span
style='color:black;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>


<div class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-left:.5in;text-align:center'><font
size=1 color=black face=Verdana><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:Verdana;
color:black'>

<hr size=1 width=343 style='width:257.25pt' align=center>

</span></font></div>


<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=1 color=black
face=Verdana><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black'>This
message scanned for viruses by <a href="http://www.core.com/">Corecomm</a> </span></font><font
color=black><span style='color:black;mso-color-alt:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

</div>

</body>

</html>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Message-ID: <004901c281e8$7b4c7800$b1a3edc2@oemuser>
From: "Urban ekholm" <urban.ekholm@hem-pc.bip.net>
To: "RSGB-LF-group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Date: Fri, 1 Nov 2002 21:51:40 +0100
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-Priority: 3
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
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Subject: LF: Loop preamplifier
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD>
<META http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
<META content="MSHTML 5.50.4807.2300" name=GENERATOR>
<STYLE></STYLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY bgColor=#ffffff>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Hello all !</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>I have made some experimenting&nbsp;with the loop 
preamplifier described on page&nbsp;29-30 in the Low Frequency Experimenters 
Handbook and below I share&nbsp;my results.&nbsp;</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>In the evenings I have had severe crossmodulation 
in the following way:</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Radio Sweden on 1179khz mixes with a station in 
Norway on 1314 and sometimes also with a station in Germany on 1044. Both giving 
a difference frequency of 135,0khz. The sidebands can be heard in the lower part 
of the lf-band and&nbsp;can be&nbsp;very strong in the evening with me, 
sometimes with the swedish, norwegian and german languages to be heard at the 
same time ! A wonderful experience !</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>How the&nbsp;mw signals come in to the preamp is a 
mystery as the amplifier is connected close to the loop and the loop Q is about 
110. I have tried to suppress 1179 with a resonant circuit in various 
configurations however no change was noted.</FONT></DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>
<DIV><BR>Anyway, I have changed the preamplifier circuit somewhat and the cross 
modulation now seems to have decreased a lot (not bothersome anymore) while the 
gain seems to be about the same (I have no means of measuring the gain). At 
least DCF has the same strength. Besides the mains noise seems to have 
decreased&nbsp;very much,&nbsp;possibly due to the much higher standing current 
in the FET:s.&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>One example&nbsp;is the noise generated by the diodes in the rectifiers for 
the TX power supply (yes, I have capacitors, 0.1uF,&nbsp;across each diode). 
Earlier I always had to switch off mains to the&nbsp;tx&nbsp; while listening. 
This is no longer necessary. This noise has completely disappeared.&nbsp;The 
band seems overall much quieter.</DIV>
<DIV></FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>The following&nbsp;items&nbsp;have 
been&nbsp;changed:</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>The 2N3819:s are replaced by high current FET:s 
BF246C (the same pinout).<BR>R3 and R4 are decreased from 2.2k to 270ohms<BR>The 
source lead in each FET is broken up and 150 ohm (see below though) in parallel 
with 0.1uF&nbsp;are inserted.<BR>The leads between the drains of the FET:s to 
the bases of the 2N2222:s are broken up and 47k in parallell with 0.1 
uF&nbsp;are inserted.<BR>R5 is decreased from 1k to 180 ohms.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>In my version I had to adjust one of the 150ohm 
resistors in the FET sources to obtain approximately the same currents through 
each FET resulting in that on one of the FET:s 150ohms had to be replaced by 120 
ohms. To check this, measure the voltage on each drain. On the one with 150 ohm 
the drain voltage was exactly 6V while on the other 6.6V. Decreasing to 120 ohms 
resulted in 6V on both drains. No other adjustments seem to be 
necessary.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>The current consumption has now increased to about 
72mA at 13.8V, divided into about 26mA through each FET and&nbsp;the 
rest&nbsp;through the 2N2222:s. The resistance of the 1mH choke now has some 
impact on the voltage to the transistors so I had to replace mine with a one 
with lower resistance than the one originally used..</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Hope this might help someone with the same problems 
as me.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Have a nice weekend !</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>73 de SM5EUF / Urban&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV></DIV></BODY></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: MarkusVester@aol.com
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Date: Fri, 1 Nov 2002 16:13:46 EST
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
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Subject: Re: Don't open "Re:LF:Capacity hat puzzle": fen-net
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<HTML><FONT FACE=arial,helvetica><FONT  SIZE=2 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="2">Hi Stewart and group,<BR>
<BR>
 I have just had talked to Walter DJ2LF on the phone. We had in fact reinstalled the OS on his computer in September, and named it "PCVONWALTER" (not "PC"). I crosschecked this with the headers of several private messages Walter has sent to me since, and an hour ago we actually verified that the name of his machine has not been changed.<BR>
<BR>
"hugo.fen-net.de" is the dial-in server of the regional provider "Freenet Erlangen-Nuernberg". So if you are using fen-net and you are on the reflector, please check if your machine's name is "PC" (e.g. Start-Einstellungen-Systemsteuerung-Netzwerk-Identifikation-Computername on a German language Win98).<BR>
<BR>
Greetings<BR>
Markus, DF6NM<BR>
<BR>
In einer eMail vom 01.11.02 20:30:04 (MEZ) Mitteleuropäische Zeit schreibt sn@scgroup.com:<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
<BLOCKQUOTE TYPE=CITE style="BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px">Hugh is also correct about the fen-net.de origin.&nbsp; There are three things<BR>
about a Bugbear message that are not faked:&nbsp; The outgoing mail server (here<BR>
hugo.fen-net.de aka mail.fen-net.de) is the one normally used by the victim.<BR>
The IP address (here dialin-nbg-018.fen-net.de [212.204.116.18]) is the<BR>
address the machine had when the virus was sent.&nbsp; And the machine name<BR>
(here 'PC') is also not forged.</BLOCKQUOTE><BR>
<BR>
</FONT></HTML>


