From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 24141 invoked from network); 30 Apr 2002 18:46:29 -0000 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 30 Apr 2002 18:46:29 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 26507 invoked from network); 30 Apr 2002 07:47:37 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 30 Apr 2002 07:47:37 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 172Tox-000255-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Tue, 30 Apr 2002 10:21:15 +0100 Received: from mail2.cc.kuleuven.ac.be ([134.58.10.50]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 172Tow-00024u-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 30 Apr 2002 10:21:14 +0100 Received: from LCBD15.fys.kuleuven.ac.be (LCBD15.fys.kuleuven.ac.be [134.58.80.15]) by mail2.cc.kuleuven.ac.be (8.12.1/8.12.1) with SMTP id g3U7gbGP082106 for ; Tue, 30 Apr 2002 09:42:38 +0200 Message-ID: <3.0.1.16.20020430083716.2e1747a6@pb623250.kuleuven.be> X-Sender: pb623250@pb623250.kuleuven.be X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 3.0.1 (16) Date: Tue, 30 Apr 2002 08:37:16 To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org From: "Rik Strobbe" Subject: Re: LF: It's up - No it's down or Antenna going on In-reply-to: <6887944.1020097477486.JavaMail.computernetworks@gomailjtp0 5> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: >My thoughts on the increased resistance are: > >a) the extension is above new ground outside the limits of the earth mat which covers most of my property. > >b) the wood is rather dense and there are many smaller trees filling the spaces, so it is very difficult to maintain the 2 metre separation recommended by Laurie and others, especially when the wind blows! > >Any thoughts? Hello John, The increase in resistance you encountered is probably not a real groundloss but rather a 'thee loss'. If the antenna wire goes high up with little distance to the greenery RF tends to take the trees as 'back-route' rather than the air. But despite the increased loss resistance your signal seems to be 6dB (1 S-point up), and after all that is what counts. I am also suffering from greenery losses, loss resistance varies from 100 Ohm in winter to 140 Ohm is summer. I did a lot of test to work arround this problem and found that the most efficient way to increase the radiation resistance was to put the loading coil (or at least a part of it) high up. The antenna current didn't increase (in fact there was a slight decrease), but the signal went up about 4dB. So always do some on-the-air testing to see if there is an improveemnt, don't just rely on antenna current. 73, Rik ON7YD From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 18814 invoked from network); 30 Apr 2002 17:20:08 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 30 Apr 2002 17:20:08 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 25968 invoked from network); 30 Apr 2002 16:10:45 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 30 Apr 2002 16:10:45 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 172ame-0003Nm-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Tue, 30 Apr 2002 17:47:20 +0100 Received: from nat5.excitenetwork.com ([63.236.75.7] helo=xmxpita.excite.com) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 172amd-0003NY-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 30 Apr 2002 17:47:19 +0100 Received: by xmxpita.excite.com (Postfix, from userid 110) id 2415B3E78; Tue, 30 Apr 2002 11:08:43 -0400 (EDT) To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: RE: LF: Mains QRM blanker by PA0LQ Received: from [62.253.64.8] by xprdmailfe8.nwk.excite.com via HTTP; Tue, 30 Apr 2002 11:08:43 EST From: "john sexton" MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Sender: computernetworks@excite.com X-Mailer: PHP Content-Type: text/html; charset=windows-1252 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Message-ID: <20020430150843.2415B3E78@xmxpita.excite.com> Date: Tue, 30 Apr 2002 11:08:43 -0400 (EDT) Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hi Dick,
The noise blanker is of interest here.
I find Spectran an excellent tool for providing the second item, the very narrow adjustable non-ringing audio filter. On its own it removes practically all of the noise.
73, John, G4CNN

--- On Tue 04/30, Dick Rollema wrote:
>
> To All from PA0SE


> Harry, PA0LQ, active on LF until his landlord forbade his aerial, lives
> in a 12 story apartment block of which corridors are permanently lit by
> fluorescent tubes. These caused such interference that only very strong
> signals could be copied. Harry then constructed a blanker that operates
> on the audio out of the receiver. The blanker can be synchronised to the
> mains frequency and produces blanking pulses of 50 or 100 Hz. Both width
> and position of the pulses can be adjusted for optimum blanking. This
> brought a great improvement in reception.

> Harry combined the blanker  with an active 30 Hz bandwidth
> non-ringing audio filter.


> I described both items in our VERON magazine Electron of June
> 2000.


> If there is interest I am willing to translate the text into English and
> send text and circuit diagram by e-mail to anyone requesting it. Or
> perhaps it could be placed on a website.

> But before taking action I await responses.


> 73, Dick, PA0SE
>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 239 invoked from network); 30 Apr 2002 15:36:59 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 30 Apr 2002 15:36:59 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 18617 invoked from network); 30 Apr 2002 08:53:20 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 30 Apr 2002 08:53:20 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 172UpE-0002FY-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Tue, 30 Apr 2002 11:25:36 +0100 Received: from nat8.excitenetwork.com ([63.236.75.10] helo=xmxpita.excite.com) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 172UpD-0002FT-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 30 Apr 2002 11:25:35 +0100 Received: by xmxpita.excite.com (Postfix, from userid 110) id B534EF662; Tue, 30 Apr 2002 04:46:58 -0400 (EDT) To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: RE: LF: Stronger Elastic...Tom?? Received: from [62.253.64.8] by xprdmailfe3.nwk.excite.com via HTTP; Tue, 30 Apr 2002 04:46:58 EST From: "john sexton" MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Sender: computernetworks@excite.com X-Mailer: PHP Content-Type: text/html; charset=windows-1252 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Message-ID: <20020430084658.B534EF662@xmxpita.excite.com> Date: Tue, 30 Apr 2002 04:46:58 -0400 (EDT) Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hi Alan,
Don't blame Tom, he did an excellent job. I supplied the nylon cord, which was not cheap by the way. What I should have done was just use it as a loose halyard and attach a second loop of strong rope, but I thought I could get away with it, famous last words! I suppose a 60 or more foot tree swaying in the wind can produce something approaching the irrestible force as in the old riddle. Elastic might be a good idea though.
73 John, G4CNN

--- On Mon 04/29, Alan Melia wrote:
> Hi Tom, can you try stronger elastic next time, and you will maybe get
> John
> right above my qrm !!
> It sounds like a good effort but I'm a bit confused by his results so
> far.
>
> Cheers de Alan G3NYK
> alan.melia@btinternet.com
>
>
>
>
>
>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 1507 invoked from network); 30 Apr 2002 14:40:36 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 30 Apr 2002 14:40:36 -0000 Received: (qmail 16217 invoked from network); 30 Apr 2002 09:16:48 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 30 Apr 2002 09:16:48 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 172VFX-0002LQ-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Tue, 30 Apr 2002 11:52:47 +0100 Received: from mail12.svr.pol.co.uk ([195.92.193.215]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 172VFW-0002LL-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 30 Apr 2002 11:52:46 +0100 Received: from modem-116.belegaer.dialup.pol.co.uk ([62.136.137.116] helo=g3aqc) by mail12.svr.pol.co.uk with smtp (Exim 3.35 #1) id 172Tia-0007pL-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 30 Apr 2002 10:14:41 +0100 Message-ID: <002801c1f027$c5711d80$05e9fea9@g3aqc> From: "Laurie Mayhead" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: LF: Re. Its up-no its down etc. Date: Tue, 30 Apr 2002 10:15:20 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2615.200 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hi John, I think the results you describe are reasonably consistant with the facts as you describe them,although the increase in signal as reported by Dave and I is perhaps a bit ambitious. Increasing the height of the antenna from 20 to 55 feet would mean an increase in Rres of x7.6 and hence a similar increase in Pwr radiated.(r prop.to h squared.). However the fact that only part of the ant.is at 55feet means that the inc.in height is not 2.75 times but rather less say times 2 (guess.but based on some experiments carried out here). This would result in an increase of 4 in pwr.radiated if it were not for the effect of the close proximity of the trees to the new wire, which will absorb power (The increase in R loss confirms the effect of the trees.which are a lossy capacitor.) So I guess that our reports were a bit ambitious, but it does look like there is a very good trade off between inreased height ( R prop. to h squared) and loss. So keep on trying!. Regarding the loading coil capacitance try putting a grounded screen between the coil and ground(but not too close to the coil) this certainly works for me. Elevated coils will work where the vert wire. is close to the trees but in your case this is not so likely to be effective. Hope this helps. 73s Laurie. From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 26634 invoked from network); 30 Apr 2002 14:19:56 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by exhibition.plus.net with SMTP; 30 Apr 2002 14:19:56 -0000 Received: (qmail 11112 invoked from network); 30 Apr 2002 14:19:45 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 30 Apr 2002 14:19:45 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 172ZjF-00039b-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Tue, 30 Apr 2002 16:39:45 +0100 Received: from mta05-svc.ntlworld.com ([62.253.162.45]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 172ZjE-00039W-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 30 Apr 2002 16:39:44 +0100 Received: from oemcomputer ([213.104.96.158]) by mta05-svc.ntlworld.com (InterMail vM.4.01.03.27 201-229-121-127-20010626) with SMTP id <20020430134919.HRSQ6938.mta05-svc.ntlworld.com@oemcomputer> for ; Tue, 30 Apr 2002 14:49:19 +0100 Message-ID: <000901c1f04d$d774f940$9e6068d5@oemcomputer> From: "mike.dennison" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org References: <20020430084658.B534EF662@xmxpita.excite.com> Subject: Re: LF: Stronger Elastic Date: Tue, 30 Apr 2002 14:49:20 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.50.4133.2400 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: G4CNN wrote: Elastic might be a good idea though. I use a tree to support the end of my antenna (see http://www.lf.thersgb.net/antenna.htm) and it moves about a metre in all directions. To prevent anything breaking, I use bungee cords (the sort you use to secure luggage) in series with the insulators on each wire at both ends of the top section. This has proved very effective. The mast that is attached to my house has a free-standing top section and this is designed to be flexible as well. The whole lot moving in a gale looks quite alarming, but it stays up. In my experience, an antenna system must be very flexible, or very rigid. Anything in between will break. After all, it is the old, brittle trees that fall down in a wind. Mike, G3XDV http://www.lf.thersgb.net ==================== From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 7788 invoked from network); 30 Apr 2002 13:51:39 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by exhibition.plus.net with SMTP; 30 Apr 2002 13:51:39 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 16557 invoked from network); 30 Apr 2002 13:50:52 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 30 Apr 2002 13:50:52 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 172ZTF-00036F-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Tue, 30 Apr 2002 16:23:13 +0100 Received: from mailgate5.cinetic.de ([217.72.192.165]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 172ZTD-000367-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 30 Apr 2002 16:23:12 +0100 Received: from web.de (fmomail02.dlan.cinetic.de [172.20.1.46]) by mailgate5.cinetic.de (8.11.2/8.11.2/SuSE Linux 8.11.0-0.4) with SMTP id g3UDiZX25238 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 30 Apr 2002 15:44:35 +0200 Date: Tue, 30 Apr 2002 15:44:35 +0200 Message-ID: <200204301344.g3UDiZX25238@mailgate5.cinetic.de> MIME-Version: 1.0 Organization: http://freemail.web.de/ From: "Hans-Albrecht Haffa" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: Re: LF: Mains QRM blanker by PA0LQ Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="------------010405010406030006070608" Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: This is a multi-part message in MIME format. --------------010405010406030006070608 Content-Type: text/html; charset=windows-1252 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org schrieb am 30.04.02 -----Ursprüngliche Nachricht wurde als Attachment angehängt.-----
Von:rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Gesendet:30.04.02
An:"Hans-Albrecht Haffa" <haffaHA@web.de>
Betreff:Re: LF: Mains QRM blanker by PA0LQ
To All from PA0SE

Harry, PA0LQ, active on LF until his landlord forbade his aerial, livesin a 12 story apartment block of which corridors are permanently lit byfluorescent tubes. These caused such interference that only very strongsignals could be copied. Harry then constructed a blanker that operateson the audio out of the receiver. The blanker can be synchronised to themains frequency and produces blanking pulses of 50 or 100 Hz. Both widthand position of the pulses can be adjusted for optimum blanking. Thisbrought a great improvement in reception.
Harry combined the blanker  with an active 30 Hz bandwidthnon-ringing audio filter.

I described both items in our VERON magazine Electron of June2000.

If there is interest I am willing to translate the text into English andsend text and circuit diagram by e-mail to anyone requesting it. Orperhaps it could be placed on a website.
But before taking action I await responses.

73, Dic k, PA0SE --------------010405010406030006070608 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=windows-1252; name="ATT09120.txt" Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Disposition: inline; filename="ATT09120.txt" LS0tLS1VcnNwcvxuZ2xpY2hlIE5hY2hyaWNodCAoSFRNTCkgd3VyZGUgYWxzIEFubGFnZSBi ZWlnZWb8Z3QuLS0tLS0NClZvbjogICAgICByc2diX2xmX2dyb3VwQGJsYWNrc2hlZXAub3Jn DQpHZXNlbmRldDogMzAuMDQuMDINCkFuOiAgICAgICAiSGFucy1BbGJyZWNodCBIYWZmYSIg PGhhZmZhSEFAd2ViLmRlPg0KQmV0cmVmZjogIFJlOiBMRjogTWFpbnMgUVJNIGJsYW5rZXIg YnkgUEEwTFENCg0KR/ZwcGluZ2VuLCAzMC4gMDQuMjAwMg0KRHIgT00gUEEwTFEsDQpvZiBj b3Vyc2UgSSBhbSBpbnRlcmVzdGVkIGluIHVyIGFydGljbGUgaW4gdGhlIFZFUk9OIENsdWIt TWFnYXppbmUuIExvb2tpbmcgZm9yZXdhcmQgdG8gYW4gcHVibGljYXRpb24gSSByZW1haW4g DQpzaW5jZXJlbHkgWW91cnMNCkhhbnMtQWxicmVjaHQgSGFmZmENCkRLIDggTkQgICANCmNi YSBvaw0KYm9vayAyMDAyIG9rDQpfX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19f X19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX19fX18NCkFsbCBpbmNs dXNpdmUhIDEwMCBNQiBTcGVpY2hlciwgd2VyYmVmcmVpLCBTTVMgZ/xuc3RpZ2VyLCBXdW5z Y2hydWZudW1tZXIsIEV2ZW50cywgDQpQcmVpc3ZvcnRlaWxlIHVuZCBtZWhyIHVudGVyIGh0 dHA6Ly9jbHViLndlYi5kZS8/bWM9MDIxMTA0 --------------010405010406030006070608-- From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 1637 invoked from network); 30 Apr 2002 13:05:48 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by exhibition.plus.net with SMTP; 30 Apr 2002 13:05:48 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 7044 invoked from network); 30 Apr 2002 13:05:09 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 30 Apr 2002 13:05:09 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 172Ykq-0002xR-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Tue, 30 Apr 2002 15:37:20 +0100 Received: from cmailenv2.svr.pol.co.uk ([213.218.77.54]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 172Ykp-0002xM-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 30 Apr 2002 15:37:19 +0100 Received: from [62.21.145.148] (helo=w8k3f0.freeler.nl) by cmailENV2.svr.pol.co.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.35 #1) id 172XDq-0002lr-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 30 Apr 2002 12:59:11 +0000 Message-ID: <5.1.0.14.0.20020430145204.00a25a60@POP3.freeler.nl> X-Sender: FRE0000086604@POP3.freeler.nl X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1 Date: Tue, 30 Apr 2002 15:07:15 +0200 To: "LF-Group" From: "Dick Rollema" Subject: LF: Mains QRM blanker by PA0LQ MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/html; charset=windows-1252 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Content-transfer-encoding: 8bit To All from PA0SE

Harry, PA0LQ, active on LF until his landlord forbade his aerial, lives in a 12 story apartment block of which corridors are permanently lit by fluorescent tubes. These caused such interference that only very strong signals could be copied. Harry then constructed a blanker that operates on the audio out of the receiver. The blanker can be synchronised to the mains frequency and produces blanking pulses of 50 or 100 Hz. Both width and position of the pulses can be adjusted for optimum blanking. This brought a great improvement in reception.
Harry combined the blanker  with an active 30 Hz bandwidth non-ringing audio filter.

I described both items in our VERON magazine Electron of June 2000.

If there is interest I am willing to translate the text into English and send text and circuit diagram by e-mail to anyone requesting it. Or perhaps it could be placed on a website.
But before taking action I await responses.

73, Dick, PA0SE From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 7655 invoked from network); 30 Apr 2002 08:44:59 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by exhibition.plus.net with SMTP; 30 Apr 2002 08:44:59 -0000 Received: (qmail 842 invoked from network); 29 Apr 2002 23:52:17 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 29 Apr 2002 23:52:17 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 172MNg-0000wm-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Tue, 30 Apr 2002 02:24:36 +0100 Received: from rhenium.btinternet.com ([194.73.73.93]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 172MNf-0000wh-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 30 Apr 2002 02:24:35 +0100 Received: from host213-122-243-101.in-addr.btopenworld.com ([213.122.243.101] helo=default) by rhenium.btinternet.com with smtp (Exim 3.22 #8) id 172Kqk-0001cI-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 30 Apr 2002 00:46:30 +0100 Message-ID: <004d01c1efd8$177b1040$ecf97ad5@default> From: "Alan Melia" To: "LF-Group" Subject: LF: Stronger Elastic...Tom?? Date: Tue, 30 Apr 2002 00:35:11 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.72.3110.5 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hi Tom, can you try stronger elastic next time, and you will maybe get John right above my qrm !! It sounds like a good effort but I'm a bit confused by his results so far. Cheers de Alan G3NYK alan.melia@btinternet.com From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 18075 invoked from network); 30 Apr 2002 03:36:33 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by exhibition.plus.net with SMTP; 30 Apr 2002 03:36:33 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 23985 invoked from network); 29 Apr 2002 21:26:25 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 29 Apr 2002 21:26:25 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 172K8e-0000WW-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Tue, 30 Apr 2002 00:00:56 +0100 Received: from imo-m10.mx.aol.com ([64.12.136.165]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 172K8d-0000WR-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 30 Apr 2002 00:00:55 +0100 Received: from DL4YHF@aol.com by imo-m10.mx.aol.com (mail_out_v32.5.) id l.144.dbb8686 (4264) for ; Mon, 29 Apr 2002 17:22:06 -0400 (EDT) From: DL4YHF@aol.com Message-ID: <144.dbb8686.29ff137d@aol.com> Date: Mon, 29 Apr 2002 17:22:05 EDT Subject: Re: Re: LF: LF activity today. To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/html; charset=windows-1252 X-Mailer: AOL 6.0 for Windows XP DE sub 50 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Content-transfer-encoding: 8bit Hello Giulio and group,

Giulio wrote:
> Well with I station all the three location are the same, but for the DX
station there is big difference, for example with NM and WD in Hell,
yesterday not a wisp from my home qth
<

Well, your TX signal from the "big" antenna has absolutely no problem to cross the Alps, I could *hear* your signal sometimes during last weekend. We already had a 'solid copy' QRSS qso (I think while we were waiting for RU6), with a bit of luck even a normal CW QSO could be possible.

Did you consider to build a loop with adjustable 'elevation' ? A system of two orthogonal loops may be helpful in an experiment to find the elevation.
Markus (NM) has a very interesting RX system for azimuth detection on a waterfall which may be modified to detect the elevation of a signal. I am planning to build such a system based on his plans (and software) as soon as possible.

Good luck,
  Wolf  DL4YHF / DF0WD (JO42fd).

P.S.: About the crude Hell letters from DF0WD which looked a bit like "Lego blocks":
I used a simple 'sequential single-tone' Hell signal, while Markus transmitted in Chirped Multi-Tone hell which gives a nicer spectrum and allows narrower bandwidth without smearing. But you need a quite linear TX for it, otherwise the important amplitude shape gets lost.



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 19356 invoked from network); 30 Apr 2002 00:32:15 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 30 Apr 2002 00:32:15 -0000 Received: (qmail 18732 invoked from network); 29 Apr 2002 19:59:07 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 29 Apr 2002 19:59:07 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 172InI-0000IE-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Mon, 29 Apr 2002 22:34:48 +0100 Received: from www.gardaol.com ([195.223.232.51] helo=netregister.it ident=root) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 172InH-0000I9-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 29 Apr 2002 22:34:47 +0100 Received: from ik2dedlibero (brescia30.phoenix.it [213.82.97.94]) by netregister.it (8.11.4/8.11.4) with SMTP id g3TJucp20776 for ; Mon, 29 Apr 2002 21:56:38 +0200 Message-ID: <002901c1de6b$d8072b60$5e6152d5@it> From: "Giulio Scaroni" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org References: Subject: Re: LF: LF activity today. Date: Sun, 7 Apr 2002 21:37:10 +0200 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2919.6600 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hi, Claudio wrote: > I had a nice QSO in QRSS with IK4JSJ, about 250 km. It was transmitting with > only 3 watt power, very QRP for LF. No signals from north, I think thah my QTH > is too near the Alps, may be that long waves don't like walk over high > mountains. Yes may be, is exactly the impressione that i have here Claudio, sometimes Cesare I5TGC receive DL station better than me also if he is 250 KM far from DL land than my location. Also some qso i have had from my home station in JN55CM with DL were made with many deep fading. Another question is that Cesare receive DCF39 with a qsb of more than 30 dB, here i have not noticed qsb more that 10 dB, may be that ground wave dont walk well in the Alps?? Or we receive better with the signal reflected from ionosphere, so not at low angle? Here now i can monitor three different receiver at the same time, one is here at my home (EDK300 RFT) , just under first Alps mountain, JN55CM, one is the in JN55IO, at about 650 meters on sea level on Alps, were he have made a 137 khz to 2 meters VHF relay that feed all the central/west Padana (Milano, Cremona, Bergamo, Brescia,.....), and the other is at JN55JE, were i have my station totally remoted from home, that is in the midlle of the Padana valley. Well with I station all the three location are the same, but for the DX station there is big difference, for example with NM and WD in Hell, yesterday not a wisp from my home qth, not from Mantova, but only from the station in JN55IO was possible to receive signal, with M0BMU last week was the opposite, much better with the signal received in my remote station, also the same with RA6 spedition........ Very interesting, but the RX antenna are not the same in all the location, so may be that vertical antenna with low angle like i have in Mantova, work well under some condition, the other under different condition. The same happens in 160, for example with qso with NA station, early in evening here, or in night the better is receive with very low angle antenna , like with a 1 or 2 wavelenght beverage, while at my sunrise the beverage dont work and many loud signal are present on high angle antenna, like for example a low dipole full size put at 2 meters high from ground ( hi hi pratically in earth for 160!). In many years of dxing in 160, i have had a high angle opening in night with USA/CANADA may be not more than 5 times!!!! the same is reported by W8JI Tom an active topbanders. May be that also in LF the signal comes from different angles?? I dont know, here in LF i am a newcomers, but all this is interesting to monitor. 73 to all and see you in 136!! Giulio IK2DED. From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 2305 invoked from network); 29 Apr 2002 22:40:50 -0000 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 29 Apr 2002 22:40:50 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 25570 invoked from network); 29 Apr 2002 15:32:16 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 29 Apr 2002 15:32:16 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 172Ec7-00083g-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Mon, 29 Apr 2002 18:06:59 +0100 Received: from mail2.cc.kuleuven.ac.be ([134.58.10.50]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 172Ec6-00083b-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 29 Apr 2002 18:06:58 +0100 Received: from LCBD15.fys.kuleuven.ac.be (LCBD15.fys.kuleuven.ac.be [134.58.80.15]) by mail2.cc.kuleuven.ac.be (8.12.1/8.12.1) with SMTP id g3TFSMMX135348 for ; Mon, 29 Apr 2002 17:28:22 +0200 Message-ID: <3.0.1.16.20020429162301.6dcfe954@pb623250.kuleuven.be> X-Sender: pb623250@pb623250.kuleuven.be X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 3.0.1 (16) Date: Mon, 29 Apr 2002 16:23:01 To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org From: "Rik Strobbe" Subject: Re: LF: Rik's info on antennas In-reply-to: <5.1.0.14.0.20020422135916.00a1cec0@POP3.freeler.nl> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hello Dick & LF-group, Thanks for the 'flowers'. But what you see on my LF antenna pages reflects the work of many, my contribution is mainly to put things together and make it available on the web. In the near future I indent to add a chapter on small loop antennas (for transmitting), but in contradiction to small verticals there seems little information available on that subject. Over the past weeks I have received a lot of usefull information about the radiation resistance and inductance of small loops, but any other information is still most welcome (either direct or via reflector). 73, Rik ON7YD At 14:03 22/04/02 +0200, you wrote: >To All from PA0SE > >The website of Rik, ON7YD, features a 27 page section on antennas and >related subjects. I am really impressed by the amount of useful information >that Rik has brought together. It is almost a textbook on LF-antennas. >Anyone seeking information on LF-antennas will be well advised to consult >Rik's website and few questions will remain unanswered. > >Well done Rik! > >73, Dick, PA0SE >Attachment Converted: "C:\EUDORA\ATTACH\LFRik'si.htm" > From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 14492 invoked from network); 29 Apr 2002 22:14:35 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by exhibition.plus.net with SMTP; 29 Apr 2002 22:14:35 -0000 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 16061 invoked from network); 29 Apr 2002 17:06:57 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 29 Apr 2002 17:06:57 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 172G5S-0008N5-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Mon, 29 Apr 2002 19:41:22 +0100 Received: from smtp.tiscalinet.it ([195.130.225.147] helo=mail.tiscalinet.it) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 172G5R-0008Mz-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 29 Apr 2002 19:41:21 +0100 Received: from orion.pii.net (62.10.7.158) by mail.tiscalinet.it (5.5.057) id 3CAC025B00C42C92 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 29 Apr 2002 19:02:44 +0200 Received: (from clapo@localhost) by orion.pii.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) id TAA00719 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 29 Apr 2002 19:02:36 +0200 Message-ID: X-Mailer: XFMail 1.3 [p0] on Linux X-Priority: 3 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit MIME-Version: 1.0 In-reply-to: <002201c1de4d$4bb3b0c0$546152d5@it> Date: Mon, 29 Apr 2002 19:02:36 +0200 (CEST) From: "Claudio" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: RE: LF: LF activity today. Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hello! On 07-Apr-02 Giulio Scaroni wrote: > > In band today was the following station: > IK5ZPV cw 136.5 Valerio > IK2PII 137.7 Claudio > IK4JSJ 137.7 Florio I had a nice QSO in QRSS with IK4JSJ, about 250 km. It was transmitting with only 3 watt power, very QRP for LF. No signals from north, I think thah my QTH is too near the Alps, may be that long waves don't like walk over high mountains. Also nice QSO with I5TGC in QRSS/Hell mode. > Nice to receive DF6NM and DF0WD in Hell, very clear around 11.30 z 137.7 khz > ( i prefer the small letters of DF6NM than the bigger used from DF0WD), and > also I5TGC Cesare this afternoon in Hell at 137.7 khz. > This morning i have called DN1VLF at 137.7 without answer, his signal was an > MMM when was cqing. 73 de Claudio, IK2PII ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Claudio Pozzi http://www.qsl.net/ik2pii happy Linux user E-Mail: Claudio Date: 29-Apr-02 Time: 18:58:41 This message was sent by XFMail ---------------------------------------------------------------------- From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 28603 invoked from network); 29 Apr 2002 22:08:35 -0000 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 29 Apr 2002 22:08:35 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 9928 invoked from network); 29 Apr 2002 19:25:08 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 29 Apr 2002 19:25:08 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 172IFT-0000Bb-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Mon, 29 Apr 2002 21:59:51 +0100 Received: from anchor-post-33.mail.demon.net ([194.217.242.91]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 172IFS-0000BW-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 29 Apr 2002 21:59:50 +0100 Received: from telemetry.demon.co.uk ([194.222.19.114]) by anchor-post-33.mail.demon.net with smtp (Exim 3.35 #1) id 172GiT-000450-0X for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 29 Apr 2002 20:21:43 +0100 Message-ID: <9HrhdFAC0Zz8EwGX@telemetry.demon.co.uk> Date: Mon, 29 Apr 2002 20:20:34 +0100 To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org From: "Tom Boucher" Subject: LF: It's up - No it's down or Antenna going on (????) In-reply-to: <6887944.1020097477486.JavaMail.computernetworks@gomailjtp05> MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Mailer: Turnpike (32) Trial Version 3.05 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: John G4CNN Does this mean I need to schedule another visit or is the halyard still over the tree? 73, Tom G3OLB From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 28774 invoked from network); 29 Apr 2002 21:57:33 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 29 Apr 2002 21:57:33 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 4932 invoked from network); 29 Apr 2002 16:31:07 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 29 Apr 2002 16:31:07 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 172FXM-0008HT-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Mon, 29 Apr 2002 19:06:08 +0100 Received: from [204.202.140.199] (helo=webmailmta.go.com) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 172FXK-0008HJ-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 29 Apr 2002 19:06:07 +0100 Received: from gomailjtp05 ([10.212.0.165]) by mta07.seamail.go.com (Sun Internet Mail Server sims.4.0.2001.07.26.11.50.p9) with ESMTP id <0GVC00LEI874KE@mta07.seamail.go.com> for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 29 Apr 2002 09:23:28 -0700 (PDT) Date: Mon, 29 Apr 2002 09:24:37 -0700 (PDT) From: "John Sexton" Subject: LF: It's up - No it's down or Antenna going on To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Message-ID: <6887944.1020097477486.JavaMail.computernetworks@gomailjtp05> MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Mailer: GoMail 3.0.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hi All, A couple of weeks back Tom, G3OLB, brought his catapult round and we managed to get a line up into the crown of one of the tall trees overlooking my small piece of real estate. Subsequently I used this to pull up a wire but couldn't find the right tap on the loading coil to tune it. Tuning using a G0MRF Tx can be troublesome, because of the inbuilt Current Limiter, which operates unless you are already quite close to tune. At this point I decided it was time to build Alan's (G3NYK) Antenna bridge design as described on his web site. Once the bridge was completed it immediately proved its worth, by showing me the capacitance of the new wire was higher than I had expected, but also that the ground resistance had considerably increased. With this information I soon managed to pick the right tap and tune the loading coil to get an SWR at the Tx of 1:1. This confirmed the increased ground resistance as having increased from 93 ohms to 130 ohms. The helical vertical that I have previously described was disconnected in the new arrangement and just the original inverted L type of vertical consisting of a total of 80 feet (24m) at a height of about 20 feet (7m) (ground resistance 93 ohm) connected to 60 feet (18m) of new wire at an angle of 40 degrees (44 grades) or so out across the neighbouring wood up to a total height of 55 feet (17m) (now 130 ohm). My thoughts on the increased resistance are: a) the extension is above new ground outside the limits of the earth mat which covers most of my property. b) the wood is rather dense and there are many smaller trees filling the spaces, so it is very difficult to maintain the 2 metre separation recommended by Laurie and others, especially when the wind blows! Any thoughts? On Saturday I managed 2 QSOs with Dave G3YXM and Laurie G3AQC. Both gave me much better reports than before 7-8 from Dave and 8 from Laurie. About 1 S point better. Then it happened, the weekend storm got going and by Sunday morning, the nylon cord that I had been assured could stand several hundred weight (lots of kilos) had snapped. Conclusion 6H round braid nylon cord is not man enough for the job. I wish I had used my polypropylene rope now, but everyone tells me it goes brittle, although this has not happened to any of the mast guys that I used it for. Just as I was going to try calling those continentals who can never hear me&. Never mind, try try again as they say. Another interesting result of using the Antenna bridge is that the capacitance it showed for just the antenna wire without the loading coil was about 60 pF less than the value obtained after loading up the Tx and tuning the loading coil. This must therefore be the capacitance of the loading coil to ground. Quite high. The figures are a bit tentative at the moment, but when an Antenna of some sort has been re-constructed, I shall use the bridge to measure the capacitance with and without the loading coil attached (but disconnected from the Tx) in an attempt to get more accurate results. 73, John, G4CNN ___________________________________________________ GO.com Mail Get Your Free, Private E-mail at http://mail.go.com From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 1085 invoked from network); 29 Apr 2002 17:29:21 -0000 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 29 Apr 2002 17:29:21 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 3276 invoked from network); 29 Apr 2002 14:20:25 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 29 Apr 2002 14:20:25 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 172DSO-0007qm-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Mon, 29 Apr 2002 16:52:52 +0100 Received: from hestia.herts.ac.uk ([147.197.200.9]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 172DSN-0007qh-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 29 Apr 2002 16:52:51 +0100 Received: from gemini ([147.197.200.44] helo=gemini.herts.ac.uk) by hestia.herts.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.22 #1) id 172BvS-0007Zt-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 29 Apr 2002 15:14:46 +0100 Received: from [147.197.232.252] (helo=rsch-15.herts.ac.uk) by gemini.herts.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #1) id 172BvR-0001KY-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 29 Apr 2002 15:14:45 +0100 Message-ID: <5.1.0.14.0.20020429130009.00a7ca10@gemini.herts.ac.uk> X-Sender: mj9ar@gemini.herts.ac.uk X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1 Date: Mon, 29 Apr 2002 15:16:18 +0100 To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org From: "James Moritz" Subject: RE: LF: Jason reception - Mains noise In-reply-to: References: <002701c1ee0e$362c24a0$19676ec3@cestag> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Dear LF Group, At my QTH I find there are basically 2 types of "mains" LF QRM - The first type seems to be harmonics of the mains frequency, and originating from phase-controlled devices like dimmers and motor speed controls, and also discharge lamps. If you look at the waveforms in these devices, they have sharp spikes and ringing at each switching transition, so the harmonic amplitude only rolls off slowly with increasing frequency, giving a fairly uniform spectrum over a wide bandwidth. The second type are things like SMPSUs, which have a "carrier" and harmonics of the switching frequency, with superimposed modulation at multiples of 50Hz giving wide sidebands. Tuning around, you can often identify the "carrier" - I currently have one quite close to 70kHz, with a harmonic at 140kHz. The mechanism of the mains frequency modulation of the witching frequency seems to lie with the bridge rectifiers on the mains input. The rectifier diodes only conduct on the peaks of the mains waveform, and so act like diode switches, switching on and off at 50Hz, modulating the higher frequency noise currents flowing down the mains cable. Most of the noise seems to get from appliance to antenna via mains or other wiring, and certainly seems to be more of an "H field" mode produced by inductive coupling between loops of conductor and the antenna - I find that loops invariably give poor results for this reason if they are near the building, but once moved several metres away the noise level is much lower. The noise seems to be able to propagate a long way down the cable at LF, so mains noise can be high even down the road far away from buildings, if there is a mains cable nearby. Using a ferrite rod antenna as a probe, and a battery operated RX there is plenty of noise on the mains cables of my house, even when the power is switched off completely, presumably coming from the rest of the neighborhood. In the UK at least, there do not seem to be regulatory limits on conducted EMI for frequencies below 150kHz, so there is no particular incentive for designers to reduce LF noise going down mains cables. For the same reason, mains filters often do not give much attenuation at LF. At my QTH, the mains noise sometimes shows up as discrete spectral lines at 50 or 100Hz intervals, however, much of the time allthough you can hear a strong mains buzz in the noise, it just appears as a fairly uniform, wide band mush on a spectrogram. It is more instructive to look at this kind of noise at the receiver IF output in the time domain, preferably with a fairly wide bandwidth, using a scope triggered from the "line" frequency. Several peaks can be seen, some of which are synchronised with the mains waveform, while others move back and forth on the trace. The amplitude of the peaks seems to vary rapidly in a random sort of way. When I was having severe noise problems a couple of months ago, I considered the noise blanker type schemes that have been suggested, but since there are several (8 or more) noise impulses in each mains cycle, and some of them have continuously changing phase, this did not seem to be feasible in my case. It would seem to be hard to filter this type of noise out of the received signal - even when there are discrete spectral lines, they are usually drifting quite fast. Cheers, Jim Moritz 73 de M0BMU From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 18258 invoked from network); 28 Apr 2002 18:29:14 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by exhibition.plus.net with SMTP; 28 Apr 2002 18:29:14 -0000 Received: (qmail 11283 invoked from network); 28 Apr 2002 18:29:12 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 28 Apr 2002 18:29:12 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 171uux-0005BG-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Sun, 28 Apr 2002 21:05:07 +0100 Received: from moutvdomng1.kundenserver.de ([212.227.126.181]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 171uuw-0005BB-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sun, 28 Apr 2002 21:05:06 +0100 Received: from [212.227.126.161] (helo=mrvdomng0.kundenserver.de) by moutvdomng1.kundenserver.de with esmtp (Exim 3.22 #2) id 171tO0-00064z-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sun, 28 Apr 2002 20:27:00 +0200 Received: from pd9014a3f.dip.t-dialin.net ([217.1.74.63] helo=diolog.de) by mrvdomng0.kundenserver.de with esmtp (Exim 3.22 #2) id 171tNz-0005Of-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sun, 28 Apr 2002 20:27:00 +0200 From: "Fabian Kurz" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: LF: Re: LF activity today. Date: Sun, 28 Apr 2002 18:12:59 +0200 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Priority: 3 X-Mailer: Microsoft Internet Mail 4.70.1155 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Message-ID: Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hello, really nice activity today on QRSS! Wked G3XDV (Did you get my call right, Mike? ;) althought my antenna-current was only half the normal value due to rainy WX, and hrd/saw DF0WD and DF6NM in Hell (actually DF6NM's letters were more comfortable to read) and in PSK31 later. Also tried to call IK2DED with no success (sigs were only M here). 73, Fabian dj1yfk ---------- Von: Giulio Scaroni An: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Betreff: LF: LF activity today. Datum: Sonntag, 7. April 2002 18:00 In band today was the following station: IK5ZPV cw 136.5 Valerio IK2PII 137.7 Claudio IK4JSJ 137.7 Florio Nice to receive DF6NM and DF0WD in Hell, very clear around 11.30 z 137.7 khz ( i prefer the small letters of DF6NM than the bigger used from DF0WD), and also I5TGC Cesare this afternoon in Hell at 137.7 khz. This morning i have called DN1VLF at 137.7 without answer, his signal was an MMM when was cqing. So i have made later same call without answer. 73 to all de IK2DED. From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 26661 invoked from network); 28 Apr 2002 18:11:48 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 28 Apr 2002 18:11:48 -0000 Received: (qmail 28762 invoked from network); 28 Apr 2002 18:11:49 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 28 Apr 2002 18:11:49 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 171ueA-00056r-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Sun, 28 Apr 2002 20:47:46 +0100 Received: from mta05-svc.ntlworld.com ([62.253.162.45]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 171ue9-00056m-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sun, 28 Apr 2002 20:47:45 +0100 Received: from oemcomputer ([213.104.104.250]) by mta05-svc.ntlworld.com (InterMail vM.4.01.03.27 201-229-121-127-20010626) with SMTP id <20020428180939.IHBY6938.mta05-svc.ntlworld.com@oemcomputer> for ; Sun, 28 Apr 2002 19:09:39 +0100 Message-ID: <000b01c1eedf$e17455e0$fa6868d5@oemcomputer> From: "mike.dennison" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: LF: Activity 27/28 April Date: Sun, 28 Apr 2002 19:09:44 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.50.4133.2400 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Low noise but low activity this weekend. I put out several CW and QRSS3 calls. Heard G0AKY (599), F6BWO (539), F6CWA (329), G4CNN (569), G3YXM (599) and G0VXG (549). Called DN1VLF who was 'M' on QRSS3 but no reply. F6BWO (539) called QRZ for ages but could not identify my 100W (RF) signal - thanks for trying. Worked DJ9IE (gave 569 / got 449) on CW, and DF0WD (O/O) and DJ2YHK (O/M) on QRSS3. My web site has a log of recent stations heard, seen and worked. Mike, G3XDV http://www.lf.thersgb.net ==================== From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 22619 invoked from network); 28 Apr 2002 17:34:20 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by exhibition.plus.net with SMTP; 28 Apr 2002 17:34:20 -0000 Received: (qmail 15841 invoked from network); 28 Apr 2002 17:34:15 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 28 Apr 2002 17:34:15 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 171u0h-00050m-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Sun, 28 Apr 2002 20:06:59 +0100 Received: from www.gardaol.com ([195.223.232.51] helo=netregister.it ident=root) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 171u0g-00050h-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sun, 28 Apr 2002 20:06:58 +0100 Received: from ik2dedlibero (brescia20.phoenix.it [213.82.97.84]) by netregister.it (8.11.4/8.11.4) with SMTP id g3SHSoO03211 for ; Sun, 28 Apr 2002 19:28:50 +0200 Message-ID: <002201c1de4d$4bb3b0c0$546152d5@it> From: "Giulio Scaroni" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: LF: LF activity today. Date: Sun, 7 Apr 2002 18:00:08 +0200 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/html; charset=windows-1252 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2919.6600 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Content-transfer-encoding: 8bit
In band today was the following station:
IK5ZPV cw 136.5 Valerio
IK2PII 137.7 Claudio
IK4JSJ 137.7 Florio
Nice to receive DF6NM and DF0WD in Hell, very clear around 11.30 z 137.7 khz ( i prefer the small letters of DF6NM than the bigger used from DF0WD), and also I5TGC Cesare this afternoon in Hell at 137.7 khz.
This morning i have called DN1VLF at 137.7 without answer, his signal was an MMM when was cqing.
So i have made later same call without answer.
73 to all de IK2DED.
From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 7072 invoked from network); 28 Apr 2002 17:17:09 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 28 Apr 2002 17:17:09 -0000 Received: (qmail 18355 invoked from network); 28 Apr 2002 17:17:08 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 28 Apr 2002 17:17:08 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 171tjs-0004ws-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Sun, 28 Apr 2002 19:49:36 +0100 Received: from mail2.mx.voyager.net ([216.93.66.201]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 171tjr-0004wn-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sun, 28 Apr 2002 19:49:35 +0100 Received: from k6500 (d10.as3.mpls.mn.voyager.net [169.207.249.234] (may be forged)) by mail2.mx.voyager.net (8.11.6/8.10.2) with SMTP id g3SHBQm94973; Sun, 28 Apr 2002 13:11:26 -0400 (EDT) From: "WE0H" To: "Post Rsgb_Lf_Group" , "Lowfer/Hifer Reflector" Subject: LF: FW: VLF Rcvrs Date: Sun, 28 Apr 2002 12:12:34 -0500 Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2911.0) X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Importance: Normal Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Can someone help Walt out??? He needs a preamp design for his Selective Level Meter. Read his message below. Thanks, Mike>WE0H http://www.geocities.com/we0h/lf.html -----Original Message----- From: Walter Treftz [mailto:penguino@atlantic.net] Sent: Sunday, April 28, 2002 10:19 AM To: we0h Subject: VLF Rcvrs GM - just saw your posting. Noticed you mentioned using a selective VTVM also. That is the route I am thinking of. I have a Sierra 121A (I think, from memory) and the manual that seems in good condx (got it at a hamfest). Only problem is that according to manual, the sensitivity is around 250uv and this more or less puts it in the category of "brain dead" Now thinking along the lines that need something like a preamp to get the lower levels up to where the Sierra can hear it. Wonder if you've been up against this and how you solved it. If a preamp is the answer, where did you get it (type, model, how well it worked, etc) or if built, where you got the plans. Would like to use some kind of broadbanded one so not having to tune but that is flexible. Since I'm not on my computer, you can get me direct at --- penguino@atlantic.net --- Tks for your time and advise. 73 Walt (N4GL) From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 3436 invoked from network); 28 Apr 2002 14:55:18 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 28 Apr 2002 14:55:18 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 12376 invoked from network); 28 Apr 2002 14:55:19 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 28 Apr 2002 14:55:19 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 171rZi-0004fz-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Sun, 28 Apr 2002 17:30:58 +0100 Received: from mailout10.sul.t-online.com ([194.25.134.21]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 171rZh-0004fu-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sun, 28 Apr 2002 17:30:57 +0100 Received: from fwd01.sul.t-online.de by mailout10.sul.t-online.com with smtp id 171q0z-0000oT-08; Sun, 28 Apr 2002 16:51:01 +0200 Received: from (0482183881-0001@[62.157.50.28]) by fwd01.sul.t-online.com with smtp id 171q0x-2ANgqOC; Sun, 28 Apr 2002 16:50:59 +0200 From: "jannsen" <0482183881-0001@t-online.de> To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org References: Subject: Re: LF: Mains Harmonics ?? X-Mailer: T-Online eMail 2.34 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Date: Sun, 28 Apr 2002 16:50:59 +0200 Message-ID: <171q0x-2ANgqOC@fwd01.sul.t-online.com> X-Sender: 0482183881-0001@t-dialin.net Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: > Hi all, I can add an example: occasionally varied the noise on LF from -100dB to 0dB, if the shields of the antenna cable were not perfectly grounded. rhythm: about 2 seconds. if the grounding was perfect, the values were -100dB to -95dB. cause: my newly bought soldering iron (with CE indication). the temperature is kept electronic. the two seconds rhythm is probably the scanning rate. the soldering iron was sent back at the suppliers. the RegTP (FCC in G) received message from me. Wolf, I would recommend to you to likewise communicate your statements to the branch office (Außenstelle) of the RegTP responsible for your area. I can be glad that my neighbour uses gas heated soldering irons. He is a plumber. regards Uwe/dj8wx From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 24373 invoked from network); 28 Apr 2002 13:14:58 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by exhibition.plus.net with SMTP; 28 Apr 2002 13:14:58 -0000 Received: (qmail 21666 invoked from network); 28 Apr 2002 13:14:55 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 28 Apr 2002 13:14:55 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 171q0H-0004PE-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Sun, 28 Apr 2002 15:50:17 +0100 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from 205-158-62-44.outblaze.com ([205.158.62.44] helo=mta1-3.us4.outblaze.com) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 171q0F-0004Og-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sun, 28 Apr 2002 15:50:16 +0100 Received: from ws1-1.us4.outblaze.com (205-158-62-49.outblaze.com [205.158.62.49]) by mta1-3.us4.outblaze.com (8.11.6/8.11.6-srs) with SMTP id g3SDBd423665 for ; Sun, 28 Apr 2002 13:11:39 GMT Received: (qmail 48820 invoked by uid 1001); 28 Apr 2002 13:11:39 -0000 Message-ID: <20020428131139.48819.qmail@mail.com> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Disposition: inline Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Mailer: MIME-tools 5.41 (Entity 5.404) Received: from [194.199.252.252] by ws1-1.us4.outblaze.com with http for hailstone@legislator.com; Sun, 28 Apr 2002 08:11:38 -0500 From: "jeffrey campbell" To: rsgabriel@megalink.com, rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org, rsgoode@ccgate.hac.com, rsgour@cyberden.com, rsg@pcnet.pcnet, rsg@unixmail.npm.ac.uk, rshackcloth@blackwoods.com.au, rshack@redden.on.ca, rshager@pacbell.net, rshain@quapaw.astate.edu Date: Sun, 28 Apr 2002 08:11:38 -0500 Subject: LF: Newsletter: Something for Everyone ! 57628 X-Originating-IP: 194.199.252.252 X-Originating-Server: ws1-1.us4.outblaze.com Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: The Hottest Sites on the Net - Something for Everyone ! Check this out: http://virginbest.com This is a great newsletter for good people. I found this site, http://virginbest.com while I was looking for excellent adult material. And let me tell you, that this is one of the BEST sites around. They have _EVERYTHING_, teen sluts getting banged in all holes, all positions, and all likings. Old ladies, young ladies,big tits, little tits, nice ass, big ass, EVERYTHING! And their damn movie collection is the bomb. They have ALL original and UNIQUE content, if you take the time to look at the page: http://virginbest.com you will know what i'm talkin about. So, get your hand out of your pants and signup for some real good quality adult material, then put it back down again cuz you'll know what i'm talkin about :) Tell your friends too, the site is: http://virginbest.com Remove instructions below: ----- In English: We apologize sincerely if you've received this message in error. Often, when people subscribe to our newsletter they may enter wrong addresses, or addresses of their friends and others. Because of this, we ask that you visit http://virginbest.com/cgi/WWCnotify.pl to remove yourself from our newsletter. We will _NOT_ email you again if you remove your email address. Because email is still not as reliable as web, we ask that you only go to http://virginbest.com/cgi/WWCnotify.pl to remove yourself and not respond to this mail. -- _______________________________________________ Sign-up for your own FREE Personalized E-mail at Mail.com http://www.mail.com/?sr=signup From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 14512 invoked from network); 28 Apr 2002 09:12:06 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 28 Apr 2002 09:12:06 -0000 Received: (qmail 10156 invoked from network); 28 Apr 2002 09:12:02 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 28 Apr 2002 09:12:02 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 171mD8-0003l9-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Sun, 28 Apr 2002 11:47:18 +0100 Received: from mail3.dada.it ([195.110.96.70] helo=mail.dada.it) by post.thorcom.com with smtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 171mD7-0003l4-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sun, 28 Apr 2002 11:47:17 +0100 Received: (qmail 5375 invoked from network); 28 Apr 2002 09:08:36 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO cestag) (195.110.102.34) by mail.dada.it with SMTP; 28 Apr 2002 09:08:36 -0000 Message-ID: <001e01c1ee94$2553bd60$22666ec3@cestag> From: "cesare tagliabue" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: LF: R: Mains Harmonics ?? Date: Sun, 28 Apr 2002 11:07:05 +0200 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.72.3110.5 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hi Alan Yes, I'm aware that most of this type of noise is generated by TV or PC supplies, nevertheless that comes also from the rectifier of standard supplies as well as from sodium or quicksilver high pressure lamps, I have these last on the street facing my home. The drift observed in these lines of noise, is compatible with the carefull regulation made here in continental Europe by the center of Laufemburg in Germany, in fact, reducing the drift to the fundamental frequency it appears very small, only some milliHz. Thanks anyhow for your tips, best 73's Cesare Cesare Tagliabue I 5 TGC WW-Loc JN53PS e-mail: cestag@dada.it url: http://www.dadacasa.com/i5tgc -----Messaggio originale----- Da: Alan Melia A: LF-Group Data: domenica 28 aprile 2002 2.43 Oggetto: LF: Mains Harmonics ?? >Hi All, here is one to shoot at !! If as Cesare says the interference he >gets are straight harmonics of the 50Hz mains and they are the 2750th >harmonic, should they not be 1/ (2750)^2 down (-72dB) on the fundamental ?? >which ought to be quite small in the cables so even smaller radiated. > > I see drifty lines with 50Hz and 100Hz spacing, but a quick check at lower >frequencies with teh Rx or SA shows that these are mains modulated signals >with a funamental at 30 to 40kHz and emanate mainly from switch-mode power >supplies, PCs and TVs being the worst offenders. If they are such, the drift >is due to the switcher oscillator not the mains so you cannot lock a comb to >it. If it genuinely is straight mains frequency harmonics then it should be >possible to lock a switched capacitor comb filter to this. > >Most SMPSU QRM grids have a spacing of twice the mains frequency as there is >a bridge rectifer involved in the primary side of the PSU, though often the >intermediate 50Hz is seen weakly. Local TVs seem to radiate the 40kHz via >the braid of the aerial coax, so a standard high-pass TVI filter with a >braid-breaker should work on reverse (Mike G3XDV has previously reported >this solution). If I could actually get some out of the RSGB I might be able >to confirm this. > >I was able to make quite a good reduction in the locally generated lines by >ensuring that cables were tidied up and that no aerial coax ( for any >frequency ) ran near any mains cable. Wall-wart supplies to feed the RX have >the 12v cable wrapped into a coil and taped round a ferrite rod. PC suppies >were opened and fitted with screened IEC filtered sockets (the 3amp version >because it has the biggest inductors) This later was the most dramatic as I >often have 4 PCs running in the house. All feeds to soundcards are isolated >via audio transformers. All my noise now is from neighbour's TVs. I can >tell which channel some are watching by the cadence of the FM inducted on >the PSU by the audio load, particularly at news time (why do they all switch >channel when those interesting Party Political broadcasts come on ?? could I >use blackmail ??....."put this filter in or I'll tell Mr Blair you switched >him off!" ). > >Another gotcha is that loops dont always help, they will couple magetically >to TV and monitor scan coils at quite large distances (10m+) , the givaway >...TVs scan at mains and PC monitors at 70Hz or about 90Hz, both are locked >and are "crystal" stable lines. Also the direction is at right-angles to the >normal loop maximum direction. Fortunately most of the hamonics of the line >scans are outside the band. > >Cheers de ALan G3NYK >alan.melia@btinternet.com > > > > From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 8263 invoked from network); 28 Apr 2002 07:47:35 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by exhibition.plus.net with SMTP; 28 Apr 2002 07:47:35 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 9939 invoked from network); 28 Apr 2002 07:47:32 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 28 Apr 2002 07:47:32 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 171kAh-0003J1-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Sun, 28 Apr 2002 09:36:39 +0100 Received: from imo-m02.mx.aol.com ([64.12.136.5]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 171kAf-0003Iv-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sun, 28 Apr 2002 09:36:37 +0100 Received: from DL4YHF@aol.com by imo-m02.mx.aol.com (mail_out_v32.5.) id l.e5.173a9391 (16782) for ; Sun, 28 Apr 2002 02:54:23 -0400 (EDT) From: DL4YHF@aol.com Message-ID: Date: Sun, 28 Apr 2002 02:54:23 EDT Subject: Re: LF: Mains Harmonics ?? To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/html; charset=windows-1252 X-Mailer: AOL 6.0 for Windows XP DE sub 50 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Content-transfer-encoding: 8bit Hello group,

I can confirm what Alan said about the mains harmonics. The amplitude ratio between fundamental and 2750th harmonic is not easy to determine (we don't know if the generator's waveform and the efficiency of the QRM-TX-antenna at different frequencies).

The "wanderers" are indeed caused by the AM modulation on the 25...50 kHz switching mode supplies, including these:
- modern compact fluorescent lights which use a terribly small electrolyte cap so the XX kHz current through the tube has a strong 100 Hz modulation. Old (large) fluorescent tubes sometimes produce strong broadband QRM when the discharge is unstable.
- hi-tec ovens where the heat is generated by eddie currents ("induction"). Though I don't know the fundamental "TX" frequency I suspect them to be strong QRM sources.


There are weaker lines spaced 100 Hz on the waterfall, caused by symmetric load to both half waves (like in a brigde rectivier, or a conventional light dimmer with diac and triac).

A stable ladder of harmonics separated 50 Hz is even weaker. I found a not-so-obvious source for this: It is a coffee machine with a single rectifier diode to reduce the "standby power" which heats the plate under the can (solution: drink all the coffee before listening to DX signals and turn the machine off ;-)


Regards,
 Wolf  DL4YHF From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 6879 invoked from network); 28 Apr 2002 07:47:34 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 28 Apr 2002 07:47:34 -0000 Received: (qmail 8917 invoked from network); 28 Apr 2002 07:47:30 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 28 Apr 2002 07:47:30 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 171kgG-0003PC-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Sun, 28 Apr 2002 10:09:16 +0100 Received: from carbon.btinternet.com ([194.73.73.92]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 171kgF-0003P6-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sun, 28 Apr 2002 10:09:15 +0100 Received: from host213-1-83-46.in-addr.btopenworld.com ([213.1.83.46] helo=dave) by carbon.btinternet.com with smtp (Exim 3.22 #8) id 171j6W-0003pq-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sun, 28 Apr 2002 08:28:16 +0100 Message-ID: <002b01c1ee86$f0a29620$2e5301d5@dave> From: "Dave Sergeant" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org References: <002001c1ee43$25ea0dc0$743f01d5@default> Subject: LF: Re: Mains Harmonics ?? Date: Sun, 28 Apr 2002 08:21:23 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.50.4522.1200 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: >From Dave G3YMC Thanks for the detailed analysis of TV etc interference to 136. >I see drifty lines with 50Hz and 100Hz spacing, but a quick check at lower >frequencies with teh Rx or SA shows that these are mains modulated signals >with a funamental at 30 to 40kHz and emanate mainly from switch-mode power >supplies, PCs and TVs being the worst offenders. In fact most TV power supplies operate at a switching frequency of around 70kHz, and it is the second harmonic content which appears on 136. You usually also find a strong carrier component at the ninth harmonic of the line frequency (140.625kHz) and as the power supply is often locked to the line timebase this will be modulated with power supply components and is often found to have sidebands spreading over the band (as is the case with my neighbour's wide screen TV). There is not likely to be much 50Hz component with this radiation unless the power supply smoothing cap is faulty. >Another gotcha is that loops dont always help, they will couple magetically >to TV and monitor scan coils at quite large distances (10m+) I had thought my transmit loop was fairly good at not picking up these noise sources, and it is the case in many cases. However my neighbour's tv and its coax feed is quite close to the loop and clearly there is more pick up in that case - the long wire and vertical which are considerably further away pick up much less from that source. Incidentally I still have a page on my website (http://www.dsergeant.btinternet.co.uk/tvqrm.htm) to collate tv qrm problems and indicate the ones to avoid. I have had very little input to this page - if you want a set listed (good or bad) let me know. 73s Dave G3YMC dsergeant@iee.org dsergeant@btinternet.com http://www.dsergeant.btinternet.co.uk From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 10258 invoked from network); 28 Apr 2002 00:37:20 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 28 Apr 2002 00:37:20 -0000 Received: (qmail 6425 invoked from network); 28 Apr 2002 00:37:21 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 28 Apr 2002 00:37:21 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 171dB5-0001vj-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Sun, 28 Apr 2002 02:08:35 +0100 Received: from carbon.btinternet.com ([194.73.73.92]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 171dB4-0001ve-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sun, 28 Apr 2002 02:08:34 +0100 Received: from host213-1-63-116.in-addr.btopenworld.com ([213.1.63.116] helo=default) by carbon.btinternet.com with smtp (Exim 3.22 #8) id 171bbK-000188-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sun, 28 Apr 2002 00:27:35 +0100 Message-ID: <002001c1ee43$25ea0dc0$743f01d5@default> From: "Alan Melia" To: "LF-Group" Subject: LF: Mains Harmonics ?? Date: Sun, 28 Apr 2002 00:25:01 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.72.3110.5 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hi All, here is one to shoot at !! If as Cesare says the interference he gets are straight harmonics of the 50Hz mains and they are the 2750th harmonic, should they not be 1/ (2750)^2 down (-72dB) on the fundamental ?? which ought to be quite small in the cables so even smaller radiated. I see drifty lines with 50Hz and 100Hz spacing, but a quick check at lower frequencies with teh Rx or SA shows that these are mains modulated signals with a funamental at 30 to 40kHz and emanate mainly from switch-mode power supplies, PCs and TVs being the worst offenders. If they are such, the drift is due to the switcher oscillator not the mains so you cannot lock a comb to it. If it genuinely is straight mains frequency harmonics then it should be possible to lock a switched capacitor comb filter to this. Most SMPSU QRM grids have a spacing of twice the mains frequency as there is a bridge rectifer involved in the primary side of the PSU, though often the intermediate 50Hz is seen weakly. Local TVs seem to radiate the 40kHz via the braid of the aerial coax, so a standard high-pass TVI filter with a braid-breaker should work on reverse (Mike G3XDV has previously reported this solution). If I could actually get some out of the RSGB I might be able to confirm this. I was able to make quite a good reduction in the locally generated lines by ensuring that cables were tidied up and that no aerial coax ( for any frequency ) ran near any mains cable. Wall-wart supplies to feed the RX have the 12v cable wrapped into a coil and taped round a ferrite rod. PC suppies were opened and fitted with screened IEC filtered sockets (the 3amp version because it has the biggest inductors) This later was the most dramatic as I often have 4 PCs running in the house. All feeds to soundcards are isolated via audio transformers. All my noise now is from neighbour's TVs. I can tell which channel some are watching by the cadence of the FM inducted on the PSU by the audio load, particularly at news time (why do they all switch channel when those interesting Party Political broadcasts come on ?? could I use blackmail ??....."put this filter in or I'll tell Mr Blair you switched him off!" ). Another gotcha is that loops dont always help, they will couple magetically to TV and monitor scan coils at quite large distances (10m+) , the givaway ...TVs scan at mains and PC monitors at 70Hz or about 90Hz, both are locked and are "crystal" stable lines. Also the direction is at right-angles to the normal loop maximum direction. Fortunately most of the hamonics of the line scans are outside the band. Cheers de ALan G3NYK alan.melia@btinternet.com From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 980 invoked from network); 27 Apr 2002 21:45:50 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by exhibition.plus.net with SMTP; 27 Apr 2002 21:45:50 -0000 Received: (qmail 19773 invoked from network); 27 Apr 2002 21:45:38 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 27 Apr 2002 21:45:38 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 171Zzt-0001Mp-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Sat, 27 Apr 2002 22:44:49 +0100 Received: from mail4.dada.it ([195.110.96.56] helo=mail.dada.it) by post.thorcom.com with smtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 171Zzs-0001MR-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sat, 27 Apr 2002 22:44:48 +0100 Received: (qmail 11596 invoked from network); 27 Apr 2002 20:02:37 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO cestag) (195.110.102.77) by mail.dada.it with SMTP; 27 Apr 2002 20:02:37 -0000 Message-ID: <000601c1ee26$5a061300$4d666ec3@cestag> From: "cesare tagliabue" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: R: LF: Jason reception Date: Sat, 27 Apr 2002 22:01:41 +0200 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.72.3110.5 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hi Mike The armonics of the mains are generate out of my shack by electric appliances like dimmers etc. and i cannot filter, being just on the band. The 2750th armonic is walking around 137.5 Khz, because of the drift ( some mHz ) that is usually present in the mains. Fortunately this noise is not always present, some help is possible using a noise-canceller with an indoor antenna, in the case that we have only a source of noise. best 73 Cesare Cesare Tagliabue I 5 TGC WW-Loc JN53PS e-mail: cestag@dada.it url: http://www.dadacasa.com/i5tgc -----Messaggio originale----- Da: WE0H A: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Data: sabato 27 aprile 2002 21.05 Oggetto: RE: LF: Jason reception >Why not use a 50hz comb filter to eliminate the harmonics of the mains??? I >have a 60hz comb filter kit that I am building to help out in the US. >73's, >Mike>WE0H >http://www.geocities.com/we0h/lf.html > >-----Original Message----- >From: majordom@post.thorcom.com [mailto:majordom@post.thorcom.com]On Behalf >Of cesare tagliabue >Sent: Saturday, April 27, 2002 12:08 PM >To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org >Subject: R: LF: Jason reception > > Hi Jim > Your Jason signals were quite strong and, in the pauses of noise, the >waterfall was completely black and only the lines of signal were clearly >visible, unfortunately the noise, probably due to te 2750 th armonic of the >mains, was walking up and down on the band, from time to time crossing the >frequency and filling the waterfall. The time appearing on screenshot is our >summer time, UTC+2 hours. 73 Cesare > >Cesare Tagliabue I 5 TGC >WW-Loc JN53PS >e-mail: cestag@dada.it >url: http://www.dadacasa.com/i5tgc > > > > > From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 10250 invoked from network); 27 Apr 2002 21:45:35 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 27 Apr 2002 21:45:35 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 19727 invoked from network); 27 Apr 2002 21:45:33 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 27 Apr 2002 21:45:33 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 171amK-0001Tb-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Sat, 27 Apr 2002 23:34:52 +0100 Received: from imo-r04.mx.aol.com ([152.163.225.100]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 171amI-0001Sa-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sat, 27 Apr 2002 23:34:50 +0100 Received: from MarkusVester@aol.com by imo-r04.mx.aol.com (mail_out_v32.5.) id l.6f.26a5828b (3866) for ; Sat, 27 Apr 2002 16:53:19 -0400 (EDT) From: MarkusVester@aol.com Message-ID: <6f.26a5828b.29fc69bf@aol.com> Date: Sat, 27 Apr 2002 16:53:19 EDT Subject: LF: DCF42 off air, IM gone To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Mailer: AOL 4.0.i for Windows 95 sub 72 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hi to all in Central Europe, Jim wrote > I believe in some > parts of DL, significant intermods are radiated by transmitters on > different LF frequencies using the same site. Very true. But - today around 18:00, I couldn't believe my eyes: for the first time ever, the lower part of the LF band appeared clear of the usual noise and bursts from DCF49 /DCF42 intermodulation. DCF42, normally carrying broadband DGPS data from 122.5 to 124.9 kHz, is gone. If I had one free wish, it should stay that way... 73 de Markus, DF6NM From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 27085 invoked from network); 27 Apr 2002 19:03:44 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by exhibition.plus.net with SMTP; 27 Apr 2002 19:03:44 -0000 Received: (qmail 1978 invoked from network); 27 Apr 2002 19:03:38 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 27 Apr 2002 19:03:38 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 171YvF-0001Dl-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Sat, 27 Apr 2002 21:35:57 +0100 Received: from mail6.mx.voyager.net ([216.93.66.205]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 171YvE-0001Dg-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sat, 27 Apr 2002 21:35:56 +0100 Received: from k6500 (d4.as3.mpls.mn.voyager.net [169.207.249.228] (may be forged)) by mail6.mx.voyager.net (8.11.6/8.10.2) with SMTP id g3RIw5F60760 for ; Sat, 27 Apr 2002 14:58:05 -0400 (EDT) From: "WE0H" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: RE: LF: Jason reception Date: Sat, 27 Apr 2002 13:58:50 -0500 Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2911.0) Importance: Normal X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 In-reply-to: <002701c1ee0e$362c24a0$19676ec3@cestag> Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Why not use a 50hz comb filter to eliminate the harmonics of the mains??? I have a 60hz comb filter kit that I am building to help out in the US. 73's, Mike>WE0H http://www.geocities.com/we0h/lf.html -----Original Message----- From: majordom@post.thorcom.com [mailto:majordom@post.thorcom.com]On Behalf Of cesare tagliabue Sent: Saturday, April 27, 2002 12:08 PM To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: R: LF: Jason reception Hi Jim Your Jason signals were quite strong and, in the pauses of noise, the waterfall was completely black and only the lines of signal were clearly visible, unfortunately the noise, probably due to te 2750 th armonic of the mains, was walking up and down on the band, from time to time crossing the frequency and filling the waterfall. The time appearing on screenshot is our summer time, UTC+2 hours. 73 Cesare Cesare Tagliabue I 5 TGC WW-Loc JN53PS e-mail: cestag@dada.it url: http://www.dadacasa.com/i5tgc From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 9948 invoked from network); 27 Apr 2002 17:13:06 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 27 Apr 2002 17:13:06 -0000 Received: (qmail 22895 invoked from network); 27 Apr 2002 17:13:01 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 27 Apr 2002 17:13:01 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 171XFW-00010c-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Sat, 27 Apr 2002 19:48:46 +0100 Received: from mail3.dada.it ([195.110.96.70] helo=mail.dada.it) by post.thorcom.com with smtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 171XFV-00010W-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sat, 27 Apr 2002 19:48:45 +0100 Received: (qmail 21836 invoked from network); 27 Apr 2002 17:09:50 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO cestag) (195.110.102.22) by mail.dada.it with SMTP; 27 Apr 2002 17:09:50 -0000 Message-ID: <002701c1ee0e$362c24a0$19676ec3@cestag> From: "cesare tagliabue" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: R: LF: Jason reception Date: Sat, 27 Apr 2002 19:08:06 +0200 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.72.3110.5 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hi Jim Your Jason signals were quite strong and, in the pauses of noise, the waterfall was completely black and only the lines of signal were clearly visible, unfortunately the noise, probably due to te 2750 th armonic of the mains, was walking up and down on the band, from time to time crossing the frequency and filling the waterfall. The time appearing on screenshot is our summer time, UTC+2 hours. 73 Cesare Cesare Tagliabue I 5 TGC WW-Loc JN53PS e-mail: cestag@dada.it url: http://www.dadacasa.com/i5tgc -----Messaggio originale----- Da: James Moritz A: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Data: sabato 27 aprile 2002 17.42 Oggetto: Re: LF: Jason reception >Dear Marc, Cesare, Alberto, LF Group, > >Thanks for the reports and images of the Jason signal last night - I >transmitted from about 1900 - 2030 utc, with the full 1200W on TX, giving >about 0.4W ERP. > >Later I had a QRSS QSO with IK2DED - conditions were very good at my end, >and I gave Giulio a 569 report - however he was not able to copy my manual >CW due to QRN at his end. > >I made a few CQ calls this morning around 0845, but apart from someone >tuning I heard nothing - however, I could see a weak trace on the >spectrogram at around 136.5kHz which seemed to be CW, drifting about >+/-10Hz - I don't know if anybody claims this signal, but I think a QRSS >contact should be quite possible. > >Cheers, Jim Moritz >73 de M0BMU > > > From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 16248 invoked from network); 27 Apr 2002 15:32:32 -0000 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 27 Apr 2002 15:32:32 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 12993 invoked from network); 27 Apr 2002 15:32:34 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 27 Apr 2002 15:32:34 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 171Vfz-0000l8-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Sat, 27 Apr 2002 18:07:59 +0100 Received: from hestia.herts.ac.uk ([147.197.200.9]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 171Vfy-0000l3-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sat, 27 Apr 2002 18:07:58 +0100 Received: from gemini ([147.197.200.44] helo=gemini.herts.ac.uk) by hestia.herts.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.22 #1) id 171U93-0000uA-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sat, 27 Apr 2002 16:29:53 +0100 Received: from [147.197.232.252] (helo=rsch-15.herts.ac.uk) by gemini.herts.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #1) id 171U92-0003Tp-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sat, 27 Apr 2002 16:29:52 +0100 Message-ID: <5.1.0.14.0.20020427160746.00aa5e78@gemini.herts.ac.uk> X-Sender: mj9ar@gemini.herts.ac.uk X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1 Date: Sat, 27 Apr 2002 16:29:16 +0100 To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org From: "James Moritz" Subject: Re: LF: Jason reception In-reply-to: <000a01c1ed5f$96aa3e20$0696ffbe@veronique> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Dear Marc, Cesare, Alberto, LF Group, Thanks for the reports and images of the Jason signal last night - I transmitted from about 1900 - 2030 utc, with the full 1200W on TX, giving about 0.4W ERP. Later I had a QRSS QSO with IK2DED - conditions were very good at my end, and I gave Giulio a 569 report - however he was not able to copy my manual CW due to QRN at his end. I made a few CQ calls this morning around 0845, but apart from someone tuning I heard nothing - however, I could see a weak trace on the spectrogram at around 136.5kHz which seemed to be CW, drifting about +/-10Hz - I don't know if anybody claims this signal, but I think a QRSS contact should be quite possible. Cheers, Jim Moritz 73 de M0BMU From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 11225 invoked from network); 27 Apr 2002 13:07:54 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 27 Apr 2002 13:07:54 -0000 Received: (qmail 790 invoked from network); 27 Apr 2002 13:07:52 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 27 Apr 2002 13:07:52 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 171TQT-0000Ut-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Sat, 27 Apr 2002 15:43:49 +0100 Received: from carbon.btinternet.com ([194.73.73.92]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 171TQS-0000Uo-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sat, 27 Apr 2002 15:43:48 +0100 Received: from host213-122-36-92.in-addr.btopenworld.com ([213.122.36.92] helo=presario-1920) by carbon.btinternet.com with smtp (Exim 3.22 #8) id 171RtV-0004Bc-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sat, 27 Apr 2002 14:05:43 +0100 From: "John W Gould" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: LF: RE: Roundtable anyone ? Date: Sat, 27 Apr 2002 14:06:02 +0100 Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2910.0) In-reply-to: <01C1E9DE.44C383C0.g4jnt@thersgb.net> X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Importance: Normal Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Good idea, I'll try and make it this year! John, G3WKL > -----Original Message----- > From: majordom@post.thorcom.com [mailto:majordom@post.thorcom.com]On > Behalf Of Andy talbot > Sent: Monday, April 22, 2002 09:14 > To: 'rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org' > Subject: LF: Roundtable anyone ? > Importance: High > > > Are there any plans for an LF Roundtable this year ? > Crawley ? > > Andy G4JNT > > > From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 601 invoked from network); 27 Apr 2002 10:12:39 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 27 Apr 2002 10:12:39 -0000 Received: (qmail 24798 invoked from network); 27 Apr 2002 10:12:37 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 27 Apr 2002 10:12:37 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 171Qd9-00007v-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Sat, 27 Apr 2002 12:44:43 +0100 Received: from postfix1-2.free.fr ([213.228.0.130]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 171Qd8-00007q-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sat, 27 Apr 2002 12:44:42 +0100 Received: from veronique (toulouse-2-a7-62-147-37-225.dial.proxad.net [62.147.37.225]) by postfix1-2.free.fr (Postfix) with SMTP id 00DABAB1A1 for ; Sat, 27 Apr 2002 12:06:33 +0200 (CEST) Message-ID: <004c01c1edd3$86d6f000$0696ffbe@veronique> From: "f5maf" To: "VLF Group" Subject: LF: Signal on 136.5 Date: Sat, 27 Apr 2002 12:08:09 +0200 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2615.200 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hi Groups, The new "LF antenna" seems good with adaptation system two 22nF in loop line (1 per branch) , two 68nF to the ground (1 per branch) and 1/4 transformer. (all capacitors1000 V) I will add little capacitors for fine tuning (4.7 nF). 68 nF (SAFCO tubular yellow) are warm with 200W, I'll replace then by Philipps 1500V. I manage a box for this ATU. This morning I saw a CW signal on 136.5 at 7:00 TU only groups of points. On this same fequency I generated some V with my call but.....nothing! Best 73 Marc From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 16202 invoked from network); 27 Apr 2002 01:09:36 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 27 Apr 2002 01:09:36 -0000 Received: (qmail 26645 invoked from network); 26 Apr 2002 21:01:49 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 26 Apr 2002 21:01:49 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 171ELR-0007Fk-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Fri, 26 Apr 2002 23:37:37 +0100 Received: from e1.ny.us.ibm.com ([32.97.182.101]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 171ELQ-0007Ff-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Fri, 26 Apr 2002 23:37:36 +0100 Received: from northrelay01.pok.ibm.com (northrelay01.pok.ibm.com [9.56.224.149]) by e1.ny.us.ibm.com (8.12.2/8.12.2) with ESMTP id g3QKwxms451454 for ; Fri, 26 Apr 2002 16:58:59 -0400 Received: from usa.net (ss7.bld.socks.ibm.com [9.14.4.72]) by northrelay01.pok.ibm.com (8.11.1m3/NCO/VER6.1) with ESMTP id g3QKwsa19164 for ; Fri, 26 Apr 2002 16:58:55 -0400 Message-ID: <3CC9BFE9.2EE82C9C@usa.net> Date: Fri, 26 Apr 2002 23:00:25 +0200 From: "Alberto di Bene" Organization: None X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.79 [en] (Win98; U) X-Accept-Language: en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: Re: LF: Where are you? References: <5.1.0.14.0.20020426180905.00aa08d0@gemini.herts.ac.uk> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: James Moritz wrote: > OK, then I will transmit some Jason sigs this evening - about 1900utc for > an hour or so, QRG 137.500kHz - I hope this will be OK. I remember we had a > QRSS contact some time ago, so Jason should work well with similar conditions. Amazing ! My loop is nearly destroyed, all the wires are hanging down from mid tower, where it used to be installed, in a mess of electrical wires and remnants of the wooden arms that supported them, but I got perfect copy of Jim's Jason transmission... Which was your power ? I think you were at full throttle, weren't you ? The absence of QRM / QRN helped, though... 73 Alberto I2PHD From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 6377 invoked from network); 27 Apr 2002 01:05:15 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 27 Apr 2002 01:05:15 -0000 Received: (qmail 9885 invoked from network); 26 Apr 2002 20:48:03 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 26 Apr 2002 20:48:03 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 171E7h-0007D9-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Fri, 26 Apr 2002 23:23:25 +0100 Received: from mail5.dada.it ([195.110.96.37] helo=mail.dada.it) by post.thorcom.com with smtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 171E7f-0007D4-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Fri, 26 Apr 2002 23:23:23 +0100 Received: (qmail 6855 invoked from network); 26 Apr 2002 20:15:37 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO cestag) (195.110.102.194) by mail.dada.it with SMTP; 26 Apr 2002 20:15:37 -0000 Message-ID: <000d01c1ed5f$00761820$c2666ec3@cestag> From: "cesare tagliabue" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: R: LF: Where are you? Date: Fri, 26 Apr 2002 22:14:02 +0200 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="------------010806000601000502070603" X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.72.3110.5 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: This is a multi-part message in MIME format. --------------010806000601000502070603 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=windows-1252; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Hello Jim Attached a screenshot of your Jason test, there are some errors due to very strong QRM. 73 Cesare Cesare Tagliabue I 5 TGC WW-Loc JN53PS e-mail: cestag@dada.it url: http://www.dadacasa.com/i5tgc -----Messaggio originale----- Da: James Moritz A: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Data: venerdì 26 aprile 2002 19.49 Oggetto: Re: LF: Where are you? >At 21:34 25/04/2002 +0200, you wrote: >>I would like receive something! >> >>I see on the reflector some Jason test but what is the "Jason frequency >>test" and when ? >Dear Marc, > >OK, then I will transmit some Jason sigs this evening - about 1900utc for >an hour or so, QRG 137.500kHz - I hope this will be OK. I remember we had a >QRSS contact some time ago, so Jason should work well with similar conditions. > >Cheers, Jim Moritz >73 de M0BMU > > > --------------010806000601000502070603 Content-Type: application/octet-stream; name="m0bmu01.jpg" Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="m0bmu01.jpg" /9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAgEASABIAAD/7Qg8UGhvdG9zaG9wIDMuMAA4QklNA+0AAAAAABAASAAA AAEAAgBIAAAAAQACOEJJTQQNAAAAAAAEAAAAeDhCSU0D8wAAAAAACAAAAAAAAAAAOEJJTQQK AAAAAAABAAA4QklNJxAAAAAAAAoAAQAAAAAAAAACOEJJTQP0AAAAAAASADUAAAABAC0AAAAG AAAAAAABOEJJTQP3AAAAAAAcAAD/////////////////////////////A+gAADhCSU0ECAAA AAAAEAAAAAEAAAJAAAACQAAAAAA4QklNBBQAAAAAAAQAAAABOEJJTQQMAAAAAAc1AAAAAQAA AHAAAAATAAABUAAAGPAAAAcZABgAAf/Y/+AAEEpGSUYAAQIBAEgASAAA//4AJkZpbGUgd3Jp dHRlbiBieSBBZG9iZSBQaG90b3Nob3CoIDUuMP/uAA5BZG9iZQBkgAAAAAH/2wCEAAwICAgJ CAwJCQwRCwoLERUPDAwPFRgTExUTExgRDAwMDAwMEQwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwM DAwMDAwBDQsLDQ4NEA4OEBQODg4UFA4ODg4UEQwMDAwMEREMDAwMDAwRDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwM DAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDP/AABEIABMAcAMBIgACEQEDEQH/3QAEAAf/xAE/AAABBQEBAQEB AQAAAAAAAAADAAECBAUGBwgJCgsBAAEFAQEBAQEBAAAAAAAAAAEAAgMEBQYHCAkKCxAAAQQB AwIEAgUHBggFAwwzAQACEQMEIRIxBUFRYRMicYEyBhSRobFCIyQVUsFiMzRygtFDByWSU/Dh 8WNzNRaisoMmRJNUZEXCo3Q2F9JV4mXys4TD03Xj80YnlKSFtJXE1OT0pbXF1eX1VmZ2hpam tsbW5vY3R1dnd4eXp7fH1+f3EQACAgECBAQDBAUGBwcGBTUBAAIRAyExEgRBUWFxIhMFMoGR FKGxQiPBUtHwMyRi4XKCkkNTFWNzNPElBhaisoMHJjXC0kSTVKMXZEVVNnRl4vKzhMPTdePz RpSkhbSVxNTk9KW1xdXl9VZmdoaWprbG1ub2JzdHV2d3h5ent8f/2gAMAwEAAhEDEQA/ANrp Vtfp/ZaTULgGy94a5he+21tllrm/pHenTXXXX+l/RsV+u9xoFlmGwF0Nr/T0gPLg51f0q/1d t9bPVo9VYWL0GzPNtlRrc2yhuZkG2t+xge630qcejFf61zt1WT/rcmHRMAlzW9T6WXVF1T2t NxLNo/Sb2Nyf0bGN+nb9BJTvvyWMNodhlvosa90vrEy2yx7A70dvqVV497tlbrP5v9J6SVWR TfY2uplddzQHW02ubq17G21tqvFbWtfstZb7q/8Ag1jY31Xoyntrxc7pV7h7GsqNjj7hYdu1 mV9Jzabv+27VOv6ueowtrz+nPZYfdAuI+iXe/wDWPZ+jr/OSU3aOoMdFjm1XY5YxwdS0hz3W WvxW+gHb9zvZ63obP5l6LbkbN2x2I4W2enjayWkMN9jstoG7ZW1ux72/nrOo+rBsqrzsbO6a 6qpwrryKvW2teD6TWttryfbY1/6NB/5uYo1/aPShIDdxNkQdpaA85X5+5v8AXSU7TczDBfXa xvq0vNbywsLXEbT6lftftY/d7fcmGXi+qZj0pIDYZxA2nfs3ep6m/f8A4P01lu+rv2N7sZ3U Om0PrI3VO9VpBcPV1a7I/OYN6c9Dc2l956p00U12Opssmza2xgLrKXv+0+y1jW/QSU67+odP qpkMqlzw3faxj9oiXEe1v5qonrABII6fyQyWAbuNp+g7b/KQ8PpmFRkYeR1DquAcSPtNNNcz d6jXV03H1rrPUx6/57/R/ov0n562umfsnIpupw+q0ZHr1tps9AsDwGsfjy303/o3uvt3s9ns /o7P0XpbEpoM6x0/Yxtn2QWud7yKmkBoP+DlrN9jv/A0BvWGDaLD04EuG4hke3Tc5rXV+530 /wA5bU9KpoyKXdRqH2ljq3BxaNKGfYb/AE27vpU2s/TbP5uz9CiYOZ0XDY6w9SrfXmWsFPrP Y0F5ZWxtdJdsdZ6ntckpyXdb6QAGtOM6AZf6dbZP5ogtchX9cwPaaW47iPpNBqrkFw9xe6i/ +br+gzZ711d+d0/Hc5uRfVS5oBIe4NMEOLfpfvenZ/mJUZ/Tsm19ONkU3W1iX11va5zQe7mN O5vKSn//0Ou+p/0nf+EMP/z5nrOyvS9TKn9gR6lk7/U3zNf9I2/mf9yP8CvDUklPvHQfS/aO Bs/Y3+G2fZPU9eP1ifS9X/Df6b1/0n9PUT9l2Mj9lx6Xt3/aOfQzf5zd/wBo/pb/AFfZ9j+0 /wDArwlJJT9CZXpf83L937Nj13c+p9inf/2o2e/f/pf8F9oWQ70PQMfsDd6bJ9T1fQn0sjft 3fo/s3/cDb/gP2l6H+FXiSSSn6H656P2l3qfYv8Ar3q+r/MX/T+z/wAn/wBl/U/wnpoOXs/5 s4G79lR6jNu/f9gmLP5jZ7v+3v0f84vn5JJT7vmen6eJ/wAhR9lrj7Rv4m/b9m/O+yf+/Pqq XTvT/aGF/wAiT6r9v2X1PVmbd3pfmf1PW/Rep/Nf4NeDJJKfen/Z/tlUfsyfVyZ9T1/Un7a/ +Y3fyt37R/wf7U9L/B+ig4foejj7f2Lw3fs9bb9Dpv8Aybv/AJP+h/8ANV/hF4Wkkp9/6/6H 7W9/7NnaN/2z1ftP0H/0T0v/AER/gvtKf6sbP2k/b+x5+zt/5N3et9HG+lv9v2X/AN9l8/pJ Kf/ZADhCSU0EBgAAAAAAB///AAAAAQEA/+IBpElDQ19QUk9GSUxFAAEBAAABlEFEQkUCEAAA bW50ckdSQVlYWVogAAQH0gAWABoAEwAKYWNzcE1TRlQAAAAAbm9uZQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAPbWAAEAAAAA0y1BREJFAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAFY3BydAAAAMAAAAAkZGVzYwAAAOQAAAB3d3RwdAAAAVwAAAAUYmtwdAAA AXAAAAAUa1RSQwAAAYQAAAAOdGV4dAAAAAAoYykgMjAwMiBBZG9iZSBTeXN0ZW1zIEluYy4A ZGVzYwAAAAAAAAAcU2NhbGEgZGkgZ3JpZ2lvIC0gR2FtbWEgMiwyAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAWFlaIAAAAAAAAPNRAAEAAAABFsxYWVogAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGN1 cnYAAAAAAAAAAQIzAAD//gAmRmlsZSB3cml0dGVuIGJ5IEFkb2JlIFBob3Rvc2hvcKggNS4w /+4ADkFkb2JlAGSAAAAAAP/bAEMAEg4ODhAOFRAQFR4TERMeIxoVFRojIhcXFxcXIhEMDAwM DAwRDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDP/AAAsIAEQBkAEBEQD/3QAEADL/xACi AAABBQEBAQEBAQAAAAAAAAADAAECBAUGBwgJCgsQAAEEAQMCBAIFBwYIBQMMMwEAAhEDBCES MQVBUWETInGBMgYUkaGxQiMkFVLBYjM0coLRQwclklPw4fFjczUWorKDJkSTVGRFwqN0NhfS VeJl8rOEw9N14/NGJ5SkhbSVxNTk9KW1xdXl9VZmdoaWprbG1ub2N0dXZ3eHl6e3x9fn9//a AAgBAQAAPwB4e5zK6/p2uDGzxJ/Oct91PSen0NZbU2151lzGvsefz37rFEZHSyJGBz/wLE/r 9M/7gH/tliXr9M/7gf8AgLEvX6Z/3A/8BYl6/TP+4H/gLEvX6Z/3AP8A2yxL1+mf9wP/AAFi Xr9M/wC4B/7ZYl6/TP8AuB/4CxL1+mf9wD/2yxL1+mf9wD/2yxL1+mf9wP8AwFiXr9M/7gf+ AsS9fpn/AHAP/bLEvX6Z/wBwD/2yxL1+mf8AcA/9ssS9fpn/AHA/8BYl6/TP+4B/7ZYl6/TP +4B/7ZYl6/TP+4B/7ZYl6/TP+4B/7ZYl6/TP+4B/7ZYl6/TP+4B/7ZYl6/TP+4H/AICxL1um /wDlef8AtliXr9M/7gH/ALZYl6/TP+4H/gLE7LemOcG/YQ2e7qqwB/WVxuJ05zQ4Y9UHj9G3 /wAin+x9P/7jVf8AbbP/ACKX2Pp//car/MZ/5FL7H0//ALjVf9ts/wDIpfY+n/8Acar/ALbZ /wCRS+x9P/7jVf8AbbP/ACKX2Pp//car/ttn/kUvsfT/APuNV/22z/yKX2Pp/wD3Gq/7bZ/5 FL7H0/8A7jVf9ts/8il9j6f/ANxqv+22f+RS+x9P/wC49X/bbP8AyKX2Pp//AHHq/wC22f8A kUvsfT/+41X/AG2z/wAikcTpwBJx6gBqSWMiP81N9m6ZMehTMbvoM+j+/wDRSGN0wxFFJ3CW +xmo/eb7Um4vTXAObj0uB4IYyP8AqUG49Epf6dtdLXxO30w4wf8Ai63ofrdB/cq/7a/9Qr// 0DYjXDKoumGMtLB/KcWWvf8A5i0LHNf1Zm73AMmDxID0fOycxm045AbB3EjcqtWd1APa65zf R5fAj2/1lpNzKnN3bwJ8TCn6zSJBBHiDKTshjTDnAHzKQuB1BkeRTHJrBgvE+G4Skbw3Uuge JMJfaa4neI8dwhOLgRIMg95QMy/IbVOOQHg9xPtQcXPuA25RG8n2ke0Qh252a3IMODccO7iT t/OSyM/NLj6ADKx+c7UlSxc/Kn9ZALDw9uivtvBAg/iqOXm5YdtxwABy92qhjZ+ZuHrgPrP5 zdIRcrNyhH2baWkSXGTCrU9Q6juBftsZwQ0R/mv3LUZksfq0/iper5/imF2v+1DyMk149tg1 LGucBPgHIDsWsNY55c+1wk2Fzg6Qdv6Pa79F/Y/m0TFvf6bmvMure5m49w36H/QVj1v9ZS9U HnhJ9oAb5hUrrrrrxRW811tAc97dHH/g61Tufcx17232+njuraWl2tm/0/U/S/4P+eTXZW1l pZZfvrFhbueNrjS5tV30P+MT/aNm/fbe4h7wGhwENrY3Jt9zvp/SU231utFYtyIJDQ/eNXOZ 9rZ7Pp/zaLiubeC4W3t2x7XPB5G73sZ/N/8AFq8LHtaN5BJ7qmHX5VzybHVU1na0MO1zj++9 AynupvqrGRZtMG2bIIY5zcer0vZ/pn/+BobMna2z17bwWG0tLXD3Mqf9n2/8Z7q1N2TW0HdZ kBzfV3N3jQ0D1bG7v5e9Ext9z7gbrmtrcA0+pqQ5jLvf/nq3XW9hltr3kxo92/T+SpX3RW8T 2Key33Xf8UP/AEYl6o9T/rP/AJFOy4Cqv+o38iDi3MZZm2khoFjdzvowBXX9N6KzqeLY4MZk Me53DQ8Elf/RO5tdRwXB7y+173uYSTU0D1Weoxu3+csepG2eptM/m/wcr73hzS06gqx1Cqhn S7Nv0hWI/wCgqdHSLbKGPNTWOIE7zr/msRbsP7DQbh7WgtDo+j7nNr3KVvSDYN9YbY46y46E f10OjEuF5xthq9m52sg6+n+hsVO1mNXnfZfT3O3BrneBctC3BLbKsV3ubbuifGseoqGXVRjZ bMV1e6YMzxvP7itZVX7ObXH0LHbSPgNykLhoee6u5ODVkUsNbtrg5rgf5M/pP+gqXWHU1vx8 dh1se1z/AOqC1qn15tbMNprOpsaDHhD3I+FVR+zGFxk+mf8Avyyun5BdSATqFsivEycYsc/Y XNh2sOBT4eHi49Gz1PVAJO7T/vqxMCxlrnVWO/RbtT/JlbVVGG2h7MRzS4TEmRv/AOFWJg+r W+xth9zSQ7+sCr3qeaYWfJObARB1B5B7hDD72gVttHpt+juZue0futt3N/8ABKbP+EUmuawB rZgflPue/wDtvUvV80vU81K+2G169igtvaDJg/gk6zGe8PNQLtNZOu3+b3t+g/YhVNx2epvY LDYXkyTo2073VKZ+yEEGoakk+50y4elZ7v5dalvxd270hIIdyfpBvot/8B/Rp67ceon06wC6 J1JPt+g33/mMTvyd5kxHACZmQ1p1AP4Jn2Yzy4vqDi8APknUD/zpRH2Qbv0IO8EOBJIhx32f S+hvekfsjmbDUCNT9J0+/wDnd1n0/wBIiMvpYSW1gF0Tqddo2N/6Cn9sA+i0A+PKA+3cwtn6 Uj71N9zXGwg/TYGj5JG5m4mf8HsGnf2pvWaGsaDO1oBPwQoBba31djbnBz2msWgjb6OzbY5i GzFpY4PZaxrm6hwxqwR/Vd6i/9Id9tgfQN5cxjzsaTLWy1/0FFtx+3NPl/Byt2Zzmcslvig5 HVLba/SbwYn4BXMrqzcioMu3sHMNMf2VDI6w1+KMdslrdkA+FZY/3f8AbagOpsrsFle+ruGN cQw/9a+gpu67kHJY9g9rWlpHju2/+QUXdSo+0/aHVfph+d8E/wC2bbM2q4ztqDgB5vG3cg5O acjqDbvANH+aidU6k7KbWwyCxxOvmNqdtx2DXWET9pWVNA12jus9+S/KyvUJ4iPIBW8nOc5h rubuYUGzqjzQamaAjb8lcos6dV00PeSMoNcYg6vl3pqm/La+uXskeKT+pvFPpUjYCIEdgUsf KfTjhpbIBJn4qTOqemDsbG7U+ZQ8bItda+xx+kZPxKt+ufFIXa8peufFP658U3rGe6f1z4pv XPip5dpDKT4tKBV6tznCsfQaXvcdGsY33Ofa9rbEfFx3ZVnpV5DW2xu2WVW1uI/4L1/T9bYo 1VC25tLclge8lrC6q1jHuH5tN9u2q1X/ANh5v+nq/wA13/k1TycV2LYK7sqsOI3GK7Hhjfo+ rkvr3fZ6v+EuT5WG/EDTdkM94Jbsqtt9rfp2foN/6NWKukZN1bbasmp9bxLXBriCD/bTX9Ky cep1tuRWGM1MMe4/u+1jHb0HFw35THuqya/0Rixr631vZ+d+lqucx7PYo42Mcqw10ZLHGJaT VY1jwPp+hc/9Fd/1tXP2Hnf6ev8AzXf+TS/Yed/p6/8ANd/5NL9h53+nq/zXf+TS/Yed/p6/ 813/AJNL9h53+nq/zXf+TS/Yed/p6v8ANd/5NL9h53+nq/zXf+TS/Yed/p6v813/AJNL9h53 +nq/zXf+TX//026hcxwrDW+42SHEAFrYs/Qez8yveq9bWG4Oe7ZHdXX14TtDfp8CoCjAGou/ AqTq8Fwg3/gVD7P0/wD034FSNGARHrfgUm04DeL9fgUnU4LvpXz/AGUm04DTpd+BS9HA3bhf B+BSdTguMm+fkVOMMaC/T4FM5uE4Qb/wKZlWAwyLtfgVJzcJwg3/AIFDGP0/n1vwKm6vAcIN /wCBURTg7dvr6fAphRgAyLvwKmWYREG/T4FQ+z9P/wBN+BU2swm6C/8ABS/U/wDT/gU0Yf8A p/wKUYn/AHI/ApRif6f8ClGJ/px9xSjE/wBP+BTj7GDrfI+BQMzIbc9orHsYIE91v9D9Ojpb siz2hxfY9x/cZ7Gu/wCL9GpNgZWP1HLZlG5m6trhjY4c02NY/b61+Sxvv9Wzb/Nf9p1AZ+J1 LMY03sZRj2zVWXAXX3s9rLPSd+k9Bn+B/wBOtf7Vj/afsu8evs9T0++ydnqLJtuoxMvqX2pw ab2NdSHc2sFfoupx9389Z67f6P8A8J/wqRecfpeJRdnDAvFQlztri/a3Y9v6f/R7v8F+mVnp mRTR0am+xv2eplYLwQfb+8//AEn6T+dVu++kYjrjcKq3NG2/SGep7arv0n6P8/8AwiwqmuyK eq102/bLnVgMymwPU9jv1Rvo/oP1f/gP9OjdOy3DJxqaMhuTTYw76Gta37IGNbs+h+kZ7/1f 0cn9KugSSSSSSSSX/9S3hYldtP2i0bjZ9AH8xoP/AKM/nEPqH2TDZJbusf8AQZ/5JHxugZWT S226wYxdqKize4D/AIT9LVs/4tG/5r2f9yx/21/78pf817P+5Y/7a/8AflL/AJr2f9yx/wBt f+/KX/Nez/uWP+2v/flL/mvZ/wByx/21/wC/KX/Nez/uWP8Atr/35S/5r2f9yx/21/78pf8A Nez/ALlj/tr/AN+Uv+a9n/csf9tf+/KX/Nez/uWP+2v/AH5S/wCa9n/csf8AbX/vyl/zXs/7 lj/tr/35S/5r2f8Acsf9tf8Avyl/zXs/7lj/ALa/9+Uv+a9n/csf9tf+/KX/ADXs/wC5Y/7a /wDflL/mvZ/3LH/bX/vyl/zXs/7lj/tr/wB+Uv8AmvZ/3LH/AG1/78pf817P+5Y/7a/9+Uv+ a9n/AHMH/bX/AL8pf817P+5Y/wC2v/flL/mvZ/3LH/bX/vyl/wA17P8AuWP+2v8A34S/5r2f 9yx/21/78pf817P+5Y/7a/8AflL/AJr2f9yx/wBtf+/KlX9VwHj1skvZ3a1npk/9cdZet5lN ddTamNAraA0N7bQNu1MzGoY7cypjXDuGgH/ophi44duFTA4GQdomUT02b9+0bwIDo90fu7kz 663kF7Q7bq2QDB/kpn01WR6jGvA43AOj/OUixpbtIBaRBaeITGthbsLQWcbSPbH9VJldbBtr aGN5hoAH/RSbUxpLmtDXO1cQACT/AClNJJJJJJJJf//Vs4lddtWOLGh8YzY3DdHuf+8iWNaf rLitIBaOAeNGXOYuqI0WZ9tysVmfdmM/QY7t2OQPp17foez/AIVZf/Omylx+0VB4LQdlYLTV Z7XOxrb7nbL/AKf+Dqr9NXbPrLiMLC1jnsspN4c0j2lodb9msZ+/7ECv6wZdNe/Px2t9Sk5F ArJksBb+gu9T6Fvpv9T1E9v1proaPtGLZVY4BzKyWnfW7/CtejX/AFkxarHtbW6xrK2WB7SI c2x1TNv9ev11oDOYc/7FtO70hcH/AJu3d6WxTzcizGx3XV0uyHN5raQHR+c/3/uLLZ9YmuxB kOxbWm1wZj1iHG8u3fzP9T0/0qO3qmRfTYMfGLcyotFmPc4V7Gv93r+o31PUrUMXrRfg4mTk MDRlPNTnM+gx8vrp3b/8Fd6f/WlDK+sLaMt+JXjWXWMe2uWloDnvb6uxu5X+m9Rr6hjm5jSw tcWPY7Ute36Td7fY9EzL7aKTZVS7IeI/RtIDiP5O9Z/7fqHS3dQNTm7X+n6JI3l4d6Wxj1LI 62ytuN6FD8mzLZ6lbGbR7QN9m527+crTW9c2urpqxLrcl7d76AA19TQfTf6u/wDl/wA3/pU9 fXsOzJooALftLSWOd2sDnUfZLmf4O7fWrfTs5mfijIY0sBLmlruQWH0/zVUz+sXYV4rOHZax 5a2uxpbte9/0aW/8IoXdctrsppbg2vvurNhqloewNc6p7Xf5qTuuWeqKa8G6y1rWvuYNu6oP /tfpE2R9YBTkWVNxbLK6GsfbYCG7GWN9Vrn027H/APW1q0XsyKK76zLLWh7SRGjhuasu7rrq sm+kYltteKQLrWQ4NBHqb/SVG/60kONtLGuxmuhoIcbLmNDXX3M/m2Yvo7v8L6q6St4sra9v DwHCfB3uWL/znxvsrr/SduZb6bqpG/b/ANyG/vqDuv5LbLcj0GjptNooe8k+tuJ2WZDGt312 VV/6L+cQD9aXtsbYax6Di6KwHG30wfSqy3X7mU1+q/8A7T+l/wBcVuv6y4z6aLRW6brPSeyR urPt9/8AwjP0taO3rdTsTHyvScG5Nwo2yJY4myrf/LZvqWmSQCQJI4HiVl4PWbcrLdjOw7KX V6WuJa5tbiPUrbbt/wBKo2ddFGS+jKxn0Na2x7bSWubY2r3bq9v+kUWdfaa3PtxrKCa320Cy AL21N9bax/8Ag7NiHh9Yz3mlmTVUbMyt1uK2txH0B6ldOVv9T0vVZ/hlPG6xlelmvyqGh2E5 u5lZLjtcN9nud/O2Uqef1+jD9Mtrde22o3NcwgNDBt9zt/8AWRendXbm3WUPpfj31gPLHQ6W O+hZurWi9zmsc5rd7gCQ2Y3H9zc5ZuJ1lt/2lt9D8V+I0PsbYR9FwdZ+Z/UQm/WGh3Tft4qe Zf6XoiC/1D/Ns/ton7ZLKmPyMayhz7WUlj409Xf6V7bPoW1/o1DK+sGNiZNlNzHRU+tj7BBb FzHX+tt+n+i9P9IrmL1CvJysjHY0g4+yXfmvFrfWrfWri//Wt4H81R/4WZ/1T0R//inxvn/5 7vXUqvm4rMvFtxn6MtaWkjkT9F/9hctlfVzNtdZtrDX7Z9QPGyy0BjXban1+vSy//jP0Fv8A wau2/VwuyKi0/oHi0XagPqFrNtdWP+/TVf6n/bqFd0XquS1wuNY+z45x8YNOls/4e3/Qfo2f 9uKoPq91N0bMerHa3Z6jPUNpuLXbvU3W+p6P/gVau5H1ae657aXxVZS5vqOje2z1GZGNVY1v 06fSZ6Cu4GL1J/UnZ2ayukCoUsrY7fI3er6m9aOf9q+yvGIxtlpEBrztBB9r/esTG6Z1MYOP U+tjL+n2CyiXyy4e/wBWu702/ofpItON1muzJzzVScrJ2M9DeQ1tbA5m/wBb/SqGD03qB6XZ 0vMpZXWGO9K4P3kWlzrq3PrZ/o3vQW9BybKKRkta6x+SbssB3NZHpforP+mtbpOJZg1vxCxo qY4uqtaRNjXnd+nZ9P16f5v1P8KrGc/OZWHYVbLbJ1bY7YNv7zXLBr6F1F1WHS+wVCt9l91l ZG9lr/5hlG79xTPSuoU4n2T0Kc6mqxxrFp2O2We9lzLd36G2n9NV/wBt+knxundZxHNzGbL8 k1mp1Njz+jr3+tj115P+H9D/AIVCp+rmTurFzmward72/wCCvfZ9pospb7P5ta/RMO/CwRRf HqB7ySDIcHOc5r/7afquJdlDF9EA+jkV2vBMexm71Nqz+udLycvNqvroZk1NrLHVveavdu3t fur2KObg9SurqjDpe5tYax3qObfjPb7fbm7/AFMj/S/+fU9X1fN2XZb1MDImuoNsDi3dYxvp 5G9lfp/uLoGMYxgYwBrWiGtGgAC57JwutMyc77JXWa84t/Sudqxu30bP0P8A24ql/wBWb2Us pYBkNBMPDm1OYHhjMhj6rmWsf76/Vx7K/wBL/g7F1VNZqqZWTu2NDd3E7Rt+iuYf9W8k4Fg0 +1Au2skem/8AS+tTfv8AzLvQ9ar/AK6rGR0XNcXYVTm/YMi77RbYf51h+lbjbP8AC77GforF WyPq3cbGVsburEtFweGllRc66r1KLWPf6uP6ln8zZ+nqU2/V7Ibi47hH2qt1ZsZI2AMe71bq bP8AS20el6n/ABam3pHVGux8ECv7FjX+uLyf0jwHOubX6H5n856S6Q7oMc9p4lYnTKOrVdRy L8nHY2vLIL3Ms3bDW11dfps/P9RBv6Z1TqWUXZra8eplVlTPTcXl5t9vqIlOB1S7LxXZbaq6 cAEVlji82uc30N3u/wAH7UHE6Pm05z8sU1UCkPNFTHuLLbXj0/Uc5+99FP8AwSL06jq9Wbe/ Jxa/RzXh10WB2wbfT9jP8Kq3/N/MFWYyWOPp+lhmf8Hv+2bbN+/Z/wBx1odO6Y7p2U70amnH vY0vdP6Smxg97P0n6S7Hv/8AArFq3m4UvNAa+4D2NcdrXO/dc5q5yzpfV8mvMstbXXdnOqY9 gdIZTV9N+/3oo6R1DG9dtTmZtWQ1pe3I/OdV+j9B23/S4/8ANX/8D+kVf9i9StodXYxlNBuq eMRthe1rG7m5dlNr/wCa9T1P5hSf9XbK8w/Z62fY/VoeGFxJ2M9RmYx3q/8AGb1f6P0q7p+V l73b6bPTFLp92xgsZ6Vjf+AZ6da2V//Xt4H81R/4WZ/1T1Oz/wAU+N8//Pd66jVLVLVLVLVL 3Je5LVLVLVLVN7k+spaylqlqlqm1T6papapaptU+qbVONyWqWqRmUtUhKWqWvzS1S1S1Tapa wn1S1S1S1TeCWvyT6papapar/9k= --------------010806000601000502070603-- From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 18631 invoked from network); 27 Apr 2002 00:58:09 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 27 Apr 2002 00:58:09 -0000 Received: (qmail 12921 invoked from network); 26 Apr 2002 20:22:07 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 26 Apr 2002 20:22:07 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 171Dg5-000789-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Fri, 26 Apr 2002 22:54:53 +0100 Received: from postfix2-2.free.fr ([213.228.0.140]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 171Dg3-000784-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Fri, 26 Apr 2002 22:54:51 +0100 Received: from veronique (toulouse-2-a7-62-147-38-159.dial.proxad.net [62.147.38.159]) by postfix2-2.free.fr (Postfix) with SMTP id 9B8C85F8C7 for ; Fri, 26 Apr 2002 22:16:40 +0200 (CEST) Message-ID: <000a01c1ed5f$96aa3e20$0696ffbe@veronique> From: "f5maf" To: "VLF Group" Subject: LF: Jason reception Date: Fri, 26 Apr 2002 22:17:40 +0200 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="------------090202050307060407020206" X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2615.200 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: This is a multi-part message in MIME format. --------------090202050307060407020206 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=windows-1252; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Jim, Jason reception it's ok (with PSU noise!) JASON TEST DE M0BMU IO91VR ....... What is your ERP at 19:30 TU? little attachement file . 8 K good night Marc --------------090202050307060407020206 Content-Type: image/jpeg; name="Signal2.jpg" Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Disposition: inline; filename="Signal2.jpg" /9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQEBLAEsAAD/2wBDAAgGBgcGBQgHBwcJCQgKDBQNDAsLDBkSEw8UHRof Hh0aHBwgJC4nICIsIxwcKDcpLDAxNDQ0Hyc5PTgyPC4zNDL/2wBDAQkJCQwLDBgNDRgyIRwh MjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjL/wAAR CAAtAikDASIAAhEBAxEB/8QAHwAAAQUBAQEBAQEAAAAAAAAAAAECAwQFBgcICQoL/8QAtRAA AgEDAwIEAwUFBAQAAAF9AQIDAAQRBRIhMUEGE1FhByJxFDKBkaEII0KxwRVS0fAkM2JyggkK FhcYGRolJicoKSo0NTY3ODk6Q0RFRkdISUpTVFVWV1hZWmNkZWZnaGlqc3R1dnd4eXqDhIWG h4iJipKTlJWWl5iZmqKjpKWmp6ipqrKztLW2t7i5usLDxMXGx8jJytLT1NXW19jZ2uHi4+Tl 5ufo6erx8vP09fb3+Pn6/8QAHwEAAwEBAQEBAQEBAQAAAAAAAAECAwQFBgcICQoL/8QAtREA AgECBAQDBAcFBAQAAQJ3AAECAxEEBSExBhJBUQdhcRMiMoEIFEKRobHBCSMzUvAVYnLRChYk NOEl8RcYGRomJygpKjU2Nzg5OkNERUZHSElKU1RVVldYWVpjZGVmZ2hpanN0dXZ3eHl6goOE hYaHiImKkpOUlZaXmJmaoqOkpaanqKmqsrO0tba3uLm6wsPExcbHyMnK0tPU1dbX2Nna4uPk 5ebn6Onq8vP09fb3+Pn6/9oADAMBAAIRAxEAPwDzbxRoS6dpdncx2f2fzVDHAJGfqawNLtYp 5H+03IhUDjpzW6YPE1pZgzWl5Np5X5VuASuPUCsVbV7iZhDaSsepVSox+le7KKclKxgnpYsq lwGaO0e7ePnAjRmz+YFTxWURjV2+0+cTwk1uTzn1z/SnQy3WmQPC8FzahhxunZF/QD+dU57m ZQPtWJnb7jI4Lgf72M1pdLViJZb+6h32jrNu6fIxX9Kbp+ozWAmSO0PmyfxqMsPzyKqyzid4 0HnlwMfvBuYfQ1ci065iZpJxLAQMh5DtB/EYNSm5PRhsV7m+upSv2qN8Yxl4RnH1AFQzpp+1 WhkYHuHBzmrWoXM1x5bedLKiDBLE7fwzUV1eW1wiJbwIHxhvlAJ/GpkrXv8AiMgAicqPLiX0 IkwTVqS2VXQW63CuerZIUfjiqDx5kRXTy/fOf1qzHZzXE6RqzN6Fun51Mdb6AxksaLIRK6zN /E2SP1qdDgxjylMJHRTj9QM0NZyW8hR5VTnBWRgc/lmnRJ8wRY5WU5H7rcBWkY6iuXII4Hik aCe8jQDGxW35P0610HhYQ6cr3V1qUVrnqhby7ph/sndgfiazdO8PQzv9mOftzjMayBvmH0yD VzR9BEmtR293JqFiySBSWszLGB6n5hx+NabLURS8Txafczx3On3Gp3Lyf8/UiSkf8DXIP51z 32C4SXc6SIfXyyf1ArsviZo1pYaxAmnXtrd5jG6aJgvP+6GOK4ZHnR/KMnyHgntXNJq60LV7 EzwSrIrTlpogeQr5P5Vaa4tBt+yQyW5zy74x/KoPIhCN5TAOOfmcHP4DmpYBDIgBkhgYHr5r Kfyq4rlYiK7R4QWXdGSPvKCqt+tTWtg08RllW4dsdUi3gfU0sskro0cmpDCj5QXyG/ImobV2 gR8XzWzH+ELjNNpKV7B0N3TNEtJrKaS7uWtEXOPMBiY9PXise4tVjnC2rcKeGWVZGPvwa0fD Wly6jcy/uXuI85JDFAen8Q6VX1S+is7144NOiRlJV0eV5R198Z/Kqbjy3eiF1Ir24SeONRNL LOvVZIF/pWe0zyOPNjCkdPl4/wAane9iniLbGQ5+5CAqioIoo7liWnaIDqX7/lWU5XejGl3L 0MV3KGBlI4yOCy4/HiktWM8kkBSBpTkBfLVc/jQsdrs22vkyMOd8krIfwziorhbmQhYwpbP/ ACzcyH8xmtNlcRWeNrS4IklaKRT2XpU7TzTFGYR3HYv5WT+fWmNFcTTeVcb947YBNW7WU20q wFiEz8yoqH+YNRBO/ZDbJ5LqUeRbW0JOf4VlyWP45q1qej/YoYpNShn04ydFkHmM3HUHPA/C rmrXWkap9nt7G2ls5olGXOMMfoAKy7/UZ73y7e7ujMUGEWR/kH0IGf1raS77EoijsohIEtnu JEYcMUzn64HH51UE0iM8LRRgAkbyxH65q9YznTna3EWyaX7pHQ59Mn+tR3WmX1mTLcwyRoxy WcKR+GDxUtaKwzPlnkRlURRp7xjOfxqeO5SeaNQpi5+d92P0q/pltAHBZ2jDqdsqAfl82aoa jCv2rbNcbADxkbs/lUNTiua47p6GpbyWMWqRA3KzwBsbXRmAP+73r1CwvtR8N6UPsUViYbtW 3LaQpbsw56kyeaPwFeMrBbgjybomQH7yxHj9a9E8EaTbeI7q00+61uaYMTvhRljkQYJyGZg3 5VTd1eWwvQ4jVtYvryU28hljjDH935rOT9Sck/nUFlbOLhYcSyBukaRkmut8XW+laPrM+l6d fG4EZ5ldQuPYsuCfrmuduYppFSVIgit/FHGCD9WGf1zVKF/e3C5FLZX1lOFdVttw4dgAw+ua pTWdyJGk+adSf9ZFhs/iM1sTNcJaA35kMRX5CQjDPtkZrOhu7mxQiJpkVv4o8IT+VKcVcEyu sIY7AskTgZ3Oc/4VGqSwyBlkLPnouGNasEq2e6eWEXRdTnzAoUcd+eaqSul3gxwKhzyLcf0y alwXzHdhE/kTCeWaVCf7kWG/XitfVpdGv9Oja3mu5L9QMiVAO3+yaxyvnuLWGO4eTP3ZGAqe +0XUrFFFxbsEYZGc7enrTTdmkIpR2MrSgzMtspPLuSBXXWdvp8tq0KXMdxMiAgxTMMn0Klcf +PVgafaQPbybtTWFl/5ZfdH5niraTmwgI0+9mWXALoQHU/jinTioq4mZjOkUzrcAZBOFKAkf jmqzuZXJ3MBn+IkY/mKntXe7unDI0zHnauAaS7tRa3IXy7hZD1SbBxUSu1dbFF5LG2WBJJZ0 ZDwVXG4/iSP5Ut5qd1FGLaG432e3HlbMD+VOSa3t4BJG8oY8FA7Rk/TGK0rnxDcXGjrYnz5E ZcB5olJTn1Az/OtmtLIk5u3mnjJ8qWWAdiucfyqS7mnuBGZbo3bDpwSR+PFa2j+H9T1a/NpZ W0lxOF3DzEI49sUanYahpNy1lqVtcQzxtncBuI/WoUVazYxdOF7fQxB7QSw5wS8ipGfqWpfE 1laWV3HH5C23yA7IyChPsQ39KfZ6+qTxJ/aFzGUP/LdWcE+4Vv8AGrXiG8vdSmhk1S1hdWAE V1ADGuPdRV7qyYjkopBCWwE55CvFu/ritn7Xf3dokdzPBHAD8q5VC35DP61WuobiCBhFeRTR j7yFScf99DNaeizRzaDcRLGySK2QyMTnj0YGogrS5WNswLiVRJyAdowAhLH8TmoYWjWVHkOB nJUpnP0BqwLtlYiFwJgcdFUn8cc0kVy8d2ks8JuFBBKb2AP4is5au9xmjqup2GoyW/2awMbx qASSAWqt5c4RpJbVxDjqQ24fTiux8Uanp2oaHayReE10t1TJuoJlJb8xn9a5ewiluwWSKTCj mbzCpx9SCPyrWN29dxG9oHi/W9N0iaxstbS0tmP+qkVdzcdjgEVy1jNI2pFHWGaRnz++HmIT 6kVdkvEjs5YFnMb7+hbcW/FsfpUdtoOsXdsJrXTHuIevmRRq4P1OaUkk9PmCN/U7fxRrV4tu kdvMsKcR2q7AF+lYEzXcBlUpHEqHDLvZWz9Tgmtvw/4g8Q6DdtaS6hqWnRNkBd2fwCsCP0qr rF0t9rE0yQ/ZlDHdLtILn1KBQufwqldiMIXHmTJNcEoyn5VEIOfxNdTqviu91TSE0+90exjt 0XCXSwbX+u7GK5q7eSW+8vczkYw0SH+QNX9ZWa2tYX+0XqyFQPmyin8Cc0raPyGYyPbwBo5Y Cyt91hJz+QqTEMcWIp5A7njaOg/E1YtJbeS1d76S5WYfcKdD9eKimWWdFJhDIp4dZFLVCSto GpaTT40txMsxaY53JIVRgPXB61Q2Req/98x1q2V8Y9iz29w8ajGWYn/x0U/7dYf885v/AAGp VkrKw0R6ojLFAiXcs0xXP7yTdt/4D1H5VLp3hrxJfIxtNKmugoyWgtCxGfQgfyrqtS07wNdX T3dj4ruIUhj+SKSwJLN6byf6Vyy+NPEenSSRaf4l1GOAk7UEr4x6gHOPwpzndc0f8hIW88I+ LFZXfQNamUnCmWzlbH5pxVefwz4it4hJd6VqqxDGd1q6Af8AAmFTS+OPGMiK/wDwk+sYHRku JFH44PNR/wDCdeJ7wpFd65qFzCrA7ZLl8H688/jmsFKfNaRWg200/Vr26jFjpuosi8HyY3cj 3yK2m8H6q9jd3t7p+pGCLP8ApD2zHae+c8+lZ7eNtes7ppNN1a9tnZcMoui4P59K3dA8d+MG E9q+rvcR3ilXa5cyhc9cbmwo57VveXNaOpPQ4eaN4bfEc8UsR75yR/hUdtZvJMioY2Z+A4Jw Pyr0A/DOa6tmuT4h8L2kh5LTX46fhkCo2+E2saUv2y41rw6Ldk3Jcm/xGw9sqM1m5w57MfQ5 LU/Dt1pbRNcXluySc/umL4/T+dU5bIGMSRyFol6yFgB+nNdSnw71SRWvF1Tw+lueRKNRiCv9 Mn+eK09M+GlzfRqbrW/DlurNyn9prvYeo2hwfzp81PW7DU4QpDHEJvPRm7KEbP48/wA6nsNR iinWQboueSJSn/oIz+dbWp+DY7HUri1fVNJWGMfIf7Qjbf8AQLk/nisiPS7ZAUi1G1eQg7lU sQB/vbefyq1e91sJ2Os8P+MItH1OW6LBo2TAAO8E/wDAhwawn1WS/wBTu7mC7toUmcl450BD fXj+dRQeGdPnjWSPxPpkcmeYroSRkf8AjtWl8KWFwD9q8ZaCgB42tKxP4BKHUe7QWRz99umn JxbbV42w7cVf0CztJL4SXUbzQLnMSSCMN/wIjArYn8H2NjBHND4j0OeR+iRSTPke/wAg2/jU dv4dvrgFLRYLtSCd8MsZQH/gWD+Yopxu+ZoG+hpLqXgK2klQ+D765Y9GbVGG0+21AMe/NZOr XmjXUO2x8MmzO4Zl+1vKVH+8wA/OsqaKS0heG4t7dSTglNrN+Y+WtPRIZjZTPpt5GGDDdDcR 4z+Ipxgk9AuVbeXTbIqLiNrmIrwUlG8H64IrVj1nwg1qxvfC15JLnAK6oVBH/fHFc/fszs6f Z9sn8ZYOw/AtVHBig2LMvPVRkH9aU2tugI6+fWfD0SI+g6HPYTKvzvLqjSEdP4cYrGtbY3sk 95ewFwckSPLgH8QMVN4fv/DNvGY9ZsL26Ycr5NwIhnjqQDXQ22peB4oJ7lNM1e4LKR9jlvQI l9MOI8/pSg1ZK10M4iUWyzEosbJu5VXZsD65FS3NzG8Kpaxui45wSP8AP5100d14Bkt5bn+w dYjkZuI11BCq/Q+Xu/MVmB/C0t2GnstTgtwM7kukLN9cpSTlZ6WAxIbloWAkkCqD6ZP9a6fQ dU0Gyme61DQW1LKkR7ZPIKH16kH8qsRXXw/WVZBo+q+SuAxN/Fk+4Aj/AKisTXb3RJrojR7T UIrcHhbtw7fpgUot2tLYGuxq3mueG7qVymj6ysmeM6mhx7Y8vH6GlN94Ultolg8PazDeqctP DfId35pj07CsCE2/kOqWzvI38RIUD8apQWpWXzHjZogeSsgH6mm09Lages6n4x8IalpMVpqn hu6t5oIwIni1ACQ4HVsDH5qfpXOWWt+BpiYIfC2picj/AFw1MF8/TZt/Sue1JLYxwvFaXUOR y0lwpQ/TioEivIQG+ys0PXO4kf8AfQpumk/+HFc7P/hJ9E063Fh/wjxuUY5c3+pNJNjuFMez b+dWbvxb8PH01La18E+W4PMc15KP1U5Jrz651JbmVTLbhtgwojJB/PPNaIeO405Q1pMGJ7As T+fNPkjKWj/FheyO38O6l4Z1rUIrN/CulWkG0hZZNWlgP0BLEk/UVkeJZ/Duj6oLRfDVo8A6 ym+nZ2H+9n+lMtdNbRLOO7u/D+sC2kTInjnRev8AwA8Vzup3NnLdGWDT5IM/xyzZz9eMU+Vb 3C5opqvhe4nOPDbRLk7TFfuC3sd2f5V02k+F47vS01fw14lh0q8DEyW11diJ0HPIO1SePavP FkMcw+Y7j3JyD9P/ANVSaYv2y/EMaIspz87yED9TRbouoHXXcVzr9zHaS+I9HvJwcSyuojx9 WZQW/Cqd5ot/a3CQHxNp81ruws1tOWjU/RBmsi40q9to3Km22g/8s3jJP/fJJ/OmXUROnxtL qS5H/LH71XbuI6RPAd1fRrNP418LLH/C1xqmCPwKcVpeHvAWmXHiRre+8R6BeKiFvMgunIz+ QU/mK85kSOcRiJHXuQq//qFLKskTf6PKYwvUrMB/KsHGervcrQ6rXbbwpaapcWsrSztESqvp 4SOFz26s5/PFVNLbwiHC3VtrpUt8yxzxBcexKg5rnvtM427miuG/vNhyPzqNlkuphthTd3AI BptphY6+O7+Htq8xl03xLIxOFVrqIKB/3z/jTHPhSaHe9v4i+yg5CGaEgcf3tox+VY2nRu98 kDQWiZOG8woxA98mtPxBpcURH2DWbW5jOAYbYsQpx0OBgVUYJJvuJskez8LSxh9Ks9cjfOT5 rRzKRx3UDHftXZeHNBhh0f7dZ3ekNMwHmWT3SyzY9Ruxt+gFecaZHHZPItzcx28mOGjUu36Z qWO7vba5UJO7qcYngjCt9DgZq4q0Uo6A9zem8P3KTyahAlldW0jndFJeeTIvsAdpqHW9LtdQ MCWl9a2rx48yC5nIVD/vkYb8zXK6jbXzXRmeNmVz99iMn6mrWoWF6lpDLK1uI8cESJupcz1V gsbtr4fudQuFit9Y0mFwuRI+oIiN7cnJ/KkvPCF4IpTca9o08sa7tkF+szH2AzwfauX82IQh FYAn+LcSR+XFLbwLeTpbnyo9/wDGSVz9alu78gOh8Oanq1k8sGn+Ir+wcL8wCnafqeayNTlm nvJJJpY57nPzTpg7vryOfwrcXwjfPOLGC90tH2gqp1ONS34Z/Sukn+E15Z6DDeahf2Nhdl9s cF9dxxrKeMbWBYHOf71DlTjo3ZhqedwWEttJHcPaNNuOdhTKn69cV0mux3C21rJ9pEKyIB9n S5GxR/ulh/KpZPDOu2wY3M2l3SR8mE6lG2PqFcZHtVbUyfEMEGn2dvYJNFgM1uqxx/mW/nWk bW90TMSwuWtp3S8tjc2n8SFdw/A8V0Fnq3he0gkkHhi/lDH70epCPH4CPI/M1Xl8Caxp2mS3 pl094VUbnh1GJivsQGNctPa3Mdtvl2pGx4xzn8RWTl7tyranWN4j8CPjf4P1BpAMZOrsefX7 nNLYav4XuJYo77TL94t2VT7enyj6eVz+Y+tctYs8WGlESpjh5FDUod2lEiTLIQeCE2j+lTTV l6/13BnrOrat8OraxjC+F7x5OgN1essij1QK0g/A4rDvm0rVdJL2MusWsCrgWtysc4Pv/Ca4 PUVfzElZoFc9PLbOfrVu1hfbHdXjSFDxtt1HmEexzVwSUra/eJlW5tbQltssgIbaA2CT+APF Sre6lYQrbvJOlsf4DLtBHuK6WaDwzpjJe3dlrTI/ZbuJCPwKHmlh1DwWdQS5u9J117bbgl7i JmJ98Rj+Yoas9FqMxLTxFd2N1t0mU22QQVcgqfoDx+lRyvqI1BrqZA7k7n+z7cH67K2hp2ga 7roj0CC5t43J2G+vYY8n0ztwP1NdNrOg+CPCV21jrj69PeSR7iLa4gaEE9BnAP5ilztb7iOP jkj1eSXzVs9NlUZWRYn3fpnmrZt9DeyMd/40uPPH3A1jMU/PIP6VBq1/4Wa1S30Oyvre5VuJ LpklH/jo4rC1R7uRl+0PG7YGGVBnH86qTbjdbgjds9F8LSW0st9408lzwqwabLJn65xirX/C M+E4FRpPiDaSKT9w6XMxx/SuW8q3FiZUkdZs42l8Coon8v8A10kg78x5H4k1k4u6u7DudpDp /hrT71bnTfFli6KPmMunT5X6cYP51of25of/AEOMX/gpl/xrhTPbGANawxtcE8uQzAfgelVf PvP+elt+a0ql1bUcTd13XrzUra3juYhaoiY/dKF3fUBf61iiKOWDdcREjPyzIePxqRrrFn5r 21tI5HVkJ/rUM1zKYBJ5sgDcbA2FH4VtK27JRaFlexwCXbJJBj78OWXHuDxVBnibaWgQL7cE /jxWjZyta2LojyjzMk7XwOnpg1lzNtKyHLbu2cUp2SVhosPGjsHhtSsY6kEg/meK6t76efRo 7Czu7izUrmRDtZWHv3/SuY04Kt2QjSo2MhlfGP0qC5u7n7TIxnkLKfvE8mnFpJ3FuacmmJbw pcW1xKzjkzMgRAfYmq9yTcPvuriSZ8cySvkfhjNVl1S9TYRcysWGPnYkfl0qq8zXEpLhB67V AzUSnFaJDSZeeS3eIRBnIHRg239CKT7NseLyvl3H+MqAam2N/Z4eNtq45VhuP51XsRPcOqLO Y/m4Iz/jVO113EWJpIYwUktIy47qjoB+XWjTo7m5uSbNAXUEhVO3/P512ureGLey8HC/PkS3 DIC7NBgnn2auc8HW9pc6s6tFKrLGzDbLgfkB/Wrs1JWDoZElzcxXhe4hQsvVHzinQK+p3wEM CmVuFRCAP6VHqLrPqUwC7DuxlTUNq4gnKDfuH8SttrJtqVm9B9DpfD+ia3H4jFtBZp9rYfJG 7jnj0rQg8Oa/deNXstR0e4uJjnfFGpUAY9Tipfhto0us+I45F1G4tdjZ/dHk9fetLx7f3/hD xfLPpl7N5rLhpZW3OeP73ar5raJiOM8SWS6Vqs9kYpbXaceSVBJ+pBqlbXUUKKqRhX3D5Zdz xke4HB/KoEu5b65muLsm4mc5LSknmrEf2eSANNFIVDAFI5NoP5gmlGTl7y6haxf1qdr9Y1ik sQyKDtgAjA4H8OKz7OCZ7eRzC8wHVsnA/Cn6lcxQzLFbQGOPH3WkLdvwq5phEGn3G1RhhnjP pWiXNO4PYqadZW19crHK3lJ0IaTYfwyCT+dEtm0c88VoZWhQkZ3Dj9aoWNwIL7zTEr4OdrGu miuW1HTJwAYOCflkZx+TE1NPlkrdQZzU0KW527jK2epB2/zpLiIiNRGibT1ApjwbGf52LKeo 4zQIV8osQpGPTn86xfVWsMeEntU3ybFU9sk5/Kns4cArERu/22IqnGCZVUN16E84q9IJNyqz q6+6CiDb0GyA2+zDq4U5/iyv86kWSSNgRPg55AJANRRASXYicArnH0qe802ODLo5+jDNPVLm ihadS7d7tQgRkM8iqvOSNo+gIFZoLwAukxHYANn9OlNjunjj8rqh7DimGUBgoXn+8etNzUlz LcEjRtLpVTdNHbvn72Yxu/PIpQ4SVRbyJJlsiBTvB/Os/d5txHFLuZSQOtdFoVlDc63awRB7 fM6rvjcg9a0hdq3YTPTvh1D4V1XS7pdZi3XNuhfyFNxEQoHOSZNp+mFFeWeII4ZpZbmyghht vMO2GEA4Hvh2H619F+KvBscPhG7SPV9RcJGAFuJBKgGQOFIxXiPiy/s9NtLfR4tLgPGTPvZW P4KQKypSVRSnff8AAb00Ob05DfyKfK27OiqQAfwPNVnMcly6FxDJk8soAH41reHrcSTuPlXO cMqDcPoaytT/AND1Bgv7wk/fkOW/w/St3pFE9SvdQQogEEjyP3ZDlf8AGp4BZpbK0hjlk/u4 CkfjUIuZWYI4ifHQvGCa0riyT+yxMqRKx64Q8/maiKV3JDLV79il0+FlMKYH3JEc/wDjy8Vh XM6svl+RAq/3ogcfqaZFdySReQyoUHAyD/jXQeGFN1PLZDZHhSfMCbj096d/aPQNjBsWt45/ 3gjEZHVlLUTNb/aSzSkxg8KqYFTywxRalt2s5ViCXIOfwxReXbvKIykKovQJGBn61HK4xsx3 uyOEQz3KmOE9fuxsT/Sty+1VF0w2VzGTIMbfNRMjjtgfzqLwlarqGqMkm1RjjagyvNR+JoFs 72VfMlmZT96VgR+QAFXFtQuJ7mfHGDG0paaHj7zAYNRadcxw3geZDLGpzgIKhaeWSIAsAg/g AGK7Dwdo2g39q82p2NzcNuAAjuhGO/bYaxcm37vQdu5hTTie7M8ShIicESbVH5kVq3Phe7On /bVtJGUjIllCiMj2IPNQ+I9Gt7CYy2Y8qHJKxtliMerE8/lVa6urzUtPiSe5Pkxj5UA/+v8A 0rovdO4ilBbWkrssreQB3bkn6A4NXLa2t/sUz28gDqDzKoXP/j386xReSj7pIHTGeK29MsEu NPeUswkIOCOMVFNxb0QO5n2tvIZcHKrJx/rUGfzPNamoTXNi8NjIskduOR8xj/UcfpVyOE6f b+ftgnnA4eaLOPyIrIvdTuJdREkhVs4+VhlR9AeBTsoqwbms9ra21kLiyggkZh88zyLJj8yP 5VDeWGnjSYbq2Ja5cjcowoJ+gyP5Vkskk1wWklLE9MjgVZuLPybZHaQu4/ixgj6HtVcyadkI VxeW1o6LH9kVl+YPxv8AoTWZFJI0Jj+0gc/dznNaly9zdwKjXLFAvAdd5/M1jyWpihMvmEnO MAYrGo3zaFJGn9ikSwEzRkkj7xYNj8CaqKlxcRMFCTBB97aOKVVSK2ieMMrPwxB5qa3t1F4U RmUAZOGPNXyt2EV0VBH+9gRWzwS39MEfpXax6vHH4bis00fTomA4vAyvKBnrj5cVzl00Yhlz CCVGQ24k/wDj2cVT02KC91CGLyygJGSD6/hVL3Q3Og13w9bW1pBcwatLe3ErcxK4DDjk4PNV LGGZZBb2cfl3Tfea6iwfzAru/FvhhfBWiQXVjqN3KZwMxykFBkfTP615xFdm3njCNMrS8kpI FH5AU4crfMhMnlilk1MWjrH9qQ4MyMrYP0rasdM/tDV57W/vY55o0P7yabafwXkfrXKXMgW+ k3Bm+b5jnlvxxXcS+GILy5hlExSEJu8sruOf97NVHW4M4nUrEWepSwzSMqK3DBVOfyNQlzby ACd2Qj7xwcfhU2qRQpq88QjIVGxgNjNJPpseAUIUEdwSfzzWDUrvlRQ8vFHATBe5Zv4RCF/M 1SBEc+XfzCeysabNaLCmdxJzVu08q2O0xeYzDILHgfp/WlHmk7NBoiexnictGxljA52t8wP4 Y/rRug9G/wC/H/2dQ2is9421ihYnlatfY3/5+pfzpTbsrgj/2Q== --------------090202050307060407020206-- From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 25869 invoked from network); 26 Apr 2002 19:03:49 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by exhibition.plus.net with SMTP; 26 Apr 2002 19:03:49 -0000 Received: (qmail 19913 invoked from network); 26 Apr 2002 19:03:40 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 26 Apr 2002 19:03:40 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 171CT7-0006zR-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Fri, 26 Apr 2002 21:37:25 +0100 Received: from postfix2-2.free.fr ([213.228.0.140]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 171CT6-0006zM-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Fri, 26 Apr 2002 21:37:24 +0100 Received: from veronique (toulouse-2-a7-62-147-38-78.dial.proxad.net [62.147.38.78]) by postfix2-2.free.fr (Postfix) with SMTP id D2D0E6009F for ; Fri, 26 Apr 2002 20:59:18 +0200 (CEST) Message-ID: <004a01c1ed54$c8316280$0696ffbe@veronique> From: "f5maf" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org References: <5.1.0.14.0.20020426180905.00aa08d0@gemini.herts.ac.uk> Subject: Re: LF: Where are you? Date: Fri, 26 Apr 2002 21:01:32 +0200 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2615.200 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Ok Jim, thank you, QRM is high, with PSU computers and monitors (in 1024 resolution, clock is on 137.45 / 2!!!) from my neighbours! I hope that PC will be turn off for reception test. For the QRSS contact yes, in 2001. I have 4 QSL from LF stations. (See on my site: www.qsl.net/f5maf, choise french version!) 73 Marc ----- Original Message ----- From: James Moritz To: Sent: Friday, April 26, 2002 7:19 PM Subject: Re: LF: Where are you? > At 21:34 25/04/2002 +0200, you wrote: > >I would like receive something! > > > >I see on the reflector some Jason test but what is the "Jason frequency > >test" and when ? > Dear Marc, > > OK, then I will transmit some Jason sigs this evening - about 1900utc for > an hour or so, QRG 137.500kHz - I hope this will be OK. I remember we had a > QRSS contact some time ago, so Jason should work well with similar conditions. > > Cheers, Jim Moritz > 73 de M0BMU > > > From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 21207 invoked from network); 26 Apr 2002 17:28:56 -0000 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 26 Apr 2002 17:28:56 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 12389 invoked from network); 26 Apr 2002 17:28:52 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 26 Apr 2002 17:28:52 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 171B0T-0006oe-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Fri, 26 Apr 2002 20:03:45 +0100 Received: from hestia.herts.ac.uk ([147.197.200.9]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 171B0S-0006oZ-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Fri, 26 Apr 2002 20:03:44 +0100 Received: from gemini ([147.197.200.44] helo=gemini.herts.ac.uk) by hestia.herts.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.22 #1) id 1719TX-0003Pm-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Fri, 26 Apr 2002 18:25:39 +0100 Received: from [147.197.232.252] (helo=rsch-15.herts.ac.uk) by gemini.herts.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #1) id 1719TX-0000mD-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Fri, 26 Apr 2002 18:25:39 +0100 Message-ID: <5.1.0.14.0.20020426180905.00aa08d0@gemini.herts.ac.uk> X-Sender: mj9ar@gemini.herts.ac.uk X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1 Date: Fri, 26 Apr 2002 18:19:08 +0100 To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org From: "James Moritz" Subject: Re: LF: Where are you? In-reply-to: <008b01c1ec90$6c46a760$0696ffbe@veronique> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: At 21:34 25/04/2002 +0200, you wrote: >I would like receive something! > >I see on the reflector some Jason test but what is the "Jason frequency >test" and when ? Dear Marc, OK, then I will transmit some Jason sigs this evening - about 1900utc for an hour or so, QRG 137.500kHz - I hope this will be OK. I remember we had a QRSS contact some time ago, so Jason should work well with similar conditions. Cheers, Jim Moritz 73 de M0BMU From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 26053 invoked from network); 26 Apr 2002 15:39:39 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 26 Apr 2002 15:39:39 -0000 Received: (qmail 3393 invoked from network); 26 Apr 2002 15:39:31 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 26 Apr 2002 15:39:31 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 17193U-0006Xs-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Fri, 26 Apr 2002 17:58:44 +0100 Received: from postfix2-2.free.fr ([213.228.0.140]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 17193S-0006Xn-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Fri, 26 Apr 2002 17:58:42 +0100 Received: from veronique (toulouse-2-a7-62-147-37-139.dial.proxad.net [62.147.37.139]) by postfix2-2.free.fr (Postfix) with SMTP id 08DE05FEF4 for ; Fri, 26 Apr 2002 17:20:36 +0200 (CEST) Message-ID: <003c01c1ed36$39b40300$0696ffbe@veronique> From: "f5maf" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org References: <13e.d5b91d6.29f9c840@aol.com> Subject: Re: LF: Where are you? Date: Fri, 26 Apr 2002 17:22:48 +0200 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/html; charset=windows-1252 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2615.200 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Content-transfer-encoding: 8bit
Thank you Wolf for your answer.
 
Yes more QRM on this band!
 
Noise: S7 to S9
DCF 49: S9 / S9+5
With converter and TS 570 + 250Hz filter on 14 MHz.
 
It seem that Jeff live in north of France?
Me, in south! (10 Kms from TOULOUSE).
I had QSO with some G stations, DL stations and I stations but only in QRSS mode (3s) with 300W and T antenna.
Now I have only a 80 m loop!
Perhaps it's possible to have QSO (only in QRSS) with this antenna.
If I receive something on 137.3  this night or tomorrow morning, It will interesting to continu.
 
For resume:
CW around 136.5
Jason mode on 137.3
QRSS mode 135.9 and 137.7
 
73
Marc  
----- Original Message -----
Sent: Thursday, April 25, 2002 10:59 PM
Subject: Re: LF: Where are you?

Hello Marc,

nice to see you back on the reflector.

The Jason tests took place at 137300 Hz, frequency was chozen arbitrarily somewhere the  "normal CW" and "narrow-band digimode" area.

Hope to see you soon on the band (preferably in CW), though the QRM situation at this side is getting worse and worse. Two years ago, I had regular contacts with Jeff F6BWO; now its a good day when I can copy a part of his call :-(

Anyway, 73 and good luck

Wolf  DL4YHF.
From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 28444 invoked from network); 26 Apr 2002 13:47:35 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 26 Apr 2002 13:47:35 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 21111 invoked from network); 26 Apr 2002 12:23:54 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 26 Apr 2002 12:23:54 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 1716Fe-0006Df-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Fri, 26 Apr 2002 14:59:06 +0100 Received: from imo-r07.mx.aol.com ([152.163.225.103]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 1716Fc-0006DY-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Fri, 26 Apr 2002 14:59:05 +0100 Received: from G0MRF@aol.com by imo-r07.mx.aol.com (mail_out_v32.5.) id l.63.a95a954 (17526) for ; Fri, 26 Apr 2002 08:20:14 -0400 (EDT) From: G0MRF@aol.com Message-ID: <63.a95a954.29fa9ffe@aol.com> Date: Fri, 26 Apr 2002 08:20:14 EDT Subject: Re: LF: May 2-4 KN97LN Activity To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/html; charset=windows-1252 X-Mailer: AOL 6.0 for Windows UK sub 10512 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Content-transfer-encoding: 8bit In a message dated 4/26/02 12:50:41 PM GMT Daylight Time, j.r.moritz@herts.ac.uk writes:


At 11:58 26/04/2002 +0400, you wrote:
>I continue to have the big QRM from:
>Alfa(Omega) (azim~196 degr, fq ~12kHz, QRB~200km, pwr~300KW)
>Chajka(Loran) (azim~240 degr, fq~100kHz, QRB~450km, pwr~800KW)
>Radio Chechnya(AM) / Radio Rossii(AM) -
>(azim~168 degr, fq~170/1190kHz, QRB~280km, pwr~150KW/2MW)



Hello Ed.

It should be possible to work QRSS between the  lines of the Loran while orienting a receive loop, or cofiguring a noise cancelling system on one of the other sources.

Whatever you choose I would suggest a band pass filter for the 136k band to avoid intermodulation products and if you are using a large antenna, an attenuator. Not sure how a beverage will work as 2km is still less then 1 wavelength. Also the height above ground would be a very small fraction of a wavelength. I'm sure there would be several members of the reflector interested in the results of work with an antenna of this type.

There are also many stations across Europe who would like to have a cross band QSO, so even if you have high QRM, you can still have 50 QSOs with a Big TX signal.

Good luck with the  'expedition'

73

David  G0MRF From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 14660 invoked from network); 26 Apr 2002 13:46:32 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by exhibition.plus.net with SMTP; 26 Apr 2002 13:46:32 -0000 Received: (qmail 10472 invoked from network); 26 Apr 2002 12:14:31 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 26 Apr 2002 12:14:31 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 17165c-0006BV-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Fri, 26 Apr 2002 14:48:44 +0100 Received: from rhenium.btinternet.com ([194.73.73.93]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 17165a-0006BQ-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Fri, 26 Apr 2002 14:48:43 +0100 Received: from host62-7-111-82.in-addr.btopenworld.com ([62.7.111.82] helo=default) by rhenium.btinternet.com with smtp (Exim 3.22 #8) id 1714Yc-0004Je-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Fri, 26 Apr 2002 13:10:34 +0100 Message-ID: <000001c1ed1b$5fb0b280$526f073e@default> From: "Alan Melia" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: LF: Re: May 2-4 KN97LN Activity Date: Fri, 26 Apr 2002 11:33:03 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.72.3110.5 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hi Ed, my only comment is that whilst Beveridge aerials are fine for wide band listening, 136 operation does require a tuned aerial to reduce the intermodulation effects in the RX of strong BC stations. This also applies to the loop aerials, which should be tuned (resonated) for maximum sensitivity to weak stations. I am surprised you are having trouble with signals so far removed in frequency from 136kHz. I have to contend with Rugby 16kHz 0.5MW and MSF 60kHz 50kW, Droitwich 198KkHz at 200kW, Loran at 300kms, and BBC WS on 1296kHz at 20kms and 500kW, and a local BC station on about 1215kHz 1kW at 2kms. None of these give any detectable problem on my Rx with a tuned aerial. I do not have the need to use even an band-pass filter for 136. My RX response has been sufficiently sensitive to receive the Canadian test transmission from VA3LK and VE1ZZ. My 70m long inverted 'L' is resonated with a 2mH 30cm diameter solenoid coil tuned by inserting a single (BC rx type) ferrite rod. I look forward to hearing you on your next expedition Ed. Good Luck and Good DX Cheers de Alan G3NYK alan.melia@btinternet.com ----Original Message----- From: Ed Lesnichy To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Date: 26 April 2002 09:01 Subject: LF: May 2-4 KN97LN Activity >Hello LF Group! > >May 2, 3, 4 we will be active on LF from Machta (KN97LN) - >mainly at night >My Sunset 16:40z, Sunrise 2:10z > >I continue to have the big QRM from: >Alfa(Omega) (azim~196 degr, fq ~12kHz, QRB~200km, pwr~300KW) >Chajka(Loran) (azim~240 degr, fq~100kHz, QRB~450km, pwr~800KW) >Radio Chechnya(AM) / Radio Rossii(AM) - >(azim~168 degr, fq~170/1190kHz, QRB~280km, pwr~150KW/2MW) > >Direction to Europe - from 340 degr(OH) to 290 (I) > >Loops's I can not cancel all at once >The best signal/noise gives beverage (probably I will make 2km) + >hi-order band-pass + adjustable(5...30dB) amplifier > >Any idea abt my new RX antenna or RX configuration?? > >73! Ed RU6LA mailto:ed@dx.ru > > > From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 11797 invoked from network); 26 Apr 2002 11:50:58 -0000 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by exhibition.plus.net with SMTP; 26 Apr 2002 11:50:58 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 10837 invoked from network); 26 Apr 2002 11:50:49 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 26 Apr 2002 11:50:49 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 1715hD-00067a-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Fri, 26 Apr 2002 14:23:31 +0100 Received: from hestia.herts.ac.uk ([147.197.200.9]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 1715hC-00067V-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Fri, 26 Apr 2002 14:23:30 +0100 Received: from gemini ([147.197.200.44] helo=gemini.herts.ac.uk) by hestia.herts.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.22 #1) id 1714AF-0007Zy-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Fri, 26 Apr 2002 12:45:23 +0100 Received: from [147.197.232.252] (helo=rsch-15.herts.ac.uk) by gemini.herts.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #1) id 1714AE-00070G-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Fri, 26 Apr 2002 12:45:23 +0100 Message-ID: <5.1.0.14.0.20020426114318.00a7c6f0@gemini.herts.ac.uk> X-Sender: mj9ar@gemini.herts.ac.uk X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1 Date: Fri, 26 Apr 2002 12:35:45 +0100 To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org From: "James Moritz" Subject: Re: LF: May 2-4 KN97LN Activity In-reply-to: <11498.020426@dx.ru> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Dear Ed, LF Group, At 11:58 26/04/2002 +0400, you wrote: >I continue to have the big QRM from: >Alfa(Omega) (azim~196 degr, fq ~12kHz, QRB~200km, pwr~300KW) >Chajka(Loran) (azim~240 degr, fq~100kHz, QRB~450km, pwr~800KW) >Radio Chechnya(AM) / Radio Rossii(AM) - >(azim~168 degr, fq~170/1190kHz, QRB~280km, pwr~150KW/2MW) Comparing to the situation in the south UK, we also get QRM from the Loran station at Lessay in France - this is visible on a spectrogram display as many horizontal lines spaced a few Hz apart, and makes a sound like "galloping horses". Because this QRM is generated by the Loran transmitter, the only way to eliminate it is by using a directional antenna such as a loop. There are also several VLF transmitters in the region, such as GBR on 16kHz, but I am not aware of any QRM problems caused by these signals. The Radio 4 signal from Droitwich (198kHz, 400kW?) sometimes causes intermods in the LF range when combined with other LF signals, eg. 198kHz - 60kHz(MSF) = 138kHz - it is usually possible to eliminate this by having a fairly high Q tuned antenna, or a simple bandpass filter. I believe in some parts of DL, significant intermods are radiated by transmitters on different LF frequencies using the same site. At my QTH, I have 4 broadcast transmitters within 1km (Radio 5 909kHz, 150kW, Talk Radio UK 1089kHz, 150kW, Virgin 1215kHz, 50kW, and Sunrise 1458kHz 50kW). Naturally, I have to take care to avoid intermods - to use my TX antenna for RX, I find that the series antenna loading coil, plus the "half wave" TX low pass filter (2 x pi sections) give adequate filtering - I usually use 10 - 20dB attenuation as well. I sometimes find intemods can be generated by the antenna or the earth connections, if there is poor contact between the metal parts - I have a 10m mast that is useless for RX because of this, but a similar sized vertical wire a few metres away works well on receive. The MF transmitters themselves do not seem to cause many problems, although there is an intermod on 126kHz (1215 - 1089kHz). I would be interested to know what form of QRM occurs at your QTH? Hope to see you on the air again soon, Cheers, Jim Moritz 73 de M0BMU From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 21730 invoked from network); 26 Apr 2002 08:46:04 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 26 Apr 2002 08:46:04 -0000 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 28635 invoked from network); 26 Apr 2002 08:03:34 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 26 Apr 2002 08:03:34 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 1712AX-0005fX-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Fri, 26 Apr 2002 10:37:33 +0100 Received: from nort.infotecstt.ru ([80.68.3.204] helo=relay.dx.ru) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 1712AW-0005fS-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Fri, 26 Apr 2002 10:37:32 +0100 Received: from ed.dx (ed.dx [10.0.1.11]) by relay.dx.ru (8.9.3-PM01/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA98764 for ; Fri, 26 Apr 2002 11:59:21 +0400 (MSD) Date: Fri, 26 Apr 2002 11:58:07 +0400 From: "Ed Lesnichy" X-Mailer: The Bat! (v1.35) UNREG / CD5BF9353B3B7091 Organization: Ed Lesnichy X-Priority: 3 Message-ID: <11498.020426@dx.ru> To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: LF: May 2-4 KN97LN Activity MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hello LF Group! May 2, 3, 4 we will be active on LF from Machta (KN97LN) - mainly at night My Sunset 16:40z, Sunrise 2:10z I continue to have the big QRM from: Alfa(Omega) (azim~196 degr, fq ~12kHz, QRB~200km, pwr~300KW) Chajka(Loran) (azim~240 degr, fq~100kHz, QRB~450km, pwr~800KW) Radio Chechnya(AM) / Radio Rossii(AM) - (azim~168 degr, fq~170/1190kHz, QRB~280km, pwr~150KW/2MW) Direction to Europe - from 340 degr(OH) to 290 (I) Loops's I can not cancel all at once The best signal/noise gives beverage (probably I will make 2km) + hi-order band-pass + adjustable(5...30dB) amplifier Any idea abt my new RX antenna or RX configuration?? 73! Ed RU6LA mailto:ed@dx.ru From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 81 invoked from network); 25 Apr 2002 22:11:39 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 25 Apr 2002 22:11:39 -0000 Received: (qmail 10725 invoked from network); 25 Apr 2002 19:40:37 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 25 Apr 2002 19:40:37 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 170qWw-0004FX-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Thu, 25 Apr 2002 22:11:54 +0100 Received: from postfix1-2.free.fr ([213.228.0.130]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 170qWv-0004FQ-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Thu, 25 Apr 2002 22:11:53 +0100 Received: from veronique (toulouse-2-a7-62-147-36-213.dial.proxad.net [62.147.36.213]) by postfix1-2.free.fr (Postfix) with SMTP id D28A0AB84B for ; Thu, 25 Apr 2002 21:33:46 +0200 (CEST) Message-ID: <008b01c1ec90$6c46a760$0696ffbe@veronique> From: "f5maf" To: "VLF Group" Subject: LF: Where are you? Date: Thu, 25 Apr 2002 21:34:11 +0200 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2615.200 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hi group, after six months, I'm coming back. No LF antenna, just a 80m loop and the GW4ALG adaptation system. I would like receive something! I see on the reflector some Jason test but what is the "Jason frequency test" and when ? QRSS QSO is always on 137.7? Survey the band with 200 Hz BP filter is difficult! Best73 at all Marc F5MAF From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 2354 invoked from network); 25 Apr 2002 21:04:43 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 25 Apr 2002 21:04:43 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 8750 invoked from network); 25 Apr 2002 21:04:43 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 25 Apr 2002 21:04:43 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 170rsg-0004On-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Thu, 25 Apr 2002 23:38:26 +0100 Received: from imo-r07.mx.aol.com ([152.163.225.103]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 170rse-0004Oi-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Thu, 25 Apr 2002 23:38:24 +0100 Received: from DL4YHF@aol.com by imo-r07.mx.aol.com (mail_out_v32.5.) id l.13e.d5b91d6 (4461) for ; Thu, 25 Apr 2002 16:59:45 -0400 (EDT) From: DL4YHF@aol.com Message-ID: <13e.d5b91d6.29f9c840@aol.com> Date: Thu, 25 Apr 2002 16:59:44 EDT Subject: Re: LF: Where are you? To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/html; charset=windows-1252 X-Mailer: AOL 6.0 for Windows XP DE sub 50 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Content-transfer-encoding: 8bit Hello Marc,

nice to see you back on the reflector.

The Jason tests took place at 137300 Hz, frequency was chozen arbitrarily somewhere the  "normal CW" and "narrow-band digimode" area.

Hope to see you soon on the band (preferably in CW), though the QRM situation at this side is getting worse and worse. Two years ago, I had regular contacts with Jeff F6BWO; now its a good day when I can copy a part of his call :-(

Anyway, 73 and good luck

Wolf  DL4YHF.
From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 13649 invoked from network); 25 Apr 2002 20:06:02 -0000 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 25 Apr 2002 20:06:02 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 17247 invoked from network); 25 Apr 2002 18:46:40 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 25 Apr 2002 18:46:40 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 170ph5-00048W-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Thu, 25 Apr 2002 21:18:19 +0100 Received: from [212.141.91.4] (helo=mail.sitesolutions.it) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 170ph3-00048N-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Thu, 25 Apr 2002 21:18:18 +0100 Received: from [151.26.165.245] [151.26.160.125] by mail.sitesolutions.it (SMTPD32-5.05) id AD6B6F1B0134; Thu, 25 Apr 2002 20:39:39 +0200 X-Sender: info&itacomm.net@mail.itacomm.net (Non verificato) Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/enriched; charset=us-ascii Date: Thu, 25 Apr 2002 20:37:20 +0200 To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org From: "CABASSI" Subject: LF: Hessdalen & VLF Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: HESSDALEN 2001: VLF Radio Report and some further proposals for the next Missions.
Flavio Gori
In this report, I'll give some basic information about the work done in the Hessdalen valley, Norway.
First of all I'll take this opportunity to recall what we were looking for from VLF research in the field.
The most important fact was to realize which kind of VLF electromagnetic natural noise situation should be to define as standard in order to understand if and when something may arise to influence in any way such local EM environment, in particular when Hessdalen Phenomena lights appearing. This job was done using two VLF receiver: ELFO, with 2 square antennas, each arm 2 meters long, and the portable WR3 with its 60cm whip antenna. Moreover an Inspire VLF receiver was set up in the Blue Box station, connected to a 50m dipole. Both WR3 than Inspire are broadband audio amplifiers, able to deal with about 12 kHz down to 300 Hz.

http://ww.itacomm.net/PH

Italian Committee for Project Hessdalen.
With this definition at the end of July 2000 a private research center has been founded,
initially aimed at supporting and divulging researches to be carried out with a scientific basis
on luminous atmospheric phenomena which are recurrently observable in several areas of our
planet, with a particular interest for the Hessdalen valley in Norway.
In the first weeks of August 2000, the Committee furnished his contribution to these
researches with the active attendance in Hessdalen of his scientific co-ordinator astronomer
and astrophysicist Massimo Teodorani, the first italian researcher who took an interest in the
norwegian phenomenon, and author of numerous scientific papers on this subject..
The next aims are to probe even further into the investigation of the Hessdalen phenomenon
and to carry out a reconnaissance in other sites of Earth, including Italy, where recurrent
sign als of Luminous Phenomena in Atmosphere have been reported, in order to monitor
suitably them with the installation of recording instruments in prospect and collect data.
The Committee is composed of 9 promoters: Renzo Cabassi, Nico Conti, Roberto Labanti,
Maurizio Morini, Marco Orlandi, Marco Piraccini, Roberto Raffaelli, Massimo Silvestri and
Alessandro Zabini.