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "hamilton mal" <g3kev.ham@virgin.net>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Date: Fri, 1 Nov 2002 19:58:23 -0000
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<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Very strong signal this evening on 135.8 
khz</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>de G3KEV</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV></BODY></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Stewart Nelson" <sn@scgroup.com>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
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Subject: Re: Don't open "Re:LF:Capacity hat puzzle" from Rik Strobbe (bug
 bear virus again!)
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Hi all,

The infected message certainly has nothing to do with Rik -- the From: address
is forged.

Hugh is also correct about the fen-net.de origin.  There are three things
about a Bugbear message that are not faked:  The outgoing mail server (here
hugo.fen-net.de aka mail.fen-net.de) is the one normally used by the victim.
The IP address (here dialin-nbg-018.fen-net.de [212.204.116.18]) is the
address the machine had when the virus was sent.  And the machine name
(here 'PC') is also not forged.

A search through recent postings found only Walter DJ2LF with an address
at fen-net.de .  But his messages (last one that I had saved was July 28)
all came from a machine named 'DEFAULT'.  So that machine is not the culprit.

IMO, there are two possibilities:  Walter got a new computer named 'PC' (or
a fresh OS install) and it is infected.  More likely, there is another
member, in the Nürnberg area, with a fen-net.de address, who has not posted
recently, but who has the virus.

If this might be you, there is information about bugbear at
http://securityresponse.symantec.com/avcenter/venc/data/w32.bugbear@mm.html
(Symantec), at
http://www.mcafee.com/anti-virus/viruses/bugbear/ (McAfee) or
at many other anti-virus sites.

73,

Stewart KK7KA


----- Original Message -----
From: "Hugh Burnham" <hugh@cscope.co.uk>
To: "LF-Group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: Friday, November 01, 2002 12:41 PM
Subject: Don't open "Re:LF:Capacity hat puzzle" from Rik Strobbe (bug bear virus
again!)


> Hi all
> Norton has just thrown up a Virus Alert (Bugbear) on a message
> "Re:LF:Capacity hat puzzle" purporting to be from Rik Strobbe (but
> necessarily his machine that is infected).
> This is an old message regurgitated by the Virus, to look plausible and
> refers to a message dated 18/09/2002
> It seems to have come from the domain name "hugo.fen-net.de" if that means
> anything to anyone ...
> 73
> Hugh M0WYE




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Subject: Re: Don't open "Re:LF:Capacity hat puzzle" from Rik Strobbe  (bug
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This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
--------------000302040202020302060207
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At 11:41 01/11/02 +0000, you wrote:

>Hi all
>Norton has just thrown up a Virus Alert (Bugbear) on a message
>"Re:LF:Capacity hat puzzle" purporting to be from Rik Strobbe (but
>necessarily his machine that is infected).
>This is an old message regurgitated by the Virus, to look plausible and
>refers to a message dated 18/09/2002
>It seems to have come from the domain name "hugo.fen-net.de" if that means
>anything to anyone ...
>73
>Hugh M0WYE
>

My AVG also threw it out - contaminated by "I-worm/Bugbear" it said.

Walter G3JKV.