Italian Committee for Project Hessdalen.
Renzo Cabassi




Renzo Cabassi tel/fax 051239088 - mobile 3484015147 - GSM/FAX 3484057216
CISU: Commissione Fenomeni Luminosi in Atmosfera http://www.itacomm.net
Comitato Italiano per il 'Project Hessdalen' http://www.itacomm.net/PH info@itacomm.net


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 24973 invoked from network); 25 Apr 2002 18:30:51 -0000 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Received: from unknown (HELO mx.last.plus.net) (212.159.3.230) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 25 Apr 2002 18:30:51 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 16432 invoked from network); 25 Apr 2002 10:40:37 -0000 Received: from post.thorcom.com (212.172.148.70) by mx.last.plus.net with SMTP; 25 Apr 2002 10:40:37 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 170i8e-0003Ir-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Thu, 25 Apr 2002 13:14:16 +0100 Received: from hestia.herts.ac.uk ([147.197.200.9]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 170i8d-0003Im-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Thu, 25 Apr 2002 13:14:15 +0100 Received: from gemini ([147.197.200.44] helo=gemini.herts.ac.uk) by hestia.herts.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.22 #1) id 170gbg-0007Kd-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Thu, 25 Apr 2002 11:36:08 +0100 Received: from [147.197.232.252] (helo=rsch-15.herts.ac.uk) by gemini.herts.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #1) id 170gbf-0005hH-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Thu, 25 Apr 2002 11:36:08 +0100 Message-ID: <5.1.0.14.0.20020425102233.00af25c8@gemini.herts.ac.uk> X-Sender: mj9ar@gemini.herts.ac.uk X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1 Date: Thu, 25 Apr 2002 11:29:03 +0100 To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org From: "James Moritz" Subject: LF: Re: Jason recording session In-reply-to: <001301c1dd2d$5a87ca80$4e6152d5@it> References: <76.1b38dd3b.29f72088@aol.com> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Dear LF Group, I transmitted Jason test sigs as advertised last night at 100W (1730 - 1750), 30W (1800 - 1820), 10W (1830-1850), 3W (1900 - 1920), 1W (1930 - 1950) and 0.3W (2000 - 2020), give or take a few minutes. Thanks to Wolf for the reports in the gaps between transmissions. The ERP is roughly 0.0003*TXpwr, so from 30mW to 90uW ERP. The tests over the last couple of days if nothing else show that Jason and similar modes are the way to go if you really want to operate QRP on LF, or are stuck with a very small antenna. I did hear IK2DED's QRSS3 signals further up the band last night, however I was unable to respond at the time because I was trying to tidy up the mess of cables in the shack! Giulio's signal was about S4 here. Cheers, Jim Moritz 73 de M0BMU From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 22684 invoked from network); 25 Apr 2002 00:06:35 -0000 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Received: from unknown (HELO mx.last.plus.net) (212.159.3.230) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 25 Apr 2002 00:06:35 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 21416 invoked from network); 24 Apr 2002 15:15:28 -0000 Received: from post.thorcom.com (212.172.148.70) by mx.last.plus.net with SMTP; 24 Apr 2002 15:15:28 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 170Q4N-00018f-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Wed, 24 Apr 2002 17:56:39 +0100 Received: from hestia.herts.ac.uk ([147.197.200.9]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 170Q4M-00018a-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Wed, 24 Apr 2002 17:56:38 +0100 Received: from gemini ([147.197.200.44] helo=gemini.herts.ac.uk) by hestia.herts.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.22 #1) id 170OXQ-00014O-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Wed, 24 Apr 2002 16:18:32 +0100 Received: from [147.197.232.252] (helo=rsch-15.herts.ac.uk) by gemini.herts.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #1) id 170OXQ-0000M5-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Wed, 24 Apr 2002 16:18:32 +0100 Message-ID: <5.1.0.14.0.20020424153558.00a7c1b0@gemini.herts.ac.uk> X-Sender: mj9ar@gemini.herts.ac.uk X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1 Date: Wed, 24 Apr 2002 16:12:41 +0100 To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org From: "James Moritz" Subject: Re: LF: Jason recording session In-reply-to: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Dear Wolf, Markus, Stewart, LF group, Thanks for last night's Jason tests - conditions here were rather quiet, with the result that I was getting reasonable copy from DF6NM at the 1W level - at 0.1W, a trace was faintly visible on the waterfall, but no copy. At higher power levels, I had good copy from both stations, both in Jason and CW modes I have forwarded some of the data to KK7KA, hopefully the internet won't choke on it! I had to use 2 PCs, one for Jason and one to record the signal. I have not used my Jason TX hardware for a little while, but it seems to be still OK, so I will hopefully be able to put out a Jason signal this evening from about 1730utc onwards. 137.30kHz seems like a good frequency. What I will try to do is to start off with about 100W for about 20 minutes, then listen for 10 minutes, then reduce power by 5dB to about 30W for another 20 minute period, and keep reducing power by 5dB every 30 minutes to 0.3W, which should take about 3 hours altogether - unless someone has better suggestions? It will take a few minutes to change PSU settings/check the output power on a scope. Hope to see you later, Cheers, Jim Moritz 73 de M0BMU From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 18199 invoked from network); 24 Apr 2002 20:20:47 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 24 Apr 2002 20:20:47 -0000 Received: (qmail 4854 invoked from network); 24 Apr 2002 20:20:44 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 24 Apr 2002 20:20:44 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 170UkU-0001lW-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Wed, 24 Apr 2002 22:56:26 +0100 Received: from tungsten.btinternet.com ([194.73.73.81]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 170UkT-0001lR-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Wed, 24 Apr 2002 22:56:25 +0100 Received: from host213-1-106-72.in-addr.btopenworld.com ([213.1.106.72] helo=default) by tungsten.btinternet.com with smtp (Exim 3.22 #8) id 170TDX-0003qW-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Wed, 24 Apr 2002 21:18:19 +0100 Message-ID: <000101c1ebcd$1b0dd940$486a01d5@default> From: "Alan Melia" To: "LF-Group" Subject: LF: IK2DED qrss and audible S5 Date: Wed, 24 Apr 2002 21:16:27 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.72.3110.5 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hi all where is everyone ?? Giulio was a good signal again tonight in the UK at 2005z fully 'O' on QRSS3 despite S9 TV QRM and was actually clearly audible at about s4/5 on my short wire. Cheers de Alan G3NYK alan.melia@btinternet.com From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 29768 invoked from network); 24 Apr 2002 19:24:12 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 24 Apr 2002 19:24:12 -0000 Received: (qmail 10422 invoked from network); 24 Apr 2002 19:24:08 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 24 Apr 2002 19:24:08 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 170Tp1-0001df-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Wed, 24 Apr 2002 21:57:03 +0100 Received: from www.gardaol.com ([195.223.232.51] helo=netregister.it ident=xkkmehsin) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 170Tp0-0001da-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Wed, 24 Apr 2002 21:57:02 +0100 Received: from ik2dedlibero (brescia14.phoenix.it [213.82.97.78]) by netregister.it (8.11.4/8.11.4) with SMTP id g3OJIt607252 for ; Wed, 24 Apr 2002 21:18:55 +0200 Message-ID: <001301c1dd2d$5a87ca80$4e6152d5@it> From: "Giulio Scaroni" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org References: <76.1b38dd3b.29f72088@aol.com> Subject: LF: Re: Jason recording session Date: Sat, 6 Apr 2002 07:38:59 +0200 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/html; charset=windows-1252 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2919.6600 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Content-transfer-encoding: 8bit
 
I have read the message in reflector late yesterday, so i have tuned on 137.300, and at about 18.45 Z i have received  only the end of qso, that was the following message:
 
nw pwr 30 watts
 
nothing more.
So good reception in Italy.
73 de IK2DED Giulio
Hello group,

Jim M0BMU, Markus DF6NM and I had a 3-corner-mixed-mode-QSO (in Jason/CW) on Tuesday evening.
Markus used his linear TX with an output power between 130 W down to 100 mW.
Solid copy with 1 watt over a distance of roughly 350 km between DF6NM and DF0WD, even more impressive that Markus' QRP signal could be copied at Jim's QTH.
I don't know what Markus' lowest ERP was when Jim had still fair copy - he may explain himself.
Jim, I hope you have a couple of Megabytes in the box now and a fast DSL access to send the data to Stewart.
I tried to save a couple of wave files while running Jason in "RX" mode, but it seems my old laptop is not suitable for this - Windoze asked me to close the application which occupied the soundcard, and a second PC was not available during the test.

Thanks for the test to everyone involved. Jim told us he will be putting out a Jason signal tomorrow, maybe something to listen for across the pond if he uses full power ?

Regards,
 Wolf DL4YHF/DF0WD.
From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 20605 invoked from network); 24 Apr 2002 15:12:24 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 24 Apr 2002 15:12:24 -0000 Received: (qmail 1389 invoked from network); 24 Apr 2002 15:01:24 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 24 Apr 2002 15:01:24 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 170Pdd-00014T-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Wed, 24 Apr 2002 17:29:01 +0100 Received: from ligarius-fe0.ultra.net ([146.115.8.189]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 170Pdb-00014O-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Wed, 24 Apr 2002 17:29:00 +0100 Received: from comrex (207-172-216-190.s1206.apx1.sbo.ma.dialup.rcn.com [207.172.216.190]) by ligarius-fe0.ultra.net (8.8.8/ult/n26500/mtc.v2) with SMTP id KAA22080 for ; Wed, 24 Apr 2002 10:50:52 -0400 (EDT) Message-ID: <004901c1eb9f$a4915580$09dc9384@ma.ultranet.com> From: "John Andrews" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org References: <7D653C9C42F5D411A27C00508BF8803DCB9A7E@mail.dstl.gov.uk> Subject: LF: Re: DDS Amplitude control Date: Wed, 24 Apr 2002 10:41:22 -0400 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2314.1300 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Andy, > Not being able to control the amplitude of the AD9850/51 DDS chip output > waveform makes it difficult to generate decent signalling waveforms. > However, this is possible by changing the current into the Rset, pin 12, > which sets the full scale amplitude of the D/A output. On my DDS board this > current is set by an innocuous 3.9k resistor. Replacing this with a FET > acting as a variable resistor allows a DC level to control the amplitude for > non critical applications - such as bandwidth limiting a signal by envelope > shaping. Note also that this makes a good place to key the output on and off without resorting to software. I have a FET in series with the original 3.9k resistor, and keying that eliminated a "backwave" problem when I keyed subsequent stages. John Andrews, W1TAG From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 27539 invoked from network); 24 Apr 2002 13:46:22 -0000 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 24 Apr 2002 13:46:22 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 27114 invoked from network); 24 Apr 2002 13:46:18 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 24 Apr 2002 13:46:18 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 170OIj-0000tw-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Wed, 24 Apr 2002 16:03:21 +0100 Received: from relay.dera.gov.uk ([192.5.29.49]) by post.thorcom.com with smtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 170OIi-0000tr-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Wed, 24 Apr 2002 16:03:20 +0100 Received: (qmail 25364 invoked from network); 24 Apr 2002 14:25:12 +0100 Received: from butterfly.mod.uk (HELO warlock.dstl.gov.uk) (192.5.29.10) by relay.dera.gov.uk with SMTP; 24 Apr 2002 14:25:12 +0100 Message-ID: <7D653C9C42F5D411A27C00508BF8803DCB9A7E@mail.dstl.gov.uk> From: "Talbot Andrew" To: "LF Group \(E-mail\)" Subject: LF: DDS Amplitude control Date: Wed, 24 Apr 2002 14:24:28 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2650.21) Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Not being able to control the amplitude of the AD9850/51 DDS chip output waveform makes it difficult to generate decent signalling waveforms. However, this is possible by changing the current into the Rset, pin 12, which sets the full scale amplitude of the D/A output. On my DDS board this current is set by an innocuous 3.9k resistor. Replacing this with a FET acting as a variable resistor allows a DC level to control the amplitude for non critical applications - such as bandwidth limiting a signal by envelope shaping. The voltage at this Rset pin is maintained at approximately 1.26V and current is sourced through the external resistor. By suitable biassing, this current can be varied, so directly and linearly altering the amplitude of the output waveform. On the Analog Devices web site WWW.ANALOG.COM there is a tecnical note on altering the amplitude by digital control via an external D/A converter. Search for 'AD9851' then under related topics look for technical data. Andy G4JNT "The Information contained in this E-Mail and any subsequent correspondence" "is private and is intended solely for the intended recipient(s)." "For those other than the recipient any disclosure, copying, distribution, " "or any action taken or omitted to be taken in reliance on such information is" "prohibited and may be unlawful." From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 28754 invoked from network); 24 Apr 2002 01:12:03 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 24 Apr 2002 01:12:03 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 9124 invoked from network); 23 Apr 2002 20:43:01 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 23 Apr 2002 20:43:01 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 1708c4-0007d0-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Tue, 23 Apr 2002 23:18:16 +0100 Received: from imo-d03.mx.aol.com ([205.188.157.35]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 1708c2-0007cs-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 23 Apr 2002 23:18:14 +0100 Received: from DL4YHF@aol.com by imo-d03.mx.aol.com (mail_out_v32.5.) id l.76.1b38dd3b (4464) for ; Tue, 23 Apr 2002 16:39:36 -0400 (EDT) From: DL4YHF@aol.com Message-ID: <76.1b38dd3b.29f72088@aol.com> Date: Tue, 23 Apr 2002 16:39:36 EDT Subject: LF: Jason recording session To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/html; charset=windows-1252 X-Mailer: AOL 6.0 for Windows XP DE sub 50 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Content-transfer-encoding: 8bit Hello group,

Jim M0BMU, Markus DF6NM and I had a 3-corner-mixed-mode-QSO (in Jason/CW) on Tuesday evening.
Markus used his linear TX with an output power between 130 W down to 100 mW.
Solid copy with 1 watt over a distance of roughly 350 km between DF6NM and DF0WD, even more impressive that Markus' QRP signal could be copied at Jim's QTH.
I don't know what Markus' lowest ERP was when Jim had still fair copy - he may explain himself.
Jim, I hope you have a couple of Megabytes in the box now and a fast DSL access to send the data to Stewart.
I tried to save a couple of wave files while running Jason in "RX" mode, but it seems my old laptop is not suitable for this - Windoze asked me to close the application which occupied the soundcard, and a second PC was not available during the test.

Thanks for the test to everyone involved. Jim told us he will be putting out a Jason signal tomorrow, maybe something to listen for across the pond if he uses full power ?

Regards,
 Wolf DL4YHF/DF0WD.
From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 20762 invoked from network); 23 Apr 2002 22:59:54 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 23 Apr 2002 22:59:54 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 28353 invoked from network); 23 Apr 2002 22:59:53 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 23 Apr 2002 22:59:53 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 170Ae3-0007ww-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Wed, 24 Apr 2002 01:28:27 +0100 Received: from imo-d02.mx.aol.com ([205.188.157.34]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 170Ae2-0007wr-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Wed, 24 Apr 2002 01:28:26 +0100 Received: from MarkusVester@aol.com by imo-d02.mx.aol.com (mail_out_v32.5.) id l.d8.16b878b3 (3989) for ; Tue, 23 Apr 2002 18:49:44 -0400 (EDT) From: MarkusVester@aol.com Message-ID: Date: Tue, 23 Apr 2002 18:49:43 EDT Subject: Re: LF: Jason recording session To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Mailer: AOL 4.0.i for Windows 95 sub 72 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hi Wolf, Jim, Stewart and LF group, mni tnx (also to Alberto!) for the enjoyable QSO and Jason tests. As I hadn't read about the sched on this reflector before, I sort of stumbled in when I heard Jim asking for lower power Jason. > Markus used his linear TX with an output power between 130 W down to > 100 mW. The first two steps of the power reduction were done in an improvised manner by loosening the inductive coupling to the antenna variometer, which presents a higher load impedance to the PA and preserves its efficiency. In the beginning, I had some trouble with my automatic antenna tuner: Apparently, the sharper antenna resonance produced more gain in the phase detector servo loop, resulting in oscillation of the variometer and calling for a (literally) hands-on solution. Stewart may possibly detect some low-level 3 Hz sidebands... The even lower powers were generated by additionally modifying the PA's duty cycle, aided by a scope coupled to the antenna for relative amplitude calibration. The step from 1 W to 0.1 W was in the middle of the last Jason transmission. > I don't know what Markus' lowest ERP was when Jim had still fair copy - he > may explain himself. The efficiency of the antenna is about 8*10^-4, so 1 W results in 0.8mW EMRP or 1.5 mW EDRP. > it seems my old laptop is not suitable for this - Windoze asked me to close > the application which occupied the soundcard, and a second PC was not > available during the test. ...same here. Without AC97, I guess we have to resort to a-posteriori decoding. > Thanks for the test to everyone involved. Jim told us he will be putting out > a Jason signal tomorrow, maybe something to listen for across the pond if he > uses full power ? Perhaps with a lot of luck, as condx seem a little unfavorable presently. Had a spectrogram running last night and most of today, to evaluate what looks like CFH's idle carrier on 137029. Nighttime levels were consistent at a very moderate level around 4 dBuV/m (compared to good nights peaking in the 30 to 40 dBuV/m range), but then on the other hand it was visible all day, down at -15...-10 dBuV/m. Best 73 Markus, DF6NM From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 28121 invoked from network); 23 Apr 2002 19:48:24 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO mx.last.plus.net) (212.159.3.230) by exhibition.plus.net with SMTP; 23 Apr 2002 19:48:24 -0000 Received: (qmail 19280 invoked from network); 23 Apr 2002 17:48:39 -0000 Received: from post.thorcom.com (212.172.148.70) by mx.last.plus.net with SMTP; 23 Apr 2002 17:48:39 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 1705zl-0007Ee-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Tue, 23 Apr 2002 20:30:33 +0100 Received: from protactinium.btinternet.com ([194.73.73.176] helo=protactinium) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 1705zk-0007EZ-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 23 Apr 2002 20:30:32 +0100 Received: from host217-39-2-210.in-addr.btopenworld.com ([217.39.2.210] helo=dellboy) by protactinium with smtp (Exim 3.22 #8) id 1704So-0000wJ-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 23 Apr 2002 18:52:26 +0100 Message-ID: <004a01c1eaef$97ef24c0$1700a8c0@home> From: "Dave Pick" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org References: Subject: LF: Re: ===Myth - all HGH products are the same=== 178543222111111 Date: Tue, 23 Apr 2002 18:48:27 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.50.4807.1700 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: > > Have You Heard of Human Growth Hormone (HGH)? > Does it work on antennas? Dave 'YXM. From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 17846 invoked from network); 23 Apr 2002 18:39:04 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 23 Apr 2002 18:39:04 -0000 Received: (qmail 10446 invoked from network); 23 Apr 2002 18:39:00 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 23 Apr 2002 18:39:00 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 1706fi-0007LP-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Tue, 23 Apr 2002 21:13:54 +0100 Received: from moutvdomng1.kundenserver.de ([212.227.126.181]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 1706fh-0007LK-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 23 Apr 2002 21:13:53 +0100 Received: from [195.20.224.204] (helo=mrvdom00.kundenserver.de) by moutvdomng1.kundenserver.de with esmtp (Exim 3.22 #2) id 17058m-00071j-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 23 Apr 2002 20:35:48 +0200 Received: from [80.128.134.248] (helo=hans) by mrvdom00.kundenserver.de with smtp (Exim 2.12 #2) id 17058m-00024x-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 23 Apr 2002 20:35:48 +0200 Message-ID: <001c01c1eaf5$a8f4ff00$1501a8c0@hans> From: "Hans Niedermayr" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: LF:remove Date: Tue, 23 Apr 2002 20:35:33 +0200 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/html; charset=windows-1252 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Content-transfer-encoding: 8bit
Guys,
please excuse for my previous msg "LF:remove" and delete it without any "reply" or "answer" action!
It seems to be an ugly mail virus.
73, Hans, DK7MI
From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 25356 invoked from network); 23 Apr 2002 17:22:52 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO mx.last.plus.net) (212.159.3.230) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 23 Apr 2002 17:22:52 -0000 Received: (qmail 26516 invoked from network); 23 Apr 2002 15:52:36 -0000 Received: from post.thorcom.com (212.172.148.70) by mx.last.plus.net with SMTP; 23 Apr 2002 15:52:36 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 1704Di-0006tT-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Tue, 23 Apr 2002 18:36:50 +0100 Received: from moutvdom01.kundenserver.de ([195.20.224.200]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 1704Dg-0006tN-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 23 Apr 2002 18:36:48 +0100 Received: from [195.20.224.204] (helo=mrvdom00.kundenserver.de) by moutvdom01.kundenserver.de with esmtp (Exim 2.12 #2) id 1702gl-0002ub-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 23 Apr 2002 17:58:43 +0200 Received: from [80.128.128.70] (helo=hans) by mrvdom00.kundenserver.de with smtp (Exim 2.12 #2) id 1702gj-0004xn-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 23 Apr 2002 17:58:41 +0200 Message-ID: <000b01c1eadf$b71185b0$1501a8c0@hans> From: "Hans Niedermayr" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org References: Subject: LF: remove Date: Tue, 23 Apr 2002 17:58:27 +0200 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: ----- Original Message ----- From: To: Cc: ; Sent: Tuesday, April 24, 2001 12:39 PM Subject: LF: ===Myth - all HGH products are the same=== 178543222111111 > Have You Heard of Human Growth Hormone (HGH)? > > Released by your own pituitary gland, HGH starts declining > in your 20s, even more in your 30s and 40s, eventually resulting > in the shrinkage of major organs -- plus, all > other symptoms related to old age. > > All HGH (Human Growth Hormone) products are not the same. > > There are three different types of products. > Yet, all three are advertised as if they where the same. > > The three types are: > > 1) Homeopathic HGH > 2) Pre-cursor HGH > 3) Real or synthetic HGH (delivered by injection > or, by an oral spray method). > > Do you know the differences? > > Call us and we'll explain them to you. > > Our toll free number is 1-888-621-7300. > > For more information on HGH read on............ > > In Thousands of Clinical Studies Human Growth Hormone > has been proven to accomplish the following: > > + Reduce Body Fat and Build Lean Muscle > WITHOUT EXERCISE! > > + Enhance Sexual Performance > > + Remove Wrinkles and Cellulite > > + Lower Blood Pressure and Improve Cholesterol Profile > > + Improve Sleep, Vision and Memory > > + Restore Hair Color and Growth > > + Strengthen the Immune System > > + Increase Energy and Cardiac Output > > + Turn back your body's Biological Time Clock 10 - 20 years > > + Live Longer and Stronger > > All natural and organic plant based > > Feel 10 Years Younger in 10 Weeks > > We are the manufacturer and we sell directly to Doctors, > Chiropractors, and consumers world wide the highest grade > HGH Oral Spray available. > > With internet marketing, we are able to save advertising > cost and pass those savings along to you. > But you must act now. > > To receive more information call us now. > > Toll Free 1-888-621-7300 > > We must speak to you in person to qualify your usage. > > All of your questions will be addressed and answered in a friendly, > no pressure manner. Our main purpose is to provide you with > information so you can make an educated decision. > > For more information call > > 1-888-621-7300 > > If you are on line write down our > phone number and call us when you can. > > Soon, you and your loved ones will be very glad you did. > > Read what people are saying: > > "The effects of 6 months of GH on > lean body mass and fat were equivalent > in magnitude to the changes incurred > during 10-20 years of aging." > Dr. Daniel Rudman, MD, > New England Journal of Medicine. > > "Within four months, my body fat decreased > form 30% down to 21%! I noticed my skin > is more supple and my overall mental > outlook improved significantly." > D.W., New Jersey > > "We have been on the spray for just 3 weeks > now, and besides the tremendous energy we > both feel, my husbands allergies and spells > of depression have lifted. I am healing > extremely fast after an accident and have > lost 7 lbs. without trying!" > C.B., Flagstaff. AZ > > Thanks for reading our letter, > > The HGH Staff > USA Division > > PS: The HGH Staff guarantees the > highest quality and lowest price. > > We manufacture and ship directly to your door. > > > Call us now 1-888-621-7300 > > *********************************************************** > > ======= End of message ======== > > To Qualify for a Free HGH Consultation > call the HGH Staff -- Today. > > *********************************************************** > The following statement is provided to be > in compliance with commercial email laws. > > If you do not wish to receive further > mailings, please click reply > and type remove in the subject box. > Then click send. > > This message is in full compliance with > U.S. Federal requirements for commercial > email under bill S.1618 Title lll, Section 301, > Paragraph (a)(2)(C) passed by the 105th U.S. > Congress and is not considered SPAM > since it includes a remove mechanism. > *********************************************************** > This message is not intended for residents in the > states of CA, NC, NV, RI, TN, VA & WA. > Screening of addresses has been done to the best > of our technical ability. > > *********************************************************** > Call us now 1-888-621-7300 > for your free HGH consultation > From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 24050 invoked from network); 23 Apr 2002 17:12:04 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO mx.last.plus.net) (212.159.3.230) by exhibition.plus.net with SMTP; 23 Apr 2002 17:12:04 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 16727 invoked from network); 23 Apr 2002 15:31:27 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from post.thorcom.com (212.172.148.70) by mx.last.plus.net with SMTP; 23 Apr 2002 15:31:27 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 1703sa-0006pG-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Tue, 23 Apr 2002 18:15:00 +0100 Received: from imo-d01.mx.aol.com ([205.188.157.33]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 1703sZ-0006p3-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 23 Apr 2002 18:14:59 +0100 Received: from DL4YHF@aol.com by imo-d01.mx.aol.com (mail_out_v32.5.) id l.25.266cd3f3 (4412) for ; Tue, 23 Apr 2002 11:36:18 -0400 (EDT) From: DL4YHF@aol.com Message-ID: <25.266cd3f3.29f6d972@aol.com> Date: Tue, 23 Apr 2002 11:36:18 EDT Subject: LF: Jason Test Signals today To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/html; charset=windows-1252 X-Mailer: AOL 6.0 for Windows XP DE sub 50 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Content-transfer-encoding: 8bit Dear all,

I will transmit in Jason this evening.

Time:          Tuesday, April 23, starting at 17:00 UTC
Frequency:  137.300 kHz
Stability:     +-10mHz off the frequency for worst case,
because OCXO can be turned on only shortly befor the test
 (no "permanent standby power supply" at the club station)

Before the test, I will call in normal CW on the frequency to see if anyone is there.
The WX looks a bit like thunderstorms are on their way, so it will be a tough test for a noise reduction algorithm ;-)
If no success, the test transmission can be repeated on Wednesday or Saturday.

Good luck and CUL.
 Wolf DL4YHF / DF0WD. From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 15625 invoked from network); 23 Apr 2002 16:46:23 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 23 Apr 2002 16:46:23 -0000 Received: (qmail 148 invoked from network); 23 Apr 2002 16:46:19 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 23 Apr 2002 16:46:19 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 1704ua-00072S-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Tue, 23 Apr 2002 19:21:08 +0100 Received: from mail.mcf.com ([165.254.158.18]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 1704uZ-00072H-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 23 Apr 2002 19:21:07 +0100 Received: from parissn2 (193.252.108.181) by mail.mcf.com with ESMTP (Eudora Internet Mail Server 3.1.2) for ; Tue, 23 Apr 2002 12:40:51 -0400 Message-ID: <002a01c1eae6$01d0e6d0$0700000a@parissn2> From: "Stewart Nelson" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org References: <000101c1eaa3$7d1b6240$db72073e@default> <5.1.0.14.0.20020423145457.00aec130@gemini.herts.ac.uk> Subject: Re: LF: Re: Re Jason .WAV files Date: Tue, 23 Apr 2002 18:43:31 +0200 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hi Jim and all, The 1 kHz filter sounds like a good idea. If you don't have strong carriers dominating the audio, then 8 bit samples should be fine. Also, if you keep the audio frequency fairly low, you can record at, or convert to, a lower sample rate. If you will be downsampling with software, please record the original at 16 bit resolution, and convert to 8-bit samples at the lower rate. Fifteen minutes should be plenty. At 5512 bytes/sec, that's about 5 MB, and it will probably zip to about 4. Even lower sample rates should be fine if they don't lose data. Alternatively, if you don't mind sending a CD-R to Paris, then you need not worry about file sizes. 73, Stewart KK7KA ----- Original Message ----- From: "James Moritz" To: Sent: Tuesday, April 23, 2002 4:35 PM Subject: Re: LF: Re: Re Jason .WAV files > At 12:23 23/04/2002 +0200, you wrote: > > > >Unless there is strong QRM on an adjacent frequency, please use > >a wide (SSB) filter, and put the desired signal near the center > >of the IF passband. This makes it easier for impulse noise > >rejection algorithms. > > > >Thanks, > > > >Stewart > Dear Stewart, LF Group, > > Using the usual "data" frequency around 137.5, the problem is the very > strong DCF39 signal on 138.83kHz. It is possible to receive in an SSB > bandwidth at my QTH, provided there are no local stations operating, but I > would have to have the filter bandwidth centered on about 136.5kHz. > Alternatively, I could use a 1kHz bandwidth filter. Another possibility > would be to use the "transatlantic" slot around 135.9kHz, but in this > case, the problem would be the Datatrack beacons off the lower band edge. > > Do you have a preference for a particular sample rate? How long a recording > do you need? I can E mail a few megabytes without too much trouble, but if > you need longer I will have to get the data burned onto a CD and mail it to > you. > > Cheers, Jim Moritz > 73 de M0BMU > > > From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 28388 invoked from network); 23 Apr 2002 14:49:16 -0000 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 23 Apr 2002 14:49:16 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 1146 invoked from network); 23 Apr 2002 14:49:12 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 23 Apr 2002 14:49:12 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 17032a-0006fD-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Tue, 23 Apr 2002 17:21:16 +0100 Received: from hestia.herts.ac.uk ([147.197.200.9]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 17032Z-0006f8-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 23 Apr 2002 17:21:15 +0100 Received: from gemini ([147.197.200.44] helo=gemini.herts.ac.uk) by hestia.herts.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.22 #1) id 1701Ve-0001Zi-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 23 Apr 2002 15:43:10 +0100 Received: from [147.197.232.252] (helo=rsch-15.herts.ac.uk) by gemini.herts.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #1) id 1701Vd-0000vS-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 23 Apr 2002 15:43:09 +0100 Message-ID: <5.1.0.14.0.20020423145457.00aec130@gemini.herts.ac.uk> X-Sender: mj9ar@gemini.herts.ac.uk X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1 Date: Tue, 23 Apr 2002 15:35:41 +0100 To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org From: "James Moritz" Subject: Re: LF: Re: Re Jason .WAV files In-reply-to: <000b01c1eab0$f69d6b60$0700000a@parissn2> References: <000101c1eaa3$7d1b6240$db72073e@default> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: At 12:23 23/04/2002 +0200, you wrote: >Unless there is strong QRM on an adjacent frequency, please use >a wide (SSB) filter, and put the desired signal near the center >of the IF passband. This makes it easier for impulse noise >rejection algorithms. > >Thanks, > >Stewart Dear Stewart, LF Group, Using the usual "data" frequency around 137.5, the problem is the very strong DCF39 signal on 138.83kHz. It is possible to receive in an SSB bandwidth at my QTH, provided there are no local stations operating, but I would have to have the filter bandwidth centered on about 136.5kHz. Alternatively, I could use a 1kHz bandwidth filter. Another possibility would be to use the "transatlantic" slot around 135.9kHz, but in this case, the problem would be the Datatrack beacons off the lower band edge. Do you have a preference for a particular sample rate? How long a recording do you need? I can E mail a few megabytes without too much trouble, but if you need longer I will have to get the data burned onto a CD and mail it to you. Cheers, Jim Moritz 73 de M0BMU From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 13397 invoked from network); 23 Apr 2002 14:09:50 -0000 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 23 Apr 2002 14:09:50 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 21327 invoked from network); 23 Apr 2002 14:09:45 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 23 Apr 2002 14:09:45 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 1702Kk-0006W5-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Tue, 23 Apr 2002 16:35:58 +0100 Received: from [61.133.3.85] (helo=danr0.jctp.gov.cn) by post.thorcom.com with smtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 1702Kg-0006W0-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 23 Apr 2002 16:35:57 +0100 Received: (qmail 2183 invoked from network); 23 Apr 2002 10:31:34 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO smtp0402.mail.yahoo.com) (66.189.97.207) by 0 with SMTP; 23 Apr 2002 10:31:34 -0000 From: the_myth_about_hgh178543@desertmail.com To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Cc: jc@izzy.net, sliderule-owner@yahoogroups.com Subject: LF: ===Myth - all HGH products are the same=== 178543222111111 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Date: Tue, 24 Apr 2001 03:39:21 -0700 Message-ID: Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Have You Heard of Human Growth Hormone (HGH)? Released by your own pituitary gland, HGH starts declining in your 20s, even more in your 30s and 40s, eventually resulting in the shrinkage of major organs -- plus, all other symptoms related to old age. All HGH (Human Growth Hormone) products are not the same. There are three different types of products. Yet, all three are advertised as if they where the same. The three types are: 1) Homeopathic HGH 2) Pre-cursor HGH 3) Real or synthetic HGH (delivered by injection or, by an oral spray method). Do you know the differences? Call us and we'll explain them to you. Our toll free number is 1-888-621-7300. For more information on HGH read on............ In Thousands of Clinical Studies Human Growth Hormone has been proven to accomplish the following: + Reduce Body Fat and Build Lean Muscle WITHOUT EXERCISE! + Enhance Sexual Performance + Remove Wrinkles and Cellulite + Lower Blood Pressure and Improve Cholesterol Profile + Improve Sleep, Vision and Memory + Restore Hair Color and Growth + Strengthen the Immune System + Increase Energy and Cardiac Output + Turn back your body's Biological Time Clock 10 - 20 years + Live Longer and Stronger All natural and organic plant based Feel 10 Years Younger in 10 Weeks We are the manufacturer and we sell directly to Doctors, Chiropractors, and consumers world wide the highest grade HGH Oral Spray available. With internet marketing, we are able to save advertising cost and pass those savings along to you. But you must act now. To receive more information call us now. Toll Free 1-888-621-7300 We must speak to you in person to qualify your usage. All of your questions will be addressed and answered in a friendly, no pressure manner. Our main purpose is to provide you with information so you can make an educated decision. For more information call 1-888-621-7300 If you are on line write down our phone number and call us when you can. Soon, you and your loved ones will be very glad you did. Read what people are saying: "The effects of 6 months of GH on lean body mass and fat were equivalent in magnitude to the changes incurred during 10-20 years of aging." Dr. Daniel Rudman, MD, New England Journal of Medicine. "Within four months, my body fat decreased form 30% down to 21%! I noticed my skin is more supple and my overall mental outlook improved significantly." D.W., New Jersey "We have been on the spray for just 3 weeks now, and besides the tremendous energy we both feel, my husbands allergies and spells of depression have lifted. I am healing extremely fast after an accident and have lost 7 lbs. without trying!" C.B., Flagstaff. AZ Thanks for reading our letter, The HGH Staff USA Division PS: The HGH Staff guarantees the highest quality and lowest price. We manufacture and ship directly to your door. Call us now 1-888-621-7300 *********************************************************** ======= End of message ======== To Qualify for a Free HGH Consultation call the HGH Staff -- Today. *********************************************************** The following statement is provided to be in compliance with commercial email laws. If you do not wish to receive further mailings, please click reply and type remove in the subject box. Then click send. This message is in full compliance with U.S. Federal requirements for commercial email under bill S.1618 Title lll, Section 301, Paragraph (a)(2)(C) passed by the 105th U.S. Congress and is not considered SPAM since it includes a remove mechanism. *********************************************************** This message is not intended for residents in the states of CA, NC, NV, RI, TN, VA & WA. Screening of addresses has been done to the best of our technical ability. *********************************************************** Call us now 1-888-621-7300 for your free HGH consultation From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 5773 invoked from network); 23 Apr 2002 14:06:53 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 23 Apr 2002 14:06:53 -0000 Received: (qmail 26879 invoked from network); 23 Apr 2002 11:58:20 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 23 Apr 2002 11:58:20 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 1700LJ-0006C7-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Tue, 23 Apr 2002 14:28:25 +0100 Received: from tungsten.btinternet.com ([194.73.73.81]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 1700LI-0006C2-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 23 Apr 2002 14:28:24 +0100 Received: from host217-39-2-210.in-addr.btopenworld.com ([217.39.2.210] helo=dellboy) by tungsten.btinternet.com with smtp (Exim 3.22 #8) id 16zyoN-00023i-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 23 Apr 2002 12:50:19 +0100 Message-ID: <001c01c1eabd$08521480$1700a8c0@home> From: "Dave Pick" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org References: <5.1.0.14.0.20020419161144.009e8410@POP3.freeler.nl> <5.1.0.14.0.20020422135748.00a95168@gemini.herts.ac.uk> <5.1.0.14.0.20020423110811.00a7bf80@gemini.herts.ac.uk> Subject: Re: LF: Re: Activity please Date: Tue, 23 Apr 2002 12:50:00 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.50.4807.1700 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Sorry I missed Mike. I did hear him working you, he was about Q4 on Jim's IC735 with a 500Hz filter and a slight noise level. Dave. > Who was that masked man? :-) G3XDV was also calling you, but with lower > power than usual, so you probably couldn't hear him. > From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 25573 invoked from network); 23 Apr 2002 10:29:07 -0000 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 23 Apr 2002 10:29:07 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 3261 invoked from network); 23 Apr 2002 10:29:07 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 23 Apr 2002 10:29:07 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16zz0a-0005yw-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Tue, 23 Apr 2002 13:02:56 +0100 Received: from hestia.herts.ac.uk ([147.197.200.9]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16zz0Z-0005yr-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 23 Apr 2002 13:02:55 +0100 Received: from gemini ([147.197.200.44] helo=gemini.herts.ac.uk) by hestia.herts.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.22 #1) id 16zxTe-0000S8-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 23 Apr 2002 11:24:50 +0100 Received: from [147.197.232.252] (helo=rsch-15.herts.ac.uk) by gemini.herts.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #1) id 16zxTe-0007lo-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 23 Apr 2002 11:24:50 +0100 Message-ID: <5.1.0.14.0.20020423110811.00a7bf80@gemini.herts.ac.uk> X-Sender: mj9ar@gemini.herts.ac.uk X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1 Date: Tue, 23 Apr 2002 11:18:57 +0100 To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org From: "James Moritz" Subject: Re: LF: Re: Activity please In-reply-to: <002f01c1ea39$ec288b00$1700a8c0@home> References: <5.1.0.14.0.20020419161144.009e8410@POP3.freeler.nl> <5.1.0.14.0.20020422135748.00a95168@gemini.herts.ac.uk> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: At 21:11 22/04/2002 +0100, you wrote: >Jim. > >I must let you into a secret... >You have the details all correct but the normal operator's name is Jim. It >was me at the key, and my TX... Who was that masked man? :-) G3XDV was also calling you, but with lower power than usual, so you probably couldn't hear him. Cheers, Jim Moritz 73 de M0BMU From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 8461 invoked from network); 23 Apr 2002 10:27:11 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 23 Apr 2002 10:27:11 -0000 Received: (qmail 17739 invoked from network); 23 Apr 2002 10:27:07 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 23 Apr 2002 10:27:07 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16zyzA-0005yk-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Tue, 23 Apr 2002 13:01:28 +0100 Received: from mail.mcf.com ([165.254.158.18]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16zyz9-0005yf-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 23 Apr 2002 13:01:27 +0100 Received: from parissn2 (193.252.108.181) by mail.mcf.com with ESMTP (Eudora Internet Mail Server 3.1.2) for ; Tue, 23 Apr 2002 06:21:10 -0400 Message-ID: <000b01c1eab0$f69d6b60$0700000a@parissn2> From: "Stewart Nelson" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org References: <000101c1eaa3$7d1b6240$db72073e@default> Subject: LF: Re: Re Jason .WAV files Date: Tue, 23 Apr 2002 12:23:50 +0200 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hi Alan and other Rx stations, The audio frequency is unimportant, but please make note of the expected center frequency and sideband, as I don't have a good way to search for these signals. Unless there is strong QRM on an adjacent frequency, please use a wide (SSB) filter, and put the desired signal near the center of the IF passband. This makes it easier for impulse noise rejection algorithms. Thanks, Stewart ----- Original Message ----- From: "Alan Melia" To: "LF-Group" Sent: Tuesday, April 23, 2002 2:14 AM Subject: LF: Re Jason .WAV files > Hi Stewart, you dont say whether you want them at nominal 800Hz ?? I use all > sorts of silly audio frequencies for receiving it.....and LSB !! Have you > any preferences?? > > Cheers de Alan G3NYK > alan.melia@btinternet.com > > > > From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 21181 invoked from network); 23 Apr 2002 09:14:42 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by exhibition.plus.net with SMTP; 23 Apr 2002 09:14:42 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 8441 invoked from network); 23 Apr 2002 09:14:40 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 23 Apr 2002 09:14:40 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16zxr3-0005lK-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Tue, 23 Apr 2002 11:49:01 +0100 Received: from cmailenv2.svr.pol.co.uk ([213.218.77.54]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16zxr2-0005lF-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 23 Apr 2002 11:49:00 +0100 Received: from [62.21.145.56] (helo=w8k3f0.freeler.nl) by cmailENV2.svr.pol.co.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.35 #1) id 16zwK4-0000pn-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 23 Apr 2002 09:10:53 +0000 Message-ID: <5.1.0.14.0.20020423090723.00a20e00@POP3.freeler.nl> X-Sender: FRE0000086604@POP3.freeler.nl X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1 Date: Tue, 23 Apr 2002 09:43:37 +0200 To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org From: "Dick Rollema" Subject: LF: Measuring loop inductance In-reply-to: <5.1.0.14.0.20020422172434.00a89200@gemini.herts.ac.uk> References: <16z3F2-0asCcGC@fwd00.sul.t-online.com> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/html; charset=windows-1252 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Content-transfer-encoding: 8bit To All from PA0SE

Jim, M0BMU wrote;


One needs to be slightly cautious about this type of measurement - the inductance meter measures at a frequency somewhere in the LF range which depends on the inductance being measured - in general, this frequency will not be the same as the intended operating frequency of the loop. The inductance of the loop is fairly frequency dependent due to distributed capacitance, skin and eddy current effects, so the value at the measuring frequency will not be exactly the same as at the operating frequency. This is likely to give only very small errors for moderately sized, single turn LF loops, but could be serious for multi-turn loops with high inductance and stray capacitance, very large loops, or loops for use at MF or HF. Measurement methods which resonate the inductor at the intended operating frequency would then be highly desirable, although more cumbersome.

I fully agree with Jim.
If I had to measure the inductance of a loop in the LF band I would resonate it at 136 kHz by putting a variable capacitor in parallel, if necessary with extra fixed capacitors added. Only small power is needed; a signal generator or small transmitter will do. As detector for resonance an oscilloscope or VTVM can be used. After resonance is found the capacitor(s) can be measured with a capacitance/inductance meter. The inductance of the loop is then found from:
L = (159.154/f)squared/C, with f in megahertz, C in picofarad and L in microhenry.

The capacitance can be measured at a  frequency different from 136 kHz, as a capacitance/inductance meter may do because - at least on LF - there are almost no disturbing stray effects in a capacitor so its capacitance is for all practical purposes independent of frequency.

The loop inductance so found is not the real inductance but the effective one, including stray effects. But that is what you are interested in.

If for some reason you want to know the real value of the inductance the capacitance in parallel with the loop can be increased so much that resonance occurs at a low frequency, something of the order of 10 kHz or so will probably be low enough. The distributed capacitance of the loop - the main disturbing factor - is then so much diluted by the very large capacitance in parallel that it that it hardly effects the measurement.

73, Dick, PA0SE

 From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 29733 invoked from network); 23 Apr 2002 08:56:05 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by exhibition.plus.net with SMTP; 23 Apr 2002 08:56:05 -0000 Received: (qmail 15884 invoked from network); 23 Apr 2002 08:56:04 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 23 Apr 2002 08:56:04 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16zxUx-0005hI-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Tue, 23 Apr 2002 11:26:11 +0100 Received: from gadolinium.btinternet.com ([194.73.73.111]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16zxUw-0005hD-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 23 Apr 2002 11:26:10 +0100 Received: from host62-7-114-219.in-addr.btopenworld.com ([62.7.114.219] helo=default) by gadolinium.btinternet.com with smtp (Exim 3.22 #8) id 16zvxz-0005qN-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 23 Apr 2002 09:48:04 +0100 Message-ID: <000101c1eaa3$7d1b6240$db72073e@default> From: "Alan Melia" To: "LF-Group" Subject: LF: Re Jason .WAV files Date: Tue, 23 Apr 2002 01:14:00 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.72.3110.5 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hi Stewart, you dont say whether you want them at nominal 800Hz ?? I use all sorts of silly audio frequencies for receiving it.....and LSB !! Have you any preferences?? Cheers de Alan G3NYK alan.melia@btinternet.com From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 27245 invoked from network); 23 Apr 2002 00:55:51 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 23 Apr 2002 00:55:51 -0000 Received: (qmail 2662 invoked from network); 23 Apr 2002 00:32:29 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 23 Apr 2002 00:32:29 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16zpfk-0004YR-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Tue, 23 Apr 2002 03:04:48 +0100 Received: from gadolinium.btinternet.com ([194.73.73.111]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16zpfj-0004YM-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 23 Apr 2002 03:04:47 +0100 Received: from host217-39-2-210.in-addr.btopenworld.com ([217.39.2.210] helo=dellboy) by carbon with smtp (Exim 3.22 #8) id 16zkA1-0000W7-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 22 Apr 2002 21:11:42 +0100 Message-ID: <002f01c1ea39$ec288b00$1700a8c0@home> From: "Dave Pick" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org References: <5.1.0.14.0.20020419161144.009e8410@POP3.freeler.nl> <5.1.0.14.0.20020422135748.00a95168@gemini.herts.ac.uk> Subject: Re: LF: Re: Activity please Date: Mon, 22 Apr 2002 21:11:04 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.50.4807.1700 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Jim. I must let you into a secret... You have the details all correct but the normal operator's name is Jim. It was me at the key, and my TX. I just wanted to see what could be done on LF with minimum effort. We slung a wire over the roof and tuned it up against the central heating. When I worked you we only had 1.25A up the aerial. I later got it up to 2A but we didn't work anyone else. Cheers. Dave G3YXM. ----- Original Message ----- From: "James Moritz" To: Sent: Monday, April 22, 2002 2:06 PM Subject: Re: LF: Re: Activity please > At 22:51 21/04/2002 +0100, you wrote: > >QRN levels were high but had contacts with PA3CPM, F6BWO, OH1TN, HB9ASB, > >PA0SE, ON6ND, M0BMU and G3KAU. Heard G3XDV and a signal which I read as OUL > >which turned out to be DF0WD. > > > ...I also had a first LF QSO with Dave, G4NIA, who gave his QTH as Martock > in Somerset. > > Cheers, Jim Moritz > 73 de M0BMU > > > From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 4256 invoked from network); 22 Apr 2002 23:20:55 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 22 Apr 2002 23:20:55 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 12698 invoked from network); 22 Apr 2002 19:41:46 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 22 Apr 2002 19:41:46 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16zlBd-0003sW-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Mon, 22 Apr 2002 22:17:25 +0100 Received: from cmailenv4.svr.pol.co.uk ([213.218.77.56]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16zlBc-0003sR-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 22 Apr 2002 22:17:24 +0100 Received: from [62.21.148.67] (helo=w8k3f0.freeler.nl) by cmailENV4.svr.pol.co.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.35 #1) id 16zjeg-0001eT-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 22 Apr 2002 19:39:18 +0000 Message-ID: <5.1.0.14.0.20020422214504.00a1b040@POP3.freeler.nl> X-Sender: FRE0000086604@POP3.freeler.nl X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1 Date: Mon, 22 Apr 2002 21:46:52 +0200 To: "LF-Group" From: "Dick Rollema" Subject: LF: Rik's info on antennas MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/html; charset=windows-1252 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Content-transfer-encoding: 8bit I forgot to mention the URL of Rik's website: http://www.qsl.net/on7yd/136khz.htm.

To All from PA0SE

The website of Rik, ON7YD, features a 27 page section on antennas and related subjects. I am really impressed by the amount of useful information that Rik has brought together. It is almost a textbook on LF-antennas.
Anyone seeking information on LF-antennas will be well advised to consult Rik's website and few questions will remain unanswered.

Well done Rik!

73, Dick, PA0SE From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 16564 invoked from network); 22 Apr 2002 23:14:13 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 22 Apr 2002 23:14:13 -0000 Received: (qmail 5392 invoked from network); 22 Apr 2002 19:34:03 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 22 Apr 2002 19:34:03 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16zl3J-0003qD-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Mon, 22 Apr 2002 22:08:49 +0100 Received: from mail.mcf.com ([165.254.158.18]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16zl3H-0003q8-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 22 Apr 2002 22:08:48 +0100 Received: from parissn2 (193.252.108.181) by mail.mcf.com with ESMTP (Eudora Internet Mail Server 3.1.2) for ; Mon, 22 Apr 2002 15:28:27 -0400 Message-ID: <001c01c1ea34$3db251a0$0700000a@parissn2> From: "Stewart Nelson" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org References: <5.1.0.14.0.20020422184207.00af0cf0@gemini.herts.ac.uk> Subject: Re: LF: Jason files wanted Date: Mon, 22 Apr 2002 21:31:02 +0200 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hi Jim and Wolf, Many thanks for the offer. One more request -- if it's perfect copy, please reduce Tx power so that there are some errors :) Data from other Rx sites will also be greatly appreciated. 73, Stewart KK7KA ----- Original Message ----- From: "James Moritz" To: Sent: Monday, April 22, 2002 7:55 PM Subject: Re: LF: Jason files wanted > At 13:29 22/04/2002 -0400, you wrote: > >Hi Stewart, > > > >did someone already send you some Jason samples ? > > > >If not, please let me know, I will announce some test signals on the LF > >reflector for tuesday or wednesday in the hope that someone else is able > >to record them as a wave file. > > > >Regards, > >Wolf DL4YHF. > > Dear Wolf, Stewart, LF Group, > > I can record some .wav files of Wolf's signal if you like - at this > distance there should be significant sky wave component at night. I expect > there will be some noise too... > > Cheers, Jim Moritz > 73 de M0BMU > > > From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 17475 invoked from network); 22 Apr 2002 21:25:53 -0000 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by exhibition.plus.net with SMTP; 22 Apr 2002 21:25:53 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 4072 invoked from network); 22 Apr 2002 18:05:01 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 22 Apr 2002 18:05:01 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16zjeR-0003bh-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Mon, 22 Apr 2002 20:39:03 +0100 Received: from hestia.herts.ac.uk ([147.197.200.9]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16zjeQ-0003bc-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 22 Apr 2002 20:39:02 +0100 Received: from gemini ([147.197.200.44] helo=gemini.herts.ac.uk) by hestia.herts.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.22 #1) id 16zi7V-0001Ha-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 22 Apr 2002 19:00:57 +0100 Received: from [147.197.232.252] (helo=rsch-15.herts.ac.uk) by gemini.herts.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #1) id 16zi7V-0005V9-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 22 Apr 2002 19:00:57 +0100 Message-ID: <5.1.0.14.0.20020422184207.00af0cf0@gemini.herts.ac.uk> X-Sender: mj9ar@gemini.herts.ac.uk X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1 Date: Mon, 22 Apr 2002 18:55:03 +0100 To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org From: "James Moritz" Subject: Re: LF: Jason files wanted In-reply-to: <8c.172fc5e6.29f5a25e@aol.com> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: At 13:29 22/04/2002 -0400, you wrote: >Hi Stewart, > >did someone already send you some Jason samples ? > >If not, please let me know, I will announce some test signals on the LF >reflector for tuesday or wednesday in the hope that someone else is able >to record them as a wave file. > >Regards, >Wolf DL4YHF. Dear Wolf, Stewart, LF Group, I can record some .wav files of Wolf's signal if you like - at this distance there should be significant sky wave component at night. I expect there will be some noise too... Cheers, Jim Moritz 73 de M0BMU From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 26068 invoked from network); 22 Apr 2002 20:39:37 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 22 Apr 2002 20:39:37 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 16118 invoked from network); 22 Apr 2002 17:18:48 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 22 Apr 2002 17:18:48 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16zioO-0003Q7-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Mon, 22 Apr 2002 19:45:16 +0100 Received: from mrwint.cisco.com ([144.254.98.48] helo=cisco.com) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16zioN-0003Py-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 22 Apr 2002 19:45:15 +0100 Received: from virgin.net (ams-clip-vpn-dhcp89.cisco.com [10.50.0.88]) by cisco.com (8.8.8/2.6/Cisco List Logging/8.8.8) with ESMTP id SAA26769 for ; Mon, 22 Apr 2002 18:06:37 +0100 (BST) Message-ID: <3CC44316.17EC58A0@virgin.net> Date: Mon, 22 Apr 2002 18:06:30 +0100 From: "Stewart Bryant" X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.76 [en]C-CCK-MCD (Windows NT 5.0; U) X-Accept-Language: en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: Re: LF: Roundtable anyone ? References: <01C1E9DE.44C383C0.g4jnt@thersgb.net> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Andy talbot wrote: > Are there any plans for an LF Roundtable this year ? > Crawley ? In principle the Crawley club would be able to host this, although we would have to discuss it at committee before we could make a committment. The calandar is quite full over the next few weeks, but some possibilities would be: 9, 10 or 15 June, or after 14 July. I personally could not do the weekends of 14 or 21 July as I will be travelling. 15 June is the day before the new Epsom Rally, so some folks might want to who have a distance to travel might want to take in both events. Stewart G3YSX > > > Andy G4JNT From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 17020 invoked from network); 22 Apr 2002 18:24:23 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 22 Apr 2002 18:24:23 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 95 invoked from network); 22 Apr 2002 17:32:19 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 22 Apr 2002 17:32:19 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16zjAL-0003VY-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Mon, 22 Apr 2002 20:07:57 +0100 Received: from imo-d08.mx.aol.com ([205.188.157.40]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16zjAK-0003VR-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 22 Apr 2002 20:07:56 +0100 Received: from DL4YHF@aol.com by imo-d08.mx.aol.com (mail_out_v32.5.) id l.8c.172fc5e6 (4414) for ; Mon, 22 Apr 2002 13:29:03 -0400 (EDT) From: DL4YHF@aol.com Message-ID: <8c.172fc5e6.29f5a25e@aol.com> Date: Mon, 22 Apr 2002 13:29:02 EDT Subject: Re: LF: Jason files wanted To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/html; charset=windows-1252 X-Mailer: AOL 6.0 for Windows XP DE sub 50 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Content-transfer-encoding: 8bit Hi Stewart,

did someone already send you some Jason samples ?

If not, please let me know, I will announce some test signals on the LF reflector for tuesday or wednesday in the hope that someone else is able to record them as a wave file.

Regards,
Wolf  DL4YHF. From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 18345 invoked from network); 22 Apr 2002 18:23:14 -0000 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by exhibition.plus.net with SMTP; 22 Apr 2002 18:23:14 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 29565 invoked from network); 22 Apr 2002 17:31:53 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 22 Apr 2002 17:31:53 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16zj6N-0003Up-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Mon, 22 Apr 2002 20:03:51 +0100 Received: from hestia.herts.ac.uk ([147.197.200.9]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16zj6M-0003Uk-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 22 Apr 2002 20:03:50 +0100 Received: from gemini ([147.197.200.44] helo=gemini.herts.ac.uk) by hestia.herts.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.22 #1) id 16zhZS-0000k6-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 22 Apr 2002 18:25:46 +0100 Received: from [147.197.232.252] (helo=rsch-15.herts.ac.uk) by gemini.herts.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #1) id 16zhZR-0004ig-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 22 Apr 2002 18:25:45 +0100 Message-ID: <5.1.0.14.0.20020422172434.00a89200@gemini.herts.ac.uk> X-Sender: mj9ar@gemini.herts.ac.uk X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1 Date: Mon, 22 Apr 2002 18:15:53 +0100 To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org From: "James Moritz" Subject: RE: LF: Good capacitance/inductance meter... In-reply-to: References: <16z3F2-0asCcGC@fwd00.sul.t-online.com> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Dear LF Group, One needs to be slightly cautious about this type of measurement - the inductance meter measures at a frequency somewhere in the LF range which depends on the inductance being measured - in general, this frequency will not be the same as the intended operating frequency of the loop. The inductance of the loop is fairly frequency dependent due to distributed capacitance, skin and eddy current effects, so the value at the measuring frequency will not be exactly the same as at the operating frequency. This is likely to give only very small errors for moderately sized, single turn LF loops, but could be serious for multi-turn loops with high inductance and stray capacitance, very large loops, or loops for use at MF or HF. Measurement methods which resonate the inductor at the intended operating frequency would then be highly desirable, although more cumbersome. Cheers, Jim Moritz 73 de M0BMU From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 13084 invoked from network); 22 Apr 2002 15:14:54 -0000 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Received: from unknown (HELO mx.last.plus.net) (212.159.3.230) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 22 Apr 2002 15:14:54 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 19399 invoked from network); 22 Apr 2002 15:02:02 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from post.thorcom.com (212.172.148.70) by mx.last.plus.net with SMTP; 22 Apr 2002 15:02:02 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16zgym-000392-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Mon, 22 Apr 2002 17:47:52 +0100 Received: from hestia.herts.ac.uk ([147.197.200.9]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16zgyl-00038x-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 22 Apr 2002 17:47:51 +0100 Received: from gemini ([147.197.200.44] helo=gemini.herts.ac.uk) by hestia.herts.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.22 #1) id 16zfRq-0002oP-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 22 Apr 2002 16:09:46 +0100 Received: from [147.197.232.252] (helo=rsch-15.herts.ac.uk) by gemini.herts.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #1) id 16zfRq-0000yM-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 22 Apr 2002 16:09:46 +0100 Message-ID: <5.1.0.14.0.20020422154148.00a95168@gemini.herts.ac.uk> X-Sender: mj9ar@gemini.herts.ac.uk X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1 Date: Mon, 22 Apr 2002 15:52:41 +0100 To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org From: "James Moritz" Subject: LF: Rugby not QRT quite yet MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Dear LF Group, As G4CNN stated, GBR on 16kHz has been off the air quite a bit lately, but it was on intermittently during the weekend, and was running normally this morning. Unfortunately, the 73.25kHz noisy thing is back too, so 73kHz is not yet clear of QRM. Cheers, Jim Moritz 73 de M0BMU From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 24352 invoked from network); 22 Apr 2002 14:53:20 -0000 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 22 Apr 2002 14:53:20 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: (qmail 17154 invoked from network); 22 Apr 2002 12:54:55 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 22 Apr 2002 12:54:55 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16zeoD-0002my-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Mon, 22 Apr 2002 15:28:49 +0100 Received: from cs2416229-173.houston.rr.com ([24.162.29.173] helo=wia1) by post.thorcom.com with smtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16zeoB-0002mq-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 22 Apr 2002 15:28:48 +0100 From: "Ham Radio Market" To: RSGB_LF_GROUP@BLACKSHEEP.ORG Subject: LF: HAM RADIO STUFF MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1 Date: Mon, 22 Apr 2002 07:50:34 Message-ID: Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender:

  - TEN TEC TITAN II "BIGGIE" AMP REVIEWED - CLICK THROUGH

Ham Radio Market

"The wonderful amplifier reviews at Ham Radio Market are the best ever published in Amateur Radio."

Dealer or commercial ad or message posting is welcome at Ham Radio Market.

 

Click Here to make sure a Ham friend or associate knows about the great Ham Radio Market. Add the email address to our list.

If you are not a HAM or not involved in Ham Radio and wish not to receive information about the Ham Radio Market - please Click Here to be removed from future mailings.

 
 
From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 25086 invoked from network); 22 Apr 2002 13:42:09 -0000 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by exhibition.plus.net with SMTP; 22 Apr 2002 13:42:09 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 2647 invoked from network); 22 Apr 2002 13:16:46 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 22 Apr 2002 13:16:46 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16zf9Q-0002r3-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Mon, 22 Apr 2002 15:50:44 +0100 Received: from hestia.herts.ac.uk ([147.197.200.9]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16zf9P-0002qy-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 22 Apr 2002 15:50:43 +0100 Received: from gemini ([147.197.200.44] helo=gemini.herts.ac.uk) by hestia.herts.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.22 #1) id 16zdcU-00030r-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 22 Apr 2002 14:12:38 +0100 Received: from [147.197.232.252] (helo=rsch-15.herts.ac.uk) by gemini.herts.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #1) id 16zdcT-0003yv-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 22 Apr 2002 14:12:37 +0100 Message-ID: <5.1.0.14.0.20020422135748.00a95168@gemini.herts.ac.uk> X-Sender: mj9ar@gemini.herts.ac.uk X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1 Date: Mon, 22 Apr 2002 14:06:46 +0100 To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org From: "James Moritz" Subject: Re: LF: Re: Activity please In-reply-to: <000701c1e97e$cd4fe180$ba1686d4@erica> References: <5.1.0.14.0.20020419161144.009e8410@POP3.freeler.nl> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: At 22:51 21/04/2002 +0100, you wrote: >QRN levels were high but had contacts with PA3CPM, F6BWO, OH1TN, HB9ASB, >PA0SE, ON6ND, M0BMU and G3KAU. Heard G3XDV and a signal which I read as OUL >which turned out to be DF0WD. ...I also had a first LF QSO with Dave, G4NIA, who gave his QTH as Martock in Somerset. Cheers, Jim Moritz 73 de M0BMU From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 14479 invoked from network); 22 Apr 2002 13:38:46 -0000 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Received: from unknown (HELO mx.last.plus.net) (212.159.3.230) by exhibition.plus.net with SMTP; 22 Apr 2002 13:38:46 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 13414 invoked from network); 22 Apr 2002 13:25:55 -0000 Received: from post.thorcom.com (212.172.148.70) by mx.last.plus.net with SMTP; 22 Apr 2002 13:25:55 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16zfTo-0002vZ-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Mon, 22 Apr 2002 16:11:48 +0100 Received: from hestia.herts.ac.uk ([147.197.200.9]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16zfTn-0002vU-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 22 Apr 2002 16:11:47 +0100 Received: from gemini ([147.197.200.44] helo=gemini.herts.ac.uk) by hestia.herts.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.22 #1) id 16zdws-0003zB-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 22 Apr 2002 14:33:42 +0100 Received: from [147.197.232.252] (helo=rsch-15.herts.ac.uk) by gemini.herts.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #1) id 16zdws-0004c1-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 22 Apr 2002 14:33:42 +0100 Message-ID: <5.1.0.14.0.20020422142144.00a7b850@gemini.herts.ac.uk> X-Sender: mj9ar@gemini.herts.ac.uk X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1 Date: Mon, 22 Apr 2002 14:27:51 +0100 To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org From: "James Moritz" Subject: Re: LF: Roundtable anyone ? In-reply-to: <01C1E9DE.44C383C0.g4jnt@thersgb.net> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: At 09:13 22/04/2002 +0100, you wrote: >Are there any plans for an LF Roundtable this year ? >Crawley ? > >Andy G4JNT Dear LF Group, I would be interested in coming - provided it is not between about 23rd of May and the end of May, when I am tied up with other things. Cheers, Jim Moritz 73 de M0BMU From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 7294 invoked from network); 22 Apr 2002 12:49:44 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by exhibition.plus.net with SMTP; 22 Apr 2002 12:49:44 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 26722 invoked from network); 22 Apr 2002 12:05:53 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 22 Apr 2002 12:05:53 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16ze1T-0002fL-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Mon, 22 Apr 2002 14:38:27 +0100 Received: from cmailenv3.svr.pol.co.uk ([213.218.77.55]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16ze1S-0002fG-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 22 Apr 2002 14:38:26 +0100 Received: from [62.21.151.237] (helo=w8k3f0.freeler.nl) by cmailENV3.svr.pol.co.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.35 #1) id 16zcUX-00074A-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 22 Apr 2002 12:00:21 +0000 Message-ID: <5.1.0.14.0.20020422135916.00a1cec0@POP3.freeler.nl> X-Sender: FRE0000086604@POP3.freeler.nl X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1 Date: Mon, 22 Apr 2002 14:03:46 +0200 To: "LF-Group" From: "Dick Rollema" Subject: LF: Rik's info on antennas MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/html; charset=windows-1252 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Content-transfer-encoding: 8bit To All from PA0SE

The website of Rik, ON7YD, features a 27 page section on antennas and related subjects. I am really impressed by the amount of useful information that Rik has brought together. It is almost a textbook on LF-antennas.
Anyone seeking information on LF-antennas will be well advised to consult Rik's website and few questions will remain unanswered.

Well done Rik!

73, Dick, PA0SE From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 4426 invoked from network); 22 Apr 2002 10:53:01 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by exhibition.plus.net with SMTP; 22 Apr 2002 10:53:01 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 11278 invoked from network); 22 Apr 2002 10:52:45 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 22 Apr 2002 10:52:45 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16zcvG-0002Vb-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Mon, 22 Apr 2002 13:27:58 +0100 Received: from mailgate5.cinetic.de ([217.72.192.165]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16zcvF-0002VR-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 22 Apr 2002 13:27:57 +0100 Received: from web.de (fmomail02.dlan.cinetic.de [172.20.1.46]) by mailgate5.cinetic.de (8.11.2/8.11.2/SuSE Linux 8.11.0-0.4) with SMTP id g3MAnJv04081 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 22 Apr 2002 12:49:19 +0200 Date: Mon, 22 Apr 2002 12:49:19 +0200 Message-ID: <200204221049.g3MAnJv04081@mailgate5.cinetic.de> MIME-Version: 1.0 Organization: http://freemail.web.de/ From: "Hans-Albrecht Haffa" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: Re: LF: Roundtable anyone ? Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Göppingen, 22.05.2002 Dear OMs, pse inform me about ur Round Table. Hans-Albrecht DK 8 ND PS: Have You ever heard my sigs on sunday morning? 136k5, A1A rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org schrieb am 22.04.02: > Are there any plans for an LF Roundtable this year ? > Crawley ? > > Andy G4JNT > > ________________________________________________________________ Keine verlorenen Lotto-Quittungen, keine vergessenen Gewinne mehr! Beim WEB.DE Lottoservice: http://tippen2.web.de/?x=13 From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 2736 invoked from network); 22 Apr 2002 10:08:18 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by exhibition.plus.net with SMTP; 22 Apr 2002 10:08:18 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 20250 invoked from network); 22 Apr 2002 10:08:06 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 22 Apr 2002 10:08:06 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16zcDq-0002Od-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Mon, 22 Apr 2002 12:43:06 +0100 Received: from imo-r10.mx.aol.com ([152.163.225.106]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16zcDp-0002OV-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 22 Apr 2002 12:43:05 +0100 Received: from G0MRF@aol.com by imo-r10.mx.aol.com (mail_out_v32.5.) id l.1a2.117153e (4593) for ; Mon, 22 Apr 2002 06:04:23 -0400 (EDT) From: G0MRF@aol.com Message-ID: <1a2.117153e.29f53a27@aol.com> Date: Mon, 22 Apr 2002 06:04:23 EDT Subject: Re: LF: Roundtable anyone ? To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/html; charset=windows-1252 X-Mailer: AOL 6.0 for Windows UK sub 10512 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Content-transfer-encoding: 8bit In a message dated 4/22/02 9:21:01 AM GMT Daylight Time, g4jnt@thersgb.net writes:



Are there any plans for an LF Roundtable this year ?
Crawley ?

Andy  G4JNT




Sounds good

David  G0MRF From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 21562 invoked from network); 22 Apr 2002 08:24:20 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by exhibition.plus.net with SMTP; 22 Apr 2002 08:24:20 -0000 X-MSMail-Priority: High Received: (qmail 26399 invoked from network); 22 Apr 2002 08:24:08 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 22 Apr 2002 08:24:08 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16zaWn-0002Aj-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Mon, 22 Apr 2002 10:54:33 +0100 Received: from smtp-1.visp.telinco.net ([212.1.130.1]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16zaWm-0002Ae-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 22 Apr 2002 10:54:32 +0100 Received: from [212.1.153.148] (helo=standalone) by smtp-1.visp.telinco.net with smtp (Exim 3.32 #1) id 16zYjb-0001Rc-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 22 Apr 2002 08:59:39 +0100 Received: by localhost with Microsoft MAPI; Mon, 22 Apr 2002 09:15:38 +0100 Message-ID: <01C1E9DE.44C383C0.g4jnt@thersgb.net> From: "Andy talbot" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: LF: Roundtable anyone ? Date: Mon, 22 Apr 2002 09:13:58 +0100 Importance: high X-Priority: 1 X-Mailer: Microsoft Internet E-mail/MAPI - 8.0.0.4211 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Are there any plans for an LF Roundtable this year ? Crawley ? Andy G4JNT From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 14621 invoked from network); 21 Apr 2002 21:53:02 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by exhibition.plus.net with SMTP; 21 Apr 2002 21:53:02 -0000 Received: (qmail 7037 invoked from network); 21 Apr 2002 21:52:55 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 21 Apr 2002 21:52:55 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16zQio-000111-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Mon, 22 Apr 2002 00:26:18 +0100 Received: from smarthost1.mail.uk.easynet.net ([212.135.6.11]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16zQin-00010u-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 22 Apr 2002 00:26:17 +0100 Received: from tnt-13-186.easynet.co.uk ([212.134.22.186] helo=erica) by smarthost1.mail.uk.easynet.net with smtp (Exim 3.35 #1) id 16zP8B-00080P-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sun, 21 Apr 2002 22:44:25 +0100 Message-ID: <000701c1e97e$cd4fe180$ba1686d4@erica> From: "g3ldo" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org References: <5.1.0.14.0.20020419161144.009e8410@POP3.freeler.nl> Subject: LF: Re: Activity please Date: Sun, 21 Apr 2002 22:51:31 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.50.4522.1200 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: In response to Dick's request for more activity I operated on Saturday night and Sunday morning and evening. QRN levels were high but had contacts with PA3CPM, F6BWO, OH1TN, HB9ASB, PA0SE, ON6ND, M0BMU and G3KAU. Heard G3XDV and a signal which I read as OUL which turned out to be DF0WD. We have had no rain for a month and the ground is very dry, but this did not affect the antenna current when compared to damp ground conditions. Regards, Peter, G3LDO e-mail Web From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 17303 invoked from network); 21 Apr 2002 16:59:46 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 21 Apr 2002 16:59:46 -0000 Received: (qmail 1809 invoked from network); 21 Apr 2002 16:59:47 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 21 Apr 2002 16:59:47 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16zM64-0000RP-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Sun, 21 Apr 2002 19:30:00 +0100 Received: from mail.mcf.com ([165.254.158.18]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16zM62-0000RK-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sun, 21 Apr 2002 19:29:59 +0100 Received: from parissn2 (193.252.108.181) by mail.mcf.com with ESMTP (Eudora Internet Mail Server 3.1.2); Sun, 21 Apr 2002 12:51:52 -0400 Message-ID: <001b01c1e954$de18b390$0700000a@parissn2> From: "Stewart Nelson" To: lowfer@mailman.qth.net, rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: LF: Jason files wanted Date: Sun, 21 Apr 2002 18:52:04 +0200 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hi all, I am looking at possible decoding algorithms for Jason or for future M-ary FSK systems. I'd very much like to test them on real world data. Does anyone have recordings of Jason signals that they could email or post on a web site? I would be most interested in skywave or mixed paths, or where copy is incomplete. Thanks and 73, Stewart KK7KA From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 11429 invoked from network); 21 Apr 2002 05:21:44 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by exhibition.plus.net with SMTP; 21 Apr 2002 05:21:44 -0000 Received: (qmail 29090 invoked from network); 21 Apr 2002 05:21:34 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 21 Apr 2002 05:21:34 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16zBGU-0007pn-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Sun, 21 Apr 2002 07:56:02 +0100 Received: from carbon.btinternet.com ([194.73.73.92] helo=carbon) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16zBGT-0007pi-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sun, 21 Apr 2002 07:56:01 +0100 Received: from host213-1-143-201.btinternet.com ([213.1.143.201] helo=dave) by carbon with smtp (Exim 3.22 #8) id 16z9jJ-0003Lp-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sun, 21 Apr 2002 06:17:42 +0100 Message-ID: <000001c1e8f4$7bfe1d40$c98f01d5@dave> From: "Dave Sergeant" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org References: Subject: Re: LF: loop inductance Date: Sat, 20 Apr 2002 19:49:37 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.50.4522.1200 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: >From Dave G3YMC Further to the discussion on loop inductance and various related matters, a couple of weeks ago Mike Underhill G3LHZ gave a talk at our Bracknell Amateur Radio Club on loops. Some of you may remember the similar lecture he gave at the HF Convention a couple of years ago. Mike has done a lot of work with loops, mainly 1-2m diameter ones on the hf bands, and probably knows more about them than anybody. Some of his theories are also rather contoversial, but they are all based on practical results. In subsequent mails with Mike he has supplied some of the formulae he uses in his design of loops. Inductance of a circular loop L(microHenries) = pi D^1.16 / (160d)^0.16 where D is the loop diameter in metres and d is the diameter of the conductor wire in metres. This can be extended to non circular loops ie rectangular ones if D is calculated as the loop circumference (ie length of wire) divided by pi. The ^ symbol in the formula means 'raised to the power of'. This formula gives a value of 75uH for my loop (measured value 70uH). Another interesting formula he uses is: Q = 500/D as a limiting value of the Q of a loop, and where D is the diameter in metres as above. This is the value of Q if the other losses, ie series R, are negligible. This relates to a Q of 35 for my own loop (effective D 14.3m). This shows that there is a limit to how far you can improve a loop by reducing the resistance, though I feel it is rather pessimistic in my case. Even more bizarre is his formula for radiation resistance: R(looprad) ~ = LoopArea * f (MHz) / 20. When I put the figures in for my loop I got a value of 0.68 ohms, implying 50% effiency (and hence rather over 1W erp!). But in fact Mike says you have to include the earth loss resistance in calculating the efficiency with this formula - for my very lossy 300 ohms ground it brings the efficiency down to 0.22%, a rather more plausible figure. But it throws out of the window the theory that you can largely ignore earth resistance losses.... Not sure what to make of these figures, but they are food for thought and may help. Dave G3YMC dsergeant@iee.org dsergeant@btinternet.com http://www.dsergeant.btinternet.co.uk From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 22193 invoked from network); 21 Apr 2002 04:12:37 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 21 Apr 2002 04:12:37 -0000 Received: (qmail 16806 invoked from network); 21 Apr 2002 04:12:36 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 21 Apr 2002 04:12:36 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16zA3N-0007hl-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Sun, 21 Apr 2002 06:38:25 +0100 Received: from mail2.mx.voyager.net ([216.93.66.201]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16zA3M-0007hg-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sun, 21 Apr 2002 06:38:24 +0100 Received: from k6500 (d22.as3.mpls.mn.voyager.net [169.207.249.246] (may be forged)) by mail2.mx.voyager.net (8.11.6/8.10.2) with SMTP id g3L40GG44626 for ; Sun, 21 Apr 2002 00:00:17 -0400 (EDT) From: "WE0H" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: RE: LF: Good capacitance/inductance meter... Date: Sat, 20 Apr 2002 23:01:26 -0500 Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2911.0) Importance: Normal X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 In-reply-to: <16z3F2-0asCcGC@fwd00.sul.t-online.com> Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: If you leave the test leads open and push the ZERO button, it works fine for cap zeroing. Short the leads and push the ZERO button for inductor zeroing. Mike>WE0H http://www.geocities.com/we0h/lf.html -----Original Message----- From: majordom@post.thorcom.com [mailto:majordom@post.thorcom.com]On Behalf Of Hans-Joachim Brandt Sent: Saturday, April 20, 2002 5:21 PM To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: RE: LF: Good capacitance/inductance meter... Dear AADE LC Meter IIB users, I am also very fond of this nice LC Meter but I have a question: When I have pressed the button for measuring inductors and the circuit is open, the meter reads: "Not an inductor". But when I press the button for measuring capacitors and connect both test imputs, only once I remember to have seen the indication: "Not a capacitor" (or something like this). But in general, when shortcircuiting both inputs, I get an unstable pF reading; it seems that under these conditions the oscillator operates in an uncontrolled mode because it is forced to work with a rather low parallel inductance. This does not really bother me, but I guess this behaviour is not intended. Is this problem still existing or has it been cured now (perhaps by introducing another resistor or capacitor which dos not allow any oscillations under these conditions)? I have my LC Meter already in use for several years. HW? 73 Ha-Jo, DJ1ZB From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 5572 invoked from network); 20 Apr 2002 22:26:05 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 20 Apr 2002 22:26:05 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 8726 invoked from network); 20 Apr 2002 22:26:05 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 20 Apr 2002 22:26:05 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16z4mB-00076I-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Sun, 21 Apr 2002 01:00:19 +0100 Received: from mailout01.sul.t-online.com ([194.25.134.80]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16z4mA-00076D-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sun, 21 Apr 2002 01:00:18 +0100 Received: from fwd00.sul.t-online.de by mailout01.sul.t-online.com with smtp id 16z3FC-0002ky-04; Sun, 21 Apr 2002 00:22:10 +0200 Received: from 217.2.64.70 (087321565-0001@[217.2.64.70]) by fwd00.sul.t-online.com with smtp id 16z3F2-0asCcGC; Sun, 21 Apr 2002 00:22:00 +0200 MIME-Version: 1.0 Subject: RE: LF: Good capacitance/inductance meter... From: "Hans-Joachim Brandt" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Mailer: T-Online eMail 4.009 Content-Type: Text/Plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Date: 20 Apr 2002 22:21 GMT Message-ID: <16z3F2-0asCcGC@fwd00.sul.t-online.com> X-Sender: 087321565-0001@t-dialin.net Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Dear AADE LC Meter IIB users, I am also very fond of this nice LC Meter but I have a question: When I have pressed the button for measuring inductors and the circuit is open, the meter reads: "Not an inductor". But when I press the button for measuring capacitors and connect both test imputs, only once I remember to have seen the indication: "Not a capacitor" (or something like this). But in general, when shortcircuiting both inputs, I get an unstable pF reading; it seems that under these conditions the oscillator operates in an uncontrolled mode because it is forced to work with a rather low parallel inductance. This does not really bother me, but I guess this behaviour is not intended. Is this problem still existing or has it been cured now (perhaps by introducing another resistor or capacitor which dos not allow any oscillations under these conditions)? I have my LC Meter already in use for several years. HW? 73 Ha-Jo, DJ1ZB >I purchased a kit for a capacitance/inductance meter a few weeks ago from >http://www.aade.com/ and it is working excellent for building my LF station. > >It took a couple of hours to build and has no alignment needed to operate. >It uses a PIC processor for a typical 1% accuracy. It was a piece of cake to > >build and everything was there and fit, as it should. Now I can measure my >loops inductance so I can finally get on the air. > > > > >Absolutley Mike. > >That kit is probably the most useful item I've ever built. It gets used >every week and the ability to cancel out the capacitance or inductance of >the test leads prior to making the measurement is way ahead of other >instruments. > >73 > >David G0MRF > > > >********************************************************************* >This footnote confirms that this e-mail message has been scanned for >the presence of known computer viruses by the MessageLabs Virus >Control Centre. However, it is still recommended that you use >local virus scanning software to monitor for the presence of viruses. >********************************************************************* > > > From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 13218 invoked from network); 20 Apr 2002 17:37:12 -0000 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 20 Apr 2002 17:37:12 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 13300 invoked from network); 20 Apr 2002 17:37:12 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 20 Apr 2002 17:37:12 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16z09w-0006W6-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Sat, 20 Apr 2002 20:04:32 +0100 Received: from mail4.messagelabs.com ([212.125.75.12]) by post.thorcom.com with smtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16z09v-0006W1-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sat, 20 Apr 2002 20:04:31 +0100 X-VirusChecked: Checked Received: (qmail 15397 invoked from network); 20 Apr 2002 17:26:25 -0000 Received: from merimac.us.gases.boc.com (HELO merimac) (204.149.80.4) by server-22.tower-4.messagelabs.com with SMTP; 20 Apr 2002 17:26:25 -0000 Received: by EXC_WIL04 with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) id ; Sat, 20 Apr 2002 13:33:37 -0400 Message-ID: From: "Ashlock,William" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: RE: LF: Good capacitance/inductance meter... Date: Sat, 20 Apr 2002 13:16:56 -0400 MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: A couple of addition things I think are worth-while to mention about this meter: The cost in the US is $99 + shipping and the readout is 4 digits (in contrast to the 3 on my LRC meter). Additionally, the instrument is auto-ranging which my $150 unit does not have - a particular advantage in the ease of use - and considering my rang switch is showing signs of wear after three years of frequent use. Bill A I purchased a kit for a capacitance/inductance meter a few weeks ago from http://www.aade.com/ and it is working excellent for building my LF station. It took a couple of hours to build and has no alignment needed to operate. It uses a PIC processor for a typical 1% accuracy. It was a piece of cake to build and everything was there and fit, as it should. Now I can measure my loops inductance so I can finally get on the air. Absolutley Mike. That kit is probably the most useful item I've ever built. It gets used every week and the ability to cancel out the capacitance or inductance of the test leads prior to making the measurement is way ahead of other instruments. 73 David G0MRF ********************************************************************* This footnote confirms that this e-mail message has been scanned for the presence of known computer viruses by the MessageLabs Virus Control Centre. However, it is still recommended that you use local virus scanning software to monitor for the presence of viruses. ********************************************************************* From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 21324 invoked from network); 20 Apr 2002 17:23:46 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by exhibition.plus.net with SMTP; 20 Apr 2002 17:23:46 -0000 Received: (qmail 3290 invoked from network); 20 Apr 2002 17:23:38 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 20 Apr 2002 17:23:38 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16yzyt-0006TU-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Sat, 20 Apr 2002 19:53:07 +0100 Received: from mta3-svc.virgin.net ([62.253.164.43]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16yzys-0006TP-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sat, 20 Apr 2002 19:53:06 +0100 Received: from l8p8y6 ([62.252.233.113]) by mta3-svc.virgin.net (InterMail vM.4.01.03.27 201-229-121-127-20010626) with SMTP id <20020420171445.DDII270.mta3-svc.virgin.net@l8p8y6> for ; Sat, 20 Apr 2002 18:14:45 +0100 Message-ID: <000801c1e886$750afa80$71e9fc3e@l8p8y6> From: "hamilton mal" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org References: Subject: LF: Re: Good capacitance/inductance meter... Date: Sat, 20 Apr 2002 17:13:51 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.50.4807.1700 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: ----- Original Message ----- From: "WE0H" To: "Post Rsgb_Lf_Group" ; "SHMRG Reflector" ; Sent: Saturday, April 20, 2002 4:46 AM Subject: LF: Good capacitance/inductance meter... > I purchased a kit for a capacitance/inductance meter a few weeks ago from > http://www.aade.com/ and it is working excellent for building my LF station. > It took a couple of hours to build and has no alignment needed to operate. > It uses a PIC processor for a typical 1% accuracy. It was a piece of cake to > build and everything was there and fit, as it should. Now I can measure my > loops inductance so I can finally get on the air. I am glad Mike you have taken my advice and got a meter that measures the Inductance, the other approaches are guesswork because of environment, like trees and other objects around the antenna, calculations do not take these into account. 73 de Mal/G3KEV > 73's, > Mike>WE0H > http://www.geocities.com/we0h/lf.html > > > From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 9066 invoked from network); 20 Apr 2002 11:08:35 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 20 Apr 2002 11:08:35 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 24035 invoked from network); 20 Apr 2002 11:08:37 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 20 Apr 2002 11:08:37 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16yu9E-0005v5-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Sat, 20 Apr 2002 13:39:24 +0100 Received: from imo-m10.mx.aol.com ([64.12.136.165]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16yu9D-0005uz-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sat, 20 Apr 2002 13:39:23 +0100 Received: from G0MRF@aol.com by imo-m10.mx.aol.com (mail_out_v32.5.) id l.9f.26056c00 (3860) for ; Sat, 20 Apr 2002 07:00:53 -0400 (EDT) From: G0MRF@aol.com Message-ID: <9f.26056c00.29f2a465@aol.com> Date: Sat, 20 Apr 2002 07:00:53 EDT Subject: Re: LF: Good capacitance/inductance meter... To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/html; charset=windows-1252 X-Mailer: AOL 6.0 for Windows UK sub 10512 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Content-transfer-encoding: 8bit In a message dated 4/20/02 4:49:03 AM GMT Daylight Time, we0h@core.com writes:


I purchased a kit for a capacitance/inductance meter a few weeks ago from
http://www.aade.com/ and it is working excellent for building my LF station.
It took a couple of hours to build and has no alignment needed to operate.
It uses a PIC processor for a typical 1% accuracy. It was a piece of cake to
build and everything was there and fit, as it should. Now I can measure my
loops inductance so I can finally get on the air.


Absolutley Mike.

That kit is probably the most useful item I've ever built. It gets used every week and the ability to cancel out the capacitance or inductance of the test leads prior to making the measurement is way ahead of other instruments.

73

David  G0MRF From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 26969 invoked from network); 20 Apr 2002 08:01:30 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 20 Apr 2002 08:01:30 -0000 Received: (qmail 9046 invoked from network); 20 Apr 2002 08:01:28 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 20 Apr 2002 08:01:28 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16yrIP-0005e8-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Sat, 20 Apr 2002 10:36:41 +0100 Received: from rhenium.btinternet.com ([194.73.73.93]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16yrIO-0005e3-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sat, 20 Apr 2002 10:36:40 +0100 Received: from host213-1-91-185.in-addr.btopenworld.com ([213.1.91.185] helo=dave) by rhenium.btinternet.com with smtp (Exim 3.22 #8) id 16yplS-0002e4-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sat, 20 Apr 2002 08:58:35 +0100 Message-ID: <001e01c1e841$c88ebb00$b95b01d5@dave> From: "Dave Sergeant" To: "rsgb_lf_group" References: <5.1.0.14.0.20020419161144.009e8410@POP3.freeler.nl> Subject: LF: Re: Activity please Date: Sat, 20 Apr 2002 09:02:20 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.50.4522.1200 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: PA0SE wrote: >I'm sure some of the amateurs who heard my talk will make an effort to pick up signals >coming weekend. So it would be nice if there are indeed some normal morse signals to >be heard. Since there is a major solar storm in progress at the moment (A index of over 40) hf is dead, so I decided to put out a CQ on 136 and had a nice QSO with Mike G3XDV. I will be on during the weekend when I can, but of course don't expect my signals will be much use for those in PA land! WE0H wrote: >I purchased a kit for a capacitance/inductance meter a few weeks ago from >http://www.aade.com/ and it is working excellent for building my LF station. An excellent piece of kit, regarded as the number one L/C meter by many - there is a link to their website from mine. 73s Dave G3YMC dsergeant@iee.org dsergeant@btinternet.com http://www.dsergeant.btinternet.co.uk From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 25341 invoked from network); 20 Apr 2002 06:43:30 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by exhibition.plus.net with SMTP; 20 Apr 2002 06:43:30 -0000 Received: (qmail 18006 invoked from network); 20 Apr 2002 06:43:21 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 20 Apr 2002 06:43:21 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16yq4h-0005W5-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Sat, 20 Apr 2002 09:18:27 +0100 Received: from mail3.mx.voyager.net ([216.93.66.202]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16yq4g-0005W0-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sat, 20 Apr 2002 09:18:26 +0100 Received: from k6500 (d4.as3.mpls.mn.voyager.net [169.207.249.228] (may be forged)) by mail3.mx.voyager.net (8.11.6/8.10.2) with SMTP id g3K6eKH23272; Sat, 20 Apr 2002 02:40:20 -0400 (EDT) From: "WE0H" To: "Post Rsgb_Lf_Group" , lowfer@mailman.qth.net, "SHMRG Reflector" Subject: LF: Northern Lights are blazing in Minnesota... Date: Sat, 20 Apr 2002 01:41:23 -0500 Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2911.0) Importance: Normal X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: I am seeing what looks like the brightest show in many years. It even can be seen at 45 degrees south of overhead. Mike>WE0H http://www.geocities.com/we0h/lf.html From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 18281 invoked from network); 20 Apr 2002 05:53:32 -0000 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 20 Apr 2002 05:53:32 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 6887 invoked from network); 20 Apr 2002 05:53:34 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 20 Apr 2002 05:53:34 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16yp96-0005P1-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Sat, 20 Apr 2002 08:18:56 +0100 Received: from astral.infomsk.ru ([212.164.44.2] helo=astral.omskcity.com) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16yp94-0005Ow-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sat, 20 Apr 2002 08:18:55 +0100 Received: from fitec.omskcity.com (mu01.dialup2.infomsk.ru [212.164.44.113]) by astral.omskcity.com (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id MAA3cc0fe9623a0 for ; Sat, 20 Apr 2002 12:37:26 +0700 (OSS) Date: Sat, 20 Apr 2002 13:17:09 +0000 (GMT) From: "Alexander S. Yurkov" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: Re: LF: loop inductance In-reply-to: <3.0.1.16.20020402140550.30cf29da@pb623250.kuleuven.be> Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII; format=flowed Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hi, Rik and Group. On Tue, 2 Apr 2002, Rik Strobbe wrote: > So far I haven' found any formula for rectangular loops, unfortunately this > is the most common shape for big transmitting loops. I have derived the formula for rectangular loop. It is: L = 0,2*{ 12,6*(a+b) + 4*c + a*ln[ ( a^2*(c-a) ) / ( d^2*(c+a) ) ] + b*ln[ ( b^2*(c-b) ) / ( d^2*(c+b) ) ] } where a,b - rectangular dimensions in meters, d - wire diameter in millimeters, c = SQRT(a^2 + b^2) - rectengular diagonal, SQRT denote square root, L - loop inductance in microhenry, ln - natural logoritm. The formula seems to be adequate for ANY dimensions of rectangular while a,b >> d (here a,b,d are in the same dimensions). I do NOT test the formula by comparision to experimental data. I derived it very atantionly but deriviations was too long! So mistake may be ;-( But if a=b the formula changes to formula you send before... This is litle test. Please test my formula by comparision to experiment! And use it then. If formula is adequate or not to experiment let me know... 73 de RA9MB/Alex http://www.qsl.net/ra9mb From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 19808 invoked from network); 20 Apr 2002 03:49:09 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 20 Apr 2002 03:49:09 -0000 Received: (qmail 393 invoked from network); 20 Apr 2002 03:49:08 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 20 Apr 2002 03:49:08 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16ynLK-0005Cf-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Sat, 20 Apr 2002 06:23:26 +0100 Received: from mail5.mx.voyager.net ([216.93.66.204]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16ynLI-0005Ca-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sat, 20 Apr 2002 06:23:24 +0100 Received: from k6500 (d19.as3.mpls.mn.voyager.net [169.207.249.243] (may be forged)) by mail5.mx.voyager.net (8.11.6/8.10.2) with SMTP id g3K3q1R26983; Fri, 19 Apr 2002 23:52:02 -0400 (EDT) From: "WE0H" To: "Post Rsgb_Lf_Group" , "SHMRG Reflector" , lowfer@mailman.qth.net Subject: LF: Good capacitance/inductance meter... Date: Fri, 19 Apr 2002 22:46:19 -0500 Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2911.0) Importance: Normal X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: I purchased a kit for a capacitance/inductance meter a few weeks ago from http://www.aade.com/ and it is working excellent for building my LF station. It took a couple of hours to build and has no alignment needed to operate. It uses a PIC processor for a typical 1% accuracy. It was a piece of cake to build and everything was there and fit, as it should. Now I can measure my loops inductance so I can finally get on the air. 73's, Mike>WE0H http://www.geocities.com/we0h/lf.html From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 5134 invoked from network); 19 Apr 2002 18:07:47 -0000 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by exhibition.plus.net with SMTP; 19 Apr 2002 18:07:47 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 11598 invoked from network); 19 Apr 2002 18:07:43 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 19 Apr 2002 18:07:43 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16yeFm-00049k-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Fri, 19 Apr 2002 20:41:06 +0100 Received: from hestia.herts.ac.uk ([147.197.200.9]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16yeFl-00049f-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Fri, 19 Apr 2002 20:41:05 +0100 Received: from gemini ([147.197.200.44] helo=gemini.herts.ac.uk) by hestia.herts.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.22 #1) id 16yciq-0004tJ-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Fri, 19 Apr 2002 19:03:00 +0100 Received: from [147.197.232.252] (helo=rsch-15.herts.ac.uk) by gemini.herts.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #1) id 16ycip-0006Bv-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Fri, 19 Apr 2002 19:03:00 +0100 Message-ID: <5.1.0.14.0.20020419185451.00ae93d8@gemini.herts.ac.uk> X-Sender: mj9ar@gemini.herts.ac.uk X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1 Date: Fri, 19 Apr 2002 18:57:17 +0100 To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org From: "James Moritz" Subject: Re: LF: GPS Locked source In-reply-to: <002a01c1b722$6af819a0$d29c01d4@g4jnt> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: At 19:44 16/02/2002 +0000, you wrote: >I've made a few mods to the GPS locked source after finally calculating the >PLL parameters rather than relying on guesswork, sorry should read >experimental determination, so the residual phase jitter is now improved. > >In usual 'JNT style I didn't keep details of who was sent the constructional >info, so if you want an update can you contact me directly please. > >Andy G4JNT Dear Andy, I can't remember if I asked you before for the details of you GPS locked source, but if I did I've lost them as usual... please could you send them to me? Cheers, Jim Moritz 73 de M0BMU From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 21627 invoked from network); 19 Apr 2002 14:31:31 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 19 Apr 2002 14:31:31 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 26332 invoked from network); 19 Apr 2002 14:31:30 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 19 Apr 2002 14:31:30 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16yaiH-0003kf-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Fri, 19 Apr 2002 16:54:17 +0100 Received: from cmailenv3.svr.pol.co.uk ([213.218.77.55]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16yaiF-0003ka-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Fri, 19 Apr 2002 16:54:15 +0100 Received: from [62.21.143.229] (helo=w8k3f0.freeler.nl) by cmailENV3.svr.pol.co.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.35 #1) id 16yZBG-0001fA-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Fri, 19 Apr 2002 14:16:06 +0000 Message-ID: <5.1.0.14.0.20020419161144.009e8410@POP3.freeler.nl> X-Sender: FRE0000086604@POP3.freeler.nl X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1 Date: Fri, 19 Apr 2002 16:21:31 +0200 To: "LF-Group" From: "Dick Rollema" Subject: LF: Activity please MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/html; charset=windows-1252 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Content-transfer-encoding: 8bit To All from PA0SE

Last Monday I delivered my talk on LF  for radio clubs  for the 8th time (number 9 will be on June 3).
I'm sure some of the amateurs who heard my talk will make an effort to pick up signals coming weekend. So it would be nice if there are indeed some normal morse signals to be heard.
Saturday I attend a meeting for home constructors but Sunday I hope to be present  myself on the 136 kHz band.

73, Dick, PA0SE
JO22GD From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 9277 invoked from network); 18 Apr 2002 16:44:14 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 18 Apr 2002 16:44:14 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 3656 invoked from network); 18 Apr 2002 16:44:12 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 18 Apr 2002 16:44:12 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16yGU1-0001eH-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Thu, 18 Apr 2002 19:18:13 +0100 Received: from [204.202.140.199] (helo=webmailmta.go.com) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16yGTz-0001eC-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Thu, 18 Apr 2002 19:18:11 +0100 Received: from gomailjtp05 ([10.212.0.165]) by mta07.seamail.go.com (Sun Internet Mail Server sims.4.0.2001.07.26.11.50.p9) with ESMTP id <0GUR00JLDVIFBA@mta07.seamail.go.com> for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Thu, 18 Apr 2002 09:37:27 -0700 (PDT) Date: Thu, 18 Apr 2002 09:38:29 -0700 (PDT) From: "John Sexton" Subject: Re: LF: Re: New QTH anyone? To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Message-ID: <4475860.1019147909194.JavaMail.computernetworks@gomailjtp05> MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Mailer: GoMail 3.0.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hi Graeme, I forgot to add, GBR is normally on continuously. John, G4CNN -----Original Message----- From: "Graeme Zimmer" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Date: Wed Apr 17 06:12:07 PDT 2002 Subject: LF: Re: New QTH anyone? >Hi,> >> BT Looking to 'Redevelop' its Rugby Radio Site > >Can anyone tell me if the 16Khz TX is currently transmitting please? > >I'm trying to hear (see) it in Australia, but no luck yet. > >Also, I assume it only transmits for 5 minutes every six hours, is that >correct ? > >Thanks ............... Zim > > > ___________________________________________________ GO.com Mail Get Your Free, Private E-mail at http://mail.go.com From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 4098 invoked from network); 18 Apr 2002 12:54:44 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by exhibition.plus.net with SMTP; 18 Apr 2002 12:54:44 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 26005 invoked from network); 18 Apr 2002 12:54:35 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 18 Apr 2002 12:54:35 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16yCoG-0001Cy-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Thu, 18 Apr 2002 15:22:52 +0100 Received: from hestia.herts.ac.uk ([147.197.200.9]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16yCoE-0001Ct-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Thu, 18 Apr 2002 15:22:50 +0100 Received: from gemini ([147.197.200.44] helo=gemini.herts.ac.uk) by hestia.herts.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.22 #1) id 16yBHJ-0005yq-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Thu, 18 Apr 2002 13:44:45 +0100 Received: from [147.197.232.252] (helo=rsch-15.herts.ac.uk) by gemini.herts.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #1) id 16yBHH-0003jl-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Thu, 18 Apr 2002 13:44:43 +0100 Message-ID: <5.1.0.14.0.20020418125321.00a93bd0@gemini.herts.ac.uk> X-Sender: mj9ar@gemini.herts.ac.uk X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1 Date: Thu, 18 Apr 2002 13:39:00 +0100 To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org From: "James Moritz" Subject: RE: LF: Phase meter for propagation experiment In-reply-to: <5.1.0.14.0.20020416115856.00aa6008@gemini.herts.ac.uk> References: <01C1E536.029E0670.g4jnt@thersgb.net> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="------------070708030209020000030905" Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: This is a multi-part message in MIME format. --------------070708030209020000030905 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=windows-1252; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Dear LF Group, To try to get an idea of the order of magnitude of ionospheric effects and RX drift on LF signals, I recorded about 30 hours worth of the spectrum of DCF77 at high resolution - see the attachment. The trace is from about 2300 Tuesday until 0800z today, each graduation is 2 hours, and the total frequency span is about 0.04Hz. The FFT resolution is 0.7 millihertz, and the frequency stays within +/- 1 FFT bin, ie. within 1 part in 10e8 of the mean value. 0.0007Hz is 0.004 radians per second, which at 77.5kHz would correspond to about 2.5m/s, or 9km/hour change in path length. Each FFT requires about 25 minutes worth of data, so if the path length was changing by a few 10s of km/hour for half an hour or more, one would expect the resultant frequency shift to be clearly visible. However, there are no clear signs of such a large shift. The signal is quite "fuzzy" during the hours of darkness, suggesting to me that small phase changes are occuring over a shorter period of time. I'm not sure about the glitches in the trace - perhaps noise of some sort in the system. The receiver AGC is switched on, keeping the signal level into the sound card virtually constant - the signal level during the night varied over a range of at least 10dB, showing some sky wave must have been present. I can send a bigger image of the plot if anyone would like it. Cheers, Jim Moritz 73 de M0BMU --------------070708030209020000030905 Content-Type: image/jpeg; name="dcf77a.jpg" Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Disposition: inline; filename="dcf77a.jpg" /9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wBDAAgGBgcGBQgHBwcJCQgKDBQNDAsLDBkSEw8UHRof Hh0aHBwgJC4nICIsIxwcKDcpLDAxNDQ0Hyc5PTgyPC4zNDL/2wBDAQkJCQwLDBgNDRgyIRwh MjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjL/wAAR CACVAaEDASIAAhEBAxEB/8QAHAAAAgIDAQEAAAAAAAAAAAAABAUAAwECBwYI/8QAUhAAAQID BAcGAwMJAwkGBwAAAQIDAAQRBRIzNBMhMTJRYmMGFCIjQVIHJHFhgbEVNkJydZGhs8E1gqIW FyVDRGWSsuFTc8LS0/BVdJOUw9Hy/8QAGgEAAgMBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAECAwQFBv/EAEAR AAEDAgMEBwQGCQUBAAAAAAEAAhEDBBIhMQVBUXETImGBobHBMjOR0QYUQmKywhUjUnKCktLh 8CQ0NaLxJf/aAAwDAQACEQMRAD8A4EfT7YZSJSZC1bvctUqmved/Gawepx5NJC5XpB9nZC1s llU5nfHnNYPU48mkjTigEcUkABU0G2JWn1iI3hGPXbDmGyhMbZoJ5GqSystTuWHgo29T3896 BG0p0LiteqkE21n28jlZbJYeCjb1Pfz3oEQfId+6L7Rwx5jc7yKi5HSJSbPtWncqiVTmd/Ga wepx5NJCyGNn5C1sllU5nfHnNYPU48mkhdGZzi4yVJZG3bSD7az7eRystktzBRt6nv570Lxt 20hhbWfbyOVlslh4KNvU9/PeiKEGgpCFXqwbZ+QtbJZVOZ38ZrB6nHk0kLxsMMLOyFrZLKpz O/jNYPU48mkibnktA4IhL/SLAoJokViqLGwVPJAi2g52IBupgJFH27RNqJA7lQS0vk9zBRt5 /fz3oBHiQ4oegEHW9/agyWXl8nuYKNvU9/PegJvBd+g/GLqYmu5m7reRS3Si7PyFrZLKpzO/ jNYPU48mkhdDGz8ha2Syqczv4zWD1OPJpIXRhUlmuz0+2D7Z1T7eRystksPBRt6nv570Lxt2 0hhbWfbyOVlslh4KNvU9/PehzmhL4Y2dkLWyWVTmd8ec1g9TjyaSF0MbOyFrZLKpzO+POawe px5NJCQl0ZCqCmyMRBt20hgkaITC2s+3kcrLZLDwUbep7+e9AANBB9tZ9vI5WWyWHgo29T38 96F8AJGiEys40kLWyRpKp1TO/jNYPPx5NJC31rDGzsha2Syqczv4zWD1OPJpIXQSYhCtf1PV r6D8ILtrPt5HKy2Sw8FG3qe/nvQLMY22mofhBVtZ9vI5WWyWHgo29T3896NF4IuHgcSk3QIJ tV0K+kH2eSqQtUfJGkqnM4mM1g9TjyaSF6dioYWYT3K1QO5H5Qapjfxm8HqceS/EQ5xDWTl/ dCXVMZVVKtvpGsWu6nB9BCa2abncI9Ub0ZbOq0G8jlZbJbmCjb1Pfz3oXE1MMLaz7eRystks PBRt6nv570L4qkxCaZWeo/k+1R8jQSqT8zv4zWD1OPJpIXV1wws7IWtksqnM7485rB6nHk0k LhBiJ1QrHD4wNmoQZbWfbyOVlslh4KNvU9/PegNwUWNfoIMtrPt5HKy2Sw8FG3qe/nvRbXnp XSkNEADQ1hhZ5rI2tksqnM7485rB6nHk0kLoY2dkLWyWVTmd8ec1g9TjyaSKpMQml4NI6X8H m25nthPNPNocacsxaVoWkFKgVtggj1Eczjp3wYFO2s3+zVfzG4jdE/UK3d6q23981dg/yU7O f/ALK/8As2//ANQFbdh2NZ/Zi23ZWzZSTKrOmELdlpVCV3Sg12UrsrSvpHpIT9rPzNtz9nzH 8tUeNpPcXtE7wu5UAwFfNk3MWTJSK2LImbQmXJlCm5lc0yGEhF5taAlKHFXjVCq3iRrFACAQ kMQ7YnpHrAIXn1PSINsT0iDbDQoNsYjI2xiBCkSJEgQr9HeoLw2esG2en5C1RWRyqczvjzms Hn48mkgFZNEmp1j+sG2efkLWyWqVTmd/Gawepx5NJG1zqf7Pio5oNtoqUKKTWJoTU0UNUaIU UrCuBiBagokEisWtfb4Bibv4pQUytlqs62b0hlZfJHwYKNvU9/PegZDQDDmsa6D6RbbWfRks rL5LcwUbep7+e9A7Ve7Pa+EaLF9EvIwfZdv+6UnSjLPbJkbVF6QNZVOZ3x5zeDz8eS/ACWCQ TeTq+2DbOJ7ha1DJapVOZ3x5zWDz8eTSQuCiBqO2MralCeszxUiCrdDU1SoAfbtg+2GSqfb8 UgPlZfJnwYKNvP7+e9CsEj1IhhbRPf28llZbJbmCjb1Pfz3ofS0MiWeKUHihjL3UnxJpTbWD JBFJK1RekD8qnMb485rB5+PJfhcFHRrFT6QdZ+QtbJapVOZ3x5zWD1OPJpIlXqUCAWMjvPEo APFCCXURWoixtvRPVUoUpTV9sD6RVN4xYyurwvEkUJjRbVLbpWBjYMjMnJJwMI+22T+UEH5E VlpfJ7mCjbz+/nvQK2yUsugkawIJt1xRtMKBktctLn5LcwUbef3896A2lKUw8Sa6hFls626d wa0nJ34SkQYRtntHuNqisiflU5jfHnN4PPx5L8Ad2XStRBtnrV3G1fFJ6pVOZ3x5zWD1OPJp IX6Vz3mMjH2YnE0/FSIctlMqSo6xqMH2yyvv7eqSysvkh5eCjbz+/nvQAt1ZXW8Rqg62XXBP N+KTystkj4MFG3qe/nvQPNoKhABhHWhA6Bf/ALEH2eyvuNrCkmflU5geMec1g8/Hk0kL9M57 zDCznnO42t45M0lU5k+PGawefjyaSBxszoHeHzR1ku0S/af3Ri4oHYR90bpfWDrJP3xnTm8V a/3wsFoRk4g8kdZGWylXfm/DJZWWyWHgo29T3896F900JoYa2u/cnkC5ImsrLn5M+DBRt5/f z3oXmYBFLgA+sMUrXDPSZ8j8kS7gi7PSe4WtqksqnVM4mM1g9TjyaSF91XtMM5B29I2qbsjq lU6pnfxm8Hn48mkgAPE0F3+MQFO3k9fLdkiSo8CXagHYPwgy2UKM+3RMnlZbJDy8FG3qe/nv RRNKuPgDV4QSRBVrvFM42KSVe6y2uSPgwUbef3896NN3SoNuntqPOp3JNJw5JcElKF1FDSGV kEJlLVUoydO6DMb+M3g8/HkvwvK9Igk6in+MG2cR+TLXSe5V7sg/Mb+M3g8/HkvxUXNpVGuY ZAEie/8A8T1GaW0i6YFHR6ah+EU11Ui6YUdKKqO6PwiFPD9Wfzb6oOoRVtCk+3ksrLZLcwUb ep7+e9C6hEMLZr39vJZWWyW5go29T3896ACSYyZKSYWdkLWyWVTmd/Gawepx5NJC8A8DDCz/ AOz7WyWVTmd/Gawepx5NJC8KI2Q24ZzQrHQb41Eah+EGW0k9+RqksrLZLDwUbep7+e9Ar6zp Brp4RBVsqUJ5vXJZWWyWHgo29T3896NV22mK7hnqotmEAUkCsH2cD3C1skflU5nfxmsHqceT SQvKiRQmGFnE9wtbXJapVOZ38ZrB6nHk0kZnYJyUkvpHT/g0Kdtpr9mq/mNxzCpptjp3wZF3 ttNfs1X8xuI3X/HVo7PVW2/v2ru0J+1Yr2OtwVA/0fMbf+7VDiFXactp7J2yXkKW0JF8rSld 1Sk3DUAkGhp60P0jxFKekbHELu1PYPJfLM5ZVoSDEvMTkjMy7Mym+w480pCXU6jVJIooaxrH EcYE9INn59c2otpK0SjaiWGCU0bF1Kam6EgqKUIClUBUU1OuAvSPXiYzXnlPSINsT0iDbDQo NsYjI2xiBCkSJEgQrV7qNf6P9YOs/IWtksqnM7+M1g9TjyaSAnN1H6v9TBtn5C1sllU5nfHn NYPU48mkjQ/XuHkkl6doieu2IkVNIg2wbkJhbYpPt5LKy2Sw8FG3n9/PegZoHurx+kE23X8o IqJIfKy+Sw8FG3n9/PeiqWu9xmuNBT98brBv65w+678JUXaK2z8ha2Syqczv4zWD1OPJpIXQ xs/IWtkj8qnM7+M1g9TjyaSF8c8KSwNu2kMLaz7eRystksPBRt6nv570Lxt20hhbWfbyOVls lh4KNvU9/PegQgkjy1n6QdZ+QtbJZVOZ38ZrB6nHk0kBt4Lv0H4wZZ+QtbJZVOZ3x5zWD1OP JpIvqthjDxHqUhvS6LmEgvgHZSsUwSyD3qg201fui6xYHVmyJ6wSdoirfFLV/wBiy8vk9zBR t6nv570CMJJlnyBsAJ/fBnaD+1tkmPl5fJ7mCjbz+/nvRpIoCrNtBXqlCf8AmEX2wAvHjsf5 FMDEFLOyFrZLKpzO+POawepx5NJC6GNn5C1skflUn5nfHnNYPU48mkhdHLTWyqhWvVB1tZ9v I5WWyWHgo29T3896A3dTu2myDLaz7eRystksPBRt6nv570W1m4ajm8CkNEvhjZ2QtbJZVOZ3 x5zWD1OPJpIXQxs7IWtksqnM7485rB6nHk0kVJpdEG3bSJEG3bSBCYW1n28jlZbJYeCjb1Pf z3oAGwwfbWfbyOVlslh4KNvU9/PegFOxUNokoR9n5C1sllU5nfxmsHqceTSQuhjZ+QtbJZVO Z3x5zWD1OPJpIXCENUImcBTMUJ13RF9tZ9vI5WWyWHgo29T3896NbUTcm0+nlIP+ERtbWfby OVlslh4KNvU9/PejdtL/AHlTmk0QIQjQq279B+MHWcK2ba5+SNJVOY3x5zeDz8eS/ATOE9T2 /wBYNs2pkLVSO5H5VOZ38ZvB5+PJpITmjBSgag+ZS3lLIvmdTwNf0RFEETWp4a/0RBSH+kqn tb+ZB9oIi2s+3kcrLZLcwUbep7+e9C+GFtZ9vI5WWyWHgo29T3896F8YlJMbOyFrZLKp1TO/ jNYPU48mkhdDGzsha2SyqczvjzmsHqceTSQuglCvmNTifTwiCbaz7eRystksPBRt6nv570Dz Wp1OunhEEW1n28jlZbJYeCjb1Pfz3o134i6eO1Rb7IQAFRDCzsha2Syqczv4zWD1OPJpIXjY YYWfkLWyWVTmd8ec1g9TjyaSMxGQUkujqPwcFO20z+zFfzG45f6R1P4Qpu9uZkf7rJ/xtxK4 H/zLg/u+qtoe/Yu4wn7W/mbbv7PmP5aocQt7QNabs3ajXd3pjSSjqNCwaOOVQRdSaHxHYNR1 nYY8LSMVG8wu7U9gr5LO0xPSGfaSzmrI7UWtZrClrZlJx5htSyCopQspBNABWg4Qs9I9eDIl eeU9Ig2xPSINsNCg2xiMjbGIEKRIkSBCuc3Wv1f6mDbOyFrZLKpzO+POawepx5NJFMyhKZaT I2raJP8AxqH9IIs9PyNqg9yyyR8zvjzmsHqceTSRrcxzjlwHkkckuQaKBPGNtGqgVQgHZG+h o9cGuoqIb2dZ6n5d1TgILZQlIFKeI0jpWmzX1SWVMgCc+3LVJoLzDMyq7cbAnkFfc691lwO5 7ldCjbz+/nvRQwyEWdO123UU/fDHtLJusWilLyJVBLLF0Sm4RokCp59Xj570ZRIql7KtVt0V dQlo6yDSp4x1DRa1zqgblGR5gjxU6VJ5eWEQRM9wJ9Ers/IWtkj8qnM7+M1g9TjyaSBA0Sze JA+sG2ckmStUfI5VOZ3x5zWD1OPJpItbsxxyxkzWu6lZSrWNWsU1fWOLYWvSudI3ZZxnko4X O9kTGfclGw8IPtrPt5HKy2Sw8FG3qe/nvQG9qfVTVrg22ad/byOVlslh4KNvU9/PejFUZgqF nBAzCEbHy733QXZ+QtbJZVOZ3x5zWD1OPJpIGZFZV4/T8YKs+n5Ptahkj8qnM7+M1g9TjyaS NNy2KVI/d/M5RGpS2DJcEzuo08Na8NUBjbDWz0qTawuISohJNFioOr1jTspp6Rrxuc31QRiO Hisdof7W/wBiy8vk9zBRt5/fz3o3s1F6xbVVTYhA/wAUbdqWw1b7rY7lRLLA+Tw8JG3n9/Pe jayfzftn9Vv8TFbHxdvP73jIWm3py/CeDvBpQtn5C1sllU5nfHnNYPU48mkhdDGQyNrZI/Kp zO+POawepx5NJC8UrrjnRnCoVj+p7bTUPwgu2s+3kcrLZLDwUbep7+e9A0yKPnX6DX90E21n 28jlZbJYeCjb1Pfz3o0XrcNy8dp80m6BL4Y2dkLWyWVTmd8ec1g9TjyaSF3pDGzsha2Syqcz v4zWD1OPJpIzJpdEG3bSJEG2BCYW1n28jlZbJYeCjb1Pfz3oDbSVJXQbBBttZ9vJZWWyWHgo 28/v570CsKutOmldQjTaMa+rDtIPkSk7IIqz8ha2SyqczvjzmsHqceTSQvEMLPNZC1sllU6p nfxmsHqceTSQvTtEZxqmmNtC7Po2jyW/+URrbWfbyOVlslh4KNvU9/PegrtIjQ2pcIpRpun2 USBAttZ9vI5WWyWHgo29T3896Nd+Qbhzgdc1bXZgqubwJQ7Aqy9+rDKyFJTY9sV7oVd3SRp9 /FbwufXr5L8ByLOklZxdSA22Fav1gP6w2sVtCuztr3hJ3y2i73geOgcRXRH37K8l+OpaMLhR wa4XfiPzVBYcyea85Btpt6KaQk6vLQdX2gH+sBnbDK3UKbtBsK1HQN/8ojm0jFrVHa31VmCW 4uHqq7az7eRystksPBRt6nv570AU1GD7azzeRystktzBRt6nv570BhJWFFI2ARlp0y8wNVEl HWcCqz7WoJI0lU5jfHnNYPU48mkhdDSyKmUtRPyVO6pqJjfxm8HqceTSQr9YbqcUw/jI+EfN Kc0ZaSNHNIBFPLSf3isb21n28jlZbJYeCjb1Pfz3ostxJTPNelWGjX+6I0trPN6pHKy2S3MF G3qe/nvRo2iZu3niVNzMBLeCASKpV9gg+z8ha2Syqczv4zWD1OPJpICQCULpw/rBtn5C1sll U5nfxmsHqceTSRnqNhjTx+ZUEvjrfwsTd7fzAAp/ogH/ABNRySOxfDVNO3tQNtiD+Y3ELh0b Ort5eq2WrJOLgR6rsUJ+1n5m25+z5j+WqHELe0Cijs3aiw4y2Uyjpvvt6RtPgOtSbqryRtIo aj0OyPD0veNjiF16nsFfJZ2xPSGnaMyJt6YXZz7T8usIcK2Wy23pFIBcCElKSlAWVBIoNQEK /SPXgyJXnlPSINsT0iDbDQoNsYjI2xiBCkSJEgQmk22Uy9m11gsn+YuD5BCjK2kfkxpJdPhm R5mt5uhZ5/8AwX466v4RyjjbA0yyuXo2UlYKTVRUf0OYQx/zZybEvMMN6BaVMABx1ILiVJKC Ck3dRN0g/ZXjHSobZsKDS0FxzH2SNP7KQbQeZfWaO+VxdqySZmVUlRLy3ihSQipSAaE0+6PX MyIDo0i/CvxK9Lyk3aKGvinZ/CPYL+H5/J5nELaTMoQpSBWibx9N2tKlX8I3Y7GurlUeagva VaACrw0Aqn9HiKH6wr36SNqUyaILZJkRv4+AzXbsLrY9q7C6u0zEco9TK5R2tlhMT0s63MSr xVLtJWuV1pqlCak0O9Q+LmrDFci6uyJ58NLCu7MLcF07RUa+GwR0Kf8Ahi0m0bPclXGQndWk ak0DaUggBG8QkFRO1RUfWPUTHY+VXIO2ddQhuYQGluNgaS6nYa02muuK7r6QUqQpm2aTJbiO kAEbvjHdxWBt/Z0y9z6gJdllnEiJJ/iXzXZ6VKl7U0iJTKJzA8Y85vW1z8eS/HqpGXlT2ek2 Xims25oySqmpKiofxNI6V/mskWpSeWgMFxSQ21paG6kOJVUG5W8Qmh+xSh6xP83UuxalmMNO IWxLXXiHKVJvUV+jSl019NcTftmza0dEXE4pMiJgGAe8jsyUbStaW7nOqVWmRA74nwkL5/n5 VUtOOIANwE3VUpUeh+h1fvi+2W1Gea1SQrKS5+THgwUbef3896O+Wx8KbPta0FvkplkAAIbl 7qE0H2XD6Ugd/wCD9mzM9eW4lpltttKBLlKSopQlJK/BtN2pPqVE+sZBtCxqnG8uYTmRhJg8 MtVjc6jqyo2O0wVw+z5YOWLaThreSGwkUPqqKrPSruFq6pKndU5nfHnNYPU48mkjup+E9myz HdWX3qTWpxRWmouiopRHEfjFKfg5IsSUyht1K3HmQ2S+Uko8aVVQQjUrw0rwKh6xZU2jY1AG F7hhyHUOmp5ZypOfQLW4XtmM8xrJ9IXAUoN7Xqj01mya2e0xQFaMoYvlRG7VI1kffHtHvhMG 3bomE3gf+01H/BDuX7AKT2idmw62pT0uUBK1G6VFAIqLuyoFfsrFjtoW9tQfhfP2vh85PwU7 S5sWVmufWbIcMgZ4+sLkna9Cv8pHyUyoq0yr5XUihaQRXnP6XNegmwJVT3Zy3jQ+BpKzq2Uq Y6D2h+GgtC3ZiaTMMIbUlCUpZVdFEoCdYu72qp+2sF2P2CFndnLcktKlT04htDaiqt3Wa67u raIy17hgYKrHiSW5b8yJ+A1UWbTsadw95qtjrb88wR6rj9npIkLVqJKhlRTvO/jNYPU48mkg BKDXWI6az8LbTYYnm0v2WoTDQbSXysqQA4hVWzc1K8NP1VKgYfCC21UKJ2QP1cX/AOSLndCz M1WxzXOG0rU6PC8Rakstif0ZSoKuIJFNYJAMZtlJM82aSOUlye5YeCjb1Pfz346Tb3wktyet Zb7E5Z6WyhOpbjldlPRESa+DVvT76XRMWK1Rlpu7LrcSk3G0pvEaPeN2quKioxVV2naXNV1X pWgHPMxqtlSpRbUdTpukAwuTFJG0QxkEqTIWqCJLKpzO/jNYPU48mkjoyvgZblE3Z6zq08VX l7a/93wpF0v8Frel5acb7xYzhmGQ3edU4VN0WldUHR6leGn6qlD1iAurI6XDP5giZMQuRFKh Wo2bYyEKrsNRHRpn4QWzLJKlzcgQBXU4v/yQhtLsZOWeHFLfYIQi/qUrWKV4baRopmhWOGjW a48AZWhttXcC4MMBJrZBM6g0ksrLZLcwUbep7+e/A7LaixMGm6BX7NcGW4ytE22smRoZaXFJ Lc1Mo28/v570W2YyDYtrPEmqW0D96v8ApGm2ijW/W5ZHxBA81VTZ0pwt7T8BPoh5BKkyFrAi Syqczv4zWD1OPJpIASkg6/TbDaxJVc23aUuhUiFrlUgGa3x5zZ8nn48mkjdVgvMLQpS21VUo UBOu6acIVtaVKzpaNEYCW4tyL7XSxFsJKQQSwlR/jCy22VpnW6pkx8rLZMURgo29T3896Pfd tey77naJKWXWgluWaqVH1ofshQ/2TmrRt+VZU7ZyC5LtUEqSEUQ0gGurfOoq5r0SofVq9qyu XgEgE56CAZPct15Qq1bh1Sm2WuMg8UhsyWX+R7TUK10QqkDmr+AMOOxkkomdLzbWgXJqurdR rJ0iAQ2T+nSv929DuxOyzy7MtdanUUS2ltQCtqipSeGytI9D2L7MBqxLR724lUs3pLpBvOhI uq8FRQHV+4mJX+1bOyx9E+cENy1zAPetVvaNb0VWvkGjPniyHeCFxNTag5s9dWrbD7tc2U2u 0BrJZSBT127I9e72HVLdo32nywotpceCUmqCkCoGtPAH+EW9uuyaha8qoONpS40lrUaUVW6D s938KesUurWnTNoUqoIeC6eUEfHP4KkWzmUHsMYiRA4gTJ8ZXO7ZT841qkgTKy9O5jwHyUbe p7+e9FUs2W0rN4VrdH2/SPXWj2TedtRtt5cii5Ltk9zqE3UIQDWo3zqKua9BT/YaY7qwtt5h K1oFPEaE19fDyq/cmN9pX2fa1ulfWb2Z8QQfh4rJ+jrt7ZDF5ay2iZG06dzywN6YHioHm8Hn 48l+FLjJS4Ug3vFQEDb9I6jZ/wAO51MvOJcdkCFMhDqlFVU+NKiWjd1K1JGv9ErHqIre+Etq PJdcampNOhVrvuKrTXTYjhSIV7/Y76YYLhoIjfkeKrNncMGIt/z/AArxvaxgM2nLobrQMJA9 dlR/SF1sis82ayI+Vl8lh4KNvU9/PfjqXaH4dTVoTco6JiWTpmEpb8ZGsChr4dlSn7qxpP8A wWtuacbcRMWM0sMtIUGVrSjwpCa0ubxuhSj6qKj6xx/r9lWaKrrhgJ3EwtO0GFtdz2jqkmFy iWbKm3T6XK1odUE2cKyFq65HKJPzO+POawefjyaSOlSnwbtaWl5pD03IFbrd1uji6A7ddUfY I1s74OW4iUtBhT9juOPIShCnFOEtgLSoqSbmpXhAr7VKHrF1W/sXU6bBXbkDOeWs69652NgI 6wk7lydKa0GoV/hHYeySnJLtpOuS7bhcZsBxTaEtFxSiHEkAIBBVWlAKiuyogMfAu3gc9ZtP ++c/9OOh2P2QmLM7W/lgusaAWYmUuBRv6S8lRNLtKajrrX7I5l5tC1FM0mVWuxA6GdIgd+cL o2dVgY5hMElsd0z5o2y7VtN2ZaROydGSw2dM00uhcUEa6KF66VKWLpAKA1eXqWKVWi5PWlYH aSVnZMSbKZd5pp5SgAQUrG1SgDqCF3qhI0l0mqFGPR8fthT2ocWz2Stp1pam3ESD6krSaFJD aiCD6GPPU3g1G5bx5rovacJzXy3adnqs60X5VSioIX4FlN3SIOtKx9ikkEGpFCNcCFNK6xqh q72htKdlnJa0Zl20EFrRtGbcU4ZfxIUS3U+Em4En7CRA9pCzlTyjZfeEShQgpRNLCnEqui+C pIAICr1DQVFNQMeqk71wUFTwjWPpEu6q3hHo5bse7aTM0bFtSTtaZlmw6qVkmZkuqRfSiqQp pINCsetaVPpHnDqVtrAHA6IUp4qVH1jFPtET1iVhoWbvMmJGsSBC7q/8ZFsNMzKLPBDyCooD 41kkprUt/o3PvvQxsn4qKmJKbUtpi+0psp0jt1S7y0+FPg1q8VPolRjhkyv5ezQSboZNf/qr hlZsw4zK2mEuSl1tptdJgm+SHm6Frn1n+4XI6VvsPZtxTPVcCCPtO358dIVoqsY4B1NpH7o9 F2g/Ex9U+0UyoUg7zWkoaJBCtd31VQfd9sEH4iumZI7ldacQEjzN1STX2/pVA+y79scXlLUW bZYSSal1VaE7qvTbsG36x6aXng8+UhIvNJSlZ9LyqXafx/d6xVffRe2pN/V4jGRhx1z7eS71 jR2bdzNMAzAy3CD857F7Jv4rPS76mDKy84462FNql5jw4SVAbm8am8P0VAiMSvxAd/JE0+uW 0K0SzSkOaQKoTUbLtNUcu7WPrkrTlG20SjTqJZpSlSQupKigA/3tWvmrGzMw67Zdpt6QhKUN IpeNBTbT90XVPozs2tSa9gM4mfadoSJ3xmsDG0OmfSfTbIBOg1a0n0z4710qV+LqlLU4ZeWK GZVC3EOPXStRWlBCPBveIK1egV9RYx8UCWEpmZULbnXVhpelpQUCQigRrrrNdUcXkSpEvaYU 5KG7KAnvB8eM3g8/Hkvx6eUMv/k7Jzz6VnuqlEJSAQbyqA0PCIVNibNcIwuHWw+04xIMb+MZ quxbSuHPa+m3IToNxE+Er1q/jKuUYQwmSDjjSlIWQ8BeIOpW5664ttP4xPy4bYRLS5cS204X GXgoLvoCrp8GpQqEq5q8I4nMLJmFkqVt1mu2DLbWozzeuSysufkj4MFG3qe/nvRlqbO2dSeW Ckcj+075rGasnEGN/lHyXYLM+L0y5IWlNOyt/RBBQnSAU21GpHrGJP41OuicdVJS6UstBejd mglS/GlNEeXrV4q09oUfSOR2fMXLGtJo1qtKKfcf+sV2eT3C1tcllU5nfxmsHqceTSQ6mzLK m0PNM9bP2n5bsutxBU6r2FrcLWzGfVGsnsyyhdlb+O6HHUNmxLgUoAq73WlfWmjho18T27Tt h+xX5DRtBsqU/pyaggGl0IHqabfSPndKiCDU7Y9VIWnTtQ7NUICpfxADXqSCafeIpfsS2uKL nUmkbvaecyDGrt0HLRSsqNs+o1lUZlzc+zOfRdVtr4yNWFartmt2S0+hlKLrjU3RJBQFUpo9 RFaEehBgizfiqLYsa07VTZ2hVZaUqDWnvaUKOsVuC7s4GOJ9sVKV2nmStyVWdGyL0qfBhI28 /u5r0GdnJtTHZq327yglxpIIB27aRnrbMtwwMaw4gWycT+InLFGYnluUWWNGpcOpfZGLwk+i 6ax8cdMzNuCypdvQNBy65PAKcqtKaIGj1q8Vae0KPpAn+fty+KWJq/8Amh/6ccls/XIWtkj8 qnM4mM1g9TjyaSAE7wi36jakgYCP4n/Nc82zCu4Wn8bJiy59cqqyy8UgK0neAmtRXZc+6L1/ GO68G3DLpJabcqy7pE+JAVSoRvCtFcFAiOMW3Md6tIunUShFfrdFYxbJIn26GSHystktzBRt 6nv570aHWFC2rOpuExlqfmirZWpecAOGcus7TdmDK7SfjC1QEuf+/wDggyS+Lsq43MLUtk6J sLoty6T4gmifBrPirTgCY+e76iN4/vhjZzi+4WtRcnlUn5g+PGawepx5NJEjQszlhPxTbaWr TIp/9n/1L6Al/i7YTmqYXox9Fq/BEGOfEXsY6lJmZ6i9Ru6J712bE/bHzIHnB+mr98bOTLri ql1ewDadlIqOzrAicdQdnV/pRVtqDxHRgfE+ZK+lZr4k9i5ZxIVOsmqEEFsOqFCkEawnbr1j aDUHWDEa+JPZN1h91iYvstAF5QQ6AkE6ju6/uj52tpSjPNAmToJWXoJI+Xgo29T3896N7Nmi 1Zdps1IDraf4H/rGdmxKFxUws55hu4Sd3wVdOwpYus6BnoBwy3b9CvomW+IXYueDraZxk0SC QtLoUaqSPCCkVOsahrpU7AY0Hb3sILvzmpWzyn+NPb9kfO9mOLbk7VWhcmlaZVJBfNHB5zWC f+048mkgNMw5VIK1UH2xKjsu1Jwue4csP9KgdnW5EuaCeMD5L6hme1HZyzpoy1pP6OaJQmmj cOpYqkeEEbB/DXGjnbTsew8gy040t9SAW9Ghwg+EKpWlK0Vr9Qag6wY4h21tB12323VOuCks 0T4jrIqAdu2FFsTb7FoMFL0un5eXKe5KIQKsoBrzkUv896NFpsKg60ZVq1XNJGYGGB/1mJV1 XZdrb1uiczEWnMnUr6Mb7Tdn3El+Xfo0ipfVcc2Vodo9wSNUFSU/LWil52yVt3EAJKlBVUqr 6XhtoU/dWPnyyLQd/JFrVmXsGoF87daq7eNPvAj0vYy3ZqVsSbWidIcNQdK6bxJUimj17wFD 9L8Y9o/Ris0PbQqY4IABAzBHYBvyXQo7DsK7WCnLHOBIMjKDHDvELqJ7Y9nWnlJ0tJhpamSm jlEoQu6o1u01azSN5jtL2fknR+U50rcvJLPlObFAEDwj8Y+d5jtC+u1XVoUbqnlqIJPiClXi Dr9fX6wd2wtOZRabKC85gIUKLOoio1a/si9+wKTarJuDhg4shk7LLSIk6qH6M2c6g9+D2SO+ dD4H4rvLnbXsnVM0JttVGwu80lxQAKQfRO0BWsbQag6xFSfiP2bJd+Yo2jWlRbc8Qode7xSs f3ftEfPNr2jMImWkIelkgyrBIkVENkFlGoj3+8e+9A6Zl52pS8u7S7QqOzX/AOZX7zxjoUPo 1bV3wyu46ZQ3T+XcsnQWTRPRZnt3r6QY+IdivlxLTrfgSbyV30nUpIITVGs1UnVwJPoYXu/F KymnZdF0hLiilypV4CNv6GukcPsucfMraa0TDCFCVrV5RDhOmbwj7zqryBcKpifdW4PMUfHe qT6nbFr/AKN2lJnSOrOjdpn4blMMs4jos+Z+a+lJzt7YlkhSCbqEthaNSzX09pp+j/xfYYQ2 h8XJWXUltBZCi22u824VJF5IVQ+DaAaEehqPSOQ9rp58WiwlLzl0yyNRUdlTtH3D9whRbjq1 T6Kqk9crLn5I+DBRt6nv570c2js62oMAqOc53cB4CfFX3VlaUajqLacgZTLgeeRC7NLfGIvy 77mhI0SLxF8atdPZ9P3xizvjP3+XnVussynd0BSdK8FKdqtKaIFzbrrThXhHEpR5SGJpAJot uh1/bX+kX2co9wtahksqk0mN/Gawepx5NJGqtZ2jWsq4T1pOpygxx7FhFnbwAGnLXrOz8V2o fGBmgo4Pv/8A4j18t2jZnbfRZbY1qkhNkcPEE8Pp6x8rhatXiP747f2MmFTHxJUVKJpYl0VJ 2BxEcraNtS6PHSBgB0+Eeq6VlYW2dVrYLSI6zjrPEnSF1OE/a38zbd/Z8x/LVDiAbZlO/wBh 2hJ3FL08s43cQu4VVSRQG6qn1ofoY8vSMVGntC7VT2Cvk2Xl1zMw2y2WwtxQSkuOBCQSaa1K ICR9pIA9TDFiy5KXnZqXtq0O7JZbCkqkgib0iiU0SkpcCdiia3tV0jbqgq1LXnbMU5Ysi+9K MS7SpSYDRWz3hV4lwuJNCaqJSLyQbiUAiojz1TTbtj10l2mQXnkdPJs9p9KbOmpqYYKdapmX S0oK9QEhaxSlNdfujS1JtqetR+YYlkSrClUaYRSjaBqSmoAvEAAFR1qNSdZMCekT1hxvQoNs YjI2xiGhSJEiQIRcw7fYlUa/LbKf8aj/AFgqz1nuFra5LVKpPzO/jNYPU48mkgBzdb/V/qYN s/IWtksqnM7+M1g9TjyaSNTnOaYadw8ktdVRLTC0zaXK+LZWHFn2iqXk5oFVx2jakLpWpSrh /wC9keeSopUFDaItS8sV16rtI7FltPo2FlUkySePx7xKGudTdiZkc/EQnfaSaeetBtx5yVcV oGDeldzCSdfPr8XPejMuK2BatDeN1qv/ABbYEtpwLm0AmSPyrBrJ7h8lG3n9/PejMg6pNh2o KnxBsazzRpdcse51NokEZdkDP+ynQc7pC9xzh3iCqbPJMjax+S1SqT8ziYzWD1OPJpIvROBn s+thI8b7t5Z4JGz+MD2fkLWyWVTmd8ec1g9TjyaSBL5DCdfqRHIsqwZjxcPHJRDnN9lVqVVZ OzXB1tZ9vI5WWyWHgo29T3896APXbB9tZ9vI5WWyWHgo29T3896MRJJkpIdk0lnhxp+ME2fk LWyWVTmd/Gawepx5NJAbZ8h0fT8YMs/IWtksqnM7485rB6nHk0karl00qQ4N/M5IalLxthxZ jujtlKwu5RCvHSt3w7aQmg+UWE2jVRVdukG7tpT0jZspwxBp0Lm+TkYi1wcNyK7VOB3tA84O 5kLaZUDJ7mtpG3n9/PejeyTTs9bP0b/EwP2g/tX/AGPLy+T3MFG3n9/PeiyzHLth2sn3IbP+ L/rFDWB109vPwzWm2qRUxneHeLSqLPyFrZLKpzO+POawepx5NJC8Qws/IWtksqnM7485rB6n Hk0kLo56zq+ZPnk19B+EE21n28jlZbJYeCjb1Pfz3oEfPnVr6D8ILtrPt5HKy2Sw8FG3qe/n vRqvXYrmoe0+aTdAl8MbOyFrZLKpzO+POawepx5NJC6GNnZC1sllU5nfHnNYPU48mkjKml0Q bdtIkQbdtIEJhbWfbyOVlslh4KNvU9/PegVlVGXh9ggq2s+3kcrLZLDwUbep7+e9AjdNG5X1 H9Y1WbsNWRwd+EpO0Rln5C1sllU5nfHnNYPU48mkgBO8PrB9n65C1sllU5nfxmsHqceTSQvB 1iM7TBBTKe9rHSu2qFRoltIH2ev9YCtrPt5LKy2Sw8FG3qe/nvRvbqyu0UqJqSy2a7f0RFdt Z9vI5WWyWHgo29T3896LrpmCsWcFou346738SURZbyU2TabZR4y0KKr6XhUQ9sen+b+0z8uC FDW7vb6MPm/8N+PKyi7ktNCp8SANX1j0llPqHYO120qltiSQ7v4jeHz1/wAIXHTph5FB7ToJ PIOj0VlvWEPadzXD45+q8mVEqJOs1hv2lfL9qoXrA0KKDgCK/wBYT+sMbacC5xojUAw2K/3R GBgxUKjzxHj/AOKlr4pObxI8J+a1tonvzY+Rp3WXyWHgo29T3896B5ZYShd7YBURfbWfbyOV lslh4KNvU9/PegKooofZEbS4dRqCoN0+SzuEiE0stwmStRNZK6JZJpM7+M3g8/Hk0kKa+KsM rMIElaxJktUqMzvjzm8HqceTSQtiNSq57G4jmD8kwE47Rul20WlawNA3T91f6wNbWfbyOVls lh4KNvU9/PeiWq4VzTZJ2NIGr7AIltZ9vI5WWyWHgo29T3896LNoNwXL28FbVqdI8v4lCNKu oc+1MGWfkLWyWVTmd8ec1g9TjyaSAEGgV9og+zsha2SPyqczv4zWD1OPJpIpqPljG8J8yqhq l8dk+HDmk7fkk1P5E/8AyIMca9I678LlFXb96vpY4A/4mopuGzs+ueAC3Wj4GHiR6rtEJ+1v 5m27+zpj+WqHEJ+1v5m27+z5j+WqPE0feN5hdWp7BXyiYnpEO2J6R7BeeU9Ig2xPSINsCFBt jEZG2MQIUiRIkCFc5uo/V/qYNs8f6PtXJZVOZ38ZrB6nHk0kArNUo/V/qYOs/IWtkj8qnM74 85rB6nHk0kaXHyCSCZRpHUpOwxABeWK0AEYbrpE04xr67YtDmNpA4c5PkEt6Y2wCZ9GRysvX uW5go29T3896KmVqTZ8wgfp0r9BFltZ9vJZWWyWHgo29T3896B2j8o8K8I07OLRUIP7LvwlJ 07kRZ+QtbJZVOZ38ZrB6nHk0kAJ1i7B9n5C1skflU5nfxmsHqceTSQujA10GVJZG9tpB9tZ9 vI5WWyW5go29T3896F42wwtrPt5HKy2Sw8FG3qe/nvQskIJB8tY4gQdZ+QtbJZVOZ38ZrB6n Hk0kAJ3FfdB9n5C1sllU5nfxmsHqceTSRZUJLWjs9SkEvgphy7OpWk7BqgSLpUgTCbxIHqRG nZ9TDXY37w8EnDJHdoP7W/2LLy+T3MFG3n9/PeiuTcuWdPo96E/8wiztB/a3+xZeXye5go28 /v570Cy6qSkyOKR+MaLfO8qfx+RRJAkK+z9cha2SyqdUzvjzmsHqceTSQuhjZ+QtbJH5VOZ3 8ZrB6nHk0kLo5KkrHsU6+EGW1n28jlZbJYeCjb1Pfz3oBUqq61pB1tZ9vI5WWyWHgo29T389 6Lazg6q5w3lIaJfDGzsha2SyqczvjzmsHqceTSQuhjZ2QtbJZVOZ3x5zWD1OPJpIqTS6M7Dt jEQbdtIaEwtrPt5HKy2Sw8FG3qe/nvQAD4SIPtrPt5HKy2Sw8FG3qe/nvQANhhtMFCY2cR3C 1tUkaSqdUzv4zWD1OPJpIXDbDCzsha2Syqczv4zWD1OPJpIXQpQmFrqCp1JB/wBU2Kj9URLa z7eRystksPBRt6nv570UThrMVqd0RfbWfbyOVlslh4KNvU9/PejbtIReVB2oBxZlDy4Gher7 Yb2PNBFhWtLkyQqyhfzB8Zo6geVz69fJfhOyaNPfqwfZnhs21a9yoZZOY38ZvB5+PJfjZRql jaJbrhd+IqEkTCVnegu0jWZSa/6tP4QGTUkmCJs1eTrOpI1xkpx9Urc2/mT+0ERbH9oN17jl ZbJYeCjbz+/nvQAq7VVNnpB1tZ9vI5WWyWHgo29T3896F8Yg6BEKSY2fkLWyWVTmd8ec1g9T jyaSF4hhZ2QtbJZVOZ3x5zWD1OPJpIXRFCLnlXn0nkSKxbbWfbyOVlslh4KNvU9/PegaZPmp 1/oCCbaz7eRystksPBRt6nv570bdombuoe1RZ7IQA2H6Qws7IWtksqnM7+M1g9TjyaSFwNIY 2dkLWyWVTmd8ec1g9TjyaSMZOQUkvEdY+E7qXe3kwpOwWTT9y2hHJ9kdR+Dv57zP7MV/Mbid f/jLj+H1Vtu4is0dq7nCbtcadjLcP+73/wCWqHIhP2s/M23D/u+Y/lqjwtL3jeYXdqewV8y2 pJSMrI2euXnA7NutlU0wmigyakpooajVBSSNqTUGh1BX6RCTr1mJ6R7DcvPKekQbYnpEG2BC g2xiMjbGIEKRIkSBCuXsT9P6wbZ4+QtbJZVOZ38ZrB6nHk0kCLdJp66ttIYSD6jZ1qJ+R8Mq nVMDx4zeDz8eS/HQcyiSesd25RzSxA8YjFCFU2GLmX1BxNQKRhMwoLKjq+6LRStzTbLzrw5J SZ0RVtA9/bFJKvdZbJbmCjb1Pfz3oGQhSZd2o20gy2nVG0W1fI17tLn5PcwUbef3896BEuqV LuV9CDFlm2gHu6xmHRl90pOmETZ6T+T7W1SRHdU5nfHnNYPU48mkhfSqdnrthtZ8ys2fag+R 8MqnMDx4zeDz69fJpIWJeKUkUGs1ijo7cHJ5jknJWpSUru+og+2kK7+34ZIVlZfJbmCjbz+/ nvQEh9SFFQpUwxtqZX31sfI5WXPye5rZRt5/fz3oGstSCXOI7kHEliQbqhSD7PB7jaw+Syqd Uzv4zWD1OPJpIETMKSKgCv0g6QeUqStY/I6pZJpMb+M3g8/Hk0kN7bbA2HmeSBMpXSNmyULC h6RcmaoihGv6Rs06CAg1FNdQIuo21Evbgq58t+5IkxmFfbpraST8lrlpc/JbmCjbz+/nvQKz gPD7BBtsOlNpIPyJHdpc/JbmCjb1Pfz3ooD4cZcNN2hi6yZSdUdUNTrQ7KNeqUnTEQt7PyFr D5LKpzO/jNYPU48mkhfDSzXfk7VJ7lQSqTSY38ZvB5+PJpIEXNApokEH6RipUKDmlzqkEbo1 8VIk8EP61g+2c83kcrLZLDwUbep7+e9ApeTdoK19TDC1HUNzzd4SeVl8jh4KNvU9/PegbQou qBpqAA74RJjRKYYWfkLWyWVTmd/Gawepx5NJA630EmgVDGzn2zZ9qA911SqTSY38ZvB5+PJf iz6rQkjpQjEeCSxBt4ReFtE6wqn3RsAwrXVY18REGWYf7LwjF2K+2s+3kcrLZLDwUbep7+e9 AAhpa6WlWggfJj5WXyWHgo29T3896BVsspbJSqp+oiVLZ9So0vaRA7UF4Cus7IWtksqnM748 5rB6nHk0kLobWYloyVqhRlMsnMb+M3g8/HkvwvcS0k+G8fvir6q7B0mIRzRizhbTWP8AcIIt rPt5HKy2Sw8FG3qe/nvRRMKQXP0gaCkH2oGUzzaj3PKy+SpcwUbef3896Nd1QFe9eA4ASdUm mGhLWsJ79X+sMLMWkWXawPcie7J1TG/jN4PPx5L8CAtXHQm9rTXXBFmJK5K1kjuVe7JzO+PO bwepx5NJA/FR6NrCHGCPiSjWZS2Lpo+cDs1CNRo6Her6RbMBAWCSb10bPpFbKRFrUzGrfzIn MK62s+3kcrLZLDwUbep7+e9C+GVr0/KDd4SVO6y2R3MFG3qe/nvQErRA+G999IxNpy3FIUpR ln5C1sllU5nfxmsHqceTSQuhpZ+i/J9rU7pXuqczv4zWDz8eTSQtTdr4q0+yA0wCBIzTlWTB 8xOunhH4QVbQ+fbyOVlslh4KNvU9/PegR1V5y9sFNUMbXW2mcbFJOvdZbJYeCjbz+/nvRprB lW5eS6BKiMglMMbOyFrZLKpzO+POawepx5NJAQUmq61oRqg2zsha2SPyqdUzv4zWD1OPJpIy uaABBUkujqPwcNe28z9lmK/mNxzMqbuUAVWOmfBwhXbKaArUWar1p/rG4su2Nbs6uMX7PqrL f37V3SE/a38zbc/Z8x/LVDc6zCrtMy9MdlrXZl21uuuSL6ENoBKlqKFAAAbSSRHhKMCo0zvC 7lQnAV8olJpWNTHtZq1lfkeZs/tJbkzayZmVam5MMvqmNA8ULuhSlOANkFQSsXV6iQKEAx4o x61riRmuAp6RBtiekQbYaFBtjEZG2MQIUiRIkCFYr9H6RfLzXd5abb0DDveWg1ecRVTVFpXe QfRXhu19qlD1iRIvKSobxE/WMAeKlYkSJn3Y5n0RvV87Nd8mEu93YYutNtXGEXUm4hKLxHuV dvKPqok+sat5d37okSLrP3h/dd+EpO0W8vNd2lptrQMO95aDV5xFVNUWld5B9FeG7X2qUPWB okSMqaynWRrpF87Nd8mEu6Bhi6021cYRdSbiEovEe5V28o+qiT6xIkCEPBMvNd3lppvQMO95 aDV5xFVNUWld5B9FeG7X2qUPWJEgQhotZF5wCvofwiRI0WomuwHiEnaKyfme9zQc0DDN1ttq 6wi6k3EBF4j3Ku3lH1USfWNGsu99BEiRZaCKxA4O/CUjot5ea7vLTbegYd7y0GrziKqaotK7 yD6K8N2vtUoesDRIkY1JZTrUNdIvnZrvkwl3QMMXWm2rjCLqTcQlF4j3Ku3lH1USfWJEgQh4 Jl5ru8tNN6Bh3vLQavOIqpqi0rvIPorwXa+1Sh6xIkCENGQKkCJEgQr52a75MJd0DDF1ptq4 wi6k3EJReI9yrt5R9VEn1geJEgQiZea7vLTbegYd7y0GrziKqaotK7yD6K8N2vtUoesDekSJ AhXPVLtK+g/CN52a75MJd0DDF1ptq4wi6k3EJReI9yrt5R9VEn1iRI0Xfv38yk3RUJ3VQRKz hlWJpsMsud5aDV5xFVNUWld5B9FeG7XgpQ9YkSK3EgNI/wAzTQsXPVLo1+g/CJEi1nuH82+q W9bTs33yYS7oGGLrTbVxhF1JuISi8R7lXbyj6qJPrA8SJGYJomXmu7y003oGHe8tBq84iqmq LSu8g+ivBdr7VKHrA0SJAhbqHjABpqEWzs13yYS73dhi6021cYRdSbiEovEe5V28o+qiT6xI kW1veFIaIeCZea7vLTTegYd7y0GrziKqaotK7yD6K8N2vtUoesSJFSaGjp3wY/Pab/Zqv5jc SJCuf9hW7vVW2/vmru8J+1v5m27+z5j+WqJEjxVH3jeYXdf7BXyidpiekSJHsF55T0iDbEiQ IUG2MRIkCFIkSJAhf//Z --------------070708030209020000030905-- From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 16019 invoked from network); 18 Apr 2002 11:40:53 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by exhibition.plus.net with SMTP; 18 Apr 2002 11:40:53 -0000 Received: (qmail 18122 invoked from network); 18 Apr 2002 11:40:48 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 18 Apr 2002 11:40:48 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16yBcB-00013T-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Thu, 18 Apr 2002 14:06:19 +0100 Received: from tungsten.btinternet.com ([194.73.73.81]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16yBcA-00013O-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Thu, 18 Apr 2002 14:06:18 +0100 Received: from host62-7-24-16.in-addr.btopenworld.com ([62.7.24.16] helo=dave) by tungsten.btinternet.com with smtp (Exim 3.22 #8) id 16yA5F-0004f4-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Thu, 18 Apr 2002 12:28:13 +0100 Message-ID: <001801c1e6cc$b80d97e0$1018073e@dave> From: "Dave Sergeant" To: "rsgb_lf_group" References: <000301c1e5f8$b9044740$7646073e@default> Subject: LF: Re: Spectacular opening to VE on 136 Date: Thu, 18 Apr 2002 12:31:39 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.50.4522.1200 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Alan Melia wrote: >Hi all, last night showed the best levels of the season from CFH, which was >running just carrier for the whole of the night. (for Tuesday night) I assume this agrees with the theory Alan has previously made that a peak on 136 precedes the start of a solar storm. There appears to be a complete wipe out on the HF bands this morning (Thursday) so I guess we are in the middle of the solar storm. Sorry I wasn't listening on 136 on Tuesday night and there was no sign of CFH when I checked last night. Dave G3YMC dsergeant@iee.org dsergeant@btinternet.com http://www.dsergeant.btinternet.co.uk From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 27585 invoked from network); 18 Apr 2002 11:17:49 -0000 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 18 Apr 2002 11:17:49 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 9689 invoked from network); 18 Apr 2002 11:07:23 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 18 Apr 2002 11:07:23 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16yBCN-0000y4-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Thu, 18 Apr 2002 13:39:39 +0100 Received: from hestia.herts.ac.uk ([147.197.200.9]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16yBCM-0000xz-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Thu, 18 Apr 2002 13:39:38 +0100 Received: from gemini ([147.197.200.44] helo=gemini.herts.ac.uk) by hestia.herts.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.22 #1) id 16y9fP-000352-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Thu, 18 Apr 2002 12:01:31 +0100 Received: from [147.197.232.252] (helo=rsch-15.herts.ac.uk) by gemini.herts.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #1) id 16y9fP-0007aB-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Thu, 18 Apr 2002 12:01:31 +0100 Message-ID: <5.1.0.14.0.20020418111240.00a7a9e8@gemini.herts.ac.uk> X-Sender: mj9ar@gemini.herts.ac.uk X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1 Date: Thu, 18 Apr 2002 11:44:44 +0100 To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org From: "James Moritz" Subject: Re: LF: Re: New QTH anyone? In-reply-to: <009a01c1e611$7d716320$d3368a90@newlaptop> References: <000901c1e62e$d88d2f60$9c6168d5@oemcomputer> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: At 23:12 17/04/2002 +1000, you wrote: >Also, I assume it only transmits for 5 minutes every six hours, is that >correct ? > >Thanks ............... Zim Dear Zim, LF group, Nomally it transmits continuously 24 hours a day. The signal is MSK and has a bandwidth of about 100Hz, actually centered on 15.98kHz. According to the MSF web pages, MSF on 60kHz has been shut down intermittently recently for running repairs - I think the MSF antenna is slung from some of the GBR antenna masts, so the same cause might be responsible for GBR being shut down lately. I don't know if GBR is on today - I'll have to check later. The "other" VLF site apart from Rugby is at Criggion in Wales - if you are passing by, it is worth going to see. The road passes between the 6 masts and underneath the VLF antenna, one side of which is anchored to a nearby cliff. According to the sign on the gate, this is also operated by BT. Perhaps VLF operations will shift there - I expect the land is worth less. The 3rd VLF site in the UK I know of is at Anthorn on the banks of the Solway Firth, as Dave mentioned - but this is usually referred to as being a NATO station; I don't know what the difference is. If you look on an Ordanance Survey map of the area, you can see the distinctive star-shaped pattern of masts. Cheers, Jim Moritz 73 de M0BMU From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 13432 invoked from network); 18 Apr 2002 11:05:25 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 18 Apr 2002 11:05:25 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 16419 invoked from network); 18 Apr 2002 10:47:47 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 18 Apr 2002 10:47:47 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16yAq6-0000uK-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Thu, 18 Apr 2002 13:16:38 +0100 Received: from nat6.excitenetwork.com ([63.236.75.8] helo=xmxpita.excite.com) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16yAq5-0000tz-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Thu, 18 Apr 2002 13:16:37 +0100 Received: by xmxpita.excite.com (Postfix, from userid 110) id 7F81BB6D2; Thu, 18 Apr 2002 06:37:43 -0400 (EDT) To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: LF: Re: New QTH anyone? Received: from [10.50.6.213] by xprdmailfe18.nwk.excite.com via HTTP; Thu, 18 Apr 2002 06:37:43 EST From: "john sexton" MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Sender: computernetworks@excite.com X-Mailer: PHP Content-Type: text/html; charset=windows-1252 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Message-ID: <20020418103743.7F81BB6D2@xmxpita.excite.com> Date: Thu, 18 Apr 2002 06:37:43 -0400 (EDT) Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hi Graeme,
I have just checked 10.36UTC 2002.04.18 and GBR 16kHz is off. It has been off every time I have looked over the past couple of weeks. It may have been off all of that time, but I have not checked regularly.
John, G4CNN

--- On Wed 04/17, Graeme Zimmer wrote:
> Hi,
>
> > BT Looking to 'Redevelop' its Rugby Radio Site
>
> Can anyone tell me if the 16Khz TX is currently transmitting please?
>
> I'm trying to hear (see) it in Australia, but no luck yet.
>
> Also, I assume it only transmits for 5 minutes every six hours, is that
> correct ?
>
> Thanks ............... Zim
>
>
>
>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 5827 invoked from network); 18 Apr 2002 01:52:26 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 18 Apr 2002 01:52:26 -0000 Received: (qmail 14950 invoked from network); 18 Apr 2002 01:52:25 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 18 Apr 2002 01:52:25 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16y2Ol-00000g-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Thu, 18 Apr 2002 04:15:51 +0100 Received: from 1149.cust.skynetweb.com ([208.231.4.134] helo=mail.salmark.net) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16y2Ok-00000Z-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Thu, 18 Apr 2002 04:15:50 +0100 Received: from [139.134.6.78] (helo=mta01bw.bigpond.com) by mail.salmark.net with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16y0Wx-00066s-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Wed, 17 Apr 2002 21:16:12 -0400 Received: from newlaptop ([144.135.24.69]) by mta01bw.bigpond.com (Netscape Messaging Server 4.15 mta01bw Feb 26 2002 03:44:21) with SMTP id GUQOOE00.CWE for ; Thu, 18 Apr 2002 11:12:14 +1000 Received: from 144.138.54.211 ([144.138.54.211]) by bwmam01.mailsvc.email.bigpond.com(MailRouter V3.0j 2/1025075); 18 Apr 2002 11:12:10 Message-ID: <009a01c1e611$7d716320$d3368a90@newlaptop> From: "Graeme Zimmer" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org References: <000901c1e62e$d88d2f60$9c6168d5@oemcomputer> Subject: LF: Re: New QTH anyone? Date: Wed, 17 Apr 2002 23:12:07 +1000 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2615.200 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hi, > BT Looking to 'Redevelop' its Rugby Radio Site Can anyone tell me if the 16Khz TX is currently transmitting please? I'm trying to hear (see) it in Australia, but no luck yet. Also, I assume it only transmits for 5 minutes every six hours, is that correct ? Thanks ............... Zim From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 22507 invoked from network); 17 Apr 2002 19:23:24 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 17 Apr 2002 19:23:24 -0000 Received: (qmail 17335 invoked from network); 17 Apr 2002 19:23:23 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 17 Apr 2002 19:23:23 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16xwEo-0007n1-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Wed, 17 Apr 2002 21:41:10 +0100 Received: from rhenium.btinternet.com ([194.73.73.93]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16xwEn-0007mw-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Wed, 17 Apr 2002 21:41:09 +0100 Received: from host217-39-12-189.in-addr.btopenworld.com ([217.39.12.189] helo=dellboy) by rhenium.btinternet.com with smtp (Exim 3.22 #8) id 16xuht-0000r6-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Wed, 17 Apr 2002 20:03:05 +0100 Message-ID: <002101c1e642$84448e80$1700a8c0@home> From: "Dave Pick" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org References: <20020417174419.35B8B1E44B@xmxpita.excite.com> Subject: Re: LF: New QTH anyone? Date: Wed, 17 Apr 2002 20:03:09 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/html; charset=windows-1252 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.50.4807.1700 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Content-transfer-encoding: 8bit
Rugby may close but that doesn't mean there'll be no VLF from the UK. There's already that place on the Solway Firth and a little further South there's a nice new 1200ft mast with a big umbrella top-hat!
 