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---
Outgoing mail is certified Virus Free.
Checked by AVG anti-virus system (http://www.grisoft.com).
Version: 6.0.401 / Virus Database: 226 - Release Date: 09/10/02

--------------000302040202020302060207--

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From: "mike.dennison" <mike.dennison@ntlworld.com>
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ON7YD wrote:
>>>>>>>>>
During lunchbreak I simulated your antenna (using MMAMA), making some
variations on the topload (always with 3 parallel wires). I guessed your
elevated inductance as 1mH.
Regardless of the topload configuration the radiation resistance is 0.047
Ohm.
The reactive part was :
for 3 wires joined at the near end (at the elevated coil) = -j3945 Ohm
(297pF)
for 3 wires joined at the far end = -j3924 Ohm (298pF)
for 3 wires joined at both ends = -j3900 Ohm (300pF)
for 3 wires joined in a zig-zag configuration = -j3921 Ohm (298.5pF)
According to MMAMA the way you join the wires shouldn't make much change
(less than 1%), but I do not know how well MMAMA behaves for very short
antennas (the figures I get for simple configurations such as a straight
vertical or inverted-L seem to be OK).
The most efficient way to increase antenna capacity at a limited space seems
to be spiral toploading as described by Alan at :
http://www.alan.melia.btinternet.co.uk/spiraltop.htm
MMAMA gives a for a 14m high antenna with a 10 by 10m spiral topload (5
turns)  and a 1mH elevated coil:
radiation resistance = 0.052 Ohm
reactance = -j2871 Ohm (408pF)
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<

Rik,

Thanks for those observations (McAfee warned me about the unwelcome
attachment).

The elevated coil is more like 3mH. The one I am using at present is Litz
and has a DC resistance of 5ohms.

The frequency increase was caused by removing the bridging wire from the
coil end of the three parallel top wires. I concluded that this was not
because I reconfigured the top section but because the bridging wire was
acting as a capacity hat that affected the coil. This is why I did the
experiment this week that led to the fire at the top of the mast. I was
trying to increase the capacitance close to the coil.

I am sure a 10mm spiral top loading would work as per your simulation, but I
have also simulated the reaction of my neighbours and the town council. The
computer told me I had been lynched and had no more lives left!

Back to the drawing board.

73

Mike, G3XDV
http://www.lf.thersgb.net
====================



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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References: <000a01c28115$07d9b640$041aebc3@BI57429bankinter>
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>Is transmission occuping from 135740 to 135840 Hz SXV?
>73 de José Manuel, EA1PX

Yes. It has been off the air for several months. It can be a useful
indication of medium range conditions.

Mike, G3XDV
http://www.lf.thersgb.net
====================



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Rik Strobbe wrote:

> ------------------  Virus Warning Message (on gemini3)
>
> Unbenannt.txt.pif is removed from here because it contains a virus.
>
> ---------------------------------------------------------






From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Alan Melia" <Alan.Melia@btinternet.com>
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Hi all there is another round of this thing using reflector addresses. I
have just received two meassages purporting to come via the reflector from
Rik. However both are 72k in length which is too long to be accepted by the
reflector. Both contain a double extension file. Being slightly "diss" this
morning I opened one, and it crashed my Outlook Express (Illegal operation
error....that trigger me off that it was trying to run something) McAfee
says I am still clean so I have taken the chance of sending this warning. It
looks like another reflector subscriber is infected......please scan your
systems with updated data (at or after 30/9/02 for McAfee)

Sorry to be the harbinger of bad news again
Cheers de Alan G3NYK
alan.melia@btinternet.com




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 virus again!)
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Hi all
Norton has just thrown up a Virus Alert (Bugbear) on a message
"Re:LF:Capacity hat puzzle" purporting to be from Rik Strobbe (but
necessarily his machine that is infected).
This is an old message regurgitated by the Virus, to look plausible and
refers to a message dated 18/09/2002
It seems to have come from the domain name "hugo.fen-net.de" if that means
anything to anyone ...
73
Hugh M0WYE






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From: "Talbot Andrew" <ACTALBOT@mail.dstl.gov.uk>
To: "'LF Group \(E-mail\)'" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Date: Fri, 1 Nov 2002 11:41:45 -0000
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Subject: FW: LF: Capacity hat puzzle
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This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
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<P><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial size=2><SPAN class=424223811-01112002>Rik - 
</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial size=2><SPAN class=424223811-01112002>You may 
have a virus.&nbsp; This message was sent to my work account, which does not get 
LF reflector messages.&nbsp;&nbsp;The firewall detected and removed the 
attachment.</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
class=424223811-01112002>Andy&nbsp; G4JNT</SPAN></FONT></P></DIV>
<DIV align=left class=OutlookMessageHeader dir=ltr><FONT face=Tahoma 
size=2>-----Original Message-----<BR><B>From:</B> Rik Strobbe 
[mailto:rik.strobbe@nexo.es]<BR><B>Sent:</B> 2002 November 01 
11:10<BR><B>To:</B> Unlisted-recipients <BR><B>Subject:</B> Re: LF: Capacity hat 
puzzle<BR><BR></FONT></DIV>RAV AntiVirus has deleted this file because it 
contained dangerous code! 
<DIV>"The Information contained in this E-Mail and any 
subsequent correspondence"<BR>"is private and is intended solely for the 
intended recipient(s)."<BR>"For those other than the recipient any disclosure, 
copying, distribution, "<BR>"or any action taken or omitted to be taken in 
reliance on such information is"<BR>"prohibited and may be 
unlawful."</DIV>
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