Dave
G3YXM.
From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 160 invoked from network); 17 Apr 2002 17:49:25 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 17 Apr 2002 17:49:25 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 3535 invoked from network); 17 Apr 2002 17:49:24 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 17 Apr 2002 17:49:24 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16xv1L-0007a2-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Wed, 17 Apr 2002 20:23:11 +0100 Received: from nat5.excitenetwork.com ([63.236.75.7] helo=xmxpita.excite.com) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16xv1H-0007Zu-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Wed, 17 Apr 2002 20:23:08 +0100 Received: by xmxpita.excite.com (Postfix, from userid 110) id 35B8B1E44B; Wed, 17 Apr 2002 13:44:19 -0400 (EDT) To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: RE: LF: New QTH anyone? Received: from [10.50.6.213] by xprdmailfe24.nwk.excite.com via HTTP; Wed, 17 Apr 2002 13:44:19 EST From: "john sexton" MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Sender: computernetworks@excite.com X-Mailer: PHP Content-Type: text/html; charset=windows-1252 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Message-ID: <20020417174419.35B8B1E44B@xmxpita.excite.com> Date: Wed, 17 Apr 2002 13:44:19 -0400 (EDT) Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hi Mike,
I had noticed that GBR 16kHz has been off a lot lately, but assumed it was for maintenance. Also not having checked regularly, didn't feel it was worth mentioning, but it looks as though it may be about to close permanently despite the recent anniversary.
Maybe there will be a lot of space at VLF soon?? New pastures?
John, G4CNN

--- On Wed 04/17, mike.dennison wrote:
> The RSGB has just published the following as part of next Sunday's GB2RS
> bulletin (published to non-members next Friday at
> http://www.rsgb.org/news):
>
> -------------
> BT Looking to 'Redevelop' its Rugby Radio Site
> It has been announced that the 1700-acre Rugby radio station site is to
> be
> 'redeveloped' by BT. It was brought into service, originally by the Post
> Office, as a wireless telegraphy station in 1926. A year later it started
> carrying Royal Observatory time signals and over the next 70 years the
> station, using the callsigns GBR on 16kHz and MSF on 60kHz, was used for
> sending radio telegrams to ships. The 16kHz transmissions can also be
> received by submarines when submerged. The MSF 60kHz transmitter now
> carries
> time signals from the National Physical Laboratory. Its effective
> radiated
> power is estimated at 10 to 15 kilowatts, using a T-shaped antenna 180
> metres high and 500 metres across the top. Now, with the arrival of
> satellite communications, much of the Rugby site is becoming redundant,
> and
> BT is searching for a partner to redevelop it. Their property agents have
> estimated its land value alone at nearly £400 million. The current
> contract
> for the MSF 60kHz service extends until 2007.
> -----------------
>
> Mike, G3XDV
> http://www.lf.thersgb.net
> ====================
>
>
>
>
>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 15069 invoked from network); 17 Apr 2002 17:30:01 -0000 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by exhibition.plus.net with SMTP; 17 Apr 2002 17:30:01 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 24593 invoked from network); 17 Apr 2002 17:29:57 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 17 Apr 2002 17:29:57 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16xuiW-0007Wk-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Wed, 17 Apr 2002 20:03:44 +0100 Received: from hestia.herts.ac.uk ([147.197.200.9]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16xuiU-0007Wf-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Wed, 17 Apr 2002 20:03:43 +0100 Received: from gemini ([147.197.200.44] helo=gemini.herts.ac.uk) by hestia.herts.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.22 #1) id 16xtBa-0006jm-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Wed, 17 Apr 2002 18:25:38 +0100 Received: from [147.197.232.252] (helo=rsch-15.herts.ac.uk) by gemini.herts.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #1) id 16xtBZ-0004QD-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Wed, 17 Apr 2002 18:25:37 +0100 Message-ID: <5.1.0.14.0.20020417180251.00a7ad20@gemini.herts.ac.uk> X-Sender: mj9ar@gemini.herts.ac.uk X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1 Date: Wed, 17 Apr 2002 18:19:56 +0100 To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org From: "James Moritz" Subject: Re: LF: New QTH anyone? In-reply-to: <000901c1e62e$d88d2f60$9c6168d5@oemcomputer> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Dear LF Group, I wonder if that applies to the whole site including the LF/VLF antennas, or to the HF part of the site? I think the part of the Rugby radio site to the east of the A5 road is purely HF, whilst the part to the west is the LF/VLF part. Obviously the LF part is still operating, but I overheard a member of the Rugby amateur radio club at a rally saying that the HF station had been defunct for some time, and the amateur club was actually using some of the antennas on the site. Cheers, Jim Moritz 73 de M0BMU From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 5160 invoked from network); 17 Apr 2002 16:49:22 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 17 Apr 2002 16:49:22 -0000 Received: (qmail 6121 invoked from network); 17 Apr 2002 16:49:20 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 17 Apr 2002 16:49:20 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16xu2d-0007Qy-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Wed, 17 Apr 2002 19:20:27 +0100 Received: from mta06-svc.ntlworld.com ([62.253.162.46]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16xu2c-0007Qr-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Wed, 17 Apr 2002 19:20:26 +0100 Received: from oemcomputer ([213.104.97.156]) by mta06-svc.ntlworld.com (InterMail vM.4.01.03.27 201-229-121-127-20010626) with SMTP id <20020417164219.QMKL20036.mta06-svc.ntlworld.com@oemcomputer> for ; Wed, 17 Apr 2002 17:42:19 +0100 Message-ID: <000901c1e62e$d88d2f60$9c6168d5@oemcomputer> From: "mike.dennison" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: LF: New QTH anyone? Date: Wed, 17 Apr 2002 17:42:20 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.50.4133.2400 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: The RSGB has just published the following as part of next Sunday's GB2RS bulletin (published to non-members next Friday at http://www.rsgb.org/news): ------------- BT Looking to 'Redevelop' its Rugby Radio Site It has been announced that the 1700-acre Rugby radio station site is to be 'redeveloped' by BT. It was brought into service, originally by the Post Office, as a wireless telegraphy station in 1926. A year later it started carrying Royal Observatory time signals and over the next 70 years the station, using the callsigns GBR on 16kHz and MSF on 60kHz, was used for sending radio telegrams to ships. The 16kHz transmissions can also be received by submarines when submerged. The MSF 60kHz transmitter now carries time signals from the National Physical Laboratory. Its effective radiated power is estimated at 10 to 15 kilowatts, using a T-shaped antenna 180 metres high and 500 metres across the top. Now, with the arrival of satellite communications, much of the Rugby site is becoming redundant, and BT is searching for a partner to redevelop it. Their property agents have estimated its land value alone at nearly £400 million. The current contract for the MSF 60kHz service extends until 2007. ----------------- Mike, G3XDV http://www.lf.thersgb.net ==================== From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Received: (qmail 24663 invoked from network); 17 Apr 2002 10:42:52 -0000 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 17 Apr 2002 10:42:52 -0000 Received: (qmail 18500 invoked from network); 17 Apr 2002 10:42:50 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 17 Apr 2002 10:42:50 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16xoIs-0006VD-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Wed, 17 Apr 2002 13:12:50 +0100 Received: from anchor-post-33.mail.demon.net ([194.217.242.91]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16xoIr-0006V8-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Wed, 17 Apr 2002 13:12:50 +0100 Received: from telemetry.demon.co.uk ([194.222.19.114]) by anchor-post-33.mail.demon.net with esmtp (Exim 3.35 #1) id 16xmlw-0009yK-0X for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Wed, 17 Apr 2002 11:34:45 +0100 Message-ID: Date: Wed, 17 Apr 2002 10:14:03 +0100 To: "RSGB LF Group" From: "Tom Boucher" Subject: LF: Cheap PSU MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Mailer: Turnpike Version 3.03a Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: If anyone is looking for a low cost high current power supply, Mainline (0870 241 0810) have some small SMPSUs rated at 12V / 25 amps for GBP16 or two for GBP30 including VAT. I bought 2 of these and during a quick check they appear to be noise free on 136 KHz. 73, Tom G3OLB From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 10808 invoked from network); 17 Apr 2002 10:28:53 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 17 Apr 2002 10:28:53 -0000 Received: (qmail 11199 invoked from network); 17 Apr 2002 10:28:52 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 17 Apr 2002 10:28:52 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16xo5H-0006PY-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Wed, 17 Apr 2002 12:58:47 +0100 Received: from protactinium.btinternet.com ([194.73.73.176] helo=protactinium) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16xo5F-0006PR-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Wed, 17 Apr 2002 12:58:46 +0100 Received: from host213-122-250-64.in-addr.btopenworld.com ([213.122.250.64] helo=default) by protactinium with smtp (Exim 3.22 #8) id 16xmYL-0003kN-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Wed, 17 Apr 2002 11:20:41 +0100 Message-ID: <000301c1e5f9$7d57ad80$40fa7ad5@default> From: "Alan Melia" To: "LF-Group" Subject: LF: Whoops...web URL Date: Wed, 17 Apr 2002 11:18:50 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.72.3110.5 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hi all, sorry I know most of know it and it is available via Dave's site but I should have referenced my web site URL. It is http://www.alan.melia.btinternet.co.uk Cheers de Alan G3NYK alan.melia@btinternet.com From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 10314 invoked from network); 17 Apr 2002 10:26:26 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by exhibition.plus.net with SMTP; 17 Apr 2002 10:26:26 -0000 Received: (qmail 28592 invoked from network); 17 Apr 2002 10:26:22 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 17 Apr 2002 10:26:22 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16xnzy-0006Ow-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Wed, 17 Apr 2002 12:53:18 +0100 Received: from protactinium.btinternet.com ([194.73.73.176] helo=protactinium) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16xnzx-0006Or-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Wed, 17 Apr 2002 12:53:17 +0100 Received: from host62-7-70-118.in-addr.btopenworld.com ([62.7.70.118] helo=default) by protactinium with smtp (Exim 3.22 #8) id 16xmT1-00039x-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Wed, 17 Apr 2002 11:15:12 +0100 Message-ID: <000301c1e5f8$b9044740$7646073e@default> From: "Alan Melia" To: "LF-Group" Subject: LF: Spectacular opening to VE on 136 Date: Wed, 17 Apr 2002 11:11:40 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.72.3110.5 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hi all, last night showed the best levels of the season from CFH, which was running just carrier for the whole of the night. There levels are 10dB above the threshold for 3 sec dot QRSS and must be verging on the conditions required for manual morse qsos. Results posted to my Propagation page on my web site, also more plots available on Brian's (CT1DRP) site which is linked. Cheers de Alan G3NYK alan.melia@btinternet.com From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 15584 invoked from network); 16 Apr 2002 22:02:21 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 16 Apr 2002 22:02:21 -0000 Received: (qmail 4868 invoked from network); 16 Apr 2002 22:02:19 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 16 Apr 2002 22:02:19 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16xcPW-0005Do-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Wed, 17 Apr 2002 00:30:54 +0100 Received: from rhenium.btinternet.com ([194.73.73.93]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16xcPV-0005Dg-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Wed, 17 Apr 2002 00:30:53 +0100 Received: from host213-122-238-76.in-addr.btopenworld.com ([213.122.238.76] helo=default) by rhenium.btinternet.com with smtp (Exim 3.22 #8) id 16xasZ-00021D-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 16 Apr 2002 22:52:48 +0100 Message-ID: <000201c1e591$07288840$4cee7ad5@default> From: "Alan Melia" To: "LF-Group" Subject: LF: Ionosheric movement ....??.... Date: Tue, 16 Apr 2002 22:51:46 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.72.3110.5 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hi Jim, my ideas when I floated this project idea with Wolf was that it should be possible to do the test with a local good ovened oscillator as a phase reference. I have three cheap (old ...nixie display) Racal counters which all have ovened standards rated at 5 parts in 10^10 /day (also 5 in 10^10 per degree C) , these can easily be set up against an off-air standard. I was hoping that with the use of a stable source to measure the phase or timing shift at darkness and dawn. As far as I see it the 'reflection level' probably rises from 50kms up to 100kms in aperiod of about 45 to 60 minutes as the ionisation due to the sunlight is 'turned off'. Incidentally does anyone know a source of 4.9152Mhz TCXO modules at a sensible amateur price? I have a couple of Synth LF gens that could do with a 'pacemaker' implant The problem is that the only source that seems suitable is DCF39 which has an idle period long enough to make a reasonably accurate phase measurement between the data bursts. As has been noted after a data burst, the idle carrier returns with a random phase shift. The idea put to Wolf was to measure the transmitted phase in the ground wave area as a reference. These measurements only need to be accurately enough tagged to identify the particular period, which is usually at least 10 secs long. I was not too worried about the rate of change of phase but more about identifying the change in time delay from day to night. I was interested to see if there was any way we could determine how many hops the signal took on paths of different length and to try to understand the indifferent signal over 2000kms-2500kms when the 4500km Atlantic path is working well. My problem is I am really too close to DCF39, getting the majority of the signal by ground wave. My though is that main T/A path is a 2-hop path but that single hope signals can be present. I suspect this last comment maybe contraversial, but there is evidence in the CFH plots to support it. I dont have the original calculation in front of me but I seem to remember that the delay between ground wave and one hop over 2000kms is about 30kms or 100usecs. I guess a figure would be more like 60 to 100 usecs. I had not thought of it at the time but I suppose one could also try to measure the time of arrival of the first bit of a particular burst. This would require very accurate clocks. It may not be practical or feasible or it may be impossible to extract any useful information, but the idea has brought up a lot of ideas and has set people thinking about accurate measurements and references . I apologise for generating all this technical discussion on the refector.....but I am enjoying it !! I am trying hard to keep the propagtion notes up to date, and at the moment they are updated almost every day, thanks to sterling service from Brian CT1DRP who sends me the current DCF39 plot. There is also some new ground loss measurements and a plot of Finbar's results of loss against top-load capacity for his main aerial after increasing the top-load to 5 umbrella wires. Cheers de Alan G3NYK alan.melia@btinternet.com http://www.alan.melia.btinternet.co.uk From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 22092 invoked from network); 16 Apr 2002 18:07:38 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 16 Apr 2002 18:07:38 -0000 Received: (qmail 19830 invoked from network); 16 Apr 2002 18:07:35 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 16 Apr 2002 18:07:35 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16xYfU-0004lG-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Tue, 16 Apr 2002 20:31:08 +0100 Received: from fep03.swip.net ([130.244.199.131] helo=fep03-svc.swip.net) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16xYfT-0004lB-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 16 Apr 2002 20:31:07 +0100 Received: from oemcomputer ([213.101.37.29]) by fep03-svc.swip.net with SMTP id <20020416175301.VMNM23157.fep03-svc.swip.net@oemcomputer> for ; Tue, 16 Apr 2002 19:53:01 +0200 Message-ID: <008001c1e56f$915ff4c0$1d2565d5@oemcomputer> From: "Johan Bodin" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org References: <5.1.0.14.0.20020416115856.00aa6008@gemini.herts.ac.uk> Subject: Re: LF: Phase meter for propagation experiment Date: Tue, 16 Apr 2002 19:53:05 +0200 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hi Building a Shera style GPS standard is not complicated at all. There are only two critical components - the GPS receiver and the (preferably OC-)VCXO. The rest of the circuit is built from inexpensive standard components. Unfortunately, I have no boards left (12 units have been built!) but I will e-mail the Gerber files and PCB CAD files (Eagle format) to anyone interested. 73 Johan SM6LKM From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 893 invoked from network); 16 Apr 2002 11:48:33 -0000 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 16 Apr 2002 11:48:33 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 22255 invoked from network); 16 Apr 2002 11:48:29 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 16 Apr 2002 11:48:29 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16xSts-0003yP-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Tue, 16 Apr 2002 14:21:36 +0100 Received: from hestia.herts.ac.uk ([147.197.200.9]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16xStr-0003yK-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 16 Apr 2002 14:21:35 +0100 Received: from gemini ([147.197.200.44] helo=gemini.herts.ac.uk) by hestia.herts.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.22 #1) id 16xRMv-0004z4-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 16 Apr 2002 12:43:29 +0100 Received: from [147.197.232.252] (helo=rsch-15.herts.ac.uk) by gemini.herts.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #1) id 16xRMv-0000y2-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 16 Apr 2002 12:43:29 +0100 Message-ID: <5.1.0.14.0.20020416115856.00aa6008@gemini.herts.ac.uk> X-Sender: mj9ar@gemini.herts.ac.uk X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1 Date: Tue, 16 Apr 2002 12:37:52 +0100 To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org From: "James Moritz" Subject: RE: LF: Phase meter for propagation experiment In-reply-to: <01C1E536.029E0670.g4jnt@thersgb.net> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: At 11:01 16/04/2002 +0100, you wrote: >Not sure if the Doppler shift due to orbital wobble will affect the >modulation >in the same way it does carrier frequency. Are there any physicists out >there >who can confirm this ? > >Andy G4JNT > > Dear Andy, LF Group, I'm not a physicist, but it seems to me that however the line sync is modulated onto the satellite signal, a change in the path length to and from the satellite will change the path delay, and so the arrival time of the sync pulse, by 3.3ns per metre. At 15.625kHz, this will cause a change in relative phase of 2pi * 3.3ns/64us, which is 3.3*10e-4 radians per metre of path length. So if the path length changes by 40m/s as Stewart states, the rate of phase change will be 0.013rad/s, or 2.1 millihertz. Multiplied up to 136k, this would be about 0.02Hz as Stewart calculates. How fast is the ionosphere supposed to be moving around? my OCXO reference seems to be stable within a few parts in 10^9 over a short period of time on a good day, and this amounts to a fraction of a metre per second equivalent. So if the effective height of the ionosphere changes by a few 10s of km in a few hours, the frequency/phase change should be detectable without locked oscillators. Cheers, Jim Moritz 73 de M0BMU From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 16726 invoked from network); 16 Apr 2002 10:52:05 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 16 Apr 2002 10:52:05 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 20731 invoked from network); 16 Apr 2002 10:52:01 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 16 Apr 2002 10:52:01 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16xS0l-0003q2-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Tue, 16 Apr 2002 13:24:39 +0100 Received: from e21.nc.us.ibm.com ([32.97.136.227]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16xS0k-0003px-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 16 Apr 2002 13:24:38 +0100 Received: from southrelay01.raleigh.ibm.com (southrelay01.raleigh.us.ibm.com [9.37.3.208]) by e21.nc.us.ibm.com (8.12.2/8.12.2) with ESMTP id g3GAkWLQ143082 for ; Tue, 16 Apr 2002 06:46:32 -0400 Received: from usa.net (ss5.bld.socks.ibm.com [9.14.4.70]) by southrelay01.raleigh.ibm.com (8.11.1m3/NCO/VER6.1) with ESMTP id g3GAkUM60856 for ; Tue, 16 Apr 2002 06:46:31 -0400 Message-ID: <3CBC00FD.1F2C1C79@usa.net> Date: Tue, 16 Apr 2002 12:46:21 +0200 From: "Alberto di Bene" X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.79 [en] (Windows NT 5.0; U) X-Accept-Language: en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: Re: LF: Phase meter for propagation experiment References: <01C1E536.029E0670.g4jnt@thersgb.net> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Andy talbot wrote: > [...] > Not sure if the Doppler shift due to orbital wobble will affect the modulation > in the same way it does carrier frequency. Are there any physicists out there > who can confirm this ? > [...] I think that the carrier of satellite TV is frequency modulated. If this is the case, the Doppler effect should affect also the modulation... 73 Alberto I2PHD From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 1114 invoked from network); 16 Apr 2002 10:09:16 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 16 Apr 2002 10:09:16 -0000 X-MSMail-Priority: High Received: (qmail 28282 invoked from network); 16 Apr 2002 10:09:14 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 16 Apr 2002 10:09:14 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16xRJi-0003in-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Tue, 16 Apr 2002 12:40:10 +0100 Received: from smtp-1.visp.telinco.net ([212.1.130.1]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16xRJh-0003ii-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 16 Apr 2002 12:40:09 +0100 Received: from [212.1.153.184] (helo=standalone) by smtp-1.visp.telinco.net with smtp (Exim 3.32 #1) id 16xPWv-0005m9-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 16 Apr 2002 10:45:41 +0100 Received: by localhost with Microsoft MAPI; Tue, 16 Apr 2002 11:01:07 +0100 Message-ID: <01C1E536.029E0670.g4jnt@thersgb.net> From: "Andy talbot" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: RE: LF: Phase meter for propagation experiment Date: Tue, 16 Apr 2002 11:01:00 +0100 Importance: high X-Priority: 1 X-Mailer: Microsoft Internet E-mail/MAPI - 8.0.0.4211 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Does ZDF still make use of TV sync to distribute standard time and frequency in Germany ? This signal received from Astra could be relied on as being highly accurate when this was the case and several microwave operators built TV locked local oscillators for 10s of Hz accuracy at 24 GHz plus. Not sure if the Doppler shift due to orbital wobble will affect the modulation in the same way it does carrier frequency. Are there any physicists out there who can confirm this ? Andy G4JNT -----Original Message----- From: Alberto di Bene [SMTP:dibene@usa.net] Sent: 2002/04/16 10:02 To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: Re: LF: Phase meter for propagation experiment Stewart Bryant wrote: > [...] > Thus the phase measurements must be made wrt an analogue > TV transmission. > [...] What about analogue TV via Astra satellite ? There are dozens of analogue channels on this bird, and I am told some of them have very precise synch pulses. Would the relaying through satellite spoil their precision ? The satellites, while geostationary, are not exactly at a relative rest wrt the earth. They are wandering back and forth, with the small onboard jets correcting this movement. I don't have enough info on the rate of change of their speed to be able to evaluate the amount of the Doppler effect. 73 Alberto I2PHD From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 7503 invoked from network); 16 Apr 2002 09:56:15 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 16 Apr 2002 09:56:15 -0000 Received: (qmail 14371 invoked from network); 16 Apr 2002 09:56:13 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 16 Apr 2002 09:56:13 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16xR6L-0003gm-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Tue, 16 Apr 2002 12:26:21 +0100 Received: from mail.mcf.com ([165.254.158.18]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16xR6K-0003gh-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 16 Apr 2002 12:26:20 +0100 Received: from parissn2 (193.252.108.181) by mail.mcf.com with ESMTP (Eudora Internet Mail Server 3.1.2a1) for ; Tue, 16 Apr 2002 05:48:21 -0400 Message-ID: <008301c1e52b$e433a9b0$0700000a@parissn2> From: "Stewart Nelson" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org References: <3CBB4AFD.30D47C43@virgin.net> <3CBBE887.F0D0D223@usa.net> Subject: Re: LF: Phase meter for propagation experiment Date: Tue, 16 Apr 2002 11:48:40 +0200 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: The typical Doppler at end-of-life of a GEO satellite is about 40 meters per second. That translates to about .02 Hz at 136 kHz. I don't know what can be expected at midlife, perhaps an order of magnitude better, but that's still too much error for a serious phase measurement. 73, Stewart KK7KA ----- Original Message ----- From: "Alberto di Bene" To: Sent: Tuesday, April 16, 2002 11:01 AM Subject: Re: LF: Phase meter for propagation experiment > Stewart Bryant wrote: > > > [...] > > Thus the phase measurements must be made wrt an analogue > > TV transmission. > > [...] > > What about analogue TV via Astra satellite ? There are dozens of > analogue channels on this bird, and I am told some of them have > very precise synch pulses. > Would the relaying through satellite spoil their precision ? The satellites, > while geostationary, are not exactly at a relative rest wrt the earth. > They are wandering back and forth, with the small onboard jets correcting > this movement. I don't have enough info on the rate of change of their > speed to be able to evaluate the amount of the Doppler effect. > > 73 Alberto I2PHD > > > > From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 27480 invoked from network); 16 Apr 2002 09:14:05 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 16 Apr 2002 09:14:05 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 29526 invoked from network); 16 Apr 2002 09:14:04 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 16 Apr 2002 09:14:04 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16xQOJ-0003a6-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Tue, 16 Apr 2002 11:40:51 +0100 Received: from e1.ny.us.ibm.com ([32.97.182.101]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16xQOI-0003a1-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 16 Apr 2002 11:40:50 +0100 Received: from northrelay01.pok.ibm.com (northrelay01.pok.ibm.com [9.56.224.149]) by e1.ny.us.ibm.com (8.12.2/8.12.2) with ESMTP id g3G92Cms048754 for ; Tue, 16 Apr 2002 05:02:12 -0400 Received: from usa.net (ss5.bld.socks.ibm.com [9.14.4.70]) by northrelay01.pok.ibm.com (8.11.1m3/NCO/VER6.1) with ESMTP id g3G92A318750 for ; Tue, 16 Apr 2002 05:02:10 -0400 Message-ID: <3CBBE887.F0D0D223@usa.net> Date: Tue, 16 Apr 2002 11:01:59 +0200 From: "Alberto di Bene" X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.79 [en] (Windows NT 5.0; U) X-Accept-Language: en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: Re: LF: Phase meter for propagation experiment References: <3CBB4AFD.30D47C43@virgin.net> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Stewart Bryant wrote: > [...] > Thus the phase measurements must be made wrt an analogue > TV transmission. > [...] What about analogue TV via Astra satellite ? There are dozens of analogue channels on this bird, and I am told some of them have very precise synch pulses. Would the relaying through satellite spoil their precision ? The satellites, while geostationary, are not exactly at a relative rest wrt the earth. They are wandering back and forth, with the small onboard jets correcting this movement. I don't have enough info on the rate of change of their speed to be able to evaluate the amount of the Doppler effect. 73 Alberto I2PHD From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 29082 invoked from network); 15 Apr 2002 21:58:32 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 15 Apr 2002 21:58:32 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 12208 invoked from network); 15 Apr 2002 21:58:29 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 15 Apr 2002 21:58:29 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16xFuf-0002TM-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Tue, 16 Apr 2002 00:29:33 +0100 Received: from mta01.btfusion.com ([62.172.195.11] helo=btclick.com) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16xFue-0002TH-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 16 Apr 2002 00:29:32 +0100 Received: from virgin.net ([213.121.110.123]) by btclick.com (Netscape Messaging Server 4.15) with ESMTP id GUMQ0X02.P8B for ; Mon, 15 Apr 2002 22:50:57 +0100 Message-ID: <3CBB4AFD.30D47C43@virgin.net> Date: Mon, 15 Apr 2002 22:49:49 +0100 From: "Stewart Bryant" X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.76 [en]C-CCK-MCD (Windows NT 5.0; U) X-Accept-Language: en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: Re: LF: Phase meter for propagation experiment References: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: I got out my copy of ISO/IEC 13818-1 which defines the transport system for digital televison. DTV systems have an accuracy defined by their 27 MHZ system clock. Everything is defined by that clock frame rate, line rate, colour burst. The accuracy is 27 000 000 +/- 810Hz with a permitted rate of change of <= 73 *10E-3 Hz/s Thus the phase measurements must be made wrt an analogue TV transmission. 73 Stewart G3YSX From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 16834 invoked from network); 15 Apr 2002 17:50:24 -0000 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 15 Apr 2002 17:50:24 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 5959 invoked from network); 15 Apr 2002 17:50:23 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 15 Apr 2002 17:50:23 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16xC3w-0001sm-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Mon, 15 Apr 2002 20:22:52 +0100 Received: from hestia.herts.ac.uk ([147.197.200.9]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16xC3v-0001sh-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 15 Apr 2002 20:22:51 +0100 Received: from gemini ([147.197.200.44] helo=gemini.herts.ac.uk) by hestia.herts.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.22 #1) id 16xAX0-0000tn-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 15 Apr 2002 18:44:46 +0100 Received: from [147.197.232.252] (helo=rsch-15.herts.ac.uk) by gemini.herts.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #1) id 16xAWz-0001wE-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 15 Apr 2002 18:44:45 +0100 Message-ID: <5.1.0.14.0.20020415183031.00a90ba0@gemini.herts.ac.uk> X-Sender: mj9ar@gemini.herts.ac.uk X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1 Date: Mon, 15 Apr 2002 18:39:12 +0100 To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org From: "James Moritz" Subject: Re: LF: Where is everyone??? In-reply-to: <001201c1e3d3$b08fc020$eb6468d5@oemcomputer> References: <12a.f9ca6d3.29eb04c3@aol.com> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Dear LF Group, I was not QRV on Saturday, but Sunday seemed quite busy - I had QRSS contacts with I5TGC and DJ1YFK, both new ones for me, and CW with G3OLB, F6BWO and DJ9IE. I also heard G3XDV, G3YXM, and G6RO. Cheers, Jim Moritz 73 de M0BMU From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 285 invoked from network); 15 Apr 2002 15:02:13 -0000 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 15 Apr 2002 15:02:13 -0000 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 7740 invoked from network); 15 Apr 2002 12:20:01 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 15 Apr 2002 12:20:01 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16x6mg-00013j-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Mon, 15 Apr 2002 14:44:42 +0100 Received: from tlvsca.vim.tlt.alcatel.it ([194.243.74.245]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16x6mf-00013e-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 15 Apr 2002 14:44:41 +0100 Received: from tlvk7v (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by tlvsca.vim.tlt.alcatel.it (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g3FC3fl18177 for ; Mon, 15 Apr 2002 14:03:41 +0200 (MET DST) Date: Mon, 15 Apr 2002 13:45:38 +0100 From: "Claudio Girardi" Subject: LF: General formula for inductance To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Mailer: Z-Mail Pro 6.2, NetManage Inc. [ZM62_16H] X-Priority: 3 Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: I was able to find two old papers in the "Proceedings of the I.R.E." cited by Terman on the subject of inductance calculation; a general formula for the inductance of a single turn loop of (almost) any shape was proposed by Bashenoff in an article of November, 1928 and later verified also by Kalantaroff and Worobieff in another article in December, 1936. A simplified version of the formula is: L = 0.2 * p * ln((4 * S) / (d * p)) [uH] (all dimensions in meters) where p is the perimeter of the loop, S its area and d the wire diameter. The maximum error should be a few percent maximum for most shapes. A comparison of this formula with the other proposed for rectangular loops can be found at http://www.qsl.net/in3otd/rlsim.html 73, Claudio IN3OTD From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 28694 invoked from network); 14 Apr 2002 19:00:52 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 14 Apr 2002 19:00:52 -0000 Received: (qmail 8328 invoked from network); 14 Apr 2002 19:00:53 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 14 Apr 2002 19:00:53 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16wqbT-0007JN-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Sun, 14 Apr 2002 21:28:03 +0100 Received: from moutvdom01.kundenserver.de ([195.20.224.200]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16wqbS-0007JI-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sun, 14 Apr 2002 21:28:02 +0100 Received: from [195.20.224.219] (helo=mrvdom03.kundenserver.de) by moutvdom01.kundenserver.de with esmtp (Exim 2.12 #2) id 16wp4W-0004VJ-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sun, 14 Apr 2002 20:49:56 +0200 Received: from p3e9e9ca7.dip.t-dialin.net ([62.158.156.167] helo=diolog.de) by mrvdom03.kundenserver.de with esmtp (Exim 2.12 #2) id 16wp4W-0001Lf-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sun, 14 Apr 2002 20:49:56 +0200 From: "Fabian Kurz" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: Re: LF: Where is everyone??? Date: Sun, 14 Apr 2002 18:29:48 +0200 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Priority: 3 X-Mailer: Microsoft Internet Mail 4.70.1155 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Message-ID: Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: > I listened on the band this Sunday, for the first time in several weeks, and > was amazed how much activity there was. Heard PA0SE, G3AQC, G6RO, DJ9IE, > ON6ND, M0BMU, G3OLB and F6BWO. No-one replied to my QRSS3 call. Actually I called you, but probably you couldn't read me. You were not audible but O-Copy.. Screenshot available on demand. Hrd/saw G6RO, G3YXM, DF0WD and worked DJ9IE and M0BMU (thanks for the new one, Jim!) on Sunday afternoon, haven't been QRV on Saturday when I attended the German CW-Meeting.. 73, Fabian dj1yfk From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 11993 invoked from network); 14 Apr 2002 17:56:23 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 14 Apr 2002 17:56:23 -0000 Received: (qmail 4612 invoked from network); 14 Apr 2002 17:56:24 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 14 Apr 2002 17:56:24 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16wpjU-00078c-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Sun, 14 Apr 2002 20:32:16 +0100 Received: from mail4.svr.pol.co.uk ([195.92.193.211]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16wpjT-00078V-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sun, 14 Apr 2002 20:32:15 +0100 Received: from modem-241.clown-tang.dialup.pol.co.uk ([62.136.249.241] helo=g3aqc) by mail4.svr.pol.co.uk with smtp (Exim 3.35 #1) id 16woCX-0006xn-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sun, 14 Apr 2002 18:54:10 +0100 Message-ID: <000f01c1e3dd$a0151ba0$05e9fea9@g3aqc> From: "Laurie Mayhead" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org References: Subject: LF: Re: Where is everyone??? Date: Sun, 14 Apr 2002 18:54:09 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2615.200 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: ----- Original Message ----- From: WE0H To: Sent: Sunday, April 14, 2002 3:38 PM Subject: LF: Where is everyone??? > In addition to Mikes list I also heard DK7SU and worked F6CWA > 73s Laurie. > Mike>WE0H > http://www.geocities.com/we0h/lf.html > > > > From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 13998 invoked from network); 14 Apr 2002 17:52:59 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 14 Apr 2002 17:52:59 -0000 Received: (qmail 2939 invoked from network); 14 Apr 2002 17:53:01 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 14 Apr 2002 17:53:01 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16wpfX-00077A-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Sun, 14 Apr 2002 20:28:11 +0100 Received: from mail2.mx.voyager.net ([216.93.66.201]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16wpfV-000775-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sun, 14 Apr 2002 20:28:09 +0100 Received: from k6500 (d6.as3.mpls.mn.voyager.net [169.207.249.230] (may be forged)) by mail2.mx.voyager.net (8.11.6/8.10.2) with SMTP id g3EHo2520879 for ; Sun, 14 Apr 2002 13:50:02 -0400 (EDT) From: "WE0H" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: RE: LF: Where is everyone??? Date: Sun, 14 Apr 2002 12:51:23 -0500 Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/html; charset=windows-1252 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2911.0) Importance: Normal X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 In-reply-to: <12a.f9ca6d3.29eb04c3@aol.com> Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Content-transfer-encoding: 8bit

Hi Wolf,

Yea it’s quiet in the US also. There are a few thunderstorms around the country this week. It is a pretty sunny and warm spring day here today. I should get out and finish my LF loop transmit antenna. It would be a good day to paddle the kayak. The rivers are high over here.

73’s,

Mike>WE0H

http://www.geocities.com/we0h/lf.html

 

-----Original Message-----
From: majordom@post.thorcom.com [mailto:majordom@post.thorcom.com]On Behalf Of DL4YHF@aol.com
Sent: Sunday, April 14, 2002 11:14 AM
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: Re: LF: Where is everyone???

 

Hi Mike,

really amazing - also thought the reflector is 'down' but apparently there must be another reason :-)

Little EU activity on 136kHz this weekend, the static crashes (QRN) seem to be back after the winter sleep..

73 Wolf
 DL4YHF//DF0WD

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 27669 invoked from network); 14 Apr 2002 16:46:55 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 14 Apr 2002 16:46:55 -0000 Received: (qmail 26547 invoked from network); 14 Apr 2002 16:46:58 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 14 Apr 2002 16:46:58 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16woeL-0006xq-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Sun, 14 Apr 2002 19:22:53 +0100 Received: from mta05-svc.ntlworld.com ([62.253.162.45]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16woeK-0006xl-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sun, 14 Apr 2002 19:22:52 +0100 Received: from oemcomputer ([213.104.100.235]) by mta05-svc.ntlworld.com (InterMail vM.4.01.03.27 201-229-121-127-20010626) with SMTP id <20020414164446.UGNS29761.mta05-svc.ntlworld.com@oemcomputer> for ; Sun, 14 Apr 2002 17:44:46 +0100 Message-ID: <001201c1e3d3$b08fc020$eb6468d5@oemcomputer> From: "mike.dennison" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org References: <12a.f9ca6d3.29eb04c3@aol.com> Subject: Re: LF: Where is everyone??? Date: Sun, 14 Apr 2002 17:44:47 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.50.4133.2400 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: > Little EU activity on 136kHz this weekend, the static crashes (QRN) seem to > be back after the winter sleep.. > DL4YHF//DF0WD I listened on the band this Sunday, for the first time in several weeks, and was amazed how much activity there was. Heard PA0SE, G3AQC, G6RO, DJ9IE, ON6ND, M0BMU, G3OLB and F6BWO. No-one replied to my QRSS3 call. Mike, G3XDV http://www.lf.thersgb.net ==================== From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 26679 invoked from network); 14 Apr 2002 16:22:36 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 14 Apr 2002 16:22:36 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 21595 invoked from network); 14 Apr 2002 16:22:35 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 14 Apr 2002 16:22:35 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16woB4-0006sh-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Sun, 14 Apr 2002 18:52:38 +0100 Received: from imo-r02.mx.aol.com ([152.163.225.98]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16woB3-0006sc-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sun, 14 Apr 2002 18:52:37 +0100 Received: from DL4YHF@aol.com by imo-r02.mx.aol.com (mail_out_v32.5.) id l.12a.f9ca6d3 (30952) for ; Sun, 14 Apr 2002 12:13:56 -0400 (EDT) From: DL4YHF@aol.com Message-ID: <12a.f9ca6d3.29eb04c3@aol.com> Date: Sun, 14 Apr 2002 12:13:55 EDT Subject: Re: LF: Where is everyone??? To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/html; charset=windows-1252 X-Mailer: AOL 6.0 for Windows XP DE sub 50 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Content-transfer-encoding: 8bit Hi Mike,

really amazing - also thought the reflector is 'down' but apparently there must be another reason :-)

Little EU activity on 136kHz this weekend, the static crashes (QRN) seem to be back after the winter sleep..

73 Wolf
 DL4YHF//DF0WD
From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 19259 invoked from network); 14 Apr 2002 14:57:33 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 14 Apr 2002 14:57:33 -0000 Received: (qmail 21278 invoked from network); 14 Apr 2002 14:57:34 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 14 Apr 2002 14:57:34 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16wmeb-0006i4-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Sun, 14 Apr 2002 17:15:01 +0100 Received: from mail4.mx.voyager.net ([216.93.66.203]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16wmea-0006hz-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sun, 14 Apr 2002 17:15:00 +0100 Received: from k6500 (d1.as3.mpls.mn.voyager.net [169.207.249.225] (may be forged)) by mail4.mx.voyager.net (8.11.6/8.10.2) with SMTP id g3EEXXx65596 for ; Sun, 14 Apr 2002 10:33:34 -0400 (EDT) From: "WE0H" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: LF: Where is everyone??? Date: Sun, 14 Apr 2002 09:38:09 -0500 Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2911.0) Importance: Normal X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Mike>WE0H http://www.geocities.com/we0h/lf.html From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 22706 invoked from network); 13 Apr 2002 09:03:59 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 13 Apr 2002 09:03:59 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 19222 invoked from network); 13 Apr 2002 09:04:00 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 13 Apr 2002 09:04:00 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16wKvP-0003VT-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Sat, 13 Apr 2002 11:38:31 +0100 Received: from mta01.btfusion.com ([62.172.195.11] helo=btclick.com) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16wKvO-0003VN-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sat, 13 Apr 2002 11:38:30 +0100 Received: from virgin.net ([213.121.110.123]) by btclick.com (Netscape Messaging Server 4.15) with ESMTP id GUI0ZW05.FUI for ; Sat, 13 Apr 2002 09:59:56 +0100 Message-ID: <3CB7F349.154325B4@virgin.net> Date: Sat, 13 Apr 2002 09:58:49 +0100 From: "Stewart Bryant" X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.76 [en]C-CCK-MCD (Windows NT 5.0; U) X-Accept-Language: en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: Re: LF: Phase meter for propagation experiment References: Content-Type: text/html; charset=windows-1252 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Content-transfer-encoding: 8bit Wolf

The sharp phase transition may well be a broadcasting centre handover.
Using TV frame reference is a neat idea, because in order to stop
the most destructive type of co-channel interference the broadcasters
have to run them at exactly the same frequency line frequency. However I
do not see why they would worry about phase transitions on a occasional
basis.

73

Stewart G3YSX

DL4YHF@aol.com wrote:

Hello group,

I made two phase plots of 1.5 hours length yesterday, the first with MSF (60kHz), the second with DCF77 (77.5kHz).
To calibrate sample rate and the receiver's LO, the 15625 Hz TV sync ("ZDF") and its harmonics at 62.5 kHz (for the MSF plot) and 78125 (for the DCF plot) were used.

The graphs are attached.
"Ampl1" (red) is the amplitude of the TV sync,
"Phase1" (green) its phase which shows that the software is not perfect,
"Ampl2" (blue) is the amplitude of the MSF- or DCF carrier,
"Phase2" (purple) shows the variation of the MSF- or DCF phase. The absolute value is meaningless, it depends on when the measurement started.

It appears that the long-term phase stability of the ZDF TV sync against MSF and DCF is very good. The phase graph shows some "ups and downs", the maximum phase deviation is 50° over the 1.5 hour observation period.
I expected a significantly lower phase variation in the DCF graph. The reason is still unknown, maybe the 'calibration' algorithm needs more tweaking.

Regards,
 Wolf
 

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 4438 invoked from network); 13 Apr 2002 08:22:54 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 13 Apr 2002 08:22:54 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 28060 invoked from network); 13 Apr 2002 08:22:50 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 13 Apr 2002 08:22:50 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16wK7i-0003Lm-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Sat, 13 Apr 2002 10:47:10 +0100 Received: from imo-m10.mx.aol.com ([64.12.136.165]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16wK7Z-0003Lh-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sat, 13 Apr 2002 10:47:01 +0100 Received: from DL4YHF@aol.com by imo-m10.mx.aol.com (mail_out_v32.5.) id l.c6.9e10a30 (4242) for ; Sat, 13 Apr 2002 04:08:22 -0400 (EDT) From: DL4YHF@aol.com Message-ID: Date: Sat, 13 Apr 2002 04:08:22 EDT Subject: Re: LF: Phase meter for propagation experiment To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="------------090104010307000809070306" X-Mailer: AOL 6.0 for Windows XP DE sub 50 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: This is a multi-part message in MIME format. --------------090104010307000809070306 Content-Type: text/html; charset=windows-1252 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Hello group,

I made two phase plots of 1.5 hours length yesterday, the first with MSF (60kHz), the second with DCF77 (77.5kHz).
To calibrate sample rate and the receiver's LO, the 15625 Hz TV sync ("ZDF") and its harmonics at 62.5 kHz (for the MSF plot) and 78125 (for the DCF plot) were used.

The graphs are attached.
"Ampl1" (red) is the amplitude of the TV sync,
"Phase1" (green) its phase which shows that the software is not perfect,
"Ampl2" (blue) is the amplitude of the MSF- or DCF carrier,
"Phase2" (purple) shows the variation of the MSF- or DCF phase. The absolute value is meaningless, it depends on when the measurement started.

It appears that the long-term phase stability of the ZDF TV sync against MSF and DCF is very good. The phase graph shows some "ups and downs", the maximum phase deviation is 50° over the 1.5 hour observation period.
I expected a significantly lower phase variation in the DCF graph. The reason is still unknown, maybe the 'calibration' algorithm needs more tweaking.

Regards,
 Wolf

--------------090104010307000809070306 Content-Type: application/zip; name="msf_phase_020412.ZIP" Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Disposition: inline; filename="msf_phase_020412.ZIP" UEsDBBQAAgAIAIZLjSxUDVyeXxwAABcfAAAUAAAAZGNmX3BoYXNlXzAyMDQxMi5naWbt1uVb EwCjBXBEBUkVixQVpEPpUpCWFBFFWpAuKQUZOWDU6GaA9IhRA9Z0bYyQ7hTpkmbA7vveP+M+ 9/fxfD7neY7GW3UZ2S/GlI7XTij+F5nCw/1rUBC5EppZXV29tT6xv7tE/m9M/g/K//f//o/6 T8WF/juA/26B4haZguEWu2bNr1bgrXsCZjJ7we2gO1xaEM3ags4YZnGnmZ7awu74JyrR7G/r ivDJfIblZvh/T9vTX9gQIG/hJX3ZMl4bM3h46UCeEpCWQ6se+rtQM1nAnFBfNlz6rlArZyol eLTCGO40S2ioGK+2ao/m0G6snIQ7DJeb9zbCphHflgk52ogqc0paKqY7LYjq+ebg63SPdZA1 i+2R9wQtiMja5e4ELu1cHVTdSm+GuPMc9kzJIsT/WuRjXXT9+jDUsMKiD92wOV5j05uri2nc nkZ6bc71YRC78y3A6yeVn4L3lnuSBS37saiD1cFC7byqbBmH5RG483w/DnOyu9AeQ9Z3nVVa 218brrAcaMKRTlC9eSD95qZL0unBZp4wJ+mKTEHFtxB8Q2DcMuQWD3QhlJ7W1wp4R51vMez+ 6xMr95v3rUwiHnxfWwQ9afqx6MZK+a7A4Xku81K0UONaQUhe5ipnFF9S2lKMzF/oclwNGDoN LryGX05QfThZEI+icbQGq0ut/0mmfxaVnaRs57CS+s6ubCUNWqaZk4IwwH91svB0/JupmsbP kdEYhSpycirgX4UIdtFwZDegHFczvI/X7UH+ciD7XN4S5rXsIJ5yPiBITBrqBRYRWC/aU6O1 8Zj9rLVeAoko5feMlzpxLC1KE5iFtoUT2MtLGjc2PCoZyY+WAVOd5xswpB4+p7x3MmuzugX9 19kdKyDtUtPDw/anCt6fMVtLUCcJ1o9KZpfVT9j1sjbsf+7lQExFaPMjEQ+y2VFLJSRedENm DDtmoyuGB3vhh+HA/fub/bypFkVX0USxyuqQz55lbNdafybI3nxNGruce+sRoTTpcsq0op05 2ak04udUj31nRmD2fs9ylR1fgsD7mcLOgaStuoLr4vj9Ds5q9n84UVJaSzLNIRZe94kKV9nN wUsU86Gnxh4MqB7rZA33dOlI9EUSSr59e1u6CR8ofIPjGi72eAXDF/eZNRCqzRnMxk78YPAJ Lfjfxor388beOOlxOQToXQwZJ+1mBeTIWSi521+wCG11LR+houb3WN5+/Mo8KlJjArGo92mH dSmofezMLdr5DFXkAi85duc9F55ao3B6LEWR786I2aw9c/V3rlectd6JEu13mRMG4Q4HakF8 pzOZcEaMS+oJjnVXXyXv12GpgeLu7rg5Keto22P+aKziB8fVMeHRPGmaELSNSyuu/o5e3ksP WCtdBzpcHbcBb/90O3mEDFw8EjckfThoks4UtpUUnHa5Wi26CgCF7IZYHd1fqb+WpOFZV8s2 yvwJs7KuEdpD88tJiU+aqaA7rJoUfz11WZKuoCS4F22a7gSvv/j14pW0ji7jQafEpasr6Os0 Iz3Zmbt9mH4TpBDGdKcbxNnPIRpGe/8ZlT1QLP6pgIPxUh8TEN65d0NPxhyix+w68UbE7Za/ mNM9EO3HDvFj9aCJjSXmPPEuWUqNsHmVxXkzX1bm14whRuLWoK01DnmmpHCibJGrSHcOYf+3 xM0bRdxAXw0FN0KSROXA7U9Q+P7pnbAMIXbIoKagcu1+/EHv5PXFQs2THo+ASv+vjhGnhX/q mX5AaFcWWM9aZE3EftRxMwgndygvzTJ9GlOxPpTyIy5LGKYslVm+0BDXMRcGJZYDLHaUS4k0 lCLG2OQ5CTXDvhdvSzMH/kwfuEzq3n7oKY9gz2W0EdejSIHrWhPtaBahZO19mHjQuhk3ryNQ jyfLMLpFJes1Zlx/sS85lSyxdrVAozsxcpDrV6AneF2gzM0z5VcUFzsfdZbmrG1CSv97qPrR 6W/LRImsXgDfmdQ6Pt3EQJ65WPfV2So2/P2tOK4OzjARObW1WHEQ5MDx+nPVkTC9qkSyc9n7 SRX5smPa4qnl5wdJWW1lrKLQe05Ox6rHegM3HSgKWShM1Ao/DlU+oHAPdzYdlfuEnvKBuaYK WhwIfGr8l1r1E1dhRa1tjCs5gvndFIpTnRokRUqCvwpXuL2OniAUNFT5923ZvowxRpTw1Ka+ 2rJQyx6bMx6rLlRz/UIiZA2Wp9WEqm1rhWjld5PTmBx/jJZLeWhgRy8e1Gff3P6iRmfcKfCw KoZSxAUoOD1x8R3VDd50id00mVc+Qf/uizO/vq7e4ycdqO61UaZ1z3SjKw1WJCn0093GsEQY gapU2/k26m9WvVOCrHm+4/fZee5kg6r56tLV+Rp2Kt+nLNpVx9Qg7x50I+kR/EByy2o9O5jY 1tC2Gi6ydepkeW1UWrElYDtMm5QFZkmIZIuF+BaK641bZ3SULn4D2Zv1GuTKtFbh+R/oTxix kpid34wsTDJlLN9UoQVVwDfiOSLUBBl0e5Lpd409IlSei2bi36jvJ6AqFh6wHRGsqt7N1rPb YnXPrL/oHbyDY7nZEerkbl4jOORBBzIyf0jqW8kq5MTsyXTJYRmAUSL4gsim4sqXGqrnHXjr svC6SSIwOu7QnzmHW0MxMympX8Kfz1VPu5d+OIvxyFcGrK+fN9FVoNdQWqOlY/ipDC9v1FAZ BeDlasfjXfVeltuzB1uQ5CjgJbfLfATqhVV+luNe91UHXVbY0jlMDh5LOhb0bY1S+E8Uj0lm FqRujbxjmyqI+u7SJOwqm8g2MSyCQOAZ2Lzh6rOEq0bncpzbdy9ZuXqJeuKd2S3PadLsDiMj MvPe3lSPv2x/bh8KxuDudF1p5nbpSfPvWEPTalrde9U/WteT9yPlzSSJET+QA7ruwwmABVYy yPe7FuM3kpU/VldOxkmv/0lKN2aaRtqvn2bOI6Q2i0DDhHIJa4K6UftH3HrltUf71btQHLCq wWk69JTu8JqrwtJRHLrRot863hL3Wm/cz7GtysfRYxZ6DSTn+3CO1TEIt6VEku1c7vPyzrvY pgX5o/v7rYKTA6Q3rjBzw8QTruaINf30s4Xn5r4G/GZ7Nt2kJbXZ0xg2yJ/kcf+V6qyz/kcm O9on2LV92aNpyp+H0HmPdTL9wQimqePXp/VN+9tOZ+vT6iMEuJrjAMmVdDWSt5OWTpojLc3X Y1r0X+cK9/stswXZuIx8R2W4C63Kz3egpBrV+nh0NvJ6zwdAR+SRelGhFVIPHun2+tQxT0s6 L9Ga6+cMbrzxag5heT6tpSgpzBPU2Im+0goPqFJ3fuJld2nvR3H6847KC/00/wvewDNqC6ZI b5q1n9tw9YQ/AZrSwQcawQ+QvsU2TsdFIaHejjyn/pwyP586BHJHAnbGQ/ihfgkFQX8Og3Ub hUs/2t1nBuYiQh9xWzh4OUx+sqs5DlJYE3t0CtTSkFQPc2b3ddGQ8X1q7EKiDpNAhuAfhVE9 DE9G+EkdhzV0h39bDUdQWSBAodZ8wIpQtVlpQER6xHsHX2WmoFsqgG/QiI3ugPdJard8QbY/ QvSMw7X5FAPWQAYaEbvWkTbM/qWlkRpk6siZYv+a1UjQmu/eeKiSelS8QxQnV9RKaVQrVaSP MfDjLWDTl7BffCITPKHkpOi6xmjCeHRVhtNbwzB42BuAcQBcM8YzI8RtzRej6dcyEZWhGdTK 7FRgzOPtC9z4EZt47GniENvf4xt7SxMtAx4wjgg7ZbNKipkHgScjw3n5hArXYoATPxf4HChP HTo+xnGdxoRnxPk3xi1ruiDWPrhMxP6TsT9kBnTUWb1GxgPsYkT5bD+AIur4Ei7W/OWQbP5r 4ChowkFPwtYaW+4EK5Qv0Vsl8chY+NQXcLcs0akxmAGqntgjdsdBjB4JxvAkWTWGpp8mYqTD HkQliJzZvCC/jfXzEvu0pm41kSQdlSxuHJeoaieJAr7hT6kA+ROhSVfMMQYpKdppYfNHcatQ ewm/0Ea+VEOa2BmN6E9RiSGnoSz41OSk5JAR8Kv15M9rIbaOaTHKqQQ+2THNxK806a+pwI8d In48jPBdN6yYSKE5SzdMjbXwTJwOpYhGZcROZsSdZSSwZCbJZqZ8zkzzy8zIzMxCZUImM3PP Mn+xZBXIZhV9zirBZ5ZEPhWKjP9wCg5bN3Lwy/Ce9KmmybaQTRdzBDXQZMQ6vHDmB2NQ72pO bVvx2QVLYH/N7M4y/WuTGt6TWU9RkHLV1H5ZwE5G1JBsTldSkpVfgs5ZxOSZWBE5IhDNksud LNnsmEr9Of3cIZfZMMbUN15LI3dhPZflel59SdqIY96JH/i7GN84DeQiyna1LWfD8eeazC8G YCSw7BdF+y+65V+7/Gn2kc/aQzMC+fM3hviCvFPs/ubUleaft7m7Zmbd+BAL5Sq4Jq74WyNQ 4GHaSlkBWzTw81kKZ/QvAn/hfl0q7YeEHWBBKbTwjDKAabmQlzZ+m79o0ppf8azgiVzynFHc NdY8LbSPxFQRVVThXV+bUxDAyKnYlLX4YTQbrY2jsUmoJavIHVaA/Uaxo9N33FnUu7/5bucl HogUls5iEULhd9pSXxNrYblSDpbUAFZh5yzgc9rwcFohEDnaylwLGsMq6RGdCPicxMJahvCE 8keX4QvK3hDKks5LvajLX/OW52uUI5fKyqPK33/y0PwJrswqS2YtrN2QL2EtaJgSKD/3Q50L YLS4cOhExFRka/lLuEleJ4G/2cQG71TZnvWrz0RsIKvwtwCsirawxwTm4VfZDoXZ42H7a7Co usoO7qp5OViHY9V0dFV9eZU3E7/g59R/53ZK6PIduSrrM0f1qYiJKdjJFO9JaSnD2+rqjSwy bY2nUwrwvPAmWw61PO9eeXU8oeaSteq2oBJVNJQkEKkvF2Xw8wX3z9pxLyujD4Xv3tZyZFdT apcmCNRRptTwsIFFR0LtsqDp5I06faZaQUyNhkmt5mSJcAx86yCK07nsZkZdilzgdbZ6Zbrn YJNE1Yxa3c36hQ2Z6uMUMVKaIeaxvjzPD1SD6VCDXEaDFVujkWno5/svbWidaAcbGxcbKSgQ HtOsniQ2H0FW12xEoQcClYjw7EUU5VNULSJCtJHFX5AezshAQWRUBaL0KTImBhFpivzmjwjq RYJIjcHZrKkxKNAmKq6CNX8amWKKrniJjophLYxB+5siKgVRv+iQ6XSYil70Hydd2CaqrhWR TUK1tWISs9G4WmTsNAa3icmTR3VoYzorkMkYBJENV7KI7RHEDpuyVWsj0HQYlD+2lYTrJ2fj hrTRw2xNLZvIVm1UTi8aPo3Mx2CfyHIwo53d5DEJbJht0+Y1/+bZbEzlflNCRdOKIOpGbHNJ L+66EDZ9GluHaUJnN2dMo8r9cTT0uEzT1hsQ9B2hVkxvc/002qu3ldKsZdoUSbvVeq7dVhDT RhGL5d/CpE1jBSpbp6ebWADtP/wx1JLtOzHIBe02pq0WsS2cELZ5S7D9lUJ7am/7E0DbbxL2 7QX2zgUSytb+waXNGIK9a9bx17+9Zr/t7VaTHgTVUoHT2mrVBaA7nXFVmM6xmFZD9g7JrS7H iy6faPcjQoWLQofDRRu7SzPgoiMb06wHaAqb6aLHdmqQdXASW51PhNoc6fGX2Z1xW50fzZrU K3sIpt1A7e7ALfxzl+5uNrzQRVfhVo9qZVtDTKu9S7e/Dr67or1ovN3zghAU2wGG9EYqtDRA ejc2u3CxLV2b7SFbBLRCt65C56gpXuaiJR9CjCV2pczgFYXaksy6S10IxS7tgkQCrLLZm9gx H0tMY8dAhHr9tHpDsC0IIeLf7J4BAJEX0IE1I2pCmiAKA5sx+HH6ZmJML0ShZ9Gsf4iEHwT0 kemaFSGtlLM4CvPBXfrfFy799By/TegHHuTgvWIHXl5g1yoNocRmKx0iy6umDvaBLwpDh/Tt zOAWkVd9/pU9HxQGl8ny+CoA/kHs8EuGvmqhrq6Z/1yDoQcwdNbF4BedJhHcYDOkkw7Qop0z IrbdLA4b5iTWN4zVMLCyTSoY8cHYzS87LcFsX8A42X+/y0E4G9gHR1dEO2YMvjhmAuOy47C3 1W7YyoL55PDYO9f4uXJ7gVMDZrmDGIpDzLmB27VGrsTJ2B6Dy6F3xD5VXeSHS0y92XDi5pjy 9ojh7JAJ+9AZPbspjkjj2qpoPhkFHnkNntJpGP9dNsiWM3g6PbROmpDATSLZp6wvB9Dmg1Yc fZKvfjebj8qApwfezBQRUQvOv1+DB+56TqiydUu59lzbJtoAOlk4CK4Xk2GVhKztyT7y1mzh q5EWl5Ei87nhvnZGYm8crnetr4XroodKFzcAmRXanuy65OzPqY+GIV9xIF/C8DT0nRuAqRr6 /muBXawM3fdhA3mus4+22yZ0Zy/o58mQnntXeBBgYJo4qWTWQ7OzoAEe4Q6YJyXOS6Dnp1y6 7uAIrbrYXzEzR68Wl4nEGwEzZbhRBsjSImzW3GzxKme4KWfoWGi+eratkX1RLHemFTv141Ws B3ZBCdwpwLA0D0YYiPSXsM3/MV+Rej2p2jeccLnygmFxWriPUW803WXwjfkfwlZvAcNfJsYu nUCYZkV2FWxZsa+/DjZjnotblW+VBy/Yukxdba0k5iwykfsIh+Z9CNfF0Yo//iKjyk09z3bm 3CwWHjKsW3dNAWWX6OYGkyzWKcza2GL/4GNmqGbmihgH2N3WQHqLynorh+br27oLU5CNdxwb DYKYFdxA+uvZLdzcN/A85HG+ifLSX92x6+XwJlQj8kdhpQZM/VmTJWSalpBPvVZg/hdeYzKh wlRjg0n/a7zqu70tUwAPgW6rRYzuf84/cBr9u/NsrapGSqtmpj8JfNCw388FOH+pFFNnIqfF f7D7Ab0rqlx05QbXYNtLkRA/d9uz1a0/DKx7pb0D/bt3z3TvzsCzg8fwJZG8h2R/5ubS95h9 H+X673b1Ul676yLQI8Zdnt2n1mRTF2225pecz8zZVFjI+9LzM525e9bnO1LzB2LkA0qtQ07r JemYw9fzfx72Hn6xPcymPXorepSndaS2e/g2+si55Gi2/8grl+PAOdlq/onW7RRb9+OP7tWO 84fe/XtXU8exdcc/hU6cdo8Arife6ic/51/Y6POoMZ+GKp6GWZ5GBJ1G5p1GN5/Gzp/GkU8T OM+SFM9SLM/SyKdz+yeamaMTZ0ddTUeGu2c5eSd5oudn+WcOWueFuzWQ5vPi6nON+fP826TT kPMf7KQq8nmdIgkTdFQ/QELPk46+kF4MHFeKXrTQnjeRSV1BFyjyRUNet8/uBfL2Za/+ZQvn xVjQ5RS5+bJd9BI/cDEcfzkzfzm5e7koerWuf3X85kLF8nL1Nnkl/orodL4fRO6Lv9hbvGIV JZ+5X1FcU1pQCr3J8Pi+McWicgQDtYA3s8Ez1agHLO/rMxKfqIM5ZL/Xn979qpbIpZtr5qsU ci3txo1fYZ9rvuoAxR3dsCy/7fQo5P3OsTQSfAMxqjGsr/hSSt4X6RrVSSzU8WuW8FXkYqN9 yokwMwzPxfkLl4Har+12klGNWz2lwpZVrtCxZWOU10AaLPtltQXal3QVPt3gOoIIYeBUhxjv W3eBORTdFIwFvhJShS27IJ8P/hKT6LyoOEwOHYaKdUWPASZHTmMw8+bHOWgPcgiOzlGl6LKm cTL3vhdv5TbpZHfuY/imupuZ9M6ycfYjasbk0+21UZhJXlO27MEfR5Ai706A/PFslK1oF3hE euKQ0CegMz+HMa75ujIdPmCh6F5+ND5dXa1IQU2MV7ygjBVtSfTUTlBa/+NcU0WmLdqTO59r f9dwcB/jzncuMFKOo5UfuaVKFrv/reOSe2ZXlWk1+k7nHQ/PQVl6mw+MXOw3vT3UYCJYg9Yh KZ2tTmq1lJewx84XiegnDFui6lzaWwx4fpWfQx13QAcGbx9kmg2+FmkV8iCKPr/o13r6lus/ 1ybVe083KW1EjCiUHDukIcuL9hqIGeEe5lLaLPqno0Cm2/bSFVreGtJTueyo7Gt/0ic+eP/o Q4oW5Lv3fUO+baaY4RfFxA+G+p8B9SOyPtgDufeKN1MNjFWSR15ofXGpxxsWL2uNiK0rfBCN o/fx+WSh0mc0/MF+JVnR2j5FEqmbbOv1HGFnmPrJUhR8bPxV2FzCwC4756FZk0XqsamyChrc 6zrpUzdtvdIwODHsxLA1Jrs+mjqvd7my2f5x+8ZHS9Z021pToDPTJxPvRVXjcZBkfdqL7jYS jcI2uleEB4wpJODjYKbv/sS7ct/+kyQbWIVPjudgQZ+95/GzzbJtQizhrZZR9nlBVHJrsXsP 0A6F8epyjt2RH9GOpXkRck4x5Iw0tFNFddeUfTn8L9q5urnExbmmmwfjAvdjIrk0jNthXEOH vsu7oVYbWd3Qu13yu3nbYxj3ZnKJ0eoABe9M43e4QPW3zrOPCu4oJnf2b11cpSQPgii1oydx Vi9BHhIey7Lc9+gRwJuwDBRtZvx8c+KwWfLHpQu7YbfvxAptLM5jwovX/7uxIvq25xxqLuC0 OuD2XIU9eBzj+xd1fOm10Gx4dobJQbz23x7vCvTfbd5F++9185Id93s1FC9/DXxqDjj5bEMO OFulFg483+3mFBu4s9AcRCZTW1HclGkhvxWmoFa1onyAVKKSGgyhTZmi4JZ5Q/txMPRRhxWV IF8D+Yb3IJDzxpdbajLKTKE1TiQuK1ojZNsVy16IaNgX+rvMbxjGBiOkIU+otZEqj48Hgbz3 IWSKFuVrjHeD1T/k09GJqbBIJUbdiWW9eS1YhV7PA0iJymek+6fC+b0WeP1l/si7yOCnzxIj hRUKWGigHTcoF4LdvAvob9YpsTJaRX8sKrgvnaHC5rQPpDgteBRwq0fp6l3smz+WLL/5ElSf 1cbGCT1h+dzTxYv2iBPH/mETZwkOGUxM9o4tuLHboyE0dTf+h4It1T6UAH1QlxB8v4fTxlFT OdAjjavSljL41oN0obpw9a9F3PhbRFWqd+DrRX/YJMuI+mL34voAf8Wnb2lBE8lioI9Cz6Vq +bWMjmtT0ReFwpZ4tW9xw6lPiSsis+91vivX5Tjct+P+BFUNVajNHMaWvip21Nf5OBwHuOCV vplFCDb5lloZliXcukYwyxKHrAL4hPMj2kJrxHM7AKt3eVkk7ZTf5eWMfJXYXH/Ldw5/Qim8 JkVt0ikUCM+nT+UTfn7+PrI8+cXDzjU1DyeDp273nTg6eSXO1omPdpKT87n53lzPGqF7fD9f H8in0ytr5DkkUSDuM3U1Au3JYRQv/KfzTOOgTN++7WUWh+SGcbxJHzCOqXjKbP2xx5qG90cj iOHzr8KWWobZx54VcgH2L5Ynh/2iJWH25iWaxTTvkxpfRl+46vIrGdAMOjN2ZNMUC8ju02pn fv+YRme0pnrXTz03qTHSGmzjZGPcrfCwvkHfJ+uJ7XRnE21LfTHO9ZpBhcmcVEKDn/eGc3Xk 5OTD9LCGPlfPRNT0nBQiT/+em7czVGX5o3SsAdzyqh5j3q75l2L+prtvp7zFv7Rx7Kqa+89R jMVx4zhuN9wdsCJveT423nTS6R54hLG8Oh5vJsMyKG8oWFE+mmihVv8W+gBrRSU90Xo74lvY c4UvtJ8m2h51fYuQxH5h/DHRzknlEakmZAVNmejgVfeINsJaP0RMdIpGeMTaKtiwjk90SXd5 xPlgbR6fTHQrUnkmhCt8fUB9g0L+fwBQSwMEFAACAAgAjbiMLOBp/P1tIAAAHSMAABQAAABt c2ZfcGhhc2VfMDIwNDEyLmdpZu3TZV8TAKMFcEqkBFGUMUpAaUFSGkWkEUEEQRDpLukWkBrd DAZIjdGxAWN0j+4a3TG6Q8Z9nvsx7u/+X5wX5/U5isoKYuLG7wks8S/x/tc9nrOjWUDAfSkM XFFRsbczc3y4ev/f+v4/CP7f//s/6j8TZ7kmwv/v1Hn/e4T/fgKPBIf3iIRBqfJvWzDJU24D dGVOR9hjNhWIUlVuVyRAyGYeXZXXE/viA4hBuTq/N5HzS7FBb3VBfyo9KRqiDIcOZoi57M73 wguHs98FkzGqIGCjeUqJ3IZ9iKLxws95F9ov4n7/LvkGt1noqymZrvjZAWJUrS2dhVuNFxv2 15bN1Tmt9WWq1pUbVj6EASvJ/lYstfwmJGdSQ1audIQ/5fkxgKxa64ljU81Sq6/e6E8Tsl0c qHdaLCaQiGRSRyF2xmFfSn4MomqwLdmXof7qDbX7c0gX7OJghptdc1MwOfOnRuTxGprqPiuz sf50ayRPNZvSU/wcOwO3XRrKrD4/WO7ARTJrNF9dnmyPlxgNN59c9z8gI4pZam6+u72ybang ZX5333x3l7r0m+i51QuzW83ny0bkTNvLwY9l0pbNHhFYGf8BWMCMvZ+q6OQE0Dpwroa/VJk2 NmPWASyBeFO2VyNZya4wEXEFgNWfgnLQ1hjJm0lTe1niblMzWeIiPJP3z7vz4hWfTK0bq+KS XyZqs3OZG324Qb/8+Z2MNM9VvFZhzVQ06Nu3tJjXeuuJFXpFrzKi63egP13IithTnFTAWz9/ lc/mpwco7LzC83jCDUs2pLwpcLEqF4Wamot6s8UHrirDsuwsIrayDBzARVBvYPFGwRcbFDSn UOeaPTMZhNqB4nwsuLaLYfqYosSyGO9imCFT305uh3I6Ji8OR/u30uJTrW2ONJ+tdeYwMTe2 NEdHnAeefLPLXVseiipDDAaRYeMnpmwccmDdZOXls0GS++WtrGF71p1ZovwJ8ymoA+QmZtYB 4R7Tx1OvEWrL00hMNeBYiOGet6+pb45wQFVWo5zapwm8C8qOmTwcrc/TL6qMt03U3kAZLvv5 WilNi+3bKfm/H/UK3OuftFBVQODtflBf28GlTzxHBR88DObReSEGwDEkMWQ3+2GqD3acvIFX eGCe2K+qYvVgrzAb195wMm1yH7U/We+/Dx9tF1gAj+XX2x9PHIzdFCfwD0dx4iDEpvY2JYfF 3pfDixdzNSteF2WXA+pUMWL97xUH3Ofq2qTT58/fk69UpDnLeDmk2VrUW+XAC68387xw4g4F pqLelmUVfLd7NV0Os1jI7Kfbg8ZIg/ofrbNQn8NO2tjZo8SVZrqT7reHvqYDitBGi1FZx7vz oK/3M2fgRwFIk4IEyLF5YSHkuHCbYwh5pXmgnj4RCx6oaQadWmfsYq0PAZc9iUYyi+5rX6Y4 T6WTlO1sA7CzmPbQN/+oRwIj4o2WSyeroxeG393YUtwvm9K1xHP7EQRn12mZv+t55eTHx6M/ pDaFRJNWOrk8AbaO0Ir+eFSuJ1nys877nKvi9ZADToyCdUmqSyBtQ/Fbd25swK/8zn38WPEa 7IvBMTcZy8xPFlaSgH4oZyFj1pufNKZ/MZsXxeXPrCNP6U2QU0q1BEFV4bdPlqYMSDg1Jh9Z ESVoP412y6MSsAhOqWKk+t4t9wxE/WtLwpgqB4GUbB+NAp5qklN7vRP2L3F2h7AQddDW3GtG g5wmjJ8fi/1V6OXQokifMMHrze6b0EyUWHtZjnNX9ns9krgbbEDhoiePJ2eXksI7R0KnWHNf 5uTXXVqwLghW/ks6LqNEFPdEc0d+pHIoOb50iSEM2mrUXZpYXfr0wXvloYgQwShHiuVuGI1q kcibSKQaGxldRCvxkwQLf1wGh3+uNfTLhWYyyLggiEmpzoe9L3JH3pRA1XPINUglfleqkOTW TOj77q/UTVN2XLVymRnZgXMlhE2S9hvzc/AEv+CJZfVNxF+OH4kivZ1PLkzSM1myLFQAwmoq eiCt3+wKf2ls1NVYrsTfxoT9FC7QhlJ2DmdpuQTwNakTVyl+3Tp2ea8x+VM7RHey3Hvyg8RH 6yc+KPkdexGQkXqJPrXQ5NesZFF7wxKDwGfT2c3nIm6ZJT9Uk3Q35idFFlW5KSrEZOyKD3Ie fuS8DedWdJDTFg5itGmj4KqKLd7zNbNLl+YR5YOcQytCZ5eZwOGlrYJTdqx7vMprSZhfogNV Z2e4bIS26qcFEp2q0gTLyTGArC/rqd1+BqvjOyy4RW5YTm8wi4aae74dSB31kuKFSQRXvemP kyyI9AtKZg4Dwr5KJzxImWtGUY1KdX+d8byDhY9O7dbUmLV1SbkClyU9zvg8m+crn2gTQHn6 iYODGfzlaBbPwLHfSfJ26TcnDk+kx/4UrC2aYYhy77tzmSYY/4ejouzuIsWtVnuy9GuDAMvB dydncurJAy+kOUXbNwcbYg3LlNbCf4LlUlEs5jOdm9Pf7vVf27yYMi6z6jX4pHkWc71a4LOk 1DIEAlS+THn0MFGSuaMZCY4YfJ2S8X25I/dtR4TgL99k8Ad7yqdG3K5LOPDc3AILVUJC0qvT 9OR5C/Zx8aHs6F9HQd6rTzMQH6nUBAOqZsyvHKghSjpLRA/25CZ0RHta7PKGUaTz8oTxdRSE O5yM+jvei/W+JJsw8eACS065WJnxTkeQm9kXIcnLmtCkv4sqYu9Cn8wGkxKfFIQMwJk/paey IzgD7Bd+KoceJZIuvHnExr3VFRRXy8TjxqMJ6funQweN8hM8RDTpeilnDE+wY4s1hSbqfzXM jZZXONMRbkurnL7p/FjXCL6xLx+6XZyKvPz5m0wHjwhvCY8jq/lBhyPNteQyydJCK+GXI+Cr fyvw755uU03AiJ6LDs+pE9ZHfnumAcOwmKnKVFwq455dotT4ALFFX6GqgnLGZUiSCcyUXq+m f5K+rAlfpPL467ckR1E0btfegVla9Y1p+pb8vbN9pqGLxhwd5m7QLt2Kcu3jl+N5UBXSCPgJ egeqW0f1Hbg+k95sWxyrdvRnCet1W6Bpn83glb8wmduxMu1mdDIiruV1nvtlTOiZlaftQtng cUr98MZMgQoSIK12RnlfGzrb5M1Arj9cq1qd0dx4G5B89oY1LAFKQwldfCtz1fL97lCojksC rtbUvubWMpffILfBd1P43eMwIVbKTvlaDfvD4JTu0Aff+t6Z4cvi8ccOv83RuZlnjo1bdeZ1 2By1ESPmpasD0wpLD1xLXZYqIjdIp1RMWVZ5ObU5BM0ho+BGfCnKLAyBkEvvdhnZtikGCOgf kk+zPPCZ1veDZEJN4e5KWVANaw6FFKit+4VhdJh1DbGLzPPfUWcBEcTKklAFinAr9Wmjt/Cf dlP6DPkOr9ilSD/7/ayz3RRxj9sSU65zzSz0Tnn4g/CpxeS5kmHt59SUQNa3LoJhb8XE7Hh0 +RSf2xKig1DTP0lngvKF/MriA6DOAeX4IdREenxBbqsrf249DNbxf4lbhrz8EPJqNWQlMISm EPiJxNlKiVFdRP+UWkKP088aEObqxv4oV4tgVdFBJEiMI8wXrfvHOAxdYPO6ICx0OiwUwIYz 7tLSfv7ZPA14rxkUBoig+vU1EKnliQ7/c+WdgIxIvLI8gIYHfVPXYv8K+QYSd2OfqA13T46Y sASVezInkbAWhwMcwwMqPCNfJYdfmkfIfIyMDgdahke2I4Ujvukchpo4XEVeCEYNKDGZoUHq M1FjJEzDYqDxKXmTB47jyGiMZrTPJstvTocudPQ6gHHRyobzSczKRdjGTMyIc0xZfowf1Ojg W+wOlLkPFn3iGTFpEYtTsmG1iv5ZE8uyGjFzFUtSRH/0jY1HK8JjJvIxOO5JL5CcNGZfx35N NB6oHK824wYHxNPTJYjSxi3NOGZ7xp1xJjwRxyNcpuXdSeAnxeEJcCW+nqUVso58GRFTBktQ +JIoek0rw5X4Ri+RVzlJiC5JiTTpjXiSKF3ix9kkDeVEhZ3ET3rJ8lzJr/WS9Ir+k/E+6MRi 5yT+ouRveimayol8s3Q614lmsykaXikmvUkO4imO9Snq9Uke9XTK4JTp0NgRdPxv6qQBzjSb iFStiGR3riTf68RIumS33uQwcGqMdXKiddrxanIILMnFWkrbOjVRPDm8Nzm3PjlvBwwlTXcl TY/aAWZaJ4V6JXYFg9MBAJ+ItMjrFzXX4Njr9Mzr9DTqVK+IlDbltJ/gBKGE2E4SOjc6cHtR 2sxo+ueIlAw6SFe9BqOecyp+ZhgOnJ4CpscopzfrZb5kzZDcgYTQZdbSgbOVM2OPMwdIM1Zn BdbpohvwIYM7Sdv1WbvXWZ102dQemRZXkCZxCOFutrZI9m/rv2QYR3+uOHD938dkYY/0Ezbo cp4XR4tfa9GictY8IQERmQzAXDGCvzGcuexkABKyXD/8CA5Ujrewer6bJJrurcpsLh8IhBWL Dd7+C7fOY7FRAdDlLwrkse3kyd6EFXVHTrGDaFSyFfpy3nFH5qQBYN1O8qg/GmQFxGAV5ojc UyTzo9m4/rSCt0Adw76CxBMmX6IEFiXoc319v+5YMVZopbOOLSq/fg1KCywgiijULwjzSNdt gxXirK9yZ8OjBMlg38kcTUNynVRgj8n0v0o4M6e7UXLl75EUkWN0T0jwLkKKJHYL0ov/Qm4K dDGpzsD4YIliEo4iV5SbOwoG+xb21wZSqg8pUAEwshZSrGpomMeVeJdcsRehbnSpxAuLpgra uEtPu4s4vhaOkFih0or9+6ADoDgumyKt4nw6rzJ6cJneNOzuDObflrvIHT90U3rjUezlXS6l XMoBhXKKQw+4E+r1I7JsSivSIefAhPL0/Gv9olNM+d1N2UuyqAfYioeqFaSR5TEwrZG+vGeY Sty3Yn/tSIxNFg025nkGdA8lRY+tbEVW4PNUmbtVbIDoN4HVgx9wWZmggt/xeDz9wFdicN45 ST76YqIMesHv5Tw8cFEfeGq9cDWqfFSl+g094P13oOgcQu5W/CidDaBaEDIKL6pCSEvCdW4R kUHVgoI1dm6Adz70suQRpv01/CcVWvQlWejK/Koaqwad096SslQALwoRjI+wIK8LCKwDrdQ5 Y1+Iq+r8u6nDw0PygGr8IpGh9Mjw8Hx7JF0DCFEJT/86V2fCU2vZj3Tvr48hVwd7lyp9qK/U L3qFAmx61za21WX7gG5eocyCED8jcxIEanWw9WU+0r76JV1yRU9uLR2+N/D0wfcDGwwaGlbT 6EyDqlONG/NWGoecG8IyGpQwtZY4sq9QHlgHrK44shadkRdx0zCmj1wZbZqtqvcoqUvvR93d NEnw0MHnckgsm6Oc64hMak82m1378yW8StclmUYa6PfI6WQbkNvxqG0LWHhf3BQx1L4fFoYp Qfi0EkoxXNkCfb63bX2vJX7Saq8SRWtb6jRTuKDCxLQHBO4B9lRbxufa2aUaHyQ046OiWChg Y8LNbKiyysi8roz2Wk24GXnnVgmCKqiVm1vw5W2RxEBDrjeznk87hKWz4SmiqL99r6rmc2nI U7KPrX06iPRGcDqzHiS0W7IbndNspJzX/Q3FLtk+kS5PxdDRSc+gpQYXxnZMBPYUYiXn+rrV VQpwJirtJzzdeiUsbr7AWp7GeOPuprb6KIZa4b0qRcnKXG601N6LMN+azsQuHV5GZGS3cgbE th+Eo0c5SqEfnqCX8fuG6eEyJQj9W7QPtjcxpw+2m8Pe0NKD7O4RbKM36Q8a7X3+r/ETfX9H f18Gy4CrL5KDYuCPKv1TLUQyOYDkd2+aLWCylGXWAEASN7hgMBg3MyjfmLswkLusNiDQMFgR 3w5uRI/b8YsxtKTu0S4ZDF/4Dl9Bhm8ah//ND+P+DV9C8O4p8PAyhwkMR0gyR8juBh8ODhPt j1AZli/N0z5WHyT3G316NwJoGiXBQ2yUDhMsjDAMjrBFD09ivEV4cc1ijX9kioYYIc3eBo1g 6vEIerzJvbHV9+OOWLjpfNX1s0FSMrbivYHdY0fuSCDtPFIzquszpISTdEKRd2IwkhH/86SO YT9IcxIHnZSNakuLrJOIRjfvARNVUW5zktv0cONBel37cp27KSf7iRjq6SCWaWzjOCwDWZKD 9JdEClHw9pVODzDM9BhPR7+f3gBOO2YCxPxa23gZokpqjXjaNR/NePEwRfrRge3R56oMnv2N zao5rf09CPhUTc5Mxp1jaNnUL4auTEP635EDHH5TOtyVGElx+ddAkD1AtwkT+6ijIpoR6lef NT8UIVnrPNlFPZdv8ag627SlOBAzhvObLLObj9lvT4qfk8yciGvsiiGraosMnXjdWr7XCb5t /6eISMiF3qEro6VZDdRbDAwBBpmz4U2TzQtokf6hHc1uDCND791Ajr2N8c10pNbSr+iZ8ejl AIElf4HFkfi2+YzxMduWEb/Beli3v/6Uzz/Wx4u0zDEsHZk9b+7m/viF/MNw9vvMMWUVwA1U dqUx/qWJn1ReXEcvsTjk3t8xLIMq16qWXV8vpKPWBkfXVvYZyD81nXXDmvZgvadViGiGy6Yq cUrAWtPcC/+1wJyNXgF+W1SH5E1PsiGDQVYlaTkGdrdMWb6pkLn0/sfGJaC70E4Hil3rxt/K K97IuFvGpUdv/Knaco4pFS/u7/q6pegP9MzaMC8vssra7Kja7DyGpTBsCjNNFAksOTVtxIGW x/0YI4ckxnyLfg60AEHAuMVlcFbBeebGNv528OjmO//d5alQX9emkMVu0yxMNm6rfKiUwp/Z /dGKVdZk9aKbti22y2ZbfKBfgLulbWinMGvdohm7k4PtigH4UK73O/Shmx330vMTY9jaPu3p ++2r4MSbHDYeH2ysYtZdY7DwdNAX1P7E4nLM90NDt0mFrI4Gks05/4M65GEFz+6yTz/eIYgg wP4upqjP70gHt2WVdhTIezivH3V1cISfepSsdnRoWwZgDgPy5684lDDz4yJYNJB2yNZTgxM3 Qxi5Koa3JYKjBS7AHCF0OC/ieMJ/3yIe4MSXnZM/cyracgrkO/PzPNVcPKXl11XS8FRwDFdf ktUIOJM3yv9CdfKVCn64f6Q6fKZ3P6R7f7rIePad+WLw5lzY8YKU9py59MI29kKs4kyb6uxi 84Kq54Ld4tKD6lK54vIy9HKc/dJF9sLtHuGmbQrx5N9f3Asg2vgUcGAQfv6YAvRs6apv6DRQ 0kbCEUpzeFhCcsh4gFQ42Q2DXWUOd+ZsXGllX4c/OdJWvc46jEw1OpP7bofPvIvA7CuQ30hB Tp5E9ZFK+ubLngUNfWHjv22ULSyU3X1pVPkXxx4FpbqFBWBNmA7Hhv8RG1UYcIYG3N+Qx975 i9yqDxy7NpQeAK5FRf99vr8Z4HNwyJOSLCjFZGvPL925Zi+uEG8+Gi7VIrmTlz3Gw8d7F0hA QE5JY/XZWC6UlEr0D0BzVR707PWPzjTNNYUYRml/IvDnNnTcK/UsebDWhsofXmmmzz9b8fDx XzAvGiCPcjoJCA1wREDt7ZEctmePP6Zr72hFS4JF/3AlQgchrz2YXMkEsF/KDZv8o5We7H2r Ns9IiZaAbyqWEs1JCCNrjNuILPZTnmUIHmrledzhRHgurTFF5g8IFRhcHU1AfnSyoVJnR1rt tr2fYiB0eaN5BMruuIvGaWerEYou/4N/dL+3R59/tw1lzOCe7Qs0XxpCi4tsjZR4+Bw0zXgc LaDeY90NgZe/NmkEOMrskddnobCIDBlpoNf50mzYVg3fsYjbyWA2W7R/vdT50X5sNe518+2/ lWkWMqPs+wuv3J2ek2mqyv35Ev7m/Uq2wYYjX3r+dw/BhJ8571tBR+/hnvDD1ingwJAAttV2 RI7auOQxjLSF27mz4ugLV+e69h9nWYSJVn8tgMVUk39DuO9YgflQZbTgaRPZiSJbrLwgnFUX WF0SvKsiqMJVOGGnnJy+3qfCXbde3Z+MkCftL2w9q1YTGkaEqyV2mqmoCy/9gau9/WCCcykS X/N1ho+9MXvcIN1DWPVShm6eWoPt8B/sU8FjEe3PVyDsY/kVgkfWAmtA9YTRGBp1lS9q1P/4 ePeT4GdNV/LPSMduF9lev//s829CTuPtKk2Rnmm0q+KXL8naul91GR+PNMusP576xtgokqcf ofL8ywPystjPSvfrbmOqH+VE2r7cSV2M0BVU77U4BHrrNH/dj3yu7dYmVPfWbYmRttuCX1+n 2tOQ++1365oND6MDLbfzJf/oJt0ur9fFurDg44FLgx/1+3UaYeQ0z1dd8fm+LTraJvGZxsqm PMvLIAGpljx5SmljHKdrIb4RqTREyhNqBk3ubp+wFbfMVFYbLwaX4HL12JICtbws82JlsBtI q+Zi7qhQ95uy+jc8QOuSiikVs0zf0JJXOfaUHmxpqpTp2Ijibgn7kgUTn73yFe6GvcK2C9jf kj1izE7p5GaDY+5w6CxXY5Podz3UbFCDU/3lRYNzj6qEhlPXucLVEeppbMZJNvNW42m+z4W4 S/sWsYfoH2JHDLZ29qLRbdprDGU2WyYx+yuecEn/rHfEv8lD2Cuszz0GY5J51LV1Iu01HGhJ sjuqueTrsVHoAbn+A0n1fQFBPMz0Phyv/fFiS4/s3uf00eKVhfOwZcDWSc99td/1d38jT5qt nvu1G9VDsYD7ngXmHqcLWQJ/7t+7eZ/xcc9mYISh+/7kf5YzgFZ5JDojqk/3sh+IiL2ioHQK ZpbXejj9UO4JTukPKa8xmamrXOWLdyH8jcB/zQgJ4NRI6NtOY0o35Aemi5EwWSKTxyFi8qzP R8MV5U2eJCM7GTAfQ7nBujS0k0VcmGLQACq3CRaexgGVB+nMsz7vgH18A6qKMhNeM0KFJ/BD qaPJ+lkZejh7hMZGoz301pQxVwqSF6OxARl5/QSkaInVUX+qRjaWp9eJwfvxsSDfl2xrVko4 86PYBIaX7OSkvaqo/HjwRD6QSvnl5wTHBAjNOuuHWWWNlLEkA4aCRAPSri/lCcnHGQW0trN9 Bt6vYtmdzbi/4q771DFaaXWdG28iuPpUvB+DUXsFTB71A0on1WlT2uzf/EnrrQhc0nsH2IUr lActq48zMFGvKCaL2uzLxzObbLckN2brPYfGs/xLLBXnRT8UOWukw+nnZKjrhH/rc/1lcwlP ocRoBFJS5Tx4sIkGkEEj2CcgmBIrpXmC0dnZl07MNVY3DJz9oxFfLHpcrA5ogsagdvyu6ZGM Z5/IxtO67QqEH2SqOeprVdmrF0g9y/ikETY+N+sKezeIvvhjMzLYRFOk1mupkW0jUSiYbP11 cns9Rj8f7FDjdDO/o/EM9DXlQthtZHxbq0W/ri0iudjwI/bd6eZXTP74J3lz7Nf+dJwwsvxZ KcCN5+0tajqf4HlJ0IK1ARw12sH6qezPPnjBSXG6EfWseuga9uMYxNSgQ60ZvGD36Sl2ekVP FDHEgrXWJMcUQZXhSeb9ts/Ip3qKRVk9TV/rKs5Nz07U1ozs7D2XLtBxhF7ULcyV2V+mzK2y U9bGqB84x6sabAt6VMmu7bs1ec/uiD7PHPRddmqam9uOedaQdw6zLiAXWzdP5Z7agLpY8nxd 4uNyOQg5cE/2mTuVmU5te5DneSz5+Urrawt2o8IbjPlxZpOK0kvmt3bUbXyIhXs+ZLINXJJY vA9KTSLh4w29L1rpp9OtMyxxstYcMG5OB7Sfn7NH8HOs4R53pDUKM1H8ti8oCg5F1EsfwHZ+ 7w3PBCXlMYkIxtMDtZmpxJsUf1SDwhjMuWST0FX21cnZpWavA3R/XxLB73OBFoKHdgPmCqd9 QxALUVq7QfvQ06pFBksJepsht26h9AOIpYyH9bAfMSIJx2AlR289EvJjwYj8Lu0D/01npIVa HrX9TyWh0/7k5wc6t9einKkVwwnsZ8qvbufh1YDxJ2PHRfwgnd4DIR+AfUlxMsHuu1PRKXVD gULzQT2qQ2Bi6dQu6OGeLUtB+gzRJgaq2veNg/mWA+HujnhKaG+tm5GQWutemyhvb+/RwDN/ 4Y60tLdzTs0QXxb1QEU+4iPCIeYWDkM9GjekHb075hTxWz2az5sc/S/nlu4X62KJ3zgF0c4v P1T0bH/m4MT8qnWFKsyz85WMM0hXalWxWK1JpNk5puV2Ee+hF/pjlmMg//w6h6J4G72Dc0rd /AZVj9iM1OKxF+G7RdGtqx56uZP4S8gWfotmG37cyR+qzBWC99d99ASnqW8XVkjrkTnmiw4Z a5BNobq6SZFyFz9CvKUfl9foB+2HCbede/KWnpiHDmchPIyreJ6ocSPKS2SHwe4eFEW+YOgG ITc75EOgps75PL1d7rZ+MEv2Pr0/73r4gsXMQ2o2uPkCnsG4I2N8O8JvdB0MN1xxsPQ2/Hvm HhiHyzrQ4Pfr0qAqYDaXOgw89Fkq4vNp6sk4EmkZnW4Y8lxQbL78eSl9FNji87dHaSO5xfdk 2sF1MwC3/rfCZ3fH/2YnLOum+G1TrAHzVaNHy8V8RVOTZLlL6L/5y05m/8NhjX/lGjKnSWH3 s0vDXjkcdwqwMO+FjwHOd2H+90+MpKfGm4tsSQ4JWwgb64/7m86FZFd8pLpdWh9SiPUKyQyo hl9ltFDwStxGxuNOZXf7ZafgDY/XW/Ya4vdvG44+tB40NM011D9Qkz0nlFwJliIubbsoefeo s5Uxv+VKSHzbRxJ7KsuCQOLRtD5NEm8rQdH8k8HYvn8QRX1u2kK33nSah5PjEpbtEpIZhjeu BctuYN/z2TXc3ra8iJKZGG/ZPW0VZGjDN3v7SruNZl2SvRMVLdRImvS+c1yO4awOQCPGNyHF nyQ78LRzo6GV+eUHtn+yjw06Jzpk8cxInkZRTzdIHJZ0tn9vrRyXj+eRRGDfa+xJCSY1aLrW p3U0qLq2qc43qM136ux19BJ+FCDqysO+00J0sTZK1nzuMpyX0HHtMpqQA4C7jOU79Ru7TKNQ U2xv3Uy70S+iCH93WyV1W+d32yC6bTu77Sa67de7Hc66HYl6nGh6nF/2/BLucZHvcdXucTPr cXft8ZhQAArEeOX3eCN6fDp7fCd6/NZ7/M96AoBE6N806MCX6CBhdLA8+o82OsQMHaqmREhC gif5P1BLAQIUCxQAAgAIAIZLjSxUDVyeXxwAABcfAAAUAAAAAAAAAAAAIAAAAAAAAABkY2Zf cGhhc2VfMDIwNDEyLmdpZlBLAQIUCxQAAgAIAI24jCzgafz9bSAAAB0jAAAUAAAAAAAAAAAA IAAAAJEcAABtc2ZfcGhhc2VfMDIwNDEyLmdpZlBLBQYAAAAAAgACAIQAAAAwPQAAAAA= --------------090104010307000809070306-- From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 8636 invoked from network); 12 Apr 2002 20:34:01 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by exhibition.plus.net with SMTP; 12 Apr 2002 20:34:01 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 22951 invoked from network); 12 Apr 2002 20:33:51 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 12 Apr 2002 20:33:51 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16w91Z-0001wx-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Fri, 12 Apr 2002 22:56:05 +0100 Received: from mailout04.sul.t-online.com ([194.25.134.18]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16w91X-0001ws-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Fri, 12 Apr 2002 22:56:04 +0100 Received: from fwd06.sul.t-online.de by mailout04.sul.t-online.com with smtp id 16w7UH-0004bx-06; Fri, 12 Apr 2002 22:17:37 +0200 Received: from (0482183881-0001@[62.227.109.76]) by fwd06.sul.t-online.com with smtp id 16w7UB-0JotZAC; Fri, 12 Apr 2002 22:17:31 +0200 From: "jannsen" <0482183881-0001@t-online.de> To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org References: Subject: Re: LF: Phase meter for propagation experiment X-Mailer: T-Online eMail 2.34 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Date: Fri, 12 Apr 2002 22:17:31 +0200 Message-ID: <16w7UB-0JotZAC@fwd06.sul.t-online.com> X-Sender: 0482183881-0001@t-dialin.net Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: DL4YHF@aol.com schrieb: > Hello Jim, Uwe and group, > .......... > > Thanks Uwe for the signal gallery. From your QTH, you can be sure to receive > Loran from Sylt via groundwave ! > > Regards, > Wolf DL4YHF. > Hi Wolf es all, concerning the "gallery" pse read instead of 152.981/-.859kHz: 152.999,981/-,859kHz. sri regards Uwe/dj8wx From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 27122 invoked from network); 12 Apr 2002 16:15:03 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 12 Apr 2002 16:15:03 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 20601 invoked from network); 12 Apr 2002 16:15:03 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 12 Apr 2002 16:15:03 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16w5Ac-0001Oz-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Fri, 12 Apr 2002 18:49:10 +0100 Received: from mrwint.cisco.com ([198.135.0.176] helo=cisco.com) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16w5Ab-0001Op-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Fri, 12 Apr 2002 18:49:09 +0100 Received: from virgin.net (ch2-dhcp134-146.cisco.com [161.44.134.146]) by cisco.com (8.8.8/2.6/Cisco List Logging/8.8.8) with ESMTP id RAA00720 for ; Fri, 12 Apr 2002 17:10:27 +0100 (BST) Message-ID: <3CB706AF.8E61A137@virgin.net> Date: Fri, 12 Apr 2002 17:09:20 +0100 From: "Stewart Bryant" X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.76 [en]C-CCK-MCD (Windows NT 5.0; U) X-Accept-Language: en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: Re: LF: Phase meter for propagation experiment References: <5.1.0.14.0.20020412170906.00a1e5f0@POP3.freeler.nl> Content-Type: text/html; charset=windows-1252 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Content-transfer-encoding: 8bit  

Dick Rollema wrote:

To All from PA0SE

Not all TV-stations derive their sync-signals from stable frequency sources. Harry, PA0LQ, has investigated this matter some years ago and seemed to remember that BBC1, BBC2 and the German ARD are referenced to an atomic standard and therefore very stable. But Anjo, PA0ZR, recently found out  that this was no longer the case for BBC2. But perhaps this is due to the fact that the BBC2 signal, as distributed over Europe, is picked up near Dover from a station in Kent and perhaps this one does not use the atomic standard.


The digital televison network is not locked in this way. The accuracy there is only that of a good crystal
and will vary as they switch from source to source. So you cannot use any digital cable, satellite or
terrestial transmission as a high accuracy reference.

Also some long distance distribution, ie C4 is distributed arround the UK is done that way and
then converted back to analogue. Only if the analogue broadcaster re-syncs to a high
accuracy reference will that be precise.

Stewart G3YSX
 

 

73, Dick, PA0SE

At 08:13 12-4-02 -0400, you wrote:

Hello Jim, Uwe and group,

Yes of course an LF broadcaster can only be used as reference if he is quite close to your station. Groundwave propagation must be dominant throughout the observation period. But there is a way to find this out:
Use the TV sync as reference to observe the MSF or DCF77 carrier. Requires no hardware (except for a potentiometers to adjust the input signals to the receiver).  Input signals (into the longwave receiver) will be 4*15625 Hz and 60kHz, or 5*15625 Hz and 77.5 kHz. Fortunately, in both cases the signals fit in a standard 3kHz IF bandwidth.

This allows checking if the reference phase is stable enough  -  if you are lucky you'll never have to let the TV turned on overnight ;-). I will try this experiment soon and let you know the results.

Thanks Uwe for the signal gallery. >From your QTH, you can be sure to receive Loran from Sylt via groundwave !

Regards,
 Wolf  DL4YHF.

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 21857 invoked from network); 12 Apr 2002 15:19:05 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 12 Apr 2002 15:19:05 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 11075 invoked from network); 12 Apr 2002 15:19:05 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 12 Apr 2002 15:19:05 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16w4Im-0001DQ-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Fri, 12 Apr 2002 17:53:32 +0100 Received: from cmailenv1.svr.pol.co.uk ([213.218.77.53]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16w4Il-0001DL-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Fri, 12 Apr 2002 17:53:31 +0100 Received: from [62.21.145.233] (helo=w8k3f0.freeler.nl) by cmailENV1.svr.pol.co.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.35 #1) id 16w2lq-00073C-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Fri, 12 Apr 2002 15:15:26 +0000 Message-ID: <5.1.0.14.0.20020412170906.00a1e5f0@POP3.freeler.nl> X-Sender: FRE0000086604@POP3.freeler.nl X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1 Date: Fri, 12 Apr 2002 17:21:21 +0200 To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org From: "Dick Rollema" Subject: Re: LF: Phase meter for propagation experiment In-reply-to: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/html; charset=windows-1252 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Content-transfer-encoding: 8bit To All from PA0SE

Not all TV-stations derive their sync-signals from stable frequency sources. Harry, PA0LQ, has investigated this matter some years ago and seemed to remember that BBC1, BBC2 and the German ARD are referenced to an atomic standard and therefore very stable. But Anjo, PA0ZR, recently found out  that this was no longer the case for BBC2. But perhaps this is due to the fact that the BBC2 signal, as distributed over Europe, is picked up near Dover from a station in Kent and perhaps this one does not use the atomic standard.

73, Dick, PA0SE

At 08:13 12-4-02 -0400, you wrote:
Hello Jim, Uwe and group,

Yes of course an LF broadcaster can only be used as reference if he is quite close to your station. Groundwave propagation must be dominant throughout the observation period. But there is a way to find this out:
Use the TV sync as reference to observe the MSF or DCF77 carrier. Requires no hardware (except for a potentiometers to adjust the input signals to the receiver).  Input signals (into the longwave receiver) will be 4*15625 Hz and 60kHz, or 5*15625 Hz and 77.5 kHz. Fortunately, in both cases the signals fit in a standard 3kHz IF bandwidth.

This allows checking if the reference phase is stable enough  -  if you are lucky you'll never have to let the TV turned on overnight ;-). I will try this experiment soon and let you know the results.

Thanks Uwe for the signal gallery. From your QTH, you can be sure to receive Loran from Sylt via groundwave !

Regards,
 Wolf  DL4YHF.
From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 28012 invoked from network); 12 Apr 2002 12:25:57 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by exhibition.plus.net with SMTP; 12 Apr 2002 12:25:57 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 23636 invoked from network); 12 Apr 2002 12:25:51 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 12 Apr 2002 12:25:51 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16w1TJ-0000iB-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Fri, 12 Apr 2002 14:52:13 +0100 Received: from imo-m08.mx.aol.com ([64.12.136.163]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16w1TI-0000i6-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Fri, 12 Apr 2002 14:52:12 +0100 Received: from DL4YHF@aol.com by imo-m08.mx.aol.com (mail_out_v32.5.) id l.e6.2659758f (30974) for ; Fri, 12 Apr 2002 08:13:30 -0400 (EDT) From: DL4YHF@aol.com Message-ID: Date: Fri, 12 Apr 2002 08:13:29 EDT Subject: Re: LF: Phase meter for propagation experiment To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/html; charset=windows-1252 X-Mailer: AOL 6.0 for Windows XP DE sub 50 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Content-transfer-encoding: 8bit Hello Jim, Uwe and group,

Yes of course an LF broadcaster can only be used as reference if he is quite close to your station. Groundwave propagation must be dominant throughout the observation period. But there is a way to find this out:
Use the TV sync as reference to observe the MSF or DCF77 carrier. Requires no hardware (except for a potentiometers to adjust the input signals to the receiver).  Input signals (into the longwave receiver) will be 4*15625 Hz and 60kHz, or 5*15625 Hz and 77.5 kHz. Fortunately, in both cases the signals fit in a standard 3kHz IF bandwidth.

This allows checking if the reference phase is stable enough  -  if you are lucky you'll never have to let the TV turned on overnight ;-). I will try this experiment soon and let you know the results.

Thanks Uwe for the signal gallery. From your QTH, you can be sure to receive Loran from Sylt via groundwave !

Regards,
 Wolf  DL4YHF. From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 17496 invoked from network); 12 Apr 2002 10:32:12 -0000 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 12 Apr 2002 10:32:12 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 27618 invoked from network); 12 Apr 2002 10:32:11 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 12 Apr 2002 10:32:11 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16vzl1-0000SB-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Fri, 12 Apr 2002 13:02:23 +0100 Received: from hestia.herts.ac.uk ([147.197.200.9]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16vzl0-0000S6-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Fri, 12 Apr 2002 13:02:22 +0100 Received: from gemini ([147.197.200.44] helo=gemini.herts.ac.uk) by hestia.herts.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.22 #1) id 16vyE5-0005Kv-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Fri, 12 Apr 2002 11:24:17 +0100 Received: from [147.197.232.252] (helo=rsch-15.herts.ac.uk) by gemini.herts.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #1) id 16vyE4-0007mA-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Fri, 12 Apr 2002 11:24:17 +0100 Message-ID: <5.1.0.14.0.20020412102115.00aa0340@gemini.herts.ac.uk> X-Sender: mj9ar@gemini.herts.ac.uk X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1 Date: Fri, 12 Apr 2002 11:18:34 +0100 To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org From: "James Moritz" Subject: Re: LF: Phase meter for propagation experiment In-reply-to: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Dear LF Group, Thinking a little more on this idea, it seems to me that using LF standard frequency signals as a phase reference has a basic flaw - the reference phase signal received at the stations taking part in the experiment will also be affected by LF propagation phenomena - there would be no easy way of separating the effects of propagation on the signal being studied from propagation effects on the reference signal. So it would seem to be essential to use a reference signal independent of LF propagation effects, such as GPS or the TV line timebase. Thanks to DJ8WX for the LF broadcast info - looking at the Droitwich signal with my vectorscope circuit some time ago, the 198kHz carrier appears to be phase modulated, but the phase deviation is only a few 10s of degrees; the carrier phase just wobbles around a mean value, which would not matter much in a measurement integrated over several seconds. Some of the other European broadcast stations have similar phase modulation. Cheers, Jim Moritz 73 de M0BMU From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 7402 invoked from network); 12 Apr 2002 00:00:38 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by exhibition.plus.net with SMTP; 12 Apr 2002 00:00:38 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 8580 invoked from network); 12 Apr 2002 00:00:28 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 12 Apr 2002 00:00:28 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16vpsr-0007eX-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Fri, 12 Apr 2002 02:29:49 +0100 Received: from mailout08.sul.t-online.com ([194.25.134.20]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16vpso-0007eS-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Fri, 12 Apr 2002 02:29:46 +0100 Received: from fwd04.sul.t-online.de by mailout08.sul.t-online.com with smtp id 16voEl-0005j5-00; Fri, 12 Apr 2002 01:44:19 +0200 Received: from (0482183881-0001@[62.227.109.49]) by fwd04.sul.t-online.com with smtp id 16voEN-0SsPR2C; Fri, 12 Apr 2002 01:43:55 +0200 From: "jannsen" <0482183881-0001@t-online.de> To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org References: <5.1.0.14.0.20020411120944.00ab2278@gemini.herts.ac.uk> Subject: Re: LF: Phase meter for propagation experiment X-Mailer: T-Online eMail 2.34 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="------------070705020907070407060709" Date: Fri, 12 Apr 2002 01:43:55 +0200 Message-ID: <16voEN-0SsPR2C@fwd04.sul.t-online.com> X-Sender: 0482183881-0001@t-dialin.net Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: This is a multi-part message in MIME format. --------------070705020907070407060709 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=windows-1252; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit James Moritz schrieb: > Dear Wolf, Alan, LF Group, > ..................... > for the reference - perhaps Droitwich on 198kHz will do. > ............... > Cheers, Jim Moritz > 73 de M0BMU Hi Jim es all, indeed Droitwich (DRTW) has a carrier useable as QRG-normal beside DCF77 in my aera. DLF does transmit two QRGs off 153kHz and DCF39 smears in phase. attention: DRTW has FSK traffic btwn 12.2Hz and 37.4Hz (idle frequencies) in upper and lower sideband. but no effect on the carrier. see attachment regards Uwe/dj8wx --------------070705020907070407060709 Content-Type: image/jpeg; name="NORMALS.JPG" Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Disposition: inline; filename="NORMALS.JPG" /9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQEBLAEsAAD/2wBDAAgGBgcGBQgHBwcJCQgKDBQNDAsLDBkSEw8UHRof Hh0aHBwgJC4nICIsIxwcKDcpLDAxNDQ0Hyc5PTgyPC4zNDL/2wBDAQkJCQwLDBgNDRgyIRwh MjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjL/wAAR CADzAWYDASIAAhEBAxEB/8QAHwAAAQUBAQEBAQEAAAAAAAAAAAECAwQFBgcICQoL/8QAtRAA AgEDAwIEAwUFBAQAAAF9AQIDAAQRBRIhMUEGE1FhByJxFDKBkaEII0KxwRVS0fAkM2JyggkK FhcYGRolJicoKSo0NTY3ODk6Q0RFRkdISUpTVFVWV1hZWmNkZWZnaGlqc3R1dnd4eXqDhIWG h4iJipKTlJWWl5iZmqKjpKWmp6ipqrKztLW2t7i5usLDxMXGx8jJytLT1NXW19jZ2uHi4+Tl 5ufo6erx8vP09fb3+Pn6/8QAHwEAAwEBAQEBAQEBAQAAAAAAAAECAwQFBgcICQoL/8QAtREA AgECBAQDBAcFBAQAAQJ3AAECAxEEBSExBhJBUQdhcRMiMoEIFEKRobHBCSMzUvAVYnLRChYk NOEl8RcYGRomJygpKjU2Nzg5OkNERUZHSElKU1RVVldYWVpjZGVmZ2hpanN0dXZ3eHl6goOE hYaHiImKkpOUlZaXmJmaoqOkpaanqKmqsrO0tba3uLm6wsPExcbHyMnK0tPU1dbX2Nna4uPk 5ebn6Onq8vP09fb3+Pn6/9oADAMBAAIRAxEAPwDwFe/OK1NcsBpmoRwCbzd9rbz7tu3HmwpJ txk/d37f+A1lr35xWprlgNM1COATebvtbefdt2482FJNuMn7u/b/AMBoAyaKKKANbQNOTVvE Gm6aZ/s/2u6ig87GfL3sF3YyOmc9e1Zb8HjitTQNOTVvEGm6aZ/s/wBruooPOxny97Bd2Mjp nPXtWW/B44oAbRRRQBr6bpyXtlq0/nCP7FarPt258zM0cW3qMf6zd3+7WSa1tP077dZatPHL s+xWqz7dufMzNHFt68f6zd3+7+NUlsbtxlLWdhjtGT/SgCrUigHOTj/9dPe1njGZIZE/3lIp Yo2kOFxyQOoHegC9caesfh6z1Lz932i5nt/J2/d8tIW3Zz383HQfc754ya3J9IMeg2uoG4TM 9xPB5LMo2+WsTbs7uc+Zjp/B78ZRtJB3jP0kU/1oAgpy9+cVN9llPQL/AN9j/GnizkUElowM f89B+VAFvXLAaZqEcAm83fa28+7btx5sKSbcZP3d+3/gNZNbOuaS2lXyQCZZQ1tBPu4H+siS TGMnpv2/hWMaACtbQNPGq6/p2nGf7Obu6ig87GfL3sF3YyOmc9R0rPWFpMlSg/3nC/zNauha OdU13T9O89YPtVzFCZwyt5QZwu7APOM56jpRewGOVG7A4r78r4Mms2hwWZcZwcdun+NfedNg Vlt4oySsahmySQACc9asUUtZxioqyVgOA+LlhbXfw7vpLmBZmtpIpYQx+65cJnqM/K7Dn1r5 Wu4bhZmMNvsH/TMNx9cV9b/E3b/wr7VN0piGIsuASR+9T0r5avYLdn+a8vMEnDSI4X8zWnLp cNDDdpzhZJHKkgEEv/WrVzpwi8P2WpmX/j5uZ7fy9vTy1ibdnPOfNx0/h6nPEn9n24zsvIHJ 9WjP/oTCtF9FCaLa6mdQs42nuJoRGVj4EaxndkHBz5mMAfw988IDlSo7En8KTFalxHGrfNqU UnpsjP8AhiqyWyyZ2yjOe7IM/m1AFZRjJyK1Na08abepB53m77S3uN23GPNhSTb1P3d+38O1 V2sZ1Ql4lRccN1z+Wa1NW0JrS7WNbmCRXt4J9zfIR5sSSbcEn7u/b17dqAN34J/8lc0L/t4/ 9J5K+v6+RfgxCY/i7ofzRtj7Rnac/wDLCSvqPxK6p4X1ZnvpLBRZTFryNWZrcbD+8AXkleuB zxxQBr0V87+H/EureDrVbeGHRLRY7+w0a51Jo7hrco0Tvna7oI5Ij5jSrhcvKdwUglt+f4ue JFs/D8/9hWVs19p/2yX7dOtvHORMEKRySugTKDzB/rDiRPlIyxAPaaK8h8QeKZtb0jx9p2sH R7WzsLe8gisLnIu2ZFj8if5jgo7PlSFGG8vBYnNQ6b8R9G8O+BfD2kaNNaPfrptvLcmKISxW pYojGTDogdpH53yIBlmZs7VcA9kor5wtvH95P4ng8babp1k1/LosFte2cSljc3DXnl+UpU5W Z4496hg5CJjDAZHqnjbxte+GtDnvV042bpdJDHLqDxskyfOztEqS/M2yNiEdot2QAS2FIB3d FeB+IfFFz4Z+IcviS3i06W/g8MWsmrW6ROnmO9zErrzh432uhBkUkKFBXpjq9I+Iusa346k0 S0trH7NLLdxQuqPI8EcUUbw3chDAPDKZPlACA5GHPcA9RorhfhRr154l8Cxapf3kFzczXVwz pFnMGZWYRtlmPAIKjjCFBjjJ7qgAooooA+BAMdTitTXNPGm38cAm80Pa28+7btx5sKSbcZP3 d+38K6R/hL41idYzorFmGcefED+rVYv/AIS+LLa6ijjsBMXjiYgyRowZkUsuC/O1iVznnbnj NR7WO90O2x55j3ox712z/CnxnFOIZNHKyHovnxEn6DdzTZvhb4ygnED6R+9b7qC4iLH6Ddmj 21P+ZfeOz7GBoGnDV/EGnaaZ/s/2u6ig87GfL3sF3YyM4znr2rMYc8cV3lj8K/E51mzs76zF is00aPI00bNGrMBuCh8kjOce1VW+F/jBZ1gfSNkzDKxG4i3H6LuzS9vTX2l96DlfY4zFGK7V /hX4yjlWJ9JCyt91PtMW4/hupZPhT4yhkEcmkqkp6I11CCfp89Ht6fWS+8FFvoZfhjQhr0t+ plZFtbcTkKm4yZljj29Rj/Wbv+A11Np4Q0oyXMM+q3Ft9nlMQVrhAWxwTjH+NaPh74O6pIZR rEDwyhAyW/mIC53AYJDdMEnr2p5+H15FqcljPamyj4MTFpX3Z+j9foD+Fb0Z0alOSckn0dzl xMnCPM5NfISX4T6ZNa/aI/E8MSkZzcSL/iKym+Gem7iF8c+Hzjn5rlAT7Y3HmrOreCdHsbyC yvdQ1G3vrjHkRyRM2/JwNq7SeT71Rn+H8Nnfx6fca3LBeTgeTbTWEiSSbjtACk5OTnt2rihz wbvJvtdfl3HTlzRTUrlqT4V2a2EU/wDwm3h/a8kiAtPhDtC/dbPJ+YZGOOOTmqp+GNnjjxx4 Zz6G7FWYvhjBdIFt9bee4WaaF7eLTnd0MWwNlVJIIMi5yB+NUrTwFpuoX0tjaa9NPeQ5823h 0uZ5EwcHKjngkDpV+0fn9zL+YH4bW6nnxt4X/wDAwH+lMPw2iyMeM/C5B/6fsH+VT2/gHTL2 +lsLXxFNPeQ582CDSZ5HXBwcqoyMEgc0tr8P9Mu72WxtPEklxdw582CLSp3eMA4JZRyACQDk d6Od+f3P/IL+YX3w0jt7lUk8Y+GgWijk/eXe0/MgbgYPy8/Ke64OBnApn4dRA4HjLwsR/wBf 3/2Nak/w2sjq7aXFr002oRwRyyW0WlTSSIrKp5ClsY3AHOMZ7cCqlv4BsL25lsrPX5bm8hz5 tvFpU7SJg7TlRyMEgcgfyp878/uYX8ysPh1CevjLwwPf7dx/Kt/w18N7B72DzvEGmXTtIqqb ObzCOeorFtfAVhfajLp9lrk1zew58yCHSp2dMHByMcYJAOat6J8PbTVNb/s601yWS6ikCzJH ZOHhwwBJyRjB+lEpu2l/uYnJJbm/qvhqxi0x5ILNpiOPL6EDOOyn3NfSPavla4+HkiXENjbv qN9KX2yLFA/7sZOTjaenHcda+qU4AFdEouMIuW7/AK26EUHeLfNfUkoooqToOO+JWf8AhAtS xZi8P7r9wUDBv3qdjxx159K+fP7GvLmUtb6PFkc7DHZBR9cAmvpTxTa3F5oFxb2sbyyOUGEx u++uTyQOBk15W3hXV5LkxjUFhYZItzaMzH8Q3P4UnXw9KyrSt28/uMpVLSsk3+R5xPpt3GpW Xw1Y5IIBaeBBnHXjB/lU7+GNR/suC/i0WwdpriaNrdpFGzaEIbd5mGzvIxjjb712tz4NbVHa C4WSaZOoitlHcf8APQMRVSb4ZxLGpR9QLtI6tCky7RjHJ8tSBnPTjpWdPFUKs+Wm7+rsc8sZ GKvJNfI4O+0jVkUI/h61tz6o0Bz+YJqvb+HL9wd+kO2T0Fyq5/75wK6M+AdRmvpEj0RpSv8A fmJb6nc39Ktf8Ibrrv5NqtxAUGHigIkJ/HoK9BYaMmrSWvmg+vUdHc5hfDepQHjw8qf9dbuL +tbF54WvbKaONvDlvcq0EMhlWVI/meNWZQC3O1iV/wCA9qkX4ea3etOs7TgKPmEsuTwechMj j3NWB8OI9LUtdQ6lMUiSVpra2aQIxRWK8DsTjJx07ULDe848yfo/+AW8ZStdO/kXvhpok9p8 TtHuZNImtFQz5bzFZRmFxzivpMda8Q+GWlXA1yz1Fb/U57eNpF8qSDy0B8thhjg56jHI5/X1 DxfpM2veEdU0m2gtJpry3aKMXbFY1Y9HJCscqfmHHVRyOowqQ5JOPY0p1o1U5R2vbaxPrnhj SvEos/7VhuJfscvnweVdSw7JB0f92y/MOxPIycYya268Sl+DmpKmkSWz2lu8FkkVzBaXzQBb pGjxdRSNBJtd1iTdtRGyv3my2ez8OeENQ0zx7rniK9+wlb3esBjeSWXDOOrMBtXZHCPLJcBg xQxqSpzNi5ZfELRr/wAVHw9Ct2JzcXFrFcNGBFLPAqtLGvO4FQ45ZQpwcE8ZL34haNYeKh4e mW7M4uLe1luFjBiinnVmijbncSwQ8qpUZGSOccvbfDjXrDxlcazZ3enFYL3UtSs/O35kmuok RY5FA+VEZSSwYlhj5Rngufhxr1/4yt9ZvLvTgs97pupXnk78xzWsTo0cakfMjswIYsCoz8px yAakXxf8MSWV9esb6O3trQ3sTtAP9KhExg3RgEkZkAXD7D8wOAMkaB+IVi+iX2qQ6Xqs39nS 3EV9bpHHvtTBzJuYuIzgFSArsWzwDtbbyGgfCa/0pJ4tQh0vVbWLS30qC2lmkjW6R7tpzJIw QmFlDDAUP8wyGGAa25vAN7Z+BNS8P2A06/l1V7qW8kvWlQGaU5SZSxlOY8KNpyWIDbwQdwBr wePLK816LR9P0zUbt59NGqQTRrEsc1uw+VhvkVgSxCYYA5OThfmrQ8J+J7fxfoEWtWVrdW9p M7LD9pCBnCnaWAVmwNwI5weDxjBPIyfD/UpvGFpqWqWmj67Z2ehppqnUZWaSeZPn85laJwpZ sqfmYgMWyT8p5y2+EviBNN8L2F5Y+HbqHRZZJJ2Nwwe9BkaRI2ZrZisal2ynIbcehwQAe4UU UUAFFFFAHxB/aN9t2/8ACQnHvJN6f7lamqy6hpN6kH/CUyHfbW9xnzJ1/wBbEsoHAPTf17+g 6DjhyD0FausaeNN1FIRJ53mW1vcbtu3/AFsKSY6nkb8fUdB0oaTVmLlXYuf23qnfxQ5/7bXH /wATQ+u6qwwfE8rD086c/wA1rnfwo/AVPJHsLlXY7DSL3VNW1vTtM/4SWdBeXMVuHEkrbN7B c4OBxn1H4VnP4i1kjDa9dMCAdrTy1U0DTl1fxBp2mmYQfa7mK383Gdm9gu7GRnGc9R0rNY4b gY/Sl7OHYOVdjZbxJrPH/E6ujjp+/k4p3/CSa0ST/bd39TPLWFn2ozR7OHYOVdj0LQNe1W4t 9SmuPEO9LK1FwRKJHJzLHHgkjIGZAeM9Onpdn8UQxwFf7YgPygBGjeQDH+y3H/664jT7Bb6y 1ScSlfsVstwF253kzRRYHTB/ek9+n41lZ4xgCnGCi7x0B04tWaRp6vqs1/cIz3AnEY2oREIw oznAArOD7k2k8KMDP1/+uaiJz2Ap4AOcnH/66tyb3ZVl0NOawWLQLXUxNuF1cz25i2/d8tYW 3Zz3MuOg+778Z5lJLc43df59/er1xpyx+HrPUvP3faLme3EO37vlpC27Oe/m46D7nfPGTRdg S72+b/a689e9P35JJ4yck5/zz/jVenL35xRdgbGs2J0y9SATCbzLa3n3bNuPNiSXbjJxgvjj 07ZxWUZmOeBz/jmtHXLAaZqEcAm83fa28+7btx5sKSbcZP3d+3/gNZNF2BYMzHdkn5hg8/59 BWv4ajlvvEen2C3P2Y3t1FbmYDJTe4G7qDxnPUVg1q6Bpw1fxBp2mmf7P9ruooPOxny97Bd2 MjOM569qfM+4rXOi8OnUvFviCy0C1bY95IIzJhf3aAbmfHAO1QzYzzjA5NfYp4FfInwWGPi9 oeOB+/8A/SeSvrw0m7sLaWQtFFFIZka8Zf8AhHtS8mdoJfssuyVeqNsOGH0614PceI7uw3iR hdsD8zwwSLIT6k46n617v4lZU8L6u7fdWymJ78bDXg9vdwSgeRbQg+rbwR/44cfpW9F0VpWi pLzVzmr4eNa1+nyEsdXudUn3LDeWy9cOY8fkyk1a1IXNnp8F7d6xCkDzSRiByIQdoU538tzu 7Yxj34pTzGNvMEkxbPAjaYkcH0IHfuKwfEMzNodtfvZXdylzcTQtHImNvlrEdxJUnnzP/Hfy qrKgtKUEl6L/ACM44SEWnYvJ4iSJjsv7DGcgxXUrMv8AwIY/rTT4jtJnPmavHEfZn/8AZuDX mU8sfmkrbCI+hY8fypPtcgTiRvpuP+Nc3W6Rv9Xpfyo9El160LsBrPmlgUJ3OSQQePvVcvdS utOuFiTXtO3PBDP5dwhGPMiSTGMNjG4DOecdq8s80Nncin3Jb/GtfVbaLSdQSDyobjfbW9xu cMuPNhSTbgN237evbtQ0nuN0KT05V9x7f4B1e41DxVY+fdWEpYSFvs8m4k+W3Pzc9uma9wHS vlD4OXkUnxS0aIW0UTt5+DHn/nhJX1fRotEOnSjTVoqwtFFFBoFFFFABRRRQAUUUUAFFFFAB RRRQB8BL35xWprlgNM1COATebvtbefdt2482FJNuMn7u/b/wGvqkfBP4e9vD/wD5O3H/AMco PwT+HpPPh/P/AG+3H/xygD5Aor6//wCFJ/D3/oX/APyduP8A45R/wpP4e/8AQv8A/k7cf/HK APlbQNOTVvEGm6aZ/s/2u6ig87GfL3sF3YyOmc9e1Zb8Hjivr5fgr8PlIK6BgjoRe3HH/kSk /wCFJ/D3/oX/APyduP8A45QB8gUV9f8A/Ck/h7/0L/8A5O3H/wAco/4Un8Pf+hf/APJ24/8A jlAHyvpunJe2WrT+cI/sVqs+3bnzMzRxbeox/rN3f7tZJr6+HwU+HwBA8P8AXr/ptx/8co/4 Un8Pf+hf/wDJ24/+OUAfIFSKAc5OP/119d/8KT+Hv/Qv/wDk7cf/AByj/hSfw9/6F/8A8nbj /wCOUAfK1xp6x+HrPUvP3faLme38nb93y0hbdnPfzcdB9zvnjJr7APwU+HxAB0Dgdvttx/8A HKT/AIUn8Pf+hf8A/J24/wDjlAHyBTl784r69/4Un8Pf+hf/APJ24/8AjlH/AApP4ejp4f8A /J24/wDjlAHytrlgNM1COATebvtbefdt2482FJNuMn7u/b/wGsmvr8/BP4ek8+H8/wDb7cf/ AByj/hSfw9/6F/8A8nbj/wCOUAfIFa2gacmr+INN03z/ALObu6ig87GfL3sF3YyM4znqOlfV P/Ck/h7/ANC//wCTtx/8cpV+Cvw+UgroGCOhF7ccf+RKAPnj4WX8GmfE7QLidJCklwbcBAM7 pUMank9MuCfbPXpX2NXC2fwj8EadfW17Z6IIrm2lWaGT7XOdjqQVOC+DyB1ruqACiiigDD8W Fh4O1woqs/8AZ8+1WOAT5bcE18wSRahIgD6DHMOv7m6cY/JhX1Vqul2+sadPp16jyWtwuyVF keMsvcbkIOD0IzyMg8E1yR+DXgJhg6CSP+v24/8Ai6BHgyy6xHFt/sqK0XgB3ff392Pp+tYW sJeppNrqMuoSn7TczQeQqbFHlLEd3DHOfMx0/h754+lP+FJ/D3/oX/8AyduP/jlB+Cfw+P8A zL//AJOXH/xygZ8hMSeT19c02vr/AP4Un8Pf+hf/APJ24/8AjlH/AApP4e/9C/8A+Ttx/wDH KAPkJe/OK1db08aZfRwJMZd9tbz7tu3HmwpJtxk9N+3/AIDX1R/wpP4ejp4f/wDJ24/+OUH4 J/D0nnw/n/t9uP8A45QB4B8FD/xdzQv+3j/0nkr6/rjNE+F3hDw9q0Gq6VpH2e+g3eXL9pmf buUqeGcg8EjpXZ0AFFFFABRRRQAUUUUAFFFFABRRRQAUUUUAeZfFyfTbW48FXF3JaRTxeIrZ xJMyqyQgkynJ5CA+WWPT7ue1c2/h+/T4i6tf2d/PfWqf2ncXt7pLyG62PFHGlnuClfOidQUj LnGA21OAfcar3EjRQSSRwSTsqFljjKhnIH3RuIGT05IHqRQB4v8ABvW9P0XTLr+0Ljyft13Y Wdv9lRms3me2Xaq4BxcHB84nA3bea4G3/tf/AIRbXfsv277X/wAI+39s+Vv8z7R/ab7vtGOf M8nzM7+dm7+HNe6aV8TtO1azsLxdK1S3tdS8xNPmuFhVLqZCR5IYSEJIxDBQ+0NtODUemfFP StTt7KeLSdYRNQguZ7ANDG7XZtxmSNFSRiH4OAwUHHB6ZAPH9Xz/AGbJv/5Fr+1fEP2Hd/x5 /wDHt/o3lfwf6zzPL2/xbtvOa17zxHeeFPFVvrMUcD6nB4RsRq7XKl5kkaeFHaRMqzyhWT5X dDjBLcAH0G5+Len21hqN9P4d19bTTriS1u5hHblYpUdEZCRN13SJjHXkjIViNe48cxWl3rFp JoOsCTSkjZzthAuBI+yPycy5kLkNgDklSv38KQDyO+Om3erfE64tdT8NOjabBI8gtVkFyxhy 5gIlGwmfYc/P+8KZywGd7wh43Nre+DPCelahoA0+bTIJbsmNVaBygDRBhOA87y7srsBG8Eh/ mr2W3kaWCOSSCSBmQM0chUshI+6dpIyOnBI9CasUAVL/AOyf2fc/2h5P2Hyn+0faMeX5eDu3 5424znPGK+dLaSHV/hL4I0RbzRHzd3sj2moG4JllRn2xjyAWDbZshMhmLRhc5wfpaigDxPUm 8LRfEzwvDdvd6R4jV7SWSKG5LxWiGIxpYRiPKqC5QkFQCjudwDAVF47iHjq80zVvCurw3kt3 apb2MB85ZrJxeJm9RQhZF/dsjSEJgKPmYkLXuNFAHiHhz/kv17/x/f8AH3f9f+Pn/VQf8fP/ AE6f88PfbT/B0+m3eg+J9C0yW0eLUfFkltHbWzLtezcoZAu3hUNvFcbWGPuHad2K9kuJGigk kjgknZULLHGVDOQPujcQMnpyQPUiuN0r4nadq1nYXi6Vqlva6l5iafNcLCqXUyEjyQwkISRi GCh9obacGgDzr4la1p/iLXNA1XSp764sp7VfLljRkkbbexKfsAYAi7yCGyPubav2dqdV+Ivi zUxc6J5j/bLOXVbd7hLjRlSHy1lbzNsYwEAypDMWkKtsRwPQtP8AHtlqXgW48XQaZqX9nxK8 gjYRCWSOM4d1HmYwMNwSCdpwDkZt+F/FcPimOWW306+tY0ihmV7nyiHWVd6gGN2w23axVsMA 6HGGFAHhep6JJpHwn8VyXwsVtJJdNh0xYy3lyzxJGstxBvRN3mKWO9AdwV+WUbjqeMPE0PiZ LCLWrjQINQ07xYtk1tLCHFvCrOJHctIDLAf3e47YgSpBHQj6DooA+ez4kh8F+KviJq0d/oD6 xC9osfl2YAuWZWEqRx+cGU+ZsMhDNgqxKk4A9p8Lahcat4Y0/ULyeymup4g0zWDBoVfPzIpD uDtOVJDHJUnjoNuigAooooAKKKKAOV+I32T/AIVv4j+3eR5X2Cbb5+NvmbT5eM/xb9u3vuxj nFea+Ip9IuPhF4ZmtpY59ZSz05bRYmP2iTbIiulm/IScMMOUVmAVQ6/cx7pRQB4Ppl7Bpnxr 1e/upL6O2tZdQmmcgm5VFhgLG5A5NoAD5GO+2jU72DU/jXpF/ayX0ltdS6fNC4BFyyNDOVNs DyLQgjz8991d9a/E7TpvOlutK1Sxsba/bTbq+uRD5NtcD+GQpIxVclV342ZYZIq5f+PtOsZN XaKy1G/tNIU/bryziV4oZApJiyWBZxgbtoITcN5UAkAHk3jPyRceMF8L+c9s2g25uGsN6lG+ 1ASrdg5Z7gp5pZpCrBPMDKfmao5DCtjpL2cdq5HxAc6KjOEja13jIhYA4g8zbkoCoOOCa9Un +I1nB4gv9IOi6y09hcRQTtFHFJ/rAWRkRZDJICis5CKWCqSQMGnSfEjSreS6tbqw1GDU7e9t rE6a6RmV5Z13RBWVzFggMclxjac44yAeYDxJD408VfDvVpL/AEBNYme7WTzLMEWzKqiJJI/O LMfM3mMllyWUhQcg1NE8Yp4L0TXZdCu/DsmpXPiSa3jhESok0R2+W6kTL5Vuv7zBJdRuAyOW r3jw5r9l4n0Cz1nTWkNpdKWTeu1lIJVlI9QwI4yOOCRzWvQBUsZjcafbT/aoLrzIkfz7cYjl yAdyDLfKeo5PB6nrVuiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAqvP56wStbpHJOFJRJH KKzY4BYAkDPfBx6GrFFAHk2ifD3xHa+HPDmiag2lC20C6fUY2t7mQvdXCu7xIS0QEUeZDuOH JwMAUeBfh74k8FXOkzwtpRxFJa6rGl1IEuIzL5kUygRDMy73X5sjaoAI3HHrNFAHC+E/CV/Z af4osPEMNi9rrd/cXZS1upH+ScYeMkohGAPvDrk8LjnA8O/Cy/0vUvDV9fS2MlzbxNDrDxyy f6SkRjNmEG0AeWYYc/dzt53ZOfWaKACiiigAooooAKKKKAK8/nrBK1ukck4UlEkcorNjgFgC QM98HHoa8u0T4e+I7Xw54c0TUG0oW2gXT6jG1vcyF7q4V3eJCWiAijzIdxw5OBgCvWaKAPIr DwX4807wBbeEIG0FbRbe8guZTdylpxMJNuP3PyBWk3HqW2AZUE57bwP4bHhbwva6e1pa293s Q3X2R2aOWVUWMyDKrgsqKSMDknqcsenooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigDyZPh54jvtI1 rQdSOl2+ma3rT6neT211JLNHGzK/lRq0Sru3RqN5OACflNdHpnh7XfDeq60mjnTriw1W9bUP NvJXWW2mk4k+RVIlQYUqN0Z6qW/irtqKAPPNP8FX6/ETX/E93baX5l1sbTLgSSSSWrpC0OWT amVdWJZQ/BAHJAYQp4F1KefXbm9tNLH9qahb3cNnHdzCOwkjTDXKOiIzTM+CQvllgMGTmvSa KAMPwv4et/CvhnTtEtTujs4ghk5HmOTl3wScbmLHGeM4HFblFFABRRRQAUUUUAFFFFABRRRQ AUUUUAFFFFABRRRQB5//AMLs+Hv/AEMH/klcf/G6P+F2fD3/AKGD/wAkrj/43XyG2Ax2nIzw cUygD6//AOF2fD3/AKGD/wAkrj/43R/wuz4e/wDQwf8Aklcf/G6+QKKAPr//AIXZ8Pf+hg/8 krj/AON0f8Ls+Hv/AEMH/klcf/G6+QKKAPr/AP4XZ8Pf+hg/8krj/wCN0f8AC7Ph7/0MH/kl cf8AxuvkCigD6/8A+F2fD3/oYP8AySuP/jdavh34h+FvFeoSWOh6p9ruY4jMyfZ5Y8ICATl1 A6sPzr4rr2D9nL/koWof9gqT/wBGxUAfT9Fcxd+M9NsPEd9ot9Bd272emtqslyyq0TW6kBmX axfIORgqD8px2zkW/wAVtDurPzltNRW6a4tLeKxaNPNla6QPAVIfywGXJ+Zxjac4OAQDvqK5 X/hPdC/4QL/hNPNn/sny/Mx5R8zdu2bNv97f8vXbnnOOarn4hWL6JfapDpeqzf2dLcRX1ukc e+1MHMm5i4jOAVICuxbPAO1toB2VFcS3xGsjrmn6fBomv3EGovCtpqEVj/osglQSBg5YHAUk txkBG44NbfibxLpfhHQ5tW1W4EVvH8qqvLyueiIO7HB/IkkAEgA26KwNJ8TW+r6/rWix2l1B daQ8Sz+eE2uJAWRkKscgquecEZGRnIGBJ8UbCDw/q+tTaJrCWukXv2G6yICyS52sABLyFYoC R/fGMgMQAd9RVe3kaWCOSSCSBmQM0chUshI+6dpIyOnBI9CasUAFFFFABRRRQAUUUUAFFFFA BRRRQAUUUUAFFFFABRRRQAUUUUAFFFFABRRRQAUUUUAFFFFAHxVo0tnaXgWOUxzoCyXTtHt3 jptDxk88dSKtC/sbq9m1O51OaK6ii2xs3llmk7AIqlduOpJHNaVrrV9rSF9G037MbdlaQJds FbduUnaSFB5znBI25qtqsD65FDc+TJHOuY3hjMs8hyoOQhQKPlxkhgD1FdPLdcsdUZKfWS1M x9I+1215rFuZGszIVh84oJHOep425+nNUpNHntoENxC/mXQ/0eKPazn6g8/lWl4h0iCx+y3d vELa3dU3ruMrhju+Yk/KQdrEYNN/s7Vlntd93cSQKwbzoQWlgDDHK/fX6dDWcqcr2SNFJS1Q 21s/K0x7TULG6s237jdvaB1GegIKZ57Yan3cVtqAWwmv57a4tQscKXyna+ewVUJj/wCBE/Wh 9MMPiCGG21TUnuZ/9XKLYxO2eCPndT2NXZ3szqbLaXLJqLAKzFJjIpA5+aOVtxJHOelOMd9F 8wY2TV9F0uCbTL7wzZ3V1uy12lwVyO23aF2+/rUVx4m0KaG12eD7FHhxvYXEq+Yo68Ajv67q wVufL1R5dTt2vW3YkSSRlLH3PX8+aW2u9PhmmefSo7hHB8tBO6eWfr/FXM6UXLW/3v8AzFyn Rz+MPDk18k58EaeoQ/dW4kXP4LhT+K16P8F9a0fVfHOofYNAttNnNg7F4ZHPyiSMbcE7eSQe FHSvEHurQ2BhGnxi4LZFwsrcD02nivU/2eCh8fXwEe1xpcmTnr+9i7dqXsYJ3Tf3v/MaiewX 3hrWLj4kXOv/AGPS7rTJNFbSvs9xcOGlyxky6+Uy7S3yEZPyndz92sOf4Uyr4bvrOzktBJqF 7aTXdm80xiktIAoW085i7gLgkShQTwNqrgD1aitBnl174E8V3/w6XwddanpclsulRxC58txI LqOZXROOPJCKqbsbiRuI7U//AIQXXE8I+ItMK6Pcz6/e3l3NBNI/l2zTY8tkk2EuUKBsGNck ggrs+b06igDnLbQruKbw6t3e/bYdKtWEkspIkmutiRrN3z8huMgseZAeSARynizwF4j8YeE5 FvdTtINfmt1t5ILc/wCglVuPMyC8bSqSoTdtI3MiZyFFenUUAeP6p8Mdfv8AxTe6076Xeebq FlKIL6dnS5ghhkik81PJ8sSOCpBCHZltpHevffCnWNS8PeJbebTfDv8Aa2raq19b3xmd3to3 cO0YcwbuNuBjAPmMeMYb2iigDzXQfBOp23xOu/Fl/pmiRRzxeXFHaT5a2JGXk/4918yR2z85 ZSFdh8wwK9KoooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiii gAooooAKKKKAPkuCE2+nmKeB7iAjHnbTAFQ7l4AhJQHLdTk/ewM1XS1uFiu55zFNpUKjaYGW QQ7eQIxIvzYzj39T1q/4j0y5sb6O5s7CG5Qspa4S+e5kUkYUF2VTGAGBG5ecrnI4D7C2kuWD 6n4XxZwYZ7mVPMkJ6HLqoDDbluQQdtdSk5KLjLpa2v3djCVSML2V9b9L3Oc2v4n1Iwwpc3Mq qEilZooPzCofc4BPTqa37PwfrVkkyyyGyuImChkgKswI/hYRgvjcwOGGNv4rcgtJNd1FoTrH lw2UvlRFUAVyu0ElV2cHHAUHjOcdWW8uJhbSyW817JcwTKm5I32hk+UE5jbDADdheBniqlTc ZaOz9GrHPPEOT5YHN6lqElojfbZLpLqVAr2iiWOMc87g2MkrjJyc7s1Ze20i7EarFBAksIWR NOm851OcjcNpIXHB2k89atXEd3qloXu9VuoYkdo3Es/38jOzJiUjnb8rcD7w61qabZahaxfb 4vD1reyW+2QpPO9yMHaNpVed+NjDsA/foLlJKm3N2fRW3NG0mu/kzzSeO1bVXSwe5S2LYR5B ukx74AqJLecyym1WWZIwcvGrfd9/QV3t3f61b+LHkbStt6g2vb20sfBPzAfcJ6ZHzZ4zzVX7 X4muby8lTTJCrBmZbj5WRQAGG75d2PlGcHHArmUY2vJ2fY19rK7vb7zmrK4vo9Hu0htd9q2N z/Y1kAI/2yOK9U+AkssniicSTEqdNlxCsIVFxLEMggYJPf8AWuRsLrxNLpt5ZHSpTGHJfcqQ KrELjIYc4+U4BHX5sivQvgzLq0viiVL+wkjhjsJEjlwoQMJIlZQFAAPH/jnHelyxSeo4zk3Z /me8UUUVkahRRRQAUUUUAFFFFABRRRQAUUUUAFFFFABRRRQAUUUUAFFFFABRRRQAUUUUAFFF FABRRRQAUUUUAFFFFABRRRQAUUUUAfJMNrY3CLPpNqzRISzSO0ETlSrZI2twR1znjOMVW/sd be8tZ4LeNmCbriS9RX2s4YgurOFICkZOOD15rYjtte0vSJbW9eC4gM8SQRx3KN5qrtVdhCEF eY+vb+Ebs1CsV9ZQf2dqljY2asy7JpZY5EQ5ZlAK5IGS4BO7AyMr8zV2KrSqR5nJX2t3t8ji dSpHmUreXexTtZZ9N1B4be/h1eQtHIjC+eJnxuyuCcNjHQ/7PX7tdX/alndWCR3OkPBskMar axB03BDlSICQflJHzAn19VzPE2q+U9vB5CLBv/0me3LP84J6rwOTxgk4x90naWZpniMz2dzJ ZxfZIIAP3sjFRK5+ZcgNhclRkk4I7jdis50YVFdpqXTUnmlKKaje/mXReatqt6Lh5xBIko/0 FbYRttK/LguVCndx0XJPf5RVfUbW7tPMj1eWaN7xSpe9IdghKnCxo2QRuPTjO3kfdaFdb0jX LeaG5uEt42ZpHt3EYXdkhRuDJklsvlfoSOpgubXTNPs7gSNdhJlMjQrPbJE7A9oi2QcqM4zn lcLjFWm6dryT6NW1XoZ00oz96Nn6fqc6lxfWniHyxq9zcsU3CSKNpjgocgo5yCFJ681atdc1 6C+1O0Bludxdp2ez8xuRgsQOVGMe1UrZrqbXZpNPW2077PbnfjZIgTAU8gEMTuHX86tWkfiF p9VCXgFwjlZ1KCTLjjg7Sqd/mBAHSs5Rcttvw/4c7+SEtWrsisLq9vtE1KXzZio3u8a2p8li dufmRgAc7eoP8Neo/A/UNRvtZZZo5YrWLTnWFfIYRkeZGAQ5PJ4bgY/SvJ7KDVv+EduII79Y 7aUPI0G0sZFXhsMFPfquR616t8DrXVoPEJNxdJNp7aY7QqnIQmSPAyRnoDxmoknv31HyRunb Y99ooorMsKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAoooo AKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigD5wttB1fU9Snjk1S7SAsBE4urh5TtC8ncecrnkAhelVU8 Fb1I1K/mluBDu8s+eqqx5cNncSGbk4Uc9h0rAvW+xzpdIbWRo5ljjhdpPKSTuI8kNHyuB0Hy em2m6vqd5p1+t3NHKNSwUFzdEnGOSFI2s3XGX3A8gE4rV0ZQb1su1l+Zw+yqNNxla/ka1hGN G0qWztdJM17I673QzYcLwQDgMCe6EDpuxsxUl9NcagYGimmkTTn3XEhMm1ijj+HG1hleu7GM 5APJ57+1JNPsFg1a0hMz7Xln+0ZunyWORtJOQpABbGBuH8VR40yeyjNhczRRw7mljjjdZAjH HTcVLH13D5e1dcJ04wUub3l67/Mt0JOSfU6/RmvLVUmhMaxh3SMSead0jcneHTJAXkP8tUYn hTVmuLm+3SGYK1vYxzxoJiTwWyUBP3T0PJ6daxbbWdDjvI/sf2hbbYYhbywtIwyGGQPMK/xN xgY3VfvrGZoPs7a7DJDHAqrbsqeZGo2kfd24Pyjnn6nrWddUqj51pJ7sl0JNvm2/T8Sz4j8L +I7+RtSha0H2VeFtZXMuM4IBK5JAZQcVmD4b61LdxNqF2jecyrJLFmaRGYcB1OGH48VkvLca 1qgXSEla4aNhIZZQzYAwxEj89D0FZ1sNXi1C9WCVluoyxuN0g5OcHOeDyTWCtFWlr5nbCNOE VFX+T/4B1mj+ENWtYbz7Dewtayo6vdJCJFXaM4OTkdcZAI+bqa7f4J+G7zRfE9zdzz2ktvJY MsTRSsSSXiJwpA445OOuK8Wjvr42VyokUwsxZ1IXGW4JHfP0r1v9n03a+I7hXuo2tHsZXjh8 0Fg3mRAnb1Aok4NaIt8ltn956DqUurn4uanp2k6lPDJceFnuLeOWd3gjuvO8tJPLO5Vxhc4X 14JJzw0Gq+K7TQr+3n1LUSU1fTNPitG1ASS3l35a/ardblXZoQzYbduAXBXCkso9sn8N6Fc3 0t/caJp015KhSS4ktUaR1K7CCxGSCvy49OOlWJdK0650waXPp9pLp4RUFq8KtEFXG0bCMYGB gY4wKyIPJb3xjcwfs+rdWvif7Trx0+OQzZCXIRrhYXO0/N8uWj83uV3A5Oaqatq+qp8J/G8i 6tqSTaN4iltrGdbyQSxxCaNQjSBtzjEjj5y3Uf3Rj2P+wtI/6BNj/wAen2H/AI90/wCPf/nj 0/1f+z09qhl8OaFNpkOmS6Lpz6fC++O1a1QxI3PKpjAPzNyB3PrQBxPiKV4fijo8cfja6s7y a4ikOmO6pa/Y9jKV2thZZZJhtByXAkBC4QGq3xA1K2uptH1DTviBJphunRdOFtOgtHKTD7TL K/3JAqEYRmAyhA3FyK7seFPDq3kV2PD+li5h2eVMLOPfHsACbWxkbQqgY6YGOlRv4N8LzLEk vhvR3SFNkStYREIuS2F+XgbmY4Hck96APPR4vv8Aw58UfEumIk97b3eoWFrai9v5BBbSzQSS bRxIy734AVNoxyVAFczqt94itPA3jm7tr6+MOn6+9tDevrl159uiSoixqmCGXEhBJcZzkglF r2ybwp4cuPtHn+H9Ll+0yieffZxt5sg3Ydsj5m+duTz8x9TUf/CGeF1ge3Xw3o4gdld4hYRb WZQQpI24JAZgD23H1oAyNI8VXknjq78IRaTG1vpkCvPf/bpZSikfulffEN0rKVY5c8bjuYqR XbViWXhPw7pt3HeWGgaXaXUedk0FnHG65BBwwGRkEj8a26ACiiigAooooAKKKxdE19Ne3yQW F7DamKOe3uZ0UR3UUm7a0ZDE9FyVYKwDLkDNAG1RRWPrutjRLGO7Njd3oe4itxHamPcGkcIh O91GCzKvX+IHpkgA2KKKzNF1Zda00XqW09sfNlheGfbvR45GjYHazL95D0JoA06KKyLnWhba wumCwu5pnspbyFozHtl8tkVoxucEPmRPvAL833uDgA16KzNF1Zda00XqW09sfNlheGfbvR45 GjYHazL95D0JrToAKKqaffW+padbX9pJ5ltcxJNE+0jcjAFTg8jII61TXWgdT1PTksbtriwt 4rgAGPFwsm/aIyX67o3X59vI9OaANeiqGkalFrGjWOpwLIkN5bx3EayABgrqGAOCRnB9TUWu 6qmh6He6rNbTzw2cTTSRwbd+xeWI3Mo4GT17cZOBQBqUVmXWqrZ6dDcz2863E+1YbMbWmeUj PlABtpYYOTu2gKzFgoLDLvPF8dnYmZ9I1L7WlxDBLYjyRPEZn2RMcyBGRmIAZWYZyDgq+0A6 eisD/hKLZdHv76e1u4JbB/Kns3CNP5pVWSJdrFHdxJHtCscl1HXIEl74ksbGbRg7b7bVpfJt ryOSMw7yhdASWBO8KQu0HJwOMjIBt0Vj6FrY1uxkuxY3dkEuJbcx3Rj3Fo3KORsdhgMrL1/h J6YJgt/EYvdQtorbStSlsLlisOposZt2wjNu+/vCHaQHKbWJXBIZSQDfooooA+CwpNu5My4z 9w5yT61c06eew238KuskUgAlDqNpI6fMD2qb/hGdcPDaPfg5AybdhyW2jt3YgVJF4f1JlWB9 I1BppgDByUXtzgrz94dx1o5+ty3B9ixrEs2q6fb3S6bKAi489G3AIP7wCgA+4wK5+OdoXO13 VW4baeoreXw74jtU8o6bqghdgjIkUgV88gAgFTkc96t6l4WvLUQyWun3ccbxlszje2Nu4cIu FBAbBPUq3pRKUXq3qLla6GHDDb3u2OH7S9yeI4I7ZSG+rBgf0NRXNrLZ3RjvbSa1BOdjoQ2P bdU76FqvmvG2nXayLnenkNkYODkY4weK0NL8OX1zdGzudIuN25VZ2LRMhJKqOQRyw2/dPSkp JjcZdUc+7Ks5MLOEz8pbqB2zUbgq7KTk56+tdjeeELszTw2Oj6ozQht7yONikHa2DsG4ZB54 z6VmN4U1kQLIbGTDBSOOzNhT+JBH/ATQ2luJQl0Rz9evfs58/EG//wCwVJ/6Nirz5vC+tqdp 0y6DEZUGJvnw4TA9eSK9N+AWl3+neP7xr2zuLcSaVIU86Jk3DzYuRkc0XTBxlu0fSdFcLqXi 3V9O8eapoyWkN7aw6A+rW0MMbrPJIr7BFu3MDuIOMJn5gMHHPI2Hxe1e58P6hePFpbiyl043 OoQq5htobpAXLQhy0jRvlCFcEk9BtILJPaKK89vfHeqaf8Gk8ZXWmQR6i1pHKLbzMxkyOqI/ HO0hlfbnIB2k55rnb/4ra7bxS2cVrp39oW17qtvLctG5ikWyh83KxbwVL7lHLttwTznAAPZK K8jh+LOo3fiKwij061j0+a40u1kiLM0pa9geXesnAATCjaUO7B5XPF/x/wDEfUfCWty2llZ2 kkFnpqalc+duLTK10kHloQQIyAxbcQ/YbeOQD02ivPbT4hfY/HPiHw7rc8GbOWBdPSzs5pJ5 xJE0rAxoXZtigAsAB3OMgVzN/wDFPxDp/h3xLeSixe+0jVGsYgmj3XkSojhGZpRIURiXBALc bcc7wQAe0UVzll4s0+XXI/DslxO+tLEXkQadPCjBchpFLKVEZYEA7iDwAxJGejoAKKKKACii igAry7xJo+pJ4VkfWNIsryaXULKZNMsoJrqDzlmD3E3+qZolkTeGUKwGGOXaVgfUa5DSvEd8 qvc67JawRy3EFpHbW9vKZbO6diDDOQWBHzRBZfkV9wIADISAZK+BdWi1bRr37WjRWjA/Z45x GtmvnvKUhZoXYpsdYSFMO5IlB4IVEi8HarZaU0Nnpmjm/NxYPPfNeyI1+LabzTLKohO2V2HP Ln94csdgzY1L4gx2puNRs4nutLh029nML2U8M32i2kiQrlhnZmXaTswhRiTwQOj1HV3jtdOW yjxdapKILY3MTIsTGJ5S0iHDcJGx2cEthSVyWUA5zxPofi7xLoT27Lo9pdpcNJbCGdnMP7sB JBM8DEOrmQ/IiNgrtkUqd1zwz4WvNI1m4vpo7G3877RJP9kcs11JPMJh5pKLnyfmjRjuLK5O I8lTPqXiO80m78TmaKCe20rS4tRt40BjdsifcjMSwPMHBCjG7GDjJqT6/r1rrcfh6WbTpL+4 eHyr1bV1ijWRLl8ND5pLEfZGGRIv+sBx8uGAIn8JXgutYlWy0qS7uo7mNNTlctNPHNKH8iWM xldqoBGrMZAoRTsKkpWDceB/Fd3oI0q4ttEuI0sL6xjea/c7BPLG8TBRbBR5XlIFChRwNuwA CtiTxnq72Oq3ES2Sf2HaS3N6rQu32vy5rmIrGd48nP2Vjk+ZjzAOduW6fxFqF3pdla3NoYfm v7WCZZYy26OWZIm2kMNrDeCCcjjGOcgA4u68AajcaVrtuLTR0n1K3ug48xttxNcTCVXlPlZz bncsZwxbOf3WcVcm8Hap/wAJDpV5FaaWNPSLyL22M2TJE6OJY3doWe4zJIZMu6q5A3IGzIdz WdV1bTNYsxm1NlPcRwJD9nkLOGZFZ2nyI4SC/wAsbAmTZtVtz4WkPE9/pWoXkGsiGcRWjXIi tLeSN1cGMLBE0jYumYyhQyBcMFDAGRQADE034f6tYnwu2+1iGl28EEsNrcBFjaOQtJLGzW7M TMG+dVMW7G1mcHI2PCHhjUvD+sXktxb6d5E9lbwSXUEzGe6miaTM8qmMDfIJcsd7EFerZyIx 4v1C10/S9T1T7Fa2r3+oWuoLGkkvlpbi5YNG+QTgW3OUO7dkBelVPEvjfVNIuNZMBjMEOkRa hZI+jXUjBmMmVnZWAjGIW++Exv5/1bbgCkfBj+H/AAw1utlDLdW/2QaXBZW7SJLe2xZkuZcI BE0x2pIScBVwZTkEdBJ4O/s/4b3/AIb0WGyF3d2skU0pX7PHLNKu2SUhFbb1JCgYACqMKBi3 N4qtILpdFa8kOsl1tfMTS7h7f7S0QkAyoK42neV8zIXOWGCa09F1H+1tOF0YjDIsssEsYbcF kikaN9rYGV3I2CQCRgkA8AAyJbHxHqU8d1e22l20unypc2EMN1JMssmyWORZXMabVKSAKVUl W+Y7gNhoa34a1jWrK6nms9Llvb2WySeyluX+zLb20xmC7zETIzlmByigBwMHYS/dUUAefTeE dcj0zT/Dem/YrPQ7PUEuBcQXAjn8lZDKiCNoHXcj+WdxYmTy8sQXbEdt4Q12Tw7oGh6nb6dc 2dhcTRz5v33PaNDJAiArAuXEcxBPy58sHILnb6LRQBzOjeHr/TtPtreXWrpXivbq4lMKwkXS yXDyqJN0XB2tg+Xs5LY7EP0TT9X0eOz0gCyOk2MSwxXJkczyxqu1FaPaFRh8uXDMG2nCLv8A k6OigAooooA+Xx+0F4sMTH7NpIcfdAtpOn/fz/OKsj4+eJ3PnNZ6YIAMFEysm7A55YnGe2Pb PeoT+zr4vJydR0L/AL/Sj/2lSf8ADOfjD/oJaH/3/l/+NU0lHRCauXL39oTWiE+w6fZrhvm8 6NjuHt8/yn25+pqaf9oPVCYRbaZbB+fNWXIGfRTnjHqQc+i1mj9nbxgvTUtE9P8AXzf/ABqn /wDDPHi7ZtN9oJOfvGebP/ouolFN3DokRyftBeL0Yp9l0XOfvJC5/wDalKf2gfFjlFW30k4H P7hxn8TJx9ae/wCzt4sJGzUNEVe4NxKef+/VIv7O/jFCdmp6IuRg4nl5/wDIVUG7uXl+PHiS GSVry00cQEMYvs581we2f33pSt+0DqzGXyrWwLbyUEluyAJzjnzTz93tWb/wzl4v/wCgjof/ AH/m/wDjVH/DOXi//oI6H/3/AJf/AI1SaT3GtC1H+0Fr+2Z3sLAktmGNI3AUe7bjnsMYHXqO ld18L/iheeNtcuNNvI4lljszcfuoSijDqpGS5J+8Ow6dq88/4Zy8X/8AQR0P/v8Ay/8Axqu4 +FXws13wJ4nutU1O606aCWye3VbaR2YMXRsncijGEPf0ppJbAegXHhCKfxfJ4mTVtRgvXszY qkfkmNIjzgBoych/nySeeDlflqO88C6ZfacsEk98LpdQj1MX3nbpvtaBVEuGBT7qgbNuwDgK MDHVUUAcL/wq3Qv7C/sL7Xqv9k/YPsX2P7WfL3eb53n7cf67fzn7uONuOKjuPhTod1Z+S13q K3TXF3cS3yyJ5srXSFJwwKeWAy4HyoMbRjByT31FAHEr8MfDqa1aalCt3Elu9q4tFmzE8lsj RwOxIL5VWxgMAcDcDzmve/CrRdQitU1DUNZvGjt/stxNcXQeS8g88TiOViucBxwU2tjjPSu+ ooA4W++GWm6jrF5qkuq6ol7c6hbah5qND+6kgV1iCgxkbQHxhgSdoyTzmOT4XWE/h/V9Fm1v WHtdXvft11kwBnlzuYgiLgMwQkD+4MYBYHvqKAOQ0nwJBpHiq68RjV9RutQvEVLlrhLbEqqu 1R8sKlQMKcKVyVXOcV19FFABRRRQAUUUUAFcbd+D7mLQ7qztb6e/vbyKK0bUNSnHnW0Ue4xS J5cY3yRuxdc7WLHJkGBjsq8q0469Z2GoahpFtrE09hPqYMl7fvdQXkcTzpDDHEZWfeHWEZ2I SEb5juwwB1V/4GsL2KC2S9vrWxg0uXSUtYWjKCCRQrcujPuwkeDu/gHq27Q1LSrm5tdNkguf OvtNlFxC9zhVnfyniYSbFG3csj8qPlYg7SBtNC3h0rSJItXXWtVvmntWfy1upbsXSs0eZkgT cOCV5iVVUSHgDGJItZudb1CWxtNMkOlh/s15dNcvbXELPbiYFY9oYDEka53K6sx+Ubc0AWLj wxbXep6pd3d1dzwanZLY3FmxQReUN2ApVQ4P7yTnd/GfRcVm8IRPIbuXVtSl1RWRotRbyRLE EWRVVVEYiIxNMPmQn94eeF24nhjxbeN4Z0aSa1+020UWn2d7dy3RM7XE8UBVlQqQ65uI9zF1 P3+DgbjVPEN/qPhu11qSxnsbA3emXdlPaXUkkk8UtwqskkSKDu8thmP51JcAFitAGu/gewe3 eGO9vo47mNodQCtH/p6M8kjCTKHblppj+68v/WHGAF26Gs6A2tWZtpNVvrZftcV0jQCLKGMq yqN0bfLvQPzk54zt+Wq48QXCeE7PWLixgS5u/IWO3huxNHvnkVIgZguCuXQsyg4Gdu/Azn3P i7VLKG7e70OCJ9NtDfakgvt2yDfKFMJEf7xmWB22t5eNygnJO0A2LzQTqGorPdapfPaLLHML DEQhDxlWQ7hH5nDqr/f5Iwfl+Wq6+ErW4kaTWrqfXMxGFE1GKBkRGZHYbI40VstHGfmBxsGM c5oN4t1U6/NpS6HB8moPYpcNfYR3+yG5j4EZYZUYfj5dw2mTnFbw54o127tPCtvd6ZBcT6pp QvJbtLsKE2mLezJ5YxlZVIC5+c7cBR5lAFmX4c6KdOgsLYz2VtBdXF6kdosUeJ5Q4WQHZkNE H/dkY27UznaMWL3wYuof2p9p13VW/tLT49PuMC3H7tM8j91wx3y5PT942AMLtz7DV7/TvE2t 6esP2qC51VoLJp76Rik5so7jyyGVtkJ2yHKk7S2AmOa0PC3ii88STzt/ZkEFpBFEs0i3ReSO 6ZFeS3aMxrho92GOeuBjduVABLzwtdS6guqR69qst3DFGkcDyQRRyeWVfazLCWRZHUGTZ94Y GCqqo1NH0ltKtY4WvHkJeeaZQiqkks0plZgOWUBmYKNxwGwSxANchpSS6Zp0GoW17qU19Jrk 1gsNzfzXKzQC9eJlCSO3KQqX3Lhh5RJJXeDoaLZQaxp2k6vqWq6jDqV6jC4t4tRlhjMzROJL cRBgFMfz8KBIphyzFgxIB21FeXeCdHurzwrb614h1TVbOH7IkjOuuTtHcwNBFIZpGdsxMHDn 5DHgZU7l5axPpV1J4G08z6hrkOp3+yK1gOoTpLZvcSljuwweZoI3yRIT8tuThMuaAPSaKKKA CiiigAooooAwPFvia18I+HbrWLxJHjhU7FVHIeTB2KzKrbAzYXcRgEj1FUF+I3hcX7WDXl1F dI6xtDLp1xGwdkLomGjHzsqnavVsYUE8VqeKPDlp4t8O3WiX8s8drc7N7wMA42urjBII6qO1 YY+HNnI2vtda1rF1JrtukF6zSRRlti7UZfLjXBC5GPusCQwagCp4n+JNrZaPp0+hn7TNfaqu mM8lpO/2Vg2JPMiAV/MA6REqzZyMgGuc0f4n+ItS1SzjuDo9lCdXXSrhJtPvgXcbAfLl27Q7 EyERyBSgC7s8mt+D4R6ZawRQQa5rMMEWpDVY441tVVLoDAcAQYAA42/d9qk/4VRZf9DFrn/I V/tnrbf8fn/PT/Uf+O/d9qAOm0fxTo3iKS5TSbz7V9mwXdYnCMCzoGRyArrujcblJHynmtus Hwz4WtvCti2n6fd3b6ers1vazFGW3DOzlUYKHIy38bMeBz1zvUAcx4q8Qy6JcaFBDPawtqGp RWzG6gmdXRjhkRo1IWU5G3eQDhvQ45G++Jl7PruvW+g3OnXVhY6HNqltcPaS4eSGTY6bt6iV DtcB0wMkfe2nPZ+J/CkPin+zftGoXtp/Z92t5D9k8rmZfuMd6Nnbzx0OTkHjHORfCDR7Vp1s 9X1i0hlsptO8iNoGVLWWRpGiBeJmxuc/MSW/2qANPRPiDo97baLbX99BFq1/a2skkMcb+Wks 0W9Yy+CqM2G2ozbiAMZyM9lXA6d8KtE03VbTUIrm7kubZLdN9xDbSlxBxHy0JKEKFXMZQkKp PzfMe+oAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACqGm6Tp2jW7W+mWFrZQM5do7aFY lLYAyQoAzgAZ9hV+igChZ6Tp2n3NzcWWn2ltPdvvuZIYVRpmyTlyBljlicn1PrUd3oWkahdr d3ul2VxdCJoBNNbo7iNgQybiM7SGYEdDuPrWnRQBj23hvQ7G4tri10XToJ7VClvJFaorRKSx IQgZUEu5IH94+ppV8N6Gt09wui6cJnuFunkFqm5plJKyE4yXBZiG6jcfWteigChFpWnW2mHS 4NPtItPKMhtUhVYirZ3DYBjBycjHOTVZfDehJHZIuiacFsHL2ai1TFuxYMTHx8hLAHIxyM1s UUAZC+G9DW6e4XRdOEz3C3TyC1Tc0yklZCcZLgsxDdRuPrSW3hvQ7G4tri10XToJ7VClvJFa orRKSxIQgZUEu5IH94+prYooAz5tMt5biW8jjjh1B7c2y3scSGdEJzgMyngN82CCM9QaNL06 LSbFbSEyOA7yPJIQWeR3Lu5wAMszM2AABnAAGBWhRQBkad4a0LSJ2uNL0XTrGdlKNJa2qRMV yDglQDjIBx7CpH0LSJLy6u5NLsnuruIwXMzW6F5oyACjtjLLgAYPHArTooAoRaVp1tph0uDT 7SLTyjIbVIVWIq2dw2AYwcnIxzk1PJBDLJA8kMbtC++JmUEo20rlfQ7WYZHYkd6sUUAV44IY pJ3jhjRpn3ysqgF22hct6naqjJ7ADtViiigAooooAKKKKACiiigDy/4x/wBj/wDFHf2p9h/5 D9vv+1bP+Pfnzs7v+Wf3N3b7ue1eeeJRprX8S2smmx+GD4ntRo73SK9uqbG+2mNWIJt/N2bg pEZPQivpOigD5w12LQJPgvrLXCwQeILG/khewknVhp88lxGZYrdQAFjYQsyhd2B5g3HD103i 3wtoeh6hpepaDpulS6Z4iik0Z7ZgTBJJcEzW8q7MEL5gGWDZVAuwDAx7TRQB5V8K9JiuG+03 un6aLzw4jaHHJBCF2zRySGaRTjJDq8R3HncZcBQ53eq0UUAFFFFABRRRQAUUUUAFFFFABRRR QAUUUUAFFFFABRRRQAUUUUAFFFFABWRc60LbWF0wWF3NM9lLeQtGY9svlsitGNzgh8yJ94Bf m+9wca9eTeKfB9+JdTkOmWN//aNrf2a3CrJJczyzsstv5iiIqqwtGsau8gVRhspgLQB6Tqmo xaTYtdzCRwHSNI4wCzyO4REGSBlmZVySAM5JAyaZpOrJq0U/+jz2txbS+TcW8+3fE+1XAJRm U5R0b5WP3sHBBA4WfwBqUN29vp9po8enG3vLVnEjRSTW89ws/wBnKrEQiAB4QQxKiQuoBGwy S/DNL2z8iaCysIbjz7aa2swsgt7SQrKY4neL5m+0Rh1LKAgmkCgFUYAHpNZkerJJq82nQW88 zQeX50yBfLiLq7BSS2dwCrlQCQJYzjBJHCXPw9uX8iZdI0Ce6kRrjUmmd1F7PJcpPJC2IyfI UqShbc2VjUjb5gexrHhq5vtYRIzJDq9xe3d29/bwPstIHtJbWMpKQo34S2LIH3FgWGFAIAO6 vr2DTrSS6upPLhTAJCliSSAqqoyWYkgBQCSSAASaxX8Y2w0e01hNN1KSwmskv5rhY0C2sDLu 3PlxuIUMSse9hjp8y7su08EyyeaWWHw/D50EsVlorJJCJIvM/esJIQhZjInHl5BgjbdkDbGP Cusr4L0rw08Wm3Jt7KOP+057giWynClRLAiw4JjByjbkY45IOWIB31Z+qajFpNi13MJHAdI0 jjALPI7hEQZIGWZlXJIAzkkDJrlbjwZc3UuuXjR2Iu5ruG804SASFJ4GZ43km8sSbWJClMts TcqMFYBb58H2eneFhpGiQwQMl3De/MojE80cySneUXC7zGFyq4UEbVwoWgCRfF8TyC0i0nUp dUVnWXTl8kSxBFjZmZjIIiMTQn5XJ/eDjhttyfxHZppWn6haxz3y6ls+wxQKFe43RmQY8wqF +RWb5iv3cdcA87f+EdY1OK9cPa6dqGoXDzNe2t5PvsP3MUQWMoIzMG8lWIYooO3KvsGde90O 5t4tHh0a2tVg0V0ezgnuXUSAQywGNm2MVCrIrBvnLEEED71AD5PF2mQWFjO5uBJeXYs0ttu6 RJfOED7sEgKkjBWfJXOMFiy7r+palJpxiW30u+1CWXJ8u0CDaBjJLSMiDkjjduOSQCAxHI3f gC9ubSCZNZntb/7UtxJHF5bwxhr77U4QvEzbhkAEbQ5ij3LgYHQeIYvEd3ELbSoLIQNLid3v 5IJXh2jhWWJtjFiwJGSFGVIZgUAI4fGmm3TwyWsF1Pp8jwRtfqiiKOSdUaJGVmEmWEsXIQge YMkYbaW3jG2u0VotO1Ei4t/tNhiNGN9FuRd8YVyUGZYv9b5eA+TgKxXLtfC+rxxCzePS4rW5 u7G/uXtndBbyW624MMMWzDRk2wAYupAf7p2/MWHh/wAR6XaWQtk0trrR9LfTNPaW4kKXG4wj zZQI8x4EAOxS+dxG4Y3EA6fSdXTVIpz9nntbi2l8m4t59u+J9quASrMpyjo3ysfvYOCCAVT8 M2Gp2FlcrqUdqlxLcGTzIJ2meUFEBeV2RMuWDcKqqqhFUAKBRQBv0UUUAFFFFABRRRQAUUUU AFFFFABRRRQAUUUUAFFFFABRRRQAUUUUAFFFFABRRRQAUUUUAFFFFABRRRQAUUUUAFFFFABR RRQAUUUUAFFFFABRRRQAUUUUAFFFFAH/2Q== --------------070705020907070407060709-- From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 8100 invoked from network); 11 Apr 2002 17:40:58 -0000 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 11 Apr 2002 17:40:58 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 16752 invoked from network); 11 Apr 2002 17:40:57 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 11 Apr 2002 17:40:57 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16vjtE-0006q5-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Thu, 11 Apr 2002 20:05:48 +0100 Received: from hestia.herts.ac.uk ([147.197.200.9]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16vjtD-0006q0-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Thu, 11 Apr 2002 20:05:48 +0100 Received: from gemini ([147.197.200.44] helo=gemini.herts.ac.uk) by hestia.herts.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.22 #1) id 16viMJ-0005Kk-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Thu, 11 Apr 2002 18:27:43 +0100 Received: from [147.197.232.252] (helo=rsch-15.herts.ac.uk) by gemini.herts.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #1) id 16viMJ-0000ni-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Thu, 11 Apr 2002 18:27:43 +0100 Message-ID: <5.1.0.14.0.20020411181836.00aa49f8@gemini.herts.ac.uk> X-Sender: mj9ar@gemini.herts.ac.uk X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1 Date: Thu, 11 Apr 2002 18:22:07 +0100 To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org From: "James Moritz" Subject: Re: LF: Forwarded message from YL3DW In-reply-to: <3CB585CB.38C779C9@diolog.de> References: <5.1.0.14.0.20020411132211.00aadae0@gemini.herts.ac.uk> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Dear LF Group, Ahh.. so that's where - Latvia. Thanks for the info, and the map. Cheers, Jim Moritz 73 de M0BMU From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 2675 invoked from network); 11 Apr 2002 17:38:42 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 11 Apr 2002 17:38:42 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 15027 invoked from network); 11 Apr 2002 17:38:40 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 11 Apr 2002 17:38:40 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16vk11-0006rI-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Thu, 11 Apr 2002 20:13:51 +0100 Received: from imo-d09.mx.aol.com ([205.188.157.41]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16vk0l-0006qf-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Thu, 11 Apr 2002 20:13:49 +0100 Received: from DL4YHF@aol.com by imo-d09.mx.aol.com (mail_out_v32.5.) id l.cf.157b1523 (4405) for ; Thu, 11 Apr 2002 13:34:50 -0400 (EDT) From: DL4YHF@aol.com Message-ID: Date: Thu, 11 Apr 2002 13:34:50 EDT Subject: Re: LF: Phase meter for propagation experiment To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/html; charset=windows-1252 X-Mailer: AOL 6.0 for Windows XP DE sub 50 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Content-transfer-encoding: 8bit Hello Jim, Brian, and group,

Jim wrote:

>>Signals like MSF have on-off keying.  Feeding this signal into a digital
divider , the counting process will come to a stop when the signal level
falls below some threshold, so output from the divider will start and stop
at points in the cycle which depend on the amplitude of the input. So the
effect of dividing this signal to an audio frequency will be to introduce
more or less random jumps in phase each time the signal is keyed, even
though the original signal is phase coherent. Can the calibration software
cope with this?
<<

No, the calibration software cannot cope with phase jumps. I am not sure if MSF uses 100% on-off keying. If so, an additional PLL and a stable 60kHz oscillator with a narrow tuning range must be added before the digital frequency divider. This PLL then fills out the "gaps" if there are any.

DCF77 does not use 100% on-off keying, the amplitude is only reduced to 25% during the short "gaps". But a PLL help here also as a narrow input filter.The loop filter should have a lowpass filter with < 1 Hz bandwidth so the PLL does not unlock.



>> Also, what signals do you plan to monitor? I expect the FSK and PSK signals
would be quite difficult, because both receiving stations would have to
track all the phase variations at the modulation rate, and store a vast
amount of data to allow the relative phase to be compared - a high degree
of timing accuracy (<1ms) would also presumably be required. Stations like
DCF39 would be much easier since they are CW most of the time, but even
here there is a jump in the phase every few seconds, so timing accuracy of
the order of 1 second would be required for the two RX stations to compare
the phase - still needing some work to achieve.
<<

Not only difficult but almost impossible to observe FSK and PSK signals this way, because the phase meter uses a very narrow bandwidth (the phase meter's bandwidth can be set between 10 Hz to 41 milliHertz). So it only makes sense for a signal with a 'coherent' carrier. Maybe a well-equipped amateur can provide such a signal at the upper end of the band.

To check the system without the need for such a test signal, observing DCF77, MSF, or one of the AM longwave broadcasters like Droitwich or DLF (Deutschlandfunk) may be a start (though I don't know about DLF's carrier accuracy).

To monitor DCF39 for a long time and compare the results from several receiving sites will indeed be complicated because of the random phase jumps. The data would need to be logged in a file (not too complicated) with an electronic timestamp and a program (possibly a spreadsheet) would have to be written to subtract the phase values collected by a receiver close to DCF39 from the logged phase values recorded by "DX" stations. To me, this sounds a bit like overkill. For a start, take some phase plots (with phase jumps) and compare them visually. If they look good and 'say something', a more complex system like the one mentioned above can be attempted...  

Regards,
Wolf.


P.S: I visited the Trimble website today looking for the low-cost "Lassen SK II" GPS receiver. There seem to be no distributors in this region, only two in the Frankfurt/Main area. Anyone  in northern DL / PA know other sources for this interesting modules, and thinks about buying one ? From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 5963 invoked from network); 11 Apr 2002 13:27:53 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 11 Apr 2002 13:27:53 -0000 Received: (qmail 18516 invoked from network); 11 Apr 2002 13:27:51 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 11 Apr 2002 13:27:51 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16vg64-0006GM-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Thu, 11 Apr 2002 16:02:48 +0100 Received: from hugo.fen-net.de ([212.204.115.10] ident=root) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16vg63-0006GG-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Thu, 11 Apr 2002 16:02:47 +0100 Received: from DEFAULT (dialin-nbg-120.fen-net.de [212.204.116.120]) by hugo.fen-net.de (8.9.1/8.9.1) with SMTP id PAA03852 for ; Thu, 11 Apr 2002 15:25:27 +0200 (MET DST) Message-ID: <000801c1e15d$1c6258e0$7874ccd4@DEFAULT> From: "Walter" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: Re: LF: Forwarded message from YL3DW Date: Thu, 11 Apr 2002 15:30:45 +0200 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.72.2106.4 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-MIME-Autoconverted: from 8bit to quoted-printable by hugo.fen-net.de id PAA03852 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: YL is Lithuania, at the baltic sea. Not so big dx, hi. 73 Walter DJ2LF -----Ursprüngliche Nachricht----- Von: James Moritz An: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Datum: Donnerstag, 11. April 2002 14:57 Betreff: Re: LF: Forwarded message from YL3DW >Dear LF group, > >Very pleased to be copied by YL3DW during the weekend - I hesitate to ask, >but exactly where is YL? I'm not exactly an expert on all this DXing stuff, >in case you hadn't noticed... > >The RU6LWZ expedition certainly seems to have woken up some new parts of >the world to LF amateur radio - let's hope it invigorates those who have >become a bit jaded with 136kHz. > >Cheers, Jim Moritz >73 de M0BMU > > > From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 9098 invoked from network); 11 Apr 2002 13:12:03 -0000 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by exhibition.plus.net with SMTP; 11 Apr 2002 13:12:03 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 24782 invoked from network); 11 Apr 2002 13:11:58 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 11 Apr 2002 13:11:58 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16vfle-0006BC-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Thu, 11 Apr 2002 15:41:42 +0100 Received: from ns3.swh.sk ([192.108.125.37]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16vflc-0006B7-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Thu, 11 Apr 2002 15:41:40 +0100 Received: from hermes.swh.sk (hermes.swh.sk [192.108.125.60]) by ns3.swh.sk (8.11.0/8.11.0) with ESMTP id g3BC7Nj15473 for ; Thu, 11 Apr 2002 14:07:23 +0200 Received: from btss101a.swh.sk (btss.swh.sk [139.24.136.15]) by hermes.swh.sk (8.9.3/8.9.2) with ESMTP id PAA15660 for ; Thu, 11 Apr 2002 15:03:24 +0200 (MET DST) Received: by btss.swh.sk with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) id ; Thu, 11 Apr 2002 15:03:21 +0200 Message-ID: <29BDD4F529FCD311B631009027357C4E04D69A21@btss103a.swh.sk> From: "Gasparik Richard" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: RE: LF: Forwarded message from YL3DW Date: Thu, 11 Apr 2002 15:03:20 +0200 MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-2; format=flowed Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Latvia, near Baltic sea. Look on http://www.hamradio.lv hamradio site. Rich OM2TW -----Original Message----- From: James Moritz [mailto:j.r.moritz@herts.ac.uk] Sent: Thursday, April 11, 2002 2:36 PM To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: Re: LF: Forwarded message from YL3DW Dear LF group, Very pleased to be copied by YL3DW during the weekend - I hesitate to ask, but exactly where is YL? I'm not exactly an expert on all this DXing stuff, in case you hadn't noticed... The RU6LWZ expedition certainly seems to have woken up some new parts of the world to LF amateur radio - let's hope it invigorates those who have become a bit jaded with 136kHz. Cheers, Jim Moritz 73 de M0BMU From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 24026 invoked from network); 11 Apr 2002 12:51:18 -0000 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 11 Apr 2002 12:51:18 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 4117 invoked from network); 11 Apr 2002 12:51:17 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 11 Apr 2002 12:51:17 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16vfQP-00066i-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Thu, 11 Apr 2002 15:19:45 +0100 Received: from hestia.herts.ac.uk ([147.197.200.9]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16vfQO-00066d-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Thu, 11 Apr 2002 15:19:44 +0100 Received: from gemini ([147.197.200.44] helo=gemini.herts.ac.uk) by hestia.herts.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.22 #1) id 16vdtU-0006ZC-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Thu, 11 Apr 2002 13:41:40 +0100 Received: from [147.197.232.252] (helo=rsch-15.herts.ac.uk) by gemini.herts.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #1) id 16vdtU-0001Fu-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Thu, 11 Apr 2002 13:41:40 +0100 Message-ID: <5.1.0.14.0.20020411132211.00aadae0@gemini.herts.ac.uk> X-Sender: mj9ar@gemini.herts.ac.uk X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1 Date: Thu, 11 Apr 2002 13:36:07 +0100 To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org From: "James Moritz" Subject: Re: LF: Forwarded message from YL3DW In-reply-to: <20020410174817.C461EB6DC@xmxpita.excite.com> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Dear LF group, Very pleased to be copied by YL3DW during the weekend - I hesitate to ask, but exactly where is YL? I'm not exactly an expert on all this DXing stuff, in case you hadn't noticed... The RU6LWZ expedition certainly seems to have woken up some new parts of the world to LF amateur radio - let's hope it invigorates those who have become a bit jaded with 136kHz. Cheers, Jim Moritz 73 de M0BMU From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 29766 invoked from network); 11 Apr 2002 12:00:07 -0000 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by exhibition.plus.net with SMTP; 11 Apr 2002 12:00:07 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 12011 invoked from network); 11 Apr 2002 12:00:01 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 11 Apr 2002 12:00:01 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16veZz-0005x5-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Thu, 11 Apr 2002 14:25:35 +0100 Received: from hestia.herts.ac.uk ([147.197.200.9]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16veZy-0005x0-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Thu, 11 Apr 2002 14:25:34 +0100 Received: from gemini ([147.197.200.44] helo=gemini.herts.ac.uk) by hestia.herts.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.22 #1) id 16vd30-0005O9-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Thu, 11 Apr 2002 12:47:26 +0100 Received: from [147.197.232.252] (helo=rsch-15.herts.ac.uk) by gemini.herts.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #1) id 16vd2z-0007WC-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Thu, 11 Apr 2002 12:47:25 +0100 Message-ID: <5.1.0.14.0.20020411120944.00ab2278@gemini.herts.ac.uk> X-Sender: mj9ar@gemini.herts.ac.uk X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1 Date: Thu, 11 Apr 2002 12:41:42 +0100 To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org From: "James Moritz" Subject: Re: LF: Phase meter for propagation experiment In-reply-to: <123.edc5b81.29e5d215@aol.com> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Dear Wolf, Alan, LF Group, I think I can set up this kind of experiment and leave it running fairly easily - but a couple of queries: Signals like MSF have on-off keying. Feeding this signal into a digital divider , the counting process will come to a stop when the signal level falls below some threshold, so output from the divider will start and stop at points in the cycle which depend on the amplitude of the input. So the effect of dividing this signal to an audio frequency will be to introduce more or less random jumps in phase each time the signal is keyed, even though the original signal is phase coherent. Can the calibration software cope with this? If not, a signal with a continuous carrier will be needed for the reference - perhaps Droitwich on 198kHz will do. Also, what signals do you plan to monitor? I expect the FSK and PSK signals would be quite difficult, because both receiving stations would have to track all the phase variations at the modulation rate, and store a vast amount of data to allow the relative phase to be compared - a high degree of timing accuracy (<1ms) would also presumably be required. Stations like DCF39 would be much easier since they are CW most of the time, but even here there is a jump in the phase every few seconds, so timing accuracy of the order of 1 second would be required for the two RX stations to compare the phase - still needing some work to achieve. Cheers, Jim Moritz 73 de M0BMU From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 5098 invoked from network); 10 Apr 2002 23:48:48 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 10 Apr 2002 23:48:48 -0000 Received: (qmail 24523 invoked from network); 10 Apr 2002 23:48:47 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 10 Apr 2002 23:48:47 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16vT9K-0004LW-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Thu, 11 Apr 2002 02:13:18 +0100 Received: from mail.mcf.com ([165.254.158.18]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16vT9I-0004LR-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Thu, 11 Apr 2002 02:13:17 +0100 Received: from parissn2 (193.252.108.181) by mail.mcf.com with ESMTP (Eudora Internet Mail Server 3.1.2d4) for ; Wed, 10 Apr 2002 19:35:13 -0400 Message-ID: <001d01c1e0e8$67b452f0$0700000a@parissn2> From: "Stewart Nelson" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org References: <184.68a466b.29e60cd0@aol.com> Subject: LF: Re: Re: Phase meter for propagation experiment Date: Thu, 11 Apr 2002 01:35:30 +0200 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hi Wolf and all, > The SNR of the LORAN lines in the receiver's passband makes it difficult > to track them, and as I understand it I need two of them separated by a > couple of Hertz to use them to calibrate both sample rate and LO drift. There are a couple of hundred such lines in SSB bandwidth; the total power is a robust signal which is easy to track. You need not process separate "lines". Each LORAN pulse group produces a damped audio waveform, whose shape depends on the instantaneous LO phase when the pulse hits. If you frequency shift the audio (in software) so that the effective LO is a multiple of 2*GRI, then the pulses all line up. A software PLL maintains that alignment, which also stabilizes the signal being measured, except for sound card drift. The software also needs to measure the apparent GRI, and adjust the demodulation of the signal under test accordingly. Sorry that the TV thing won't work. Probably the result of meeting the EMI emissions regulations :) For the GPS scheme, you do need to know the effective LO frequency within, say, +/- 0.4 Hz. There are a number of ways of (manually) measuring it (once). The "calibration" doesn't have to be right - you can set the receiver dial to one value, and tell the software the true value. You are also correct in that fairly good stability is needed, perhaps within a couple of tenths of a Hertz per minute. However, anyone serious about QRSS already has better stability than that. 73, Stewart KK7KA From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 24625 invoked from network); 10 Apr 2002 21:51:39 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by exhibition.plus.net with SMTP; 10 Apr 2002 21:51:39 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 3405 invoked from network); 10 Apr 2002 21:51:31 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 10 Apr 2002 21:51:31 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16vRTI-00044z-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Thu, 11 Apr 2002 00:25:48 +0100 Received: from imo-d08.mx.aol.com ([205.188.157.40]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16vRTB-00044u-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Thu, 11 Apr 2002 00:25:42 +0100 Received: from DL4YHF@aol.com by imo-d08.mx.aol.com (mail_out_v32.5.) id l.184.68a466b (3853) for ; Wed, 10 Apr 2002 17:46:57 -0400 (EDT) From: DL4YHF@aol.com Message-ID: <184.68a466b.29e60cd0@aol.com> Date: Wed, 10 Apr 2002 17:46:56 EDT Subject: LF: Re: Phase meter for propagation experiment To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/html; charset=windows-1252 X-Mailer: AOL 6.0 for Windows XP DE sub 50 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Content-transfer-encoding: 8bit Hi Stewart and group,

Thanks for the suggestion.

The  SNR of the LORAN lines in the receiver's passband makes it difficult to track them, and as I understand it I need two of them separated by a couple of Hertz to use them to calibrate both sample rate and LO drift.


Stewart wrote-
>> (...)  turn on the TV and the flyback's
ninth harmonic of 15625 will be at 140.625 kHz.  It may
be somewhat out of the receiver's passband, but should be
strong enough to be trackable.  For calibrating the sample
rate, use the field rate modulation inevitably present.
<<

I am not sure what the field rate modulation is; in german we have the "Bildablenkfrequenz" (~ frame rate?), I guess it has something to do with the field rate modulation. Looking at the spectrum radiated from my TV set: sidebands at 15575 Hz and 15675 Hz, about 25dB weaker than the main peak at 15625 Hz. The 140.625 kHz TV sync harmonic received with a TS850 tuned to 136kHz is very weak, and the 'sidebands' are too weak to be useful (may be different in other parts of EU where a wider IF filter can be used, but impossible here - almost in DCF39's neighbourhood).
But the idea is great and I will try it on other frequencies, for example on 60 kHz  to compare the phase of MSF against 4*15.625=62.5 kHz (asked Mr Fourier why the 62.5 kHz signal from the TV is so strong, he said 'because your TV flyback transformer does not produce a square wave' ;-)


>> If one has a GPS with a 1 PPS output, you can get really
accurate results.  Again, no special hardware is needed.
Couple the 1 PPS directly into the Rx antenna input (along
with the desired signal) and do the rest in software
(G3PLX algorithm).
<<

The GPS method sounds very interesting, it looks like Andy's info about the cheap GPS modules came at the right time, in fact I received it directly after posting the 'propagation experiment' suggestion. Though I don't know Peter's algorithm (except for the fact that he is experimenting in that field), I guess the maximum 'LO error' must be significantly less than 1 Hz, and the drift only very slow  - may be tough for some receivers, especially the older ones with a couple of independent oscillators affecting the conversion.

Regards,
 Wolf   DL4YHF









From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 21041 invoked from network); 10 Apr 2002 20:58:44 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by exhibition.plus.net with SMTP; 10 Apr 2002 20:58:44 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 6367 invoked from network); 10 Apr 2002 19:21:54 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 10 Apr 2002 19:21:54 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16vNl5-0003Sd-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Wed, 10 Apr 2002 20:27:55 +0100 Received: from nat6.excitenetwork.com ([63.236.75.8] helo=xmxpita.excite.com) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16vNkA-0003SV-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Wed, 10 Apr 2002 20:26:58 +0100 Received: by xmxpita.excite.com (Postfix, from userid 110) id C461EB6DC; Wed, 10 Apr 2002 13:48:17 -0400 (EDT) To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: LF: Forwarded message from YL3DW From: "john sexton" MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Sender: computernetworks@excite.com X-Mailer: PHP Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Message-ID: <20020410174817.C461EB6DC@xmxpita.excite.com> Date: Wed, 10 Apr 2002 13:48:17 -0400 (EDT) Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hi All, Ed, RU6LA, received the following Email from YL3DW and since it will be yet another country on LF, with what looks like a potentially big signal, he has asked me to translate it and post it to the web. It is a little lengthy but interesting. I will leave comments to others. The translation follows. John, G4CNN Good day Vlad, I was not really a fan of LF, in fact I didn't really believe in the possibility of long distance reception at this wavelength in the situation in which the majority of hams find themselves. >From all the information about what is happening on this band, I have only seen one article in the Shortwave/Ultra Shortwave by UA9OBA and an article by a G3 in QST. Nevertheless in response to a call from a colleague on the NZ Reflector, I decided to try to follow the work of your group. An attempt to hear RU6LWZ at the time of the first expedition proved fruitless, that is apart from a mass of 50Hz lines nothing was heard. My IC775DSP was working against a high level of interference on this band, with an unmatched antenna, in short everything was wrong and so there was nothing to hear. Somehow I didn't feel up to diving into this transceiver to make it work on this band like the Kenwood TS-850. Nevertheless for the sake of curiosity, I thought I would see what would happen if I simply improved the selectivity of the receiver by putting a preselector ahead of it. I was too lazy to read up and get out the soldering iron, so I took a multiband measurement filter F1 (so called, which can be used with the GSS to obtain a pure sine wave and has 10 bands from 0.1 to 10MHz) and simply connected it between my 160 dipole and the receiver. It turned out that this filter not only filtered but considerably improved the matching of the antenna to the receiver especially in the range 135 - 138 kHz, and the level of signals on the scale of my S meter increased by 20dB.Encouraged by this result, I decided to undertake a second attempt to hear RU6LWZ on the following saturday. And in fact, in the region of 137.7 kHz heard an almost imperceptible signal which didn't look like a harmonic of 50 Hz. But what or who it was I could not dare to say. I became quite sad. Furthermore a lot of european sources in the cluster were heartily lamenting the fact that RU6LWZ was breaking through everywhere. And I was quite destroyed by Sergei's, UR5MID, communication to the NZ reflector that he could hear RU6LWZ at home, God knows by what means (he didn't say). I would have spat at this LF DXing and signed myself into a lunatic asylum if the same Sergei with the usual surprised Oh's and Ah's had not also sent in screenshots in which the call-sign could be seen in the form of dots and dashes .Having looked at all this for quite a while I called myself a fool for having ignored the fact that the great mass of QSOs on this band take place in QRSS. Carefully looking at the image sent in by UR5MID, I saw that it was received using Argo version beta 1 build 128. Straight away I got into GOOGLE and found I2PHD's site, the existence of which I hadn't even suspected. I quickly downloaded and started the program. I looked at the screen and Oh...like a bolt out of the blue, in the region of 137.7 kHz a pile of stations calling separated from one another by 10 - 20 Hz. I was clearly able to read M0BMU, OH5UFO, OM2TW, IK2DED, HA6PC, DF6NM, OH1TN, and right in the middle of this pile-up the bright fat line of RU6LWZ. The Finns didn't surprise me, Yura YL2DX had told me that he had heard a CQ from OZ1KTR on 137. But the others ..... after my 27 years on the ether, I thought I had seen and heard everything, but such a feeling of euphoria. I shook from excitement. It was like when you first see that a whole new field is opening before you. I really got keen on Ham radio in 1975 when I made my very first QSO. For the very first time in my life no longer was I just an observer. I sat all night till the very next morning. After which feeling just as after a very successfully worked contest. I almost fell of my chair, when about 2200z in the headphones I heard CQ RU6LWZ with RST 559-579, I thought I was imagining it. Just before dawn about 0600z I again heard a CW CQ, but much weaker about 539-549. A clean clear signal without QSB, about 6dB above the background according to the S meter. Concerning QRSS, if one can believe the level shown by ARGO the picture according to the level of signals looks like this: background noise level -55 dB 50Hz harmonic level -40 dB RU6LWZ/RU6LA -20db M0BMU -24db OM2TW -26db OH1TN -30dB IK2DED -35db HA6PC -40db IK5ZPV -45db These were the very strongest stations. There were other weaker stations, but I won't list them all. Of course the relative strength of the signals changed with time, but I can definitely say that RU6LWZ was very much the strongest at all times. These were all measured with an unaltered IC775DSP, sloping dipole for 160m connected by 75 ohm cable to form a dipole and not a T antenna. One end of the dipole is raised to a height of 80 metres and the other to 50 metres above ground. The dipole runs parallel to a high-voltage power line 300 metres distant and at a height of 50 metres. All this has caused me to think hard about how to work on 137 and about a transmitter. In principle it is possible to set up a large loop with a side of 100 metres and a height of 50-70 metres above ground. However there is one problem - wire. If I can find enough, then I will try it. This is from home. If there is enough time and I can manage to encourage some others, then in the summer we will try to work seriously on LF, it so happens we bought a 200 metre mast, but we have not yet managed to raise it. 73 and success with LF experiments, Oleg YL3DW/YL9W/YL4U captain of YL4HQ. --- On Wed 04/10, Ed Lesnichy wrote: > Hello John! > > Onkswhkh l{ nwem| hmrepeqmne h nam`defhb`~yee dk Ebpno{ ohq|ln > nr YL3DW! > M`dn m`der|q, wrn lncsr onbhr|q m` LF h YL-qr`mvhh ... > Lnfmn h b LF-petkejrnp oepebeqrh... > ------------------------------------------------------ > Dnap{i dem| Bk`d! > > Bnnaye-rn  me nrmnxsq| j t`m`r`l LF, onqjnk|js, weqrmn cnbnp,  j`j-rn > me nwem| bephk b bnglnfmnqr| d`k|mecn opnund`(ophel` m` }rnl ) > dh`o`gnme, b sqknbhu, jnrnp{lh nak`d`er nqmnbm` l`qq` ham'ob. > Hg bqei hmtnpl`vhh, n rnl wrn opnhqundhr m` }rnl dh`o`gnme, > jrn h wel r`l g`mhl`erq, m` ck`g` ono`khq| rnk|jn ndm` qr`r| UA9OBA > b JB/SJB. h G3.... (call vekhjnl me onlm~) b QST Rel me lemee, bmb > ophg{b`l jnkkec hg HZ-petkejrnp`, pexhk ono{r`rq onm`ak~d`r| g` p`anrni > b`xei jnl`md{. > Ono{rj` sqk{x`r| RU6LWZ b lnlemr 1-i }jqoedhvhh g`jnmwhk`q| mhwel, > r.e. mhwecn, jpnle onleu nr 50cv khmhh  opnqrn me sqk{x`k. > Qohq`k }rn bqe m` ank|xni spnbem| onleu, mhgjne wsr|e lnecn IC775DSP m` > }rnl > dh`o`gnme, meqnck`qnb`mmnqr| `mremm{, jnpnwe, bhmnb`r{ bqe bnglnfm{e > naqrnrek|qrb`, ` p`g r`j, rn h knbhr| lme m` }rnl bande mewecn. > G`mhl`r|q > p`gbexhb`mhel dkhmm{u qnokei, h g`keg`r| b rp`mqhbep, m` opedler > oepedekjh > ecn dk p`anr{ m` }rnl bande j`j TS-850 Kenwood, lme wrn-rn me nwem| rn > h g`unreknq|. Rel me lemee, k~ano{rqrb` p`dh, d`i dsl`~ > onqlnrp~ wrn onkswhrq, eqkh opnqrn skswxhr| qekejrhbmnqr| ophelmhj`, > onqr`bhb m` bund dno.opeqekejrnp. Qwhr`r| h o`r| a{kn kemhbn, on}rnls > bgk lmncndh`o`gnmm{i hglephrek|m{i thk|rp T1 (r`j h m`g{b`erq, > ondjk~w`erq j CQQ dk onkswemh whqrncn qhmsq`, h hleer 10 dh`o`gnmnb nr > 0.1 dn 10 Lcv) h opnqrn bjk~whk ecn lefds dhonkel m` 160 h rp`mqhbepnl. > Nj`g`knq|, wrn }rn thk|rp, jpnle, thk|rp`vhh pegjn skswxhk qnck`qnb`mhe > `mremm{ q ophelmhjnl, hlemmn b opedek`u 135-138 jcv, h spnbmh qhcm`knb > ophondmkhq| m` 20 da on xj`ke S-lerp`. Nap`dnb`bxhq| }rnls t`jrs > pexhk opedophmr| brnps~ ono{rjs sqk{x`r| RU6LWZ b opnxedxs~ > qsaanrs. H b q`lnl deke, b p`inme 137.7 Jcv sqk{x`k eye j`js~-rn > meqsys~, meonunfs~ m` c`plnmhjs nr 50 Cv. Mn bnr wrn }rn hkh jrn > }rn qj`g`r|  a{ me nrb`fhkq. H qr`kn lme qnbqel cpsqrmn.@ rsr > eye rnko` ebpnoeiveb hqrnxmn cnknqhr b jk`qrepe n rnl, wrn > RU6LWZ knlrq s mhu begde cde. H qnbqel lem a{kn dnjnm`k Qepcei > UR5MID qbnhlh qnnayemhlh b HZ-petkejrnp n rnl, wrn qk{xhr nm, r`jh > RU6LWZ s qea dnl`, anc gm`er m` j`jnl qsppnc`re (` m` j`jnl, r`j h me > qj`g`k). > _ a{ r`j h ok~msk m` beq| }rnr LF DXing, p`qohq`bxhq| b qnaqrbemmnl > aeqqhkhh, eqkh a{ me rnr fe Qepcei UR5MID, ophqk`bxhi bleqre q nwepedm{l > bnqrnpfemm{l `unl-nunl b petkejrnp h qjphmxnr q }jp`m`, m` jnrnpnl b bhde > rnwej-rhpe a{k m`phqnb`m ong{bmni. Sbhdeb }rn bqe,  dnkcn m`g{b`k qea > qeplfm{l opnbhmvh`k|m{l k`orel, m`opnw| m`okeb`bxhl m` rnr t`jr,wrn > nqmnbm` l`qq` QSO m` }rnl dh`o`gnme, bnnaye-rn opnundhr b QRSS pefhle. > Bmhl`rek|mn p`qqlnrpeb j`prhmjs, ophqk`mms~ UR5MID, sqr`mnbhk, wrn }rn > bqe ophmhl`knq| opncp`llni Argo bepqhei beta 1 build 128. Rsr fe g`keg > b GOOGLE, h on m`gb`mh~ h bepqhh opncp`ll{ m`xek q`ir I2PHD, n > qsyeqrbnb`mhh jnrnpncn d`fe h me ondngpeb`k. A{qrpem|jn qj`w`k > opncp`lljs, > g`osqrhk ee. Ckmsk m` }jp`m h n...a`kdek: b p`inme 137.7Jcv jsw` > gnbsyhu qr`mvhi nrqrnyhu dpsc nr dpsc` m` 10-20cv. > Werjn whr`khq| qhcm`k{ M0BMU, OH5UFO, OM2TW, IK2DED, HA6PC, DF6NM, > OH1TN, h rnwmn onqepedhme }rni jswh pjhe fhpm{e khmhh RU6LWZ. > Thmm{ lem j`j-rn me sdhbhkh. ^p` YL2DX lme j`j-rn cnbnphk, wrn qk{x`k, > j`j m` 137 d`b`k CQ OZ1KTR. Mn bnr bqe nqr`k|m{e...... G` qbnh 27 ker > p`anr{ b }thpe  bhdek h qk{x`k bqjne, mn r`jni ondzel, }itnph, l`mdp`f > wrn kh, me gm`~ j`j nohq`r| }rn nysyemhe, jncd` bhdhx|, j`j oeped rnani > nrjp{b`erq mewrn, b ham radio lem onqey`kn p`gbe wrn b 1975 cnds, jncd` >  opnbek qbne 1-e b fhgmh QSO. Nrpndq| me g`mhl`kq m`ad~d`rek|qrbnl, ` > rsr opnqhdek dn q`lncn srp`, onqke wecn eye h m`qrpnemhe a{kn, j`j onqke > nwem| sd`wmn nrp`anr`mmncn contesta. > Wsr| qn qrsk` me so`k, jncd` njnkn 2200z b dhm`lhje sqk{x`k CQ RU6LWZ q > RST 559-579, ondsl`k ck~jh. Ond srpn b p`inme 06z nor| qk{x`k CQ > rekecp`tnl, mn gm`whrek|mn qk`aee, cde-rn 539-549. Qhcm`k werjhi whqr{i, > aeg QSB b{xe spnbm onleu cde-rn m` 6 da on S-lerps. Wrn j`q`erq QRSS rn > eqkh bephr| rel spnbml, jnrnp{e d`er opncp`ll` ARGO, j`prhmj` on spnbml > qhcm`knb b{ckdhr r`j: spnbem| onleu -55db > spnbem| c`plnmhj 50cv -40db > RU6LWZ/RU6LA -20db > M0BMU -24db > OM2TW -26db > OH1TN -30dB > IK2DED -35db > HA6PC -40db > IK5ZPV -45db > ]rn q`l{e qhk|m{e qr`mvhh. A{kh h ankee qk`a{e qr`mvhh, mn  bqeu > oepewhqkr| me asds. > Jnmewmn, nrmnqhrek|m{e spnbmh qhcm`knb lemkhq| qn bpelemel, mn lncs > ndmngm`wmn qj`g`r|, wrn qhcm`k RU6LWZ ndmngm`mn a{k q`l{l cpnljhl hg > bqeu ophmr{u, meg`bhqhln nr bpelemh ophel`. > Qksx`knq| }rn bqe m` meoepedek`mm{i IC775DSP, m`jknmm{i dhonk| dk 160l, > jnrnp{i bjk~w`kq wepeg 75 nlm{i j`aek| j`j dhonk| ` me r-nap`gm` > `mremm`. > Ndmn okewn dhonk ondbexemn m` b{qnre 80 lerpnb, brnpne m` b{qnre 50 > lerpnb m`d > gelkei. > Dhonk| ondbexem o`p`kkek|mn b{qnjnbnk|rmni K]O, m`undyeiq nr mecn b 300 > lerp`u m` b{qnre 50 lerpnb. > > Bqe }rn g`qr`bhkn g`dsl`rq m` opedler onp`anr`r| m` 137 h m` oeped`ws. B > ophmvhoe, eqr| bnglnmnqr| p`gleqrhr| cnphgnmr`k|ms~ p`ljs, qn qrnpnmni > 100 > lerpnb m` b{qnre 70-50 lerpnb m`d gelkei. Onj` ndm` opnakel` - ahler`kk. > Eqkh m`ids msfmne jnkkhweqrbn, rn onopnas~. ]rn hg dnl`. Eqkh asder bpel > h sd`qrq g`beqrh m`pnd, onopnasel kernl onp`anr`r| bqep|eg m` LF, ` rn > ophjsohkh rsr on qksw`~ l`wrs b{qnrni b 200 lerpnb, mn onj` mer bpelemh > ee > nafhr|. > > 73 h sd`wh b LF }jqoephlemr`u. > Nkec YL3DW/YL9W/YL4U j`ohr`m YL4HQ > -------------------------------------------------------------------- > > 73! Ed RU6LA mailto:ed@dx.ru > > > ------------------------------------------------ From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 23957 invoked from network); 10 Apr 2002 20:58:43 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 10 Apr 2002 20:58:43 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 6416 invoked from network); 10 Apr 2002 19:21:55 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 10 Apr 2002 19:21:55 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16vNYg-0003RG-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Wed, 10 Apr 2002 20:15:06 +0100 Received: from imo-d06.mx.aol.com ([205.188.157.38]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16vNYf-0003RB-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Wed, 10 Apr 2002 20:15:05 +0100 Received: from DL4YHF@aol.com by imo-d06.mx.aol.com (mail_out_v32.5.) id l.123.edc5b81 (17529) for ; Wed, 10 Apr 2002 13:36:21 -0400 (EDT) From: DL4YHF@aol.com Message-ID: <123.edc5b81.29e5d215@aol.com> Date: Wed, 10 Apr 2002 13:36:21 EDT Subject: LF: Phase meter for propagation experiment To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/html; charset=windows-1252 X-Mailer: AOL 6.0 for Windows XP DE sub 50 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Content-transfer-encoding: 8bit Dear LF group,

I am planning an experiment based on an idea from Alan G3NYK. The idea is to monitor the phase variation of strong signal on LF over day and nighttime. It may be interesting to find out how much phase variation is there; how much the propagation path length varies etc.

At least two receiving sites are required: One close to the transmitter, and another far away from it. On both ends very accurate phase meters must be used. Of course, the phase of the transmitted signal must connected to an atomic clock like MSF or DCF77.

I think I found a possibility now how the required accuracy can be achieved, here is the basic principle. Most is done by software, only a decent hardware is required:

- The RX stations have clock sources locked to GPS, MSF, DCF77 or TV sync (15625 Hz) of certain broadcasters.

- The reference clock (from the locked source) is divided down to a frequency which can be handled with a standard soundcard. For reasons explained below, an audio tone of 1...3kHz is required. Assume 60kHz/24=2.5 kHz,  or 77.5kHz/31=2.5kHz, or 15.625kHz/6=2.604166666kHz. This audio frequency must be entered in the software's "sample rate calibrator".

- The divided reference frequency (or the 15625 Hz signal) is used in the software to PERMANENTLY monitor the soundcard's sample rate. This is important because the sample rate may drift by a few millihertz which is unacceptable here.
The software can already detect the sample rate from a very weak reference signal, so it is enough to add a small fraction of the reference frequency to the receiver's audio output because it is in another audio frequency band (longwave RX: 100...2000 Hz, reference: 2.5kHz or 15625 Hz). So there is no need for a stereo soundcard !

- The 2.5kHz reference is formed into a square wave like a 'frequency marker generator'. Odd harmonics are the result. One harmonic must be in the longwave receiver's passband, for example 55*2.5kHz = 137.5 kHz, or 53*2.604166666kHz = 138.020833333kHz. A small fraction of this harmonic is added to the antenna signal which goes into the receiver. We need this to compensate the VFO drift of a "normal" shortwave- or longwave receiver via software as explained below.

- Assume your SW receiver runs in USB, the VFO tuned to 136 kHz. For the VFO drift compensation (which is completely done in software), the received audio should contain a weak 'audio peak' at 137.5-136= 1.50kHz, or 138.02083333-136 = 2.02083333kHz. This audio frequency must be entered in the software's "frequency offset calibrator".

With this system of two "calibrators" (one for the PC's audio sample rate, the other for the longwave receiver's slightly drifting VFO) it is possible to make very accurate long-term phase measurements.
I have such a system running now, but not perfect yet, because my DCF77-locked source sometimes unlocks for a few seconds which spoils everything. I tried to convince my pocked GPS receiver to produce a 1-pps-signal which could drive G4JNT's GPS locked source but no success. At the present time I use the german ZDF TV broadcaster which has a precise 15625 kHz signal.

If someone likes to participate in this experiment, he may try to get the last version of SpecLab running. The two 'calibrator' routines are implemented but not explained in the manual yet, if there is interest in this experiment I will continue development and tell you how to use it. Or offer the calibration routines (written in C) to anyone who can program nice and clean user interfaces...  ;-)

Regards,
 Wolf DL4YHF.

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 12019 invoked from network); 10 Apr 2002 19:58:11 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 10 Apr 2002 19:58:11 -0000 Received: (qmail 22376 invoked from network); 10 Apr 2002 19:30:18 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 10 Apr 2002 19:30:18 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16vPBk-0003fF-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Wed, 10 Apr 2002 21:59:32 +0100 Received: from mail.mcf.com ([165.254.158.18]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16vPBj-0003fA-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Wed, 10 Apr 2002 21:59:31 +0100 Received: from parissn2 (193.252.108.181) by mail.mcf.com with ESMTP (Eudora Internet Mail Server 3.1.2d4) for ; Wed, 10 Apr 2002 15:21:25 -0400 Message-ID: <001a01c1e0c4$f29aaf00$0700000a@parissn2> From: "Stewart Nelson" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org References: <123.edc5b81.29e5d215@aol.com> Subject: LF: Re: Phase meter for propagation experiment Date: Wed, 10 Apr 2002 21:21:41 +0200 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hi Wolf and all, With some additional programming, it should be possible to eliminate most or all of the special hardware. That might let you get a number of folks to participate in reception. One possibility is to use the LORAN sidebands already present in the received signal. They can calibrate both receiver LO and soundcard errors. Of course, if you are not close enough to the selected LORAN station for its groundwave to always be dominant, that might not provide an adequate reference for your needs. But that's also true if you use hardware based on MSF or DCF77, and you're not really close to them. I don't know how the TV broadcasters lock their sync, but if the signal is suitable, and the test signal is near the high end of the band, then just turn on the TV and the flyback's ninth harmonic of 15625 will be at 140.625 kHz. It may be somewhat out of the receiver's passband, but should be strong enough to be trackable. For calibrating the sample rate, use the field rate modulation inevitably present. If one has a GPS with a 1 PPS output, you can get really accurate results. Again, no special hardware is needed. Couple the 1 PPS directly into the Rx antenna input (along with the desired signal) and do the rest in software (G3PLX algorithm). 73, Stewart KK7KA ----- Original Message ----- From: To: Sent: Wednesday, April 10, 2002 7:36 PM Subject: LF: Phase meter for propagation experiment > Dear LF group, > > I am planning an experiment based on an idea from Alan G3NYK. The idea is to > monitor the phase variation of strong signal on LF over day and nighttime. It > may be interesting to find out how much phase variation is there; how much > the propagation path length varies etc. > > At least two receiving sites are required: One close to the transmitter, and > another far away from it. On both ends very accurate phase meters must be > used. Of course, the phase of the transmitted signal must connected to an > atomic clock like MSF or DCF77. > > I think I found a possibility now how the required accuracy can be achieved, > here is the basic principle. Most is done by software, only a decent hardware > is required: > > - The RX stations have clock sources locked to GPS, MSF, DCF77 or TV sync > (15625 Hz) of certain broadcasters. > > - The reference clock (from the locked source) is divided down to a frequency > which can be handled with a standard soundcard. For reasons explained below, > an audio tone of 1...3kHz is required. Assume 60kHz/24=2.5 kHz, or > 77.5kHz/31=2.5kHz, or 15.625kHz/6=2.604166666kHz. This audio frequency must > be entered in the software's "sample rate calibrator". > > - The divided reference frequency (or the 15625 Hz signal) is used in the > software to PERMANENTLY monitor the soundcard's sample rate. This is > important because the sample rate may drift by a few millihertz which is > unacceptable here. > The software can already detect the sample rate from a very weak reference > signal, so it is enough to add a small fraction of the reference frequency to > the receiver's audio output because it is in another audio frequency band > (longwave RX: 100...2000 Hz, reference: 2.5kHz or 15625 Hz). So there is no > need for a stereo soundcard ! > > - The 2.5kHz reference is formed into a square wave like a 'frequency marker > generator'. Odd harmonics are the result. One harmonic must be in the > longwave receiver's passband, for example 55*2.5kHz = 137.5 kHz, or > 53*2.604166666kHz = 138.020833333kHz. A small fraction of this harmonic is > added to the antenna signal which goes into the receiver. We need this to > compensate the VFO drift of a "normal" shortwave- or longwave receiver via > software as explained below. > > - Assume your SW receiver runs in USB, the VFO tuned to 136 kHz. For the VFO > drift compensation (which is completely done in software), the received audio > should contain a weak 'audio peak' at 137.5-136= 1.50kHz, or 138.02083333-136 > = 2.02083333kHz. This audio frequency must be entered in the software's > "frequency offset calibrator". > > With this system of two "calibrators" (one for the PC's audio sample rate, > the other for the longwave receiver's slightly drifting VFO) it is possible > to make very accurate long-term phase measurements. > I have such a system running now, but not perfect yet, because my > DCF77-locked source sometimes unlocks for a few seconds which spoils > everything. I tried to convince my pocked GPS receiver to produce a > 1-pps-signal which could drive G4JNT's GPS locked source but no success. At > the present time I use the german ZDF TV broadcaster which has a precise > 15625 kHz signal. > > If someone likes to participate in this experiment, he may try to get the > last version of SpecLab running. The two 'calibrator' routines are > implemented but not explained in the manual yet, if there is interest in this > experiment I will continue development and tell you how to use it. Or offer > the calibration routines (written in C) to anyone who can program nice and > clean user interfaces... ;-) > > Regards, > Wolf DL4YHF. > > > From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 20668 invoked from network); 10 Apr 2002 10:43:32 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 10 Apr 2002 10:43:32 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 24698 invoked from network); 10 Apr 2002 10:43:30 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 10 Apr 2002 10:43:30 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16vGxb-0002Tu-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Wed, 10 Apr 2002 13:12:23 +0100 Received: from relay.dera.gov.uk ([192.5.29.49]) by post.thorcom.com with smtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16vGxa-0002Tp-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Wed, 10 Apr 2002 13:12:22 +0100 Received: (qmail 9110 invoked from network); 10 Apr 2002 11:34:17 +0100 Received: from butterfly.mod.uk (HELO warlock.dstl.gov.uk) (192.5.29.10) by relay.dera.gov.uk with SMTP; 10 Apr 2002 11:34:17 +0100 Message-ID: <7D653C9C42F5D411A27C00508BF8803DCB9A52@mail.dstl.gov.uk> From: "Talbot Andrew" To: "LF Group \(E-mail\)" Subject: LF: GPS Modules cheaper still ! Date: Wed, 10 Apr 2002 11:33:33 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2650.21) Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: I have just seen a tiny GPS module made by Trimble for embedded applications. The Lassen SK11 GPS module. It has the 1 PPS output needed for our simple frequency standards and timing purposes. The price was around £65 for one-off quantities. Half the size and half the price of my Garmin GPS25 module bought just a couple of years ago. Have a look at the Trimple web site for details and local suppliers, but the one here was purchased from Diamond POint International (Europe) LTd WWW.DPIE.COM Andy G4JNT "The Information contained in this E-Mail and any subsequent correspondence" "is private and is intended solely for the intended recipient(s)." "For those other than the recipient any disclosure, copying, distribution, " "or any action taken or omitted to be taken in reliance on such information is" "prohibited and may be unlawful." From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 4126 invoked from network); 10 Apr 2002 07:51:50 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by exhibition.plus.net with SMTP; 10 Apr 2002 07:51:50 -0000 Received: (qmail 16277 invoked from network); 10 Apr 2002 07:51:45 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 10 Apr 2002 07:51:45 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16vEHn-00026O-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Wed, 10 Apr 2002 10:21:03 +0100 Received: from protactinium.btinternet.com ([194.73.73.176] helo=protactinium) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16vEHl-00026H-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Wed, 10 Apr 2002 10:21:02 +0100 Received: from host62-7-93-205.in-addr.btopenworld.com ([62.7.93.205] helo=dave) by protactinium with smtp (Exim 3.22 #8) id 16vCkm-0003wu-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Wed, 10 Apr 2002 08:42:52 +0100 Message-ID: <002001c1e063$d91990c0$cd5d073e@dave> From: "Dave Sergeant" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org References: Subject: Re: LF: Ground loss diffferences between loops and verticals Date: Wed, 10 Apr 2002 08:22:10 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.50.4522.1200 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: W0EH wrote: >Get that bottom run at least 5' up from the ground and it will work much >better. Do you have any trees to string the #12 wire in??? I have a LF loop >with the top run at 60 to 70'. The bottom run is adjustable for testing >purposes. It is strung over two big trees per Bill Ashlock's advise. I call >it my Ashlock loop. Although this is good advice, it depends on individual circumstances. In my case raising the base would reduce the overall area as I cannot increase the overall height. But there again I don't have a 100 foot guyed tower in my garden... Dave G3YMC dsergeant@iee.org dsergeant@btinternet.com http://www.dsergeant.btinternet.co.uk From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 8828 invoked from network); 9 Apr 2002 22:42:12 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by exhibition.plus.net with SMTP; 9 Apr 2002 22:42:12 -0000 Received: (qmail 3187 invoked from network); 9 Apr 2002 22:42:08 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 9 Apr 2002 22:42:08 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16v5hJ-00016a-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Wed, 10 Apr 2002 01:10:49 +0100 Received: from mail6.mx.voyager.net ([216.93.66.205]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16v5hI-00016V-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Wed, 10 Apr 2002 01:10:48 +0100 Received: from k6500 (d19.ias0.mpls.mn.pclink.com [206.11.3.218]) by mail6.mx.voyager.net (8.11.6/8.10.2) with SMTP id g39MVwn77977 for ; Tue, 9 Apr 2002 18:31:58 -0400 (EDT) From: "WE0H" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: RE: LF: Ground loss diffferences between loops and verticals Date: Tue, 9 Apr 2002 17:33:26 -0500 Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2911.0) In-reply-to: <003401c1dfe0$3ce39260$6e01a8c0@cianciolo> X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Importance: Normal Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Get that bottom run at least 5' up from the ground and it will work much better. Do you have any trees to string the #12 wire in??? I have a LF loop with the top run at 60 to 70'. The bottom run is adjustable for testing purposes. It is strung over two big trees per Bill Ashlock's advise. I call it my Ashlock loop. 73's, Mike>WE0H http://www.geocities.com/we0h/lf.html -----Original Message----- From: majordom@post.thorcom.com [mailto:majordom@post.thorcom.com]On Behalf Of PC Sent: Tuesday, April 09, 2002 11:05 AM To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: Re: LF: Ground loss diffferences between loops and verticals Hello Jim and the group, Thanks for responding! I will read your email again beacause it addresses exactly what I was looking for as far as the ground questions are concerned. As far as the performance of my antenna it seem in this as in many other things I am always looking for a complex answer and continue to overlook the obvious. This loop is located about 6 feet away from the 130 tower with its 18 guy wires. Bill Ashlock (WA) along with others pointed out the tower and its massive array of guy wires would have very detrimental effect on the pattern, "Q", feedpoint impedance, etc. So I took down the antenna which again weighs 60 lbs and put up a #12 AWG wire in its place. Much more managable. Same location, even higherfeedpoint impedance as I expected and a lot less capacitance to resonate, also expected. Next step was move the antenna away from the tower by 25 feet. This made a big difference. To achieve resonance I had to add more capacitance and I had to add 2 turns to the primary of the matching transformer indicating lower feedpoint impedance. So tonight I will move it even farther away and get the feed poit above the ground, it is only 6" high right now. Lesson learned..... Do not overlook the obvious!!! Thank again Jim. snipped much text... From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 2460 invoked from network); 9 Apr 2002 16:05:53 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 9 Apr 2002 16:05:53 -0000 Received: (qmail 21016 invoked from network); 9 Apr 2002 16:05:52 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 9 Apr 2002 16:05:52 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16uzbL-00007r-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Tue, 09 Apr 2002 18:40:15 +0100 Received: from mta3.snet.net ([204.60.203.69]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16uzbK-00007m-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 09 Apr 2002 18:40:14 +0100 Received: from cianciolo (97.79.252.64.snet.net [64.252.79.97]) by mta3.snet.net (8.12.1/8.12.1/SNET-smtp-1.1/D-1.1/O-1.1) with SMTP id g39G0Ngo001979 for ; Tue, 9 Apr 2002 12:00:23 -0400 (EDT) Message-ID: <003401c1dfe0$3ce39260$6e01a8c0@cianciolo> From: "PC" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org References: <5.1.0.14.0.20020408141056.00b0bcd8@gemini.herts.ac.uk> <5.1.0.14.0.20020409140039.00af04d0@gemini.herts.ac.uk> Subject: Re: LF: Ground loss diffferences between loops and verticals Date: Tue, 9 Apr 2002 12:04:32 -0400 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hello Jim and the group, Thanks for responding! I will read your email again beacause it addresses exactly what I was looking for as far as the ground questions are concerned. As far as the performance of my antenna it seem in this as in many other things I am always looking for a complex answer and continue to overlook the obvious. This loop is located about 6 feet away from the 130 tower with its 18 guy wires. Bill Ashlock (WA) along with others pointed out the tower and its massive array of guy wires would have very detrimental effect on the pattern, "Q", feedpoint impedance, etc. So I took down the antenna which again weighs 60 lbs and put up a #12 AWG wire in its place. Much more managable. Same location, even higherfeedpoint impedance as I expected and a lot less capacitance to resonate, also expected. Next step was move the antenna away from the tower by 25 feet. This made a big difference. To achieve resonance I had to add more capacitance and I had to add 2 turns to the primary of the matching transformer indicating lower feedpoint impedance. So tonight I will move it even farther away and get the feed poit above the ground, it is only 6" high right now. Lesson learned..... Do not overlook the obvious!!! Thank again Jim. ----- Original Message ----- From: "James Moritz" To: Sent: Tuesday, April 09, 2002 9:39 AM Subject: Re: LF: Ground loss diffferences between loops and verticals > Dear Paul, LF Group, > > At 14:08 08/04/2002 -0400, you wrote: > > A total of 200 wires woven > >specifically to be minimize crosstalk between pairs and common mode > >interference. > > > >I thought that this may approximate a "Poor Mans Litz Wire". > > At RF, the current tends to flow on the outside of a conductor or bundle of > conductors. Litz wire counteracts this by weaving strands so that all > strands move between the inside and outside of the bundle, forcing the > current to flow through the whole cross section of the bundle, thus > reducing the RF resistance. But I don't think telephone cable is > constructed in the same way, so the resistance will not be reduced much, if > at all. > > > Also the slope either side of resonance was not smooth at all, there > >seemed to be peaks among the slope. > > Perhaps ambient LF signals being received by the SVM? See if they are there > with no generator connected. > > >When looking at the current and voltage > >waveforms at the feed of the antenna, using the test tool described in the > >LF handbook, it could be seen that a the current was a perfect sinewave but > >the voltage waveform always had a flat top or a double peak. > >Changing > >resonance or turns on the matching transformer would only changeflat spot > >slightly. Loop Rac measures 1 Ohm based on matching transformer ratio. > > > >Now the loop is on a tower that is 130 feet tall. The guy wires are not > >broken up with insulators. So is it possible that there is a resonance in > >the guy wires causing the double peak? > >/If so why only on the voltage wave forms? > > In the LF range, the guys would have to be extremely long (hundreds of > metres) to resonate. With a Q of 61, the current in the resonant loop will > be almost sinusoidal whatever voltage waveform is applied - as with class D > and E amplifiers with resonant tank circuits. So the funny voltage waveform > probably originates in whatever you are using as a generator - perhaps it > does not like delivering power into the resonant load. You could try > inserting a resistive pad between generator and antenna. > > >A) When visualizing the losses from the earth in a vertical antenna system, > >they would appear to be in series with the Radiation Resistance, thereby > >limiting the current that thae antenna can draw. Is this statement true? > >Current flows from the radiator and returns through the earth(limiting the > >current) which is lossy and thus making a poor radiator. > > > >B) How does the earth effect the a loop? Does it look like a lossy > >secondary of a transformer? Since the loop is "closed" is cannot be truly > >in series with the antenna. > >Perhaps the affect is a reflected impedance from the ground causing current > >to flow in the antenna. In a loop the Rac is determined by the radiation > >resistance, in series with the loss of the capacitor, in series with the > >loss in the inductor and an unknown series loss for the earth. Is this > >true? > > The magnetic and electric fields of the loop induce currents in the ground, > and it requires energy to maintain these, representing a loss from the loop > circuit. While not actually being connected to the antenna in any way, the > effect of these ground currents on the antenna impedance is equivalent to > having a resistor connected in series with a loop which absorbs some of the > power applied to the loop. > > The loss resistance is not a physical resistor but the resistive component > of the equivalent circuit of the loop antenna that represents the sum of > the losses you mention. it is conventional to represent this as a series > resistance, but it could be equally be represented as a resistor (with a > different value) in parallel with the loop inductance, or coupled by a > transformer - in any case it would absorb the proportion of the power > delivered to the antenna that was not radiated. > > > >The antenna I have radiates but not well. > > > .. Unfortunately, true of just about any amateur LF antenna! > > Cheers, Jim Moritz > 73 de M0BMU > > From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 19828 invoked from network); 9 Apr 2002 13:58:24 -0000 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 9 Apr 2002 13:58:24 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 16498 invoked from network); 9 Apr 2002 13:58:21 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 9 Apr 2002 13:58:21 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16uxSn-0008LV-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Tue, 09 Apr 2002 16:23:17 +0100 Received: from hestia.herts.ac.uk ([147.197.200.9]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16uxSm-0008LQ-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 09 Apr 2002 16:23:16 +0100 Received: from gemini ([147.197.200.44] helo=gemini.herts.ac.uk) by hestia.herts.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.22 #1) id 16uvvs-00072t-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 09 Apr 2002 14:45:12 +0100 Received: from [147.197.232.252] (helo=rsch-15.herts.ac.uk) by gemini.herts.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #1) id 16uvvr-0004oi-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 09 Apr 2002 14:45:11 +0100 Message-ID: <5.1.0.14.0.20020409140039.00af04d0@gemini.herts.ac.uk> X-Sender: mj9ar@gemini.herts.ac.uk X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1 Date: Tue, 09 Apr 2002 14:39:39 +0100 To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org From: "James Moritz" Subject: Re: LF: Ground loss diffferences between loops and verticals In-reply-to: <001201c1df28$728b4420$6e01a8c0@cianciolo> References: <5.1.0.14.0.20020408141056.00b0bcd8@gemini.herts.ac.uk> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Dear Paul, LF Group, At 14:08 08/04/2002 -0400, you wrote: > A total of 200 wires woven >specifically to be minimize crosstalk between pairs and common mode >interference. > >I thought that this may approximate a "Poor Mans Litz Wire". At RF, the current tends to flow on the outside of a conductor or bundle of conductors. Litz wire counteracts this by weaving strands so that all strands move between the inside and outside of the bundle, forcing the current to flow through the whole cross section of the bundle, thus reducing the RF resistance. But I don't think telephone cable is constructed in the same way, so the resistance will not be reduced much, if at all. > Also the slope either side of resonance was not smooth at all, there >seemed to be peaks among the slope. Perhaps ambient LF signals being received by the SVM? See if they are there with no generator connected. >When looking at the current and voltage >waveforms at the feed of the antenna, using the test tool described in the >LF handbook, it could be seen that a the current was a perfect sinewave but >the voltage waveform always had a flat top or a double peak. >Changing >resonance or turns on the matching transformer would only changeflat spot >slightly. Loop Rac measures 1 Ohm based on matching transformer ratio. > >Now the loop is on a tower that is 130 feet tall. The guy wires are not >broken up with insulators. So is it possible that there is a resonance in >the guy wires causing the double peak? >/If so why only on the voltage wave forms? In the LF range, the guys would have to be extremely long (hundreds of metres) to resonate. With a Q of 61, the current in the resonant loop will be almost sinusoidal whatever voltage waveform is applied - as with class D and E amplifiers with resonant tank circuits. So the funny voltage waveform probably originates in whatever you are using as a generator - perhaps it does not like delivering power into the resonant load. You could try inserting a resistive pad between generator and antenna. >A) When visualizing the losses from the earth in a vertical antenna system, >they would appear to be in series with the Radiation Resistance, thereby >limiting the current that thae antenna can draw. Is this statement true? >Current flows from the radiator and returns through the earth(limiting the >current) which is lossy and thus making a poor radiator. > >B) How does the earth effect the a loop? Does it look like a lossy >secondary of a transformer? Since the loop is "closed" is cannot be truly >in series with the antenna. >Perhaps the affect is a reflected impedance from the ground causing current >to flow in the antenna. In a loop the Rac is determined by the radiation >resistance, in series with the loss of the capacitor, in series with the >loss in the inductor and an unknown series loss for the earth. Is this >true? The magnetic and electric fields of the loop induce currents in the ground, and it requires energy to maintain these, representing a loss from the loop circuit. While not actually being connected to the antenna in any way, the effect of these ground currents on the antenna impedance is equivalent to having a resistor connected in series with a loop which absorbs some of the power applied to the loop. The loss resistance is not a physical resistor but the resistive component of the equivalent circuit of the loop antenna that represents the sum of the losses you mention. it is conventional to represent this as a series resistance, but it could be equally be represented as a resistor (with a different value) in parallel with the loop inductance, or coupled by a transformer - in any case it would absorb the proportion of the power delivered to the antenna that was not radiated. >The antenna I have radiates but not well. > .. Unfortunately, true of just about any amateur LF antenna! Cheers, Jim Moritz 73 de M0BMU From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 28232 invoked from network); 9 Apr 2002 08:10:43 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by exhibition.plus.net with SMTP; 9 Apr 2002 08:10:43 -0000 Received: (qmail 8882 invoked from network); 9 Apr 2002 08:10:40 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 9 Apr 2002 08:10:40 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16us85-0007Xa-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Tue, 09 Apr 2002 10:41:33 +0100 Received: from rhenium.btinternet.com ([194.73.73.93]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16us83-0007XV-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 09 Apr 2002 10:41:32 +0100 Received: from host213-122-222-126.in-addr.btopenworld.com ([213.122.222.126] helo=dave) by rhenium.btinternet.com with smtp (Exim 3.22 #8) id 16uqb7-0006nH-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 09 Apr 2002 09:03:25 +0100 Message-ID: <001e01c1df9d$8b882720$7ede7ad5@dave> From: "Dave Sergeant" To: "rsgb_lf_group" Subject: LF: Temporary QSY from lf Date: Tue, 9 Apr 2002 08:59:26 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.50.4522.1200 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: In case some of you have not heard my signals on 136 recently, I have taken a temporary break. Now that my Elecraft K2 hf transceiver is working I am having a ball on the HF bands working the world with 5W. Enthusiasm on lf has also been somewhat dampened in recent months by the emergence of qrm from my neighbour's new TV, which makes operation nigh impossible for most of the time, and the enormous decrease in normal CW activity. I will give it another go in a few months. 73s Dave G3YMC dsergeant@iee.org dsergeant@btinternet.com http://www.dsergeant.btinternet.co.uk From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 28181 invoked from network); 9 Apr 2002 03:16:23 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 9 Apr 2002 03:16:23 -0000 Received: (qmail 23487 invoked from network); 9 Apr 2002 03:16:19 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 9 Apr 2002 03:16:19 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16unWZ-00070B-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Tue, 09 Apr 2002 05:46:31 +0100 Received: from mail4.mx.voyager.net ([216.93.66.203]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16unWX-000706-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 09 Apr 2002 05:46:29 +0100 Received: from k6500 (d12.ias0.mpls.mn.pclink.com [206.11.3.211]) by mail4.mx.voyager.net (8.11.6/8.10.2) with SMTP id g3935Xx66617 for ; Mon, 8 Apr 2002 23:05:34 -0400 (EDT) From: "WE0H" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: LF: RE: MC8309P Date: Mon, 8 Apr 2002 22:08:57 -0500 Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 1 X-MSMail-Priority: High X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2911.0) In-reply-to: <3CB1F134.D406289A@virgin.net> X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Importance: High Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Go here and you will find many of those IC's http://www.usbid.com. Enter in your IC MC8309P and you will see a whole bunch of them available. 73's, Mike>WE0H http://www.geocities.com/we0h/lf.html -----Original Message----- From: majordom@post.thorcom.com [mailto:majordom@post.thorcom.com]On Behalf Of Stewart Bryant Sent: Monday, April 08, 2002 2:36 PM To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: LF: MC8309P A friend and I are trying to repair an old HP counter (HP 5345A). One of its faults is a failed HP 1820-0610 , which has the commercial equivalent MC8309P. Does anyone on this list know a reasonably priced source of MC8309P?. Alternatively, I understand that this is a TTL part of some description, and I was wondering if it could be functionally replaced with one or more modern faster parts. However I do not have a data sheet, and cannot find one on the web. Does anyone on the list know where I can find a datasheet? Many thanks Stewart G3YSX From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 22205 invoked from network); 9 Apr 2002 01:01:29 -0000 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 9 Apr 2002 01:01:29 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 29754 invoked from network); 9 Apr 2002 01:01:28 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 9 Apr 2002 01:01:28 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16ulSL-0006gY-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Tue, 09 Apr 2002 03:34:01 +0100 Received: from tomts15.bellnexxia.net ([209.226.175.3] helo=tomts15-srv.bellnexxia.net) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16ulSK-0006gT-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 09 Apr 2002 03:34:00 +0100 Received: from server1.sympatico.ca ([216.208.193.2]) by tomts15-srv.bellnexxia.net (InterMail vM.4.01.03.23 201-229-121-123-20010418) with ESMTP id <20020409005553.BXDP24482.tomts15-srv.bellnexxia.net@server1.sympatico.ca> for ; Mon, 8 Apr 2002 20:55:53 -0400 Message-ID: <5.1.0.14.0.20020408205240.02f2f280@POP2.sympatico.ca> X-Sender: b1aemm59@POP2.sympatico.ca X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1 Date: Mon, 08 Apr 2002 20:55:53 -0400 To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org From: "Larry Kayser" Subject: LF: Re HP 5345M In-reply-to: <3CB1F134.D406289A@virgin.net> References: <2493222.1018278457301.JavaMail.computernetworks@gomailjtp05> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Stewart: >A friend and I are trying to repair an old HP counter (HP 5345A). >One of its faults is a failed HP 1820-0610 , which has the commercial >equivalent MC8309P. Does anyone on this list know a reasonably priced >source of MC8309P?. What board was it on please? I parted out a 5345M that has the High Stability Oscillator in it so I could slave it to a GPS. I have all the old boards and would be glad to send one off to you if I have the part you need. Let me know please. The regally good thing is that I actually know where the box with the boards is.... Larry VA3LK From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 14062 invoked from network); 8 Apr 2002 22:46:27 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 8 Apr 2002 22:46:27 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 20791 invoked from network); 8 Apr 2002 22:46:24 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 8 Apr 2002 22:46:24 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16ujHq-0006Om-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Tue, 09 Apr 2002 01:15:02 +0100 Received: from imo-r09.mx.aol.com ([152.163.225.105]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16ujHp-0006Of-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 09 Apr 2002 01:15:01 +0100 Received: from G0MRF@aol.com by imo-r09.mx.aol.com (mail_out_v32.5.) id l.141.c890c2c (4256) for ; Mon, 8 Apr 2002 18:36:12 -0400 (EDT) From: G0MRF@aol.com Message-ID: <141.c890c2c.29e3755b@aol.com> Date: Mon, 8 Apr 2002 18:36:11 EDT Subject: Re: LF: change To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/html; charset=windows-1252 X-Mailer: AOL 6.0 for Windows UK sub 10512 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Content-transfer-encoding: 8bit In a message dated 4/8/02 9:01:20 PM GMT Daylight Time, WarmSpgs@aol.com writes:


In a message dated 4/8/02 1:14:27 PM Eastern Daylight Time,
g3kev.mal@virgin.net writes:

<< Netscapeonline is going QRT soon, it appears AOL is taking over. I have
changed to VIRGIN and it seems to work well so far. >>

I hate to tell you this, Mal, but AOL has owned Netscape for years.  Now that
they're the AOLTimeWarnerTurnerCNNCompuServeNetscape&maybesoonRedHatLinux
megalopoly, they're integrating what they own very tightly and are taking
over everything else as quickly as possible, too.  As Glorious Leader Steve
Case likes to say to us members in his weekly thought-wave messages, "Prepare
to be absorbed into the collective consciousness, puny earthlings!"

John





Resistance is futile...........

G0mrf@aol.com From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 12529 invoked from network); 8 Apr 2002 22:29:20 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 8 Apr 2002 22:29:20 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 27058 invoked from network); 8 Apr 2002 22:29:18 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 8 Apr 2002 22:29:18 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16uj52-0006Mk-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Tue, 09 Apr 2002 01:01:48 +0100 Received: from imo-m10.mx.aol.com ([64.12.136.165]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16uj51-0006Mf-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 09 Apr 2002 01:01:47 +0100 Received: from G0MRF@aol.com by imo-m10.mx.aol.com (mail_out_v32.5.) id l.18b.619341d (4256) for ; Mon, 8 Apr 2002 18:22:57 -0400 (EDT) From: G0MRF@aol.com Message-ID: <18b.619341d.29e37240@aol.com> Date: Mon, 8 Apr 2002 18:22:56 EDT Subject: LF: Rus LF DX-pedition #5 To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/html; charset=windows-1252 X-Mailer: AOL 6.0 for Windows UK sub 10512 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Content-transfer-encoding: 8bit In a message dated 4/8/02 7:17:03 PM GMT Daylight Time, ed@dx.ru writes:



- We inform on the beginning regular UA6 LF-activity
- our QSOs 6-7 apr (time in z):
6apr 2054 OH5UFO  QRSS3   RU6LWZ
    2120 IK5ZPV  QRSS3   RU6LA
    2140 IK5ZPV  CW      UA6LV
    .... KN97LN Russian  RU6LWZ LF crew (RU6LA,UA6LV,UA6LFQ)
                 W0DKA   russian tradition after very new one SRI..
7apr 0005 OM2TW   QRSS3   RU6LA
    0038 M0BMU   QRSS3   RU6LA (2824km)
- all RX on beverage 1km long and up 2.5m
- Big LF ANT on air

- 1998-99 experiments UA9OBA and RW9OWN (2km distance)
- 19 may 2000      QSO CW RN2FA <> UA2FF (10km)
-  1 may 2001 1107z       RA9MB <> UA9MAZ (5km)


73! Ed RU6LA      mailto:ed@dx.ru



Congratulations on the QSOs Ed and the details of previous contacts. Can you let us know how the QSX operation went?  Your original posting mentioned working crossband to 40 and 20m.

73

David  G0MRF



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 3597 invoked from network); 8 Apr 2002 21:33:41 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 8 Apr 2002 21:33:41 -0000 Received: (qmail 4326 invoked from network); 8 Apr 2002 21:33:38 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 8 Apr 2002 21:33:38 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16uiFn-0006Ai-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Tue, 09 Apr 2002 00:08:51 +0100 Received: from mail.mcf.com ([165.254.158.18]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16uiFm-0006Ad-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 09 Apr 2002 00:08:50 +0100 Received: from parissn2 (193.252.108.181) by mail.mcf.com with ESMTP (Eudora Internet Mail Server 3.1.2d4) for ; Mon, 8 Apr 2002 17:30:46 -0400 Message-ID: <004301c1df44$a5254d60$0700000a@parissn2> From: "Stewart Nelson" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org References: <2493222.1018278457301.JavaMail.computernetworks@gomailjtp05> <3CB1F134.D406289A@virgin.net> Subject: LF: Re: MC8309P Date: Mon, 8 Apr 2002 23:30:45 +0200 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hi Stewart, This is a Motorola TTL dual 4-input mux, originally from Fairchild. The 9300 series is same spec, except only 0 to 70 degree temp, probably adequate for your purpose, and much easier to find. Datasheet at http://www.national.com/pf/93/9309.html . If you can't even find that, you might be able to kludge in a 74153 (or modern equivalent), if the dual-polarity outputs are not used, and you're willing to adapt the different pinout. If all else fails, use two 74151 or similar, or program a PAL or GAL. 73, Stewart ----- Original Message ----- From: "Stewart Bryant" To: Sent: Monday, April 08, 2002 9:36 PM Subject: LF: MC8309P > A friend and I are trying to repair an old HP counter (HP 5345A). > One of its faults is a failed HP 1820-0610 , which has the commercial > equivalent MC8309P. Does anyone on this list know a reasonably priced > source of MC8309P?. > > Alternatively, I understand that this is a TTL part of some description, > and I was wondering if it could be functionally replaced with one > or more modern faster parts. However I do not have a data sheet, > and cannot find one on the web. Does anyone on the list know where > I can find a datasheet? > > Many thanks > > Stewart G3YSX > > > > > From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 21523 invoked from network); 8 Apr 2002 20:28:12 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 8 Apr 2002 20:28:12 -0000 Received: (qmail 19300 invoked from network); 8 Apr 2002 20:28:08 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 8 Apr 2002 20:28:08 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16uh9E-0005fz-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Mon, 08 Apr 2002 22:58:00 +0100 Received: from www.gardaol.com ([195.223.232.51] helo=netregister.it ident=xkkmehsin) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16uh9B-0005ft-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 08 Apr 2002 22:57:57 +0100 Received: from ik2dedlibero (brescia20.phoenix.it [213.82.97.84]) by netregister.it (8.11.4/8.11.4) with SMTP id g38KJio10724 for ; Mon, 8 Apr 2002 22:19:44 +0200 Message-ID: <005701c1dc55$9b606040$546152d5@it> From: "Giulio Scaroni" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org References: <0926.020408@dx.ru> Subject: LF: Re: 1 Rus LF DX-pedition #5 Date: Fri, 5 Apr 2002 05:54:35 +0200 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="------------030505060002020900080309" X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2919.6600 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: This is a multi-part message in MIME format. --------------030505060002020900080309 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=windows-1252; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Huggghhhhh, i' not in log!!!! what may i tell at my wife for all the time passed in radio saturday afternoon and evening for nothing??? Hi hi Ed, i had called you several times, and i had an answer, but probably my signal was.....fadeed out. Well, this is the life of the radioamateurs, i hope really for the next time, waiting, i'll try to improve my TX condition. 73 Ed and thanks also at all the EU for the many signal viewed in QRSS saturday/sunday. Thanks also to OK1FIG for new one saturday, in my 3 mounths LF activity, i have made G/M qrss and aural, OH qrss, OM qrss, DL qrss, not many country, but is a good job on LF for me, i wait for all the others, for sked send me a mail. Giulio IK2DED --------------030505060002020900080309 Content-Type: image/jpeg; name="Ru6la3.jpg" Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Disposition: inline; filename="Ru6la3.jpg" /9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAgEASABIAAD/7QUiUGhvdG9zaG9wIDMuMAA4QklNA+0AAAAAABAASAAA AAEAAgBIAAAAAQACOEJJTQPzAAAAAAAIAAAAAAAAAAE4QklNBAoAAAAAAAEAADhCSU0nEAAA AAAACgABAAAAAAAAAAI4QklNA/UAAAAAAEgAL2ZmAAEAbGZmAAYAAAAAAAEAL2ZmAAEAoZma AAYAAAAAAAEAMgAAAAEAWgAAAAYAAAAAAAEANQAAAAEALQAAAAYAAAAAAAE4QklNBBQAAAAA AAQAAAABOEJJTQQMAAAAAAQ5AAAAAQAAAIAAAAAFAAABgAAAB4AAAAQdABgAAf/Y/+AAEEpG SUYAAQIBAEgASAAA//4AJ0ZpbGUgd3JpdHRlbiBieSBBZG9iZSBQaG90b3Nob3CoIDQuMAD/ 7gAOQWRvYmUAZIAAAAAB/9sAhAAMCAgICQgMCQkMEQsKCxEVDwwMDxUYExMVExMYEQwMDAwM DBEMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMAQ0LCw0ODRAODhAUDg4OFBQODg4OFBEM DAwMDBERDAwMDAwMEQwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAz/wAARCAAFAIADASIA AhEBAxEB/90ABAAI/8QBPwAAAQUBAQEBAQEAAAAAAAAAAwABAgQFBgcICQoLAQABBQEBAQEB AQAAAAAAAAABAAIDBAUGBwgJCgsQAAEEAQMCBAIFBwYIBQMMMwEAAhEDBCESMQVBUWETInGB MgYUkaGxQiMkFVLBYjM0coLRQwclklPw4fFjczUWorKDJkSTVGRFwqN0NhfSVeJl8rOEw9N1 4/NGJ5SkhbSVxNTk9KW1xdXl9VZmdoaWprbG1ub2N0dXZ3eHl6e3x9fn9xEAAgIBAgQEAwQF BgcHBgU1AQACEQMhMRIEQVFhcSITBTKBkRShsUIjwVLR8DMkYuFygpJDUxVjczTxJQYWorKD ByY1wtJEk1SjF2RFVTZ0ZeLys4TD03Xj80aUpIW0lcTU5PSltcXV5fVWZnaGlqa2xtbm9ic3 R1dnd4eXp7fH/9oADAMBAAIRAxEAPwDkmnD+w37R0zd6Qkg3+qP0X5ge3a676e//AIVRo+zf b+o7x0rburkPNvp7d7N37PP7n+m3fpP9GuZSVv8Al/vLHo+q/Zf2SQwdP372S7FNvqf4X814 9P8A433/APFqxd9m9Nu79mfQ9oP2jmKZ2bvZ6u36f+DXKJJdVPXZv2T1LNw6Ju9N2tfrxPre 7ZHs9f8A0f8A3X/4NEBxNjoHQ/Shu8tN/Gz872+ruc7/AMGXGpJdevRL0WZ9m9TFg9O3+u31 NoyP+C3fa95/mf8ATen+k/nP8KrWZ9j+y2ADo8+p7jUboLtx+g0fR/sO9H0lyaSR67/yip6K n7H9iv2Hps/pPpfaN8bW/wA3u9v0v5n/AIZFt+weu3aelRGkjKjt4n6P7q5hJE/Xp/IIdXH+ zftAbjh7Jd/Oev6PDv3P0n9RXrfsmw7f2TO4fR+0TEt/f9v9f/0oucSTftS6XVvQ9dnonGLd mv2T1Nk7nfT+0+/1f++JsX0vsmRu+y74dt9b1PV+j/gPT/Rf8X6n+EWckm9f4Kex+r32f/nD 03Yenb/2hTs9H1/U/nWfzPqfo/S2/R9X/wA+L2PPGR9lt9Q3Fm39IHCsM9Pa31haWO/m/wCc 9T0f0/8AO+h/gV81pKPLukP/2QA4QklNBAYAAAAAAAcAAQAAAAEBAP/+ACdGaWxlIHdyaXR0 ZW4gYnkgQWRvYmUgUGhvdG9zaG9wqCA0LjAA/+4ADkFkb2JlAGSAAAAAAf/bAIQADAgICAkI DAkJDBELCgsRFQ8MDA8VGBMTFRMTGBEMDAwMDAwRDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwM DAwMDAENCwsNDg0QDg4QFA4ODhQUDg4ODhQRDAwMDAwREQwMDAwMDBEMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwM DAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwM/8AAEQgAGwJbAwEiAAIRAQMRAf/dAAQAJv/EAT8AAAEFAQEBAQEB AAAAAAAAAAMAAQIEBQYHCAkKCwEAAQUBAQEBAQEAAAAAAAAAAQACAwQFBgcICQoLEAABBAED AgQCBQcGCAUDDDMBAAIRAwQhEjEFQVFhEyJxgTIGFJGhsUIjJBVSwWIzNHKC0UMHJZJT8OHx Y3M1FqKygyZEk1RkRcKjdDYX0lXiZfKzhMPTdePzRieUpIW0lcTU5PSltcXV5fVWZnaGlqa2 xtbm9jdHV2d3h5ent8fX5/cRAAICAQIEBAMEBQYHBwYFNQEAAhEDITESBEFRYXEiEwUygZEU obFCI8FS0fAzJGLhcoKSQ1MVY3M08SUGFqKygwcmNcLSRJNUoxdkRVU2dGXi8rOEw9N14/NG lKSFtJXE1OT0pbXF1eX1VmZ2hpamtsbW5vYnN0dXZ3eHl6e3x//aAAwDAQACEQMRAD8A82px Ra9j8q9uMy0wLbA9w28Of+hZY521LIorryvs9d9eRSHe3IrBaHD9/wDStrt/7caul+rXSvqd l9Nvv+snVbcSz7Q2qnHpaPUgMn1HtbVmOdXZu2fzVfpej/wqm7ov1HyfrLh9O6bm5RxLHVMt ttaGyff63uvZiuq+jS3+Zs/SPsVuhdUa6mWl+C1xMLpvQ7rKftPVvslT3vZa52PY91bWhxrt 20l7LfUdsZsbYpM6f0Kt+Uy3qjjTX/R7qcVz/WI7EXvx3466yzon+KTGstx7Ot5zX1uLHjY4 w4e10Ob08s/tKNXSv8UVTg6rrmduAJ/m3O0On0XdOc1NE4g3wkeQPpVR7vCV0tyMhjLbvSa9 0G66dobOrzt9R/8AmNVrq/TsDAurPT85nVMexm4XNrfVBktdXZVd+kY/2rW6Rg/VPI+sWdjd TybR0c+v9jyK3Df7Xfq9jmen6j/Uo+iyvH/nv8Erv1lwP8X2P0jGHRczIvvJti7aHFxGzbTl 12Mw3V/S/Q2sb/277PSPCL+U/wB7pfir6vFmTxo09uyt9OxKr37MnLZg47jD7ntsfEa6MoZY 9yZlfTntIdda2zSIrbtj86f0ocvQfqv0n6r5f1CzMjqWTkYmCzLb9sva1peXMZS2puz0cxzK 2W5Ps9H9J7/0iAiI+qWvT0nup4Tq3SHdNy24jsqjJY5rbK8jHdvrc1/fdtY7c389rmqGVjYO N6ldWWzLcNvp21Ne1uo/SA+syt/td7F1eXT9QHfWzD9LKI6H6DDe/wDSQ57W2Nc232V3UOs2 Ub/SZ+f/AIFE6vT/AIucb6sZtPQ8s5ma+yo12ZLHNtYA/wB4xnHFxvV3V7vUqe/Z+ej6QRQJ JHVWryNXT8c4teTfnVVeo7Y2kBz7Gx/hLmVt/R1/uf8AntWM3C6Nh5Po42fkXENA9f0BW0uJ 12Nfker6Wz85+x//AAa6nH6R/iyPSsB/VeqW0ZllAfc3EFhbucXfzjPQzfSvr/mrG+p/wnpq Tui/4oa3Seu5pJHZpd+Tp7kiRE/KdOuv2q+rx3WKujsvaOlPyLGbB6jskMa42SfU2tpda1jP 3P0j1nEmPNdr9bOl/U/F6R0vI6Ldk5NOQ/IH2t3J9PZ+ifTbVi/Re/2P9ns/036P0+Pe3Eg7 bHl3aWAD/q3JshesTV9/SoNnpLOj73v6x9pFO0ikYuzebNNpf652+k389GI+rjMtntzbMbf+ lY4112bNILHxcxr/AORsW19V+l/UbJ6I/I+snUL8LJGSWVtpkk17GOY7Z9nyvzzb7lqv6J/i hpllnWc4EwZLHSPu6f8AnJA0Pk0rX06K+rxvWR0E3g9EbktpJMjKNZdydu30dv5v5r0HBOCy xn22uyyndNoqcGv2/wDBPcHta5dfm9M/xW0dPtvwupZuU/cGzt97SWv2OrquxMWrI94b6lTr av8Aj6/8Jp9D6T/ixfd04X9VdkZrmNJre30anu3Oe1uRtrsZRY3+b9P7b+YnR4QBIjcbcPEo 9ngMGnCuutbk3WY+IAXeoyv1XiD7B6e+lnun861F6lj9EqFVfS8m3KO2bb7avSBcT7WV0+pe 5uxv03Lf6DjfUu7N6z+2Mx+JjHcMZ7NxfsN2jsdxof636Nvp2eti12bLfZR/hKt3Io/xTXdN wMCvPtbZjuPo5VdL23v3umMtwxK/Vqa53/B27P5p6NgEAxMvpf4qeGzuj42NSH19RoyLw39P jNZa1zHiN1fq21Moftn/AEqoMDHtax9m33QDEgA/Sc5em9R6V/izxeodVZZl32dQ9O5rsN4t 2VWETux3txvdYz/B+pdkVrn+mYP1BGNs6l1XNbTkENAbQK31vZ6jrLLdrOoM9K39A2n7Nba/ 3/pq0Rw1xCMq13HzI+x4+6p9T9r+e3mD9Fw/kuT+m2B7wSTAGpMfvaL0X6w4/wDipv6l69nU MtjrBWw1YbR6NbGsayuz9JjP3+we/wBOy+7f/g1lV4n+Kd5eX53VKgHNFY216h30ny3Ht/mv z9/p/wDBVWqO4g/Kf7skvO4nSsbIYHW51WK8vc11VrXghrW+p6u5jXM2vd+iZ6mz9IgU4OPb eyv7ZTS1/wBKy3eAz+v6TLv+h6i9Ht6T/iqxLOmXZXUXtJqbZXWwvc21jnP2uzTVVf6drv5v Ia27F+h/M0/zaqYuJ/imyHdSe7LyKGa/zwk1gv8AY7p2yqxz9v8AN7b25N3p/wDXE4nGdon+ Xb1K1ebd0L6pNE/85WP/AEZdDcPIk2D6NLQ4NZss/wBM+xn/ABaybKcetpLLTaHsmdm0T3aH v3fRb+41dj+x/wDE7B/y5nDz2P8A/kctTo+F/isa3KqxutZFjfs1m6u8uqa0EbX5FNbsXGbk Zdbf5qr9Y/8AC6EMkRoQfA1/6Kog93z7AZ0T7HYc5uS7K3fovRcxjNkHVwsZY+53qbfo+kqT zW6w7CQyfZPIH8qF2HSOmf4ubMW2zq/VL6XDIc3GdUx7bHUt+g+9lbc9rW2f1KHq1l9P/wAW 2V9ZRXTl3YmG+sOhjC6mDWLN4vtcMii3+RbRkfpv+2WHQHhrtZAOqniszHxq3bKnuLmSLN0R P/B7fzFXaGz7jA8RqvQur9D/AMXlH1YysvpPULMvKc+sVuttaLhDoexuI8YTrGPaXf4Kz/Sf QrXGbOhilsZGSbyTvaaKwyPzdtn2lzv/AANIgE2AI9PVv/iq1QYQxX5DRnWOrxj9N1bA98D8 2trnV/8AVo7sXBa+mL7GOcH/AGlhYQa4LvTb9J3qb2/TW/8AVHD+rua3Lu+sma2nFw66n1sZ /OfT+ixjW2eoza3Zf6WPZd+kr/TVLd6tX/ipzL8Pfl5LKrC8nJpcSwkn+ZyabmW5ONs2/o/R xser9L/2264x0IMz3r/uuJGr5/j4uGbKxfmNoY8Eudse8sIJgPYwfnfyHK+3E+q5Y029UyHZ AElrMTdUXR7a22Pya7fpfn+j/wBbXVZvSP8AFAcy1zusZNLg4g10te6ppGkVPdhZG9n/AF+/ +uo3dM/xQ5Fm9/W8wO0HsqLR4DRnTQxM4+gjWu1S/wC6KaeCy6DTca3iHEB0RHI3fRKEQ0Rt J15nRdx1rp3+LBtbn43Vc2zKdsbWK2C0Bu1v6a2u2jCb/XrZlb//AD2s2yj/ABeveHNyuqV0 kktrNNJcGj831fV9znu+h7f66RAJJA4ddAbtTzHAjQ6qzj00WAusNldfALGb/d/W3MW3difU Strdub1Lc4hxHoUu9h/wf9IZtsr/AMI/d/1tX+hdJ+oeUcyzP6rk04OOd7K7afSsIJ2sLLab cxt38qr7P6v5/wDpE6IAJsA1+jRUXmKqenDJZXbfbXQ7bvt9P3D9/wDRep7v89E6hT0xjnV4 Lsi1wcSHWtY0Fv5ulNl35v8Awi6+zpf+KB7pPXM8yfdDHaQP5XT1Kvpn+KtgvtwOr5mTltpt dTVYH1tLgxxb+k+wV+mhHICeER0J6BVdbeAaBM2AujtMH+KsudgiHsxnhgjcHW8/dW1dJ9VO mfUrN6bc76wdRfh5Lbf0bahD9kcvLqMmvZu/c+gtL9kf4oBPqdazS5w1BaXEH+tVgbf+kiTw 6cJPiY8X/Okjf/feDsfTZYXVsdVX+7O8gf1tEzfsoZ7g9z54BAEfc5drk4H+Kuihwwuo52W6 yGvcWkGtvPqsa/Cpbb79n6Ld/wBcQcDpX+LE4Xq9S6vmC4uca211OY4sGjW2N9DMp9Tfv+jk fQTSfTxUCT3H5BPWtXk2HCiTXYTrw4R5fmKD3VemA0EHXcZ+5duOl/4o9knq/Uh7toaWiSB/ hPbg/Q/8EWf1XG/xfNbiM6fk53puNjsq97GPsEQ2mv0Yxa/f9Ldv/wC3P8GRIkEVWn7tKeU7 aDyKXaSfktLJp+rjbwMXKy7KNdzrKWMdx7drW5D1XYzpJsPq3XivsW1Nn5/pk3g0vij/AIyr 8D9jWr27mz4iRMaIjnY5tl4cBJ3BscfyVp9KxfqzbnVMz8zIpxnPaLH+iNGz+l3ObZY5ns+h sqtXU5fSP8T/ANpIPWMyvUy2kOcxsfynYVznf59iJuEdgb7euKty8LY3D2k0myQeHwND/V3J gMT0SS5/qngQNsf5y7izpn+KijDybMbqGdmOaGggANe0Fw3Op9fFxa3u/kO/8zQcTpX+K93T m2ZvWMs2bnOYyuossja0+jcz0Mun1N+/9Iy70/5aV+ni4Rttwq67vGbcb0jNjvUB0ZtBH+fv TObW1odXYHHuCCCF27+lf4n2sc4dY6g9zeGhhl39TdgBn+es/rlH1Bo6Ps6Bk5OVm3Wtn7UN prYGuLy3ZRQx+921n00Iy4jXCI6Vev8AFR0eXHpgRZMngtTA09y6e2gXZdP6b/izt6biP6v1 PJx881/rFWM1zmA7jtkuw7/f6Z9/v9NWG9I/xPHnrfUG99WH/vvT0JzMTXDtpsobPC3bC7fW 3aw8AqGu2Twt3604v1ax78Zn1cyrczFdVussvneLC501x6WM32s2fmrD9s8mEpDXtY16JC0S kOICUz8CnERrPkgBrv8AkpY6lPAEAhIaTr9y6LpWP9RLMKt/V8rPpzC0ixmOxhZu3HY9r7A5 zm+l9Nn76VDUqcBvolw3bojtBM/gmeGjRoMd5XWnE/xXS/087qsgEM9lRkx/xTP6v+DWT9Y6 fqxTfjN+r1199DmTe/JjeHk/ze1lVP0Wpw1Gw80OW1mN6bpc71fzRADf7TpKes0uaRYQyBA0 3Ek/Nv0V2OV0r/FrXgZrsHqWVk9QqpJpZY0trNkCNp+yfv8A77//AEoqP1a6f9SL+mXXfWTO vw7xcW0NoaSXMDWn/QZX5/8AxScLAsRHlR1U80aq9zg2yWASHOET/Z9yi5jQ0EOBPdo0j712 dPT/APFVbke/qnUaaNjiS+tp94dDRuqxrHe6v3bfs/8A17/BKp9YsH6g0dMFv1e6jk5eabQx 1eQNoFcWbrB+qUfnel/hEPSdOHceP/fK17vs/wBU/wDxLdH/APCGN/55rWssn6p/+Jbo3/hD G/8APNaVHUeq2dV6lg2Y9DfstFN+GG2vPqes/Nrb9pt9EfZ932Ov9HVRk+h+k/S5KrLnWSXP VdT6rb9upGfgf5P2vv6kKHnGb/SG5eDbT9v/AEOXg/Z6r8ix+d+jpya/UxK/56wV2f8AWpvS cTLFuJVmZe1lWHbiXb3WWvcccWM+3ssxfRwyy7qVTWZr8L7Nn378mupJT0y5T/1ov/a9/wDG NSzfrR1DCx7OpvrptwvVzserEAcy1rsBmdb6tmabLK7GZH7Js/RfYavR+1fz132b9Zu/szr/ AKnq/aum+p6nrb/2fZu9TZ9m9bd+093q/Zv1f1Pp+h+i/m0lP//Q87xx0p1MZDrftZsj2bRW KyD7/ove+zf+ahufjG8Mc0spaWiwshziAfe5m/b7nKs36fbnuke/8FciZcJoRFH1eKzS3bqf 9TGljb6uo2Vlzt99dlFbiPd6YbiGq70/zN/60hiz6pOxrdtPUMfIaT9ntFlVrXA8C+v0sXZt b/o7FjmNgiJ78z8/zUjECInymfnuUZu9hf13/qJT1+ibm72usoZq4Mhj9v53uiz3f56PmXdL uNf2Ki7HYxv6QWWNue95J94e2rGaxu38301T+7jtx/aSZ9IRHI/11TwT1Gn6V7oUWDcd5jz5 +SudOymY8V5LrbcGxw+1Yldnp7w36B/Pbvb/AMUql/8APOiefz+f+kmp+lptntu458/amxI4 6A1730T0TZf2H13/AGZtldRedjHkOcK/zQ97dvqWf5iudTz8C11VfSMR2JjtrYLKrH+uX2NH vu97f0e/9xizzt+0O3REn+cn/pbPcr1W/wDZmRt3enLZ2bNn0v8AC+p+sf1NifDUmvT/AHNZ UgsenZuBTjZLMqi2221u2osewMBlv84y2q76H5npq7az6k29Tc9lvUKcB7JFTaqn2NsgSwWO vZ6lO78/0a7PzNn+EWPZ9JseH5vP9rcht7fHtymyvQS18TSh4Ol1fJr3V9Pwci7I6djg/Z/V aGGXn1Lf0NbrK92/27tyz7DW/VjdgETrPZK76Ynd/a557Qo1xPl84+aUrN3Qj49vBIbfTa8C 1zq+o5VmLQ0Sx1VQuJfI0NTrMf27fz/URacbpdvUGY9mc+vDseAcp9PvYD/hLaGWu9rf3a73 rPbw/n5cc904n0u0bu0T/wCSSB01HTxV1dDPxcSmp4weojMxmuI2urfU7lwY/wBJ+9vub7vb YgUjFbjF3ruF7paaRXOnLT6m9v5yAJ9Hv9P5KLfpu44/ORB1jQ6deL/m+pHm3enOwG9Qpd1U Prwp/TChrXWFvgxtx2e7+Uo5tuAzNu/ZIt+xOcPRdlBhuHH0nVfo939RU3fS7/PlSbHpumJj TdM9vobfb/nJDiJ6gdEt3NyMY7fs4tdlN3/acqxwd6m7uGe7Y3b/AML70PCyMCu2o5mO6+lr w62pryze3vXvH83/AF1WESfnx/FDKMvcs7H/ABeH6f1kCm3nZOFfkufjYpxaTpXX6jrCB+bv ss+n/ZbWgk1D82SByDz+CgPpjjn5J7I3u+jz2n/optHXWF+PDaXVx83oB6c9mdj35PUXyyq4 W7KqWbf0Rrq2vfe7f/ONscxVMJ/S6rh9squvp2mW1WNqcXR7C1z6r27d37zFSHKJf9MTu4H0 /h22pXKzYHF4/wDo3/QU691n1QOLeKMXOrv2D7O6y+uweoCP52pmLR+i2/n+r/1tAwz0w0WW ZlpdsaPSxpIdY4+136VjHNqZV9P3/wA9/wAGst3b/UImPO9v+yf7KOIkk8IAFa/+hILbrtw7 OnnGtsdTbXYbK3bdzXAiHMft9zHe32fziA51Vdx+zvL2Ae1xbB1EO9slC09X82J89v8A5JWX 7trN38rb6ceP5mz83/jUQTY2v9Gr4uH/ABlKyKK8ZkeqXOsAc0taNjmn+Vu3/wDgaqi0g6aN Jkjn/qtyJkxLYnj8+Z5Pih/n+2Plx/002fET6NB4fN4pDOl7Wv8A0m703fSDCA4hEsGKxtbm OdaTPqVuG2DPth4Lt3tVcfT7fNTHLI286f7ZSjda1vpxUp1sPK+q7/Rp6riZexrYsycW1gtm XFobTfU6l7Nu1v09/wDLRKmfUo5dlj39RoxQf0FYZRbYQA332Wufj1Mc53+C9Gz/AIxY+XP2 l0zMjmP+jt9qQjWYmT9KfD+SlvM3wg9Dp/LiV00XyvQGQ8UPc+qf0bi0NJb+bvY36DlF7mCA ziI2uEoTkwQJlZ0CtExbSGy15Lv3S2B9+4o+K+ndsfv2Hks2h3xYX/RQHRs08BO2f+nuSb9A bo2z+dx/0PenwJv0jp0tBbmWzoRyq24l+U6kkC2y+tjXD97Y2q2zch5lXT2unAyLLhMDfUKj H73ttyP+rVT8x3ESmb5f6/em2dfTY68PzJbGNjtvsNZtazbwXmAf6vO5yvP6PigVbuqYgNjS 5zCLpZrtDbQ2lzWv/qPWS36f9yfv9/8AqUQRw/L569Edd206qjHfbQbm3EiG21SWaf12segN a2wEPuDA3VoIJk/2A5DMeXylMYQJNfKOGjtxfL4pbPoYuyXZTdwMbdjzp8YQi2sfRduHiWkI SkYgfwTRL+pEf4//AHyq8SsYnQpAt/uSHI/gke6YCb2SzbtJG9xDe414RGswywl9r22To3YC I/rb/pIB5Tu7fwT+IdYj68V/9JCd7MZoIFrrdOA3bB/FQY2osO95aQdAGySP+ihd/wC5MeUT LUegbHr/AOhcSvq2HfZmthpc8TyQG6fydSovdSagK924Tu3Rx22oZ4UR3RJlWgFV1VomY3HL Zssc1wOgDd0j/OapmrC5F7uJg16/1fpqueBwndyE0SFaxj/zuL/pK+1k4gODWmRGhiDBUNJT j6Xb5pzyePkhLcXpqliYTw4jTUDlM7nv807O/PyTRv1/wd1LDQpQCJJjwTJkBddx4qSNhsOa /UdoTEgnQyohSHz+SdZrYAf4X/dKZHbBh2vbRTq9A1u9Zz5H821gB1/lFx9qCeU7Pn8k6zew 2/5v+EhJSccPHrNc5k6hrg0x82uTPdSHSwHaDoHGTHbjaoO5PPz5UW89kiTWgjXc8Kn6A+rN H1kP1b6Uac7CZScLHNbH4drnBvpV7Gvsb1Kptj9v5/pV/wDFraPTnfb8vNZe6t+XjU4zdjW7 qzS7LsF7HW+rW5/699CynZ+h/wAKgfVP/wAS3Rv/AAhjf+ea1rKuucN/QMrKbkWZ+XXZfl/Z arjTSaqXY2Lc/Kdivx7cjKc/7YzIy8XKc/I9GzHt/o3856+hfg+t1HFzXPlmIy5raCJHqW+k 1mUHT7LaKa8nHZ7N/pZt/wCk/nPVuJJKeeyfqp9rZZh5GV/k11mXdVVXXtvbZmtyqsr1Mt1l lNlLP2nmehX9hq2fq3qW2+lb9oX2vrX2j7L+1cD1vX+ybP2fkfz3oftH0t37T2/0L9Nv+h/g /wCd/RroVyn/AK0X/te/+MaSn//Z --------------030505060002020900080309 Content-Type: image/jpeg; name="Ru6la2.jpg" Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Disposition: inline; filename="Ru6la2.jpg" /9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAgEASABIAAD/7QUoUGhvdG9zaG9wIDMuMAA4QklNA+0AAAAAABAASAAA AAEAAgBIAAAAAQACOEJJTQPzAAAAAAAIAAAAAAAAAAE4QklNBAoAAAAAAAEAADhCSU0nEAAA AAAACgABAAAAAAAAAAI4QklNA/UAAAAAAEgAL2ZmAAEAbGZmAAYAAAAAAAEAL2ZmAAEAoZma AAYAAAAAAAEAMgAAAAEAWgAAAAYAAAAAAAEANQAAAAEALQAAAAYAAAAAAAE4QklNBBQAAAAA AAQAAAABOEJJTQQMAAAAAARAAAAAAQAAAIAAAAAGAAABgAAACQAAAAQkABgAAf/Y/+AAEEpG SUYAAQIBAEgASAAA//4AJ0ZpbGUgd3JpdHRlbiBieSBBZG9iZSBQaG90b3Nob3CoIDQuMAD/ 7gAOQWRvYmUAZIAAAAAB/9sAhAAMCAgICQgMCQkMEQsKCxEVDwwMDxUYExMVExMYEQwMDAwM DBEMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMAQ0LCw0ODRAODhAUDg4OFBQODg4OFBEM DAwMDBERDAwMDAwMEQwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAz/wAARCAAGAIADASIA AhEBAxEB/90ABAAI/8QBPwAAAQUBAQEBAQEAAAAAAAAAAwABAgQFBgcICQoLAQABBQEBAQEB AQAAAAAAAAABAAIDBAUGBwgJCgsQAAEEAQMCBAIFBwYIBQMMMwEAAhEDBCESMQVBUWETInGB MgYUkaGxQiMkFVLBYjM0coLRQwclklPw4fFjczUWorKDJkSTVGRFwqN0NhfSVeJl8rOEw9N1 4/NGJ5SkhbSVxNTk9KW1xdXl9VZmdoaWprbG1ub2N0dXZ3eHl6e3x9fn9xEAAgIBAgQEAwQF BgcHBgU1AQACEQMhMRIEQVFhcSITBTKBkRShsUIjwVLR8DMkYuFygpJDUxVjczTxJQYWorKD ByY1wtJEk1SjF2RFVTZ0ZeLys4TD03Xj80aUpIW0lcTU5PSltcXV5fVWZnaGlqa2xtbm9ic3 R1dnd4eXp7fH/9oADAMBAAIRAxEAPwDgBb0kUsa7GuNoB9Wz7Q0Bx2vHtr+yO9P9OWWfzlv0 PT/4RQbZ082Od6NopdVtoZ6oLm27W/pnP9Ha9vq73+ht3/mev/hFmJK2tdmm7pDcKtluK+3I a5httF9bNw3y9rKjjWW1/oPZ/OPZ/hf+CVTIdjOtnHrdUGiHh72vDny6Xt211NZXt/wf/gio pIdlO867oX2e3Ziv3SPS3X1yGfo/ofq2/wD03qbVCq7pAvyPWxbH1vuYccC4NDKg93r1h3oO bZv/AEbd9VexjFiJJKdjOs6S/ArGJQ+rJlu5xtY88O372spqt+l/KVmy/oHqtLMJ+2ToMmot je3+d24jW/R3bVzySHXop278n6vOL/TwL2e1oaG5TSNwLvVdLcPb7mo7sj6vGl/p4VoJgNnJ rNgcWHY7+iizax3tv2rnUkeo+inXvv6L9rqczEt9MWON1ZyGEOZu/RsbY3GrZV7d3v2W/o0W 6/oJxR6OJaHl3bIYXD97dtxNzq/3FhpJfx6ftU67bujDEcHYtxtMw45DQQNzNu1pxN30VK27 oItMYdxbH/cpnM+JwVjJImq+xT2H+Lh1Z+vPTvSrc136f097wQP0F/0orZub/VXtt326WF5q 9L1W7wA7dG4emWndt3btu9fMSSr5PmXP/9k4QklNBAYAAAAAAAcAAQAAAAEBAP/+ACdGaWxl IHdyaXR0ZW4gYnkgQWRvYmUgUGhvdG9zaG9wqCA0LjAA/+4ADkFkb2JlAGSAAAAAAf/bAIQA DAgICAkIDAkJDBELCgsRFQ8MDA8VGBMTFRMTGBEMDAwMDAwRDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwM DAwMDAwMDAwMDAENCwsNDg0QDg4QFA4ODhQUDg4ODhQRDAwMDAwREQwMDAwMDBEMDAwMDAwM DAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwM/8AAEQgAHwJaAwEiAAIRAQMRAf/dAAQAJv/EAT8AAAEF AQEBAQEBAAAAAAAAAAMAAQIEBQYHCAkKCwEAAQUBAQEBAQEAAAAAAAAAAQACAwQFBgcICQoL EAABBAEDAgQCBQcGCAUDDDMBAAIRAwQhEjEFQVFhEyJxgTIGFJGhsUIjJBVSwWIzNHKC0UMH JZJT8OHxY3M1FqKygyZEk1RkRcKjdDYX0lXiZfKzhMPTdePzRieUpIW0lcTU5PSltcXV5fVW ZnaGlqa2xtbm9jdHV2d3h5ent8fX5/cRAAICAQIEBAMEBQYHBwYFNQEAAhEDITESBEFRYXEi EwUygZEUobFCI8FS0fAzJGLhcoKSQ1MVY3M08SUGFqKygwcmNcLSRJNUoxdkRVU2dGXi8rOE w9N14/NGlKSFtJXE1OT0pbXF1eX1VmZ2hpamtsbW5vYnN0dXZ3eHl6e3x//aAAwDAQACEQMR AD8A8wsaGhp3TvEn4lO0Swg8gTJ4TAwQ76UcAjRFe+pz22MpFbNJbuMGP6ysADf8Kv8AGKEL I/OO0DjSdU7iH2DcR2G4CNPgrLjVZQ5zcd35rGP3EgH7vcg0MsIsc1gd6Y3EkxGu2eR+cnGO w3B10QiIaHEA7h2PCdtbnOADSTzHkpOIc1rtQZ1MaI+3Dqc0sLskbZeI9ItPyNm5ARjfQC7/ AHfw9aUT7CN7apbW7lkz3UGlu067XRrPdONpsgE1seeOYB/zUxaWPImCzSQlrv0ukLMrc520 DXzgf9UneXOPuMObpCuZLekfYqXYpyTna/afUDBUP+IdW51n/bjVQnX/AFKEqiNrsqCQsDQ5 jjJOuhBH5UmVs1DyWkD2+3v5qWLt9US11k6bWmD8fo2K/k39DOMaqMPJrzjt/S2XseyR9P8A Q/Za/pf8YnARIBrrVKc22o1vDQ4OHiExBmYhviVq35fSP2ZTh19MNHUWD9PnPte4u/dDMV36 Kv6SoUemHA2gR9Ih2jSB4bCHe5AQF6f7yWF1Lq3tbIO5oc0+Idx9LahGY+KuX3Nvyw+ikY9Z IbXUXOe0AaRus3OQ7A61ltrWMADhJaeJmNrf7KRhE8RieuyEAnSOU4Y8kkhRBg6pzt7Tz3TA R1+zZK7WkztMQJSYCY5cZ4RWF92ytzmtY386IgfvHaNytB3S66rqbsa2y6B6VzLgGt/lGn0X b93/ABieICuIbd1W1LzWQIJD5O5h4HwQS3X4cqzjWUMBddV9okt0Jc3QHc731u/OY1admf8A V9uHdSejvbfa/dj5IynzU0hrfT9L09l3ubv/AEiMhxeo1rXmhxxU7TWDE7TpofimY5wLXahw MgrRzLsS/CrGP06uh1eluY2y15ef5bLH+nX/AGK1Lo9/Q6Hub1bBtzvUhrBVd6QYD+e1oY91 ln/Bv2JGNEcNDzUPFzHW2OO46kHlTyMp19he8NaXdmgAcR+bCV4cx76xuDZIgzIg/nD95qEG a+aaTOzG/DWt1UOyQMDYPLzqI7JnOG0GTvP0pHC6FnTOkYZdhdbw8unJfT9oozKrWOaGuZ6l Dn43pn9A7/CfpfW/trHxPsNZtdlY9mQ1zCyn03+nD9dj3+y3c3+QnESrSgq2s95eJfDSBz3K GR35Kv5VdrMqpuXj2Yo2sJZBD/T53gWBnuc36CuU5n1fx8m4/s77RUGRjjIvfG4Gd1/2QUer 7fzWurTZR4tLBr/nJvwcUVuLN4Og8xP+bO5Ju4EnmFsdM6rj417bR03FvftLK22tse2XH6Ya +/b6jZ/R7lk3TuMtDC0kFo40PZGUBEA/ykr8GI+jqR8ANU8Q0y6COBHMqAkkdvNbNfW2UYTM H9n4LxUHD7RZSXXOLjuO+0Wfmf4NNGt7fihx/cAAR5hOHEDQlbWD9Y34TchjenYN1eSQS2/H bYWa7ttW/wB213/qr01llr8i8uZWAXHcGMb7QD+6381iVG/SeL6Jv6MH2WuZ6ZADRrG0A/HQ blFzdkCZkK+6/Jd062n0KzTvZY+0sHqNMbWMZafe1j/3Fd6TkY1IxandGq6pk3O/QOc+/e50 7a2NoptrruZ6n5np/pPoJ5gddTohwS0+CcNcdoAieJWxj1Y/2/It6riPIxdzsjDY80O3Fwr2 H1WWvqYyx7VU6hXhlzbcKmyih5cGNseLOD+bd6eP9H/i0PaIBI1CuJqOYwOgTI5J4lN7YAgE /NaFXTb8l9tLaCLm1HIbt1AqYC97ngfyVntABlwO3sQjKNGqHqUqvaHe4e086apS4Asb9F3k JRq2Nts21NMkgMYSSfwH5yv3/sZ9VlmLh3Miz3b7Q8Nrj2t+hXtsdb/xjEvbJGlKvzcgA9uO 6noPaz3A8mFr9Ov6DhkXdU6XkZ27+brOQaats/S3V0+q7/PUsjqP1evbTVhdHdjvDnGyx+TZ aXj/AAbHMbXUxjGf1N6aI1LhNfYly7GtraHAl1joIO2APvUS71XussOrp1A7qxl4ttVVdjmV ipxLQ+tzXtJHuPva97/zmqxndUf1Cv0mYeNXtYAfQpax4DAwbt9f6R/0fpvUkokS3AA6Icoy NOIPKbQDn5K1hvrrL7LGCwhsMa/6JdP539lCuaA6du2YdAI0nX6P5qjMPTxBKENJOilteNCO yLVTZY4VsZLj7geCQP60LR6dHo+k7Cru9N7b7bbHuburadjqPUa5lDWfvIwxA6C/NFuSABBO vkpVgk9okEg8K2XYxc5rscNi0vc1hO5tf+haTLf7asYF2AGkfst2W+sueS614btA+ja2ltbv b/Jej7YFCx9BL/vVW5v5xc0Rt7iYCZ1gLQC5x11la12b07qDHVU9Op6cWh1j3UvvcXQPazbf bf8AnLJaZcBAOsAIHYEEHi8NQpY7AwEGXSZHkkXe1o7jT5JiDJ3aHsE7SQZ7HxQA1006fKlk bHEFogDyHKYA7OxV3fRW303UU2OYCXP3WAwR/WaxTw+o4tFNtduFRfa8DZbZ6h2gGYDG2sZ/ 0FJ7etGX4f8AdLb8HN2iYP8AcpVvaCGv1Z3gCUfJ33j7Tsrra5xaGV6agfu/SSovvx3HYGt9 vu3sa7n+u1yaIersO9Wm2v8ADvPKiBHKtPzslocxrgW2D3+xgHy9qCA5oBc0GdRKRjEyNE6b 6f8Ae8SkfcwEgJOiO7KeXSGMaNNNoPHxCc5NhDQGMG07oawT+RNEIy/SP+Kqygc3aQJnuU9j muPsBa09pSsc8vJIh06ponXlAkeoDbtVJW2garvf8S0/86codvsNh+fq4y4InsPuXff4lwf+ dOUSP+0Nn/n7FUcqI06JfaUk0pbh8ExS6ZKR4pSCkpyfrIP8nU+Wf0//ANvcRa6y+v1WXYFT KWOseM3BeWtBJ2szMW218D8yutj7LHfmMWokp//Q4b6sdVxeldWpzb8QZzaQ4tx7C1rS4tLd 259eR9D6X0V0o+v/ANXiXWn6o4Jp0H0at273Fz3W/ZP6v5i4gPtFYbY3cwH2gjSfJ7USnItq vbbXWwhrmksLd9ZI+jva/fuVkCBA4jqOqHtav8ZP1fZbI+qmG1jSHU7PTDmn9/8Aom3/AM9r E6H9YOm9O6nndRzel09Qpyw8U41+3a3dY27/AENlHtj/AEDP+DWBffbc8ve1jSdSGMawfdW1 qJQcg+wD2kQHOiAJ/lw1KPtgkE2DpaHY+sf1mwestxWYvSqemMxw/cyjZscX7N72trox9v8A N/4R9q6DN+vH1aYzMr6Z0Cj07q3Usymtrx7q2vr9F0bK8hz/AHue/fupXAvLQdsDcDq4f67V Lfaa3Nb9B0b9OP6zoS9Au5XXy0li5wNhjQffImfd9FaH1czunYPWsbM6lQcjDpc511Qh24bX Nb7bfY73fmLPq9IvAtltfct1RHvqFgdQ2REEEaT48vSviHETHf8AwkPadb+uvQs76vZ3TMTo jOmfaXMOPZS1gY4seHPe4Mpo2vaz9H7fU/4xcM5j6y1xETqD2K0bLM39mYf25uQ7p7XvOKx4 LaSJ/T/ZLXN27v8ASekqTn07rHBpBOjGEAwP5TvalUAKBA7Vul3PqT9Ycb6u9SyM63GblOfQ 6mupz/TBLnVv+m6u7/RroLf8ZP1fyLd+T9VMOx50c+x1byP5W44Tt64vpObZh2WWspbe41uY 0WM9Rg3CNxqPt9Rv+DegMvtG4hssI942jb/0QNqQGMgXv/LdD6Bkf4x/q63JFjfq3jZVrWMD sxwrqe5waGO2VupyX1Vfm1N+0/zS5/6rfWbo3RsbKZn9IZ1a3IcyBcWFjQwO2N2W0Xe7c93u asW3NdktaL6aQK2bWbGMpcR+9+haz1f7aqVODX743MBnbyDH5rkv1Y6+mW+qnps36zdKzvrJ 0zquP0uvplGG6r1caot2O9O03OP6Oiv6bXbPoLU639e+g9Q+rmd03E6U3p+ZmOrJNAZsiuxl 2625rabLH+z/ALj/APXFxebktysl1wx68UEAGmrcGiO49Z9lnu/robrg6k1+m0e7cHge7+qg ZQrStPlPX/FTqwcSQNB8kRzm7gWs0gAtPjCEIhSh4cNoAJHYyiCO+6PoyrYBuc5ogRzPj22l d676+/VOpjqsH6r4rhVWK6bbthsMM9P9J+rXOfs+j+kyf0v+kXAwBJkuIhaF3Un5Je6nFZjv I/RtoYAAI23QNv0Nv00axmhKhX4/4nCrV6D6v/Wb6tdP6dmWdR6NjZmY99Rox3V+xzWjY9/q 3Myq6nN97vZTWrZ/xifViRu+p2Cf5U1af+yK4/C6j9jc9zsWjJe7ad17C/YWncNtZc2p+79y 1npvV1/1ny3MNP2HA9UvDxf9ioFoI27WNHpens9v7iZPhlraXX6z9cuhdU6XfhYn1cxen5GR tDcmn0zY0tsZa76GLQ/9Ixmz+dU/q99deh9L6Xi4Wb0SjPvxbHkXvaxtjWud6rXt3037rGO9 v06v8Guc6p1l3UCz1cHEx7WDa6zGpNLnfyrK63Np3f8AW1DpvUcvBe12Gyqy1zhDX49d7gQf Zs9eq3a//i04CFUa/FGrc+sfWsXqnVMjLqwqKQ6x5GwOYXhzt7H3sbZs9Tb9P02/19/01Sb1 HHbYy1uFQXtgFkP2mBt3bHWO96A93qNdvDWuklxgAlxPujhC3N0BAJHfyRJ/dIA/JVPrH1g+ vv1X6b1NtuB03G6i7Jp3v6lQa22A2B1bqnF+O97n+ns3sss+h+jsXKfV3659K6R0t+Bk9Cp6 kbbhaXWObtJa0VsdsuoyPfX+k97f9L+YsKnPvq6fkYtdNbsO4gvc+ppc0gy0VZJ3WVud/XU+ hdR6vi9RN3SKd+W5jm7WVeqQwj9JtrLbPzfpPTaiBw8Q1+1VPRZv1twb/rZ07rWTg2VYeHVW z0GPaQ3bvsqbjvpFLHUse/3V2fTZ+jV+36+fVxoFt/1PxTU8F1dn6J26T/4S27nf4T3LgLq7 WPmwgvc6XBrmkz/Y3bHfyFrYv1hzqQDb0/FyaRj2UOZZjtDSxzv0lzn0Cq31GP8A8M2xGXAd CD6drKdXqMH6+fVq/Oox6/qjhUufY1gtmoFkuDfV/oX5k7ly31pzarevdSc2mi1jsm0ttrEA tLj6etLmN+j/AOpFHG65hNwziHo+EXEO9LIi31Wucfa7e7Ifu9NZTHWNJLPpwQREmPzyhExi N6v/AAv+aVG2D7GvcIraz4SR/wBIuXol/wBfvqocmxp+q2Fa0AEWvFW5xge1obiW/nfy15y4 ndJ58OFpN6h09uEMc9NpffBByy+0Wc6H022jG/8AAUhwmwaP/N/6KnrT/jE+rZdsf9T8FxHG 41CJ4+lgoOR9dOhnrmNk29BxvsmOWvY2sgWtftbtay3H9Ci6tj6/oZdN3/W1zWFndGpxrKsz pgyr3uYabvWsrcxg/nG+0uqfv/e2KnecUXtdjtd6WhNb3bj/ACmB7A1IRA4v2FG72nW/rt0X qP1Zu6bidIr6ZbfbXYKqfTNbmMO51lhqorc2zd7djfT/AOP/AMCidN/xgdEw8Hp9bvq/Vk3Y VbWjKtc3cx7XPs/V7H419jWte91lfv3/AKT/AK6uKvtZfrTT9lrHYF7p+G/crWH1l2J0zKwf 2fi3jJPvyr63PtYeG+hZu21O/spS4Koa/VT3lX+MLomUeo5uZ0DGre6kOi1wLsr31s9G5xxi 2z6PqV+pv9P01kdY+u/SOoY3T629DxqcbDsftxXPdsaHEOs9D7IzEdS5/wC9+kr9T/AW/TXI YeRZj3MtbX6tog4zXtL27twI2sPtf/mod9l9mS62wRc9xLmtbtIdPGxoYiPbj6gNfPZWvd7z pX+MToHT2244+r2O1noGhlrCzfZUGN/V8t5xx6/2ixn6Z/8A7LrPt/xgdKcLW0/VfplfqGKz 6bCWtj3B/p1Uutfu/PY6pYmF1H6yMxMqnBqs9K4tOU9lO4iBp+k2O9D/AK36azN9sw8HdrBI Eymk4ydD9Uvf9C/xgdC/adHrdAwsBrACcvEa1ljHtb73sc2ul7arX/4P1P5n9Fb9oUbv8ZvS RhZGLh/VzEpZc4FzHhj6rdp+lfSyinc/89n86uBbZYHNc5u5rTMEaGOz/wCStfrPV+q9QNT+ pYtdDGtJxGtpbQxrD2qbtb61f9qz3pAQ/wB9Wr1V/wDjJ+rz6MZln1Yx8o1V7Qy0s21kkudT j+pjZDvR/OQG/wCMT6sl3t+puBPjupH5cFcvg9ezcPHFTMbEtrBcZuxabSSef0ltL/oqHUer 35z8U5ONTUaWFrXVUMpLwT9OxlLaqn7fzNjEOGFizoVWXqvrB9eOg9S6LidPo6OzEvqeS1o2 huO0uD3fYrMb7O532lv87/R/f/pFbd/jH6Ni2ZWPV9Xqsa22myl+QHsfY72+xmR+r/pmOs2e p6l64nNzRbh00UYxoqqjc90OL7vzrfU9Nj2+3/Abk2Xmtuuc+/DazJI2WSXNG6Npeaz9Gz/v 6kMcQ0Er1uK3Xs9R0n66fVrFwQ3N+reNc51xkNG5jWnbudW3LGW5r/8Ag6vSqVP65fWXpPV+ qUZuDgtdj10MrDL2Gs+0uO3bh5G3Z7/+DXNYooLgMn+bggGTAd2c7adzm/1EO6wPcTXWK2gQ QzdEDv7nPQJjH1Xrt9U02snLovcXHDpxWE7tuOX+Ebd19t+1dx0n/GJ0Lo2D0+inpJybRSwZ mU97Bbua4n27m3PtYz3WY+++r0/5v9GvOBujXhWKMkVgB1TLaw4OIcOYP0d493uS44yoGx/L +qqnvcX/ABk9HLs0ZHQMbItyC731MZV9oDn7tua17cl293867fbkb3oI/wAYn1XHH1OwZ+NQ /EYS4zEvyWZDbcasS14dWwtDhumWN927f7vzVqP+s/UGYtuHmdPwbLngg5V+HX9oaD2rftZ/ nOqemyjDSjrfinV6Kv8Axg/VhwfH1SxKQWuabK/RPI+jDsIM/wA9ZWZ9demXZbrMb6t9Nore wUitzHOhhO6wn0HYtXqbv5u77P69aycjreNfgfYx0nDxzyMmkW+tI/4S6+72O/0e1Zdb4dO0 E+CNQ0rTvr+KHox9aem6ts+r3TW1vJJIZdOn83td6/s9387/AKVBt+s2DcbZ6D05vrRuLRe2 IM+z08lnp/8AW1hhwBl7Jb2aSYTucN4LWAaaCSf+qKIMbvi691U95X9d/qxg9Px8dv1Zx8ki sG71nh0O8K35dOVfaz+v/NqA/wAYf1ZM/wDYdgEdh+i0H/sCuTxOpV4gd6uFjZZcCA29jyWz +e19VlShj5+PX63rYFV5tgsk2tFY/O2elaz/AKfqJTjjMt6vx4lAl3PrL9aeldYwsWrB6XT0 oY9r3WU0lkO3BkO9SujHc36K2D/jA+qe1k/VjGvta0b33NqLnEDad9rsd73f11wNj6nvc9rB WDwwSQPm8q7hP6MDWcxl74P6RtTg0nX/AADiyz/ppwET6bjQ8Sp61/8AjF+rRAafqfhECdoJ qIH/ALIrP6h9b+l5trPU6DisxiQamM9j6mSA+uq7Hrx2u43fpq7VhWW9CNTwzHym2EnY51rH AeG9voM3f56qXWh7GB1e0tENOokJojGNniF9NU34Pa3/AOMH6vmwhn1T6eCTq6wVvnUbtfsj fzVF/wDjC6AbA6r6p9OrALTuLGOMA+6NuNX7v3FxbbMaB+ieXfnQ+B/1Cnbdikn0scs8Nzyf 4JvDHpIb9eNWvYutkfWbEuuyLrej4d1mRa6wWPFrSwOPsra3Htor9n9VZj+oUOY5ow6Wlzt0 g26fyWzc5VSRB05UJ8kTkIOk/wAFCIbzM+kM2fYaD33E2A/+fl3n+KfLx7/rG9lOLVjPqwbh Y6ovO8G3F27ha6z3NXm8mRI+C7f/ABTYlGd9Ysii42saMN7pousodItoEetiPou2/wDXEJZL ibkD9EU+q/W1uSPq71G/FyrcO7Hxr7mvp2BxLKnuawvsZY5nH06fRu/0djEH601204F3UarM oW49TnUuqtNdOO5rbLT1DMprfS7Ooreyr7RjPr6h+ir/AFbA/S5PrXH9I6Zj4OXXk2WnDvqe 3LOVlXWtFRa5tvvy7rPQb6f07K/SUeoYPRsm2y7Pc1rseoOyx6zqmGibCz9o112115OF7MrY zOZZjf0v9H/PqBc0v2bTkdfeym/KbTj1vdnEZeTsNuS1zKcWpn2g49HpUOuyrGU04t2N6vSb cT9EqNFDn245pyMsdN6tnHHrY7KyHOdj4+NnXtyasmy+3Ip+25uP69d2FkV1ZXTfsP8Apcnf 0uPThMyMp9Bab7Lg7KDX7j6wpprG9u79E/7JXjfo/wDRfpP8Mq32HotvTcLCrcwYgbW3prqr 3MfDK3+j9jy6bW5P9Dbb76b99uL9o/nKX2pKcj6vuu6j1K+nLyL319M/orW3WM+jndVwm/aT Q9n2/wDVum4df679o/m3/wDcjJ9brFz9uN0ek0WdPrN+Ti3UVOZi5FjX7X5LqbLs/wCzWbsx uPd+0Mi77f62+yvqHqWfpstdAkp//9k= --------------030505060002020900080309-- From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 12103 invoked from network); 8 Apr 2002 20:01:29 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by exhibition.plus.net with SMTP; 8 Apr 2002 20:01:29 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 947 invoked from network); 8 Apr 2002 20:01:23 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 8 Apr 2002 20:01:23 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16ugoj-0005Z1-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Mon, 08 Apr 2002 22:36:49 +0100 Received: from imo-r07.mx.aol.com ([152.163.225.103]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16ugoi-0005Yl-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 08 Apr 2002 22:36:48 +0100 Received: from WarmSpgs@aol.com by imo-r07.mx.aol.com (mail_out_v32.5.) id l.14c.bea8dfe (4329) for ; Mon, 8 Apr 2002 15:58:00 -0400 (EDT) From: WarmSpgs@aol.com Message-ID: <14c.bea8dfe.29e35048@aol.com> Date: Mon, 8 Apr 2002 15:58:00 EDT Subject: Re: LF: change To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Mailer: AOL 4.0 for Windows 95 sub 120 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: In a message dated 4/8/02 1:14:27 PM Eastern Daylight Time, g3kev.mal@virgin.net writes: << Netscapeonline is going QRT soon, it appears AOL is taking over. I have changed to VIRGIN and it seems to work well so far. >> I hate to tell you this, Mal, but AOL has owned Netscape for years. Now that they're the AOLTimeWarnerTurnerCNNCompuServeNetscape&maybesoonRedHatLinux megalopoly, they're integrating what they own very tightly and are taking over everything else as quickly as possible, too. As Glorious Leader Steve Case likes to say to us members in his weekly thought-wave messages, "Prepare to be absorbed into the collective consciousness, puny earthlings!" John From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 21877 invoked from network); 8 Apr 2002 20:00:01 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 8 Apr 2002 20:00:01 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 28605 invoked from network); 8 Apr 2002 19:59:59 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 8 Apr 2002 19:59:59 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16ugio-0005Y8-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Mon, 08 Apr 2002 22:30:42 +0100 Received: from mta09-acc.tin.it ([212.216.176.40] helo=fep09-svc.tin.it) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16ugin-0005Y3-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 08 Apr 2002 22:30:41 +0100 Received: from base ([212.171.201.228]) by fep09-svc.tin.it (InterMail vM.4.01.03.13 201-229-121-113) with SMTP id <20020408195221.KDVL17611.fep09-svc.tin.it@base> for ; Mon, 8 Apr 2002 21:52:21 +0200 From: "VALERIO" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: LF: Re: RU6 qso's Date: Sat, 6 Apr 2002 21:51:48 +0200 X-Mailer: KMail [version 1.1.99] Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; format=flowed References: In-reply-to: MIME-Version: 1.0 Message-ID: <02040621514800.00859@base> Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hello all, Saturday night i had a qrss qso with RU6LA (o/o) and short after a fb normal cw qso with UA6LV (579/559). The signal from Russia, despite some qsb, was always audible during whole time i was in the shack. I cannot say if it was worst than last week, because i never heard Ed during nigth time. Interesting to note that i cannot copy any signal from Rehino (OH5UFO) during his qso with RU6LWZ. Many thanks to Ed and the other OM of Russian LF expedition for the effort, hope to hear them again in LF. '73, Valerio (IK5ZPV) From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 7643 invoked from network); 8 Apr 2002 19:46:14 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by exhibition.plus.net with SMTP; 8 Apr 2002 19:46:14 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 16448 invoked from network); 8 Apr 2002 19:46:08 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 8 Apr 2002 19:46:08 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16ugUf-0005UU-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Mon, 08 Apr 2002 22:16:05 +0100 Received: from mrwint.cisco.com ([198.135.0.176] helo=cisco.com) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16ugUd-0005UN-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 08 Apr 2002 22:16:04 +0100 Received: from virgin.net (ams-clip-vpn-dhcp103.cisco.com [10.50.0.102]) by cisco.com (8.8.8/2.6/Cisco List Logging/8.8.8) with ESMTP id UAA20702 for ; Mon, 8 Apr 2002 20:37:23 +0100 (BST) Message-ID: <3CB1F134.D406289A@virgin.net> Date: Mon, 08 Apr 2002 20:36:21 +0100 From: "Stewart Bryant" X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.76 [en]C-CCK-MCD (Windows NT 5.0; U) X-Accept-Language: en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: LF: MC8309P References: <2493222.1018278457301.JavaMail.computernetworks@gomailjtp05> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: A friend and I are trying to repair an old HP counter (HP 5345A). One of its faults is a failed HP 1820-0610 , which has the commercial equivalent MC8309P. Does anyone on this list know a reasonably priced source of MC8309P?. Alternatively, I understand that this is a TTL part of some description, and I was wondering if it could be functionally replaced with one or more modern faster parts. However I do not have a data sheet, and cannot find one on the web. Does anyone on the list know where I can find a datasheet? Many thanks Stewart G3YSX From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 5639 invoked from network); 8 Apr 2002 18:41:16 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by exhibition.plus.net with SMTP; 8 Apr 2002 18:41:16 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 10291 invoked from network); 8 Apr 2002 18:41:11 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 8 Apr 2002 18:41:11 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16ufZO-0005Lf-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Mon, 08 Apr 2002 21:16:54 +0100 Received: from nat2.excitenetwork.com ([63.236.75.4] helo=xmxpita.excite.com) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16ufZN-0005La-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 08 Apr 2002 21:16:53 +0100 Received: by xmxpita.excite.com (Postfix, from userid 110) id C9831BF79; Mon, 8 Apr 2002 14:38:16 -0400 (EDT) To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: RE: LF: 1 Rus LF DX-pedition #5 From: "john sexton" MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Sender: computernetworks@excite.com X-Mailer: PHP Content-Type: text/html; charset=windows-1252 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Message-ID: <20020408183816.C9831BF79@xmxpita.excite.com> Date: Mon, 8 Apr 2002 14:38:16 -0400 (EDT) Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hi All,
I see Ed decided to send his report direct as well, which you will probably see before my forwarding, but he has also added some additional information not in the first version.
Well I can only translate what I am given, hi!
73 John, G4CNN

--- On Mon 04/08, Ed Lesnichy wrote:
> Hello LF Group!
>
> Last news (15z 8 apr):
> - We inform on the ending 1-st Rus LF DX-pedition
> - We inform on the beginning regular UA6 LF-activity
> - our QSOs 6-7 apr (time in z):
> 6apr 2054 OH5UFO QRSS3 RU6LWZ
> 2120 IK5ZPV QRSS3 RU6LA
> 2140 IK5ZPV CW UA6LV
> .... KN97LN Russian RU6LWZ LF crew (RU6LA,UA6LV,UA6LFQ)
> W0DKA russian tradition after very new one SRI..
> 7apr 0005 OM2TW QRSS3 RU6LA
> 0038 M0BMU QRSS3 RU6LA (2824km)
> - all RX on beverage 1km long and up 2.5m
> - Big LF ANT on air
>
> Some Rus LF-information (that is known to me for today):
>
> - 29 jun 1998 radio amateurs of Russia have permission for
> 135.7-137.8 kHz A1A with power (Output):
> 100w 1 kategory
> 50w 2/3 kat
> 10w 4 kat
> - 1998-99 experiments UA9OBA and RW9OWN (2km distance)
> - 19 may 2000 QSO CW RN2FA <> UA2FF (10km)
> - 1 may 2001 1107z RA9MB <> UA9MAZ (5km)
>
> In time 1-st Rus DX-pedition us accepted in CW and QRSS:
> UA3DOX(~1000km), UU4JMG(~400km), UR5MID(~150km), UT2IO(~130km)
> On UR (Ukraine) LF it is not allowed.
> Other HAMs were interested LF:
> RV3DA, RX3QFM, RN6BN, RV6LNA (now in A6), YL2DX
>
> 73! Ed RU6LA mailto:ed@dx.ru
>
>
>
>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 14620 invoked from network); 8 Apr 2002 18:34:49 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 8 Apr 2002 18:34:49 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 21104 invoked from network); 8 Apr 2002 18:32:53 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 8 Apr 2002 18:32:53 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16ufRK-0005JV-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Mon, 08 Apr 2002 21:08:34 +0100 Received: from nat2.excitenetwork.com ([63.236.75.4] helo=xmxpita.excite.com) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16ufRI-0005JO-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 08 Apr 2002 21:08:32 +0100 Received: by xmxpita.excite.com (Postfix, from userid 110) id 336F6BF7A; Mon, 8 Apr 2002 14:29:55 -0400 (EDT) To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: LF: Big LF ANT on air - forwarded from Ed Lesnichy From: "john sexton" MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Sender: computernetworks@excite.com X-Mailer: PHP Content-Type: text/html; charset=windows-1252 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Message-ID: <20020408182955.336F6BF7A@xmxpita.excite.com> Date: Mon, 8 Apr 2002 14:29:55 -0400 (EDT) Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hi Guys,
Ed has asked me to translate his weekend report into English, which I do with pleasure and append below:

Final news at the conclusion of the First Russian LF DX Expedition (15.00Z 8 April):
Russian Station W0DKA RU6LWZ LF crew (RU6LA,UA6LV,UA6LFQ)

Completed QSOs 6-7 April (times in UTC):
6apr 2054 OH5UFO QRSS3 RU6LWZ
2120 IK5ZPV QRSS3 RU6LA
2140 IK5ZPV CW UA6LV

7apr 0005 OM2TW QRSS3 RU6LA
0038 M0BMU QRSS3 RU6LA

We now plan to start regular UA LF activity.

Some General information about LF activities in Russia:

The LF band 135.7 - 137.8 kHz was allocated to Russian amateurs on 29 June 1998 for A1A (CW), with the following powers
Category 1: up to 100 W Output.
Category 2/3: up to 50 W Output.
Category 4: up to 10 W Output.

The first experiments were made in 1998-99 between UA9OBA and RW9OWN (a distance of 2km)
- 19may 2000 RN2FA and UA2FF (10km)
- 1may 2001 1107z RA9MB and UA9MAZ (5km)

Following our LF DX-pedition, new interest in LF has arisen on the Russian-Asian Reflector.
We hope that new Russian LF calls will be heard in the near future.
We were heard for sure by UA3DOX(~1000km), UU4JMG(~400km), UR5MID(~150km),
UT2IO(~130km) although in (Ukraine) the 136kHz band is not yet available to amateurs.
There is also known to be great interest in LF by RV3DA, RX3QFM.
Best regards,
Ed mailto:ed@dx.ru
-----------------------------------------------------------

Ed asks: "I don't know how Russian humour will go down in the External World, but W0DKA can be read in two ways." In reply I can assure him that it will be understood world wide, although we (English) use a V rather than a W. Let's not start a war over spelling, hi!
John, G4CNN

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 1762 invoked from network); 8 Apr 2002 18:30:46 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 8 Apr 2002 18:30:46 -0000 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 3490 invoked from network); 8 Apr 2002 18:17:02 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 8 Apr 2002 18:17:02 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16ufBh-0005ED-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Mon, 08 Apr 2002 20:52:25 +0100 Received: from nort.infotecstt.ru ([80.68.3.204] helo=relay.dx.ru) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16ufBf-0005E8-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 08 Apr 2002 20:52:24 +0100 Received: from ed.dx (ed.dx [10.0.1.11]) by relay.dx.ru (8.9.3-PM01/8.9.3) with ESMTP id WAA89855 for ; Mon, 8 Apr 2002 22:14:19 +0400 (MSD) Date: Mon, 8 Apr 2002 22:13:58 +0400 From: "Ed Lesnichy" X-Mailer: The Bat! (v1.35) UNREG / CD5BF9353B3B7091 Organization: Ed Lesnichy X-Priority: 3 Message-ID: <0926.020408@dx.ru> To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: LF: 1 Rus LF DX-pedition #5 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hello LF Group! Last news (15z 8 apr): - We inform on the ending 1-st Rus LF DX-pedition - We inform on the beginning regular UA6 LF-activity - our QSOs 6-7 apr (time in z): 6apr 2054 OH5UFO QRSS3 RU6LWZ 2120 IK5ZPV QRSS3 RU6LA 2140 IK5ZPV CW UA6LV .... KN97LN Russian RU6LWZ LF crew (RU6LA,UA6LV,UA6LFQ) W0DKA russian tradition after very new one SRI.. 7apr 0005 OM2TW QRSS3 RU6LA 0038 M0BMU QRSS3 RU6LA (2824km) - all RX on beverage 1km long and up 2.5m - Big LF ANT on air Some Rus LF-information (that is known to me for today): - 29 jun 1998 radio amateurs of Russia have permission for 135.7-137.8 kHz A1A with power (Output): 100w 1 kategory 50w 2/3 kat 10w 4 kat - 1998-99 experiments UA9OBA and RW9OWN (2km distance) - 19 may 2000 QSO CW RN2FA <> UA2FF (10km) - 1 may 2001 1107z RA9MB <> UA9MAZ (5km) In time 1-st Rus DX-pedition us accepted in CW and QRSS: UA3DOX(~1000km), UU4JMG(~400km), UR5MID(~150km), UT2IO(~130km) On UR (Ukraine) LF it is not allowed. Other HAMs were interested LF: RV3DA, RX3QFM, RN6BN, RV6LNA (now in A6), YL2DX 73! Ed RU6LA mailto:ed@dx.ru From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 4439 invoked from network); 8 Apr 2002 18:16:00 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 8 Apr 2002 18:16:00 -0000 Received: (qmail 2762 invoked from network); 8 Apr 2002 18:15:54 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 8 Apr 2002 18:15:54 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16uf4K-0005DY-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Mon, 08 Apr 2002 20:44:48 +0100 Received: from mta3.snet.net ([204.60.203.69]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16uf4J-0005DT-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 08 Apr 2002 20:44:47 +0100 Received: from cianciolo (97.79.252.64.snet.net [64.252.79.97]) by mta3.snet.net (8.12.1/8.12.1/SNET-smtp-1.1/D-1.1/O-1.1) with SMTP id g38I4ggo000117; Mon, 8 Apr 2002 14:04:42 -0400 (EDT) Message-ID: <001201c1df28$728b4420$6e01a8c0@cianciolo> From: "PC" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org, lowfer@mailman.qth.net, "Ashlock,William" References: <5.1.0.14.0.20020408141056.00b0bcd8@gemini.herts.ac.uk> Subject: LF: Ground loss diffferences between loops and verticals Date: Mon, 8 Apr 2002 14:08:54 -0400 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hello Folks, Here in the New England area of the USA there have been a number of experimenters trying loops in the LF band. I have been experimenting with a 200' length(50 feet on a side ) of #24wire 100 pair of telephone cable. A total of 200 wires woven specifically to be minimize crosstalk between pairs and common mode interference. I thought that this may approximate a "Poor Mans Litz Wire". After carefully stripping and solders all the wires, and terminating them into a 1" copper braid, I installed the 60 plus pounds of wire into a diamond shape on my tower. After resonating the loop using silver mica's and measuring the -3db point with a selective voltmeter the antenna had a dismal "Q" of 61 !! Others using similar setups but different conductors have measured "Q" of 180 and above. Also the slope either side of resonance was not smooth at all, there seemed to be peaks among the slope. When looking at the current and voltage waveforms at the feed of the antenna, using the test tool described in the LF handbook, it could be seen that a the current was a perfect sinewave but the voltage waveform always had a flat top or a double peak. Changing resonance or turns on the matching transformer would only changeflat spot slightly. Loop Rac measures 1 Ohm based on matching transformer ratio. Now the loop is on a tower that is 130 feet tall. The guy wires are not broken up with insulators. So is it possible that there is a resonance in the guy wires causing the double peak? /If so why only on the voltage wave forms? This test unit built by W1VD has been used to adjust his antenna and this does not seem to be a problem with his antenna. That was some background, here are my main questions. A) When visualizing the losses from the earth in a vertical antenna system, they would appear to be in series with the Radiation Resistance, thereby limiting the current that thae antenna can draw. Is this statement true? Current flows from the radiator and returns through the earth(limiting the current) which is lossy and thus making a poor radiator. B) How does the earth effect the a loop? Does it look like a lossy secondary of a transformer? Since the loop is "closed" is cannot be truly in series with the antenna. Perhaps the affect is a reflected impedance from the ground causing current to flow in the antenna. In a loop the Rac is determined by the radiation resistance, in series with the loss of the capacitor, in series with the loss in the inductor and an unknown series loss for the earth. Is this true? The antenna I have radiates but not well. Will be experimenting with other conductors and also locating the antenna away from the tower. Please comments Thank you PaulC W1VLF From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 24515 invoked from network); 8 Apr 2002 18:09:09 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 8 Apr 2002 18:09:09 -0000 Received: (qmail 5802 invoked from network); 8 Apr 2002 17:14:56 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 8 Apr 2002 17:14:56 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16ueB3-00055e-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Mon, 08 Apr 2002 19:47:41 +0100 Received: from mta6-svc.virgin.net ([62.253.164.46]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16ueB2-00055Z-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 08 Apr 2002 19:47:40 +0100 Received: from g3h6f1 ([62.252.208.234]) by mta6-svc.virgin.net (InterMail vM.4.01.03.27 201-229-121-127-20010626) with SMTP id <20020408170936.CCWP19832.mta6-svc.virgin.net@g3h6f1> for ; Mon, 8 Apr 2002 18:09:36 +0100 Message-ID: <001601c1df17$c8f7a800$ead0fc3e@g3h6f1> From: "mal hamilton" To: "rsgb" Subject: LF: change Date: Mon, 8 Apr 2002 17:05:14 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/html; charset=windows-1252 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.50.4522.1200 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Content-transfer-encoding: 8bit
Netscapeonline is going QRT soon, it appears AOL is taking over. I have changed to VIRGIN and it seems to work well so far.
73 de Mal/G3KEV
 
From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 20114 invoked from network); 8 Apr 2002 16:08:03 -0000 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 8 Apr 2002 16:08:03 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 19667 invoked from network); 8 Apr 2002 14:04:08 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 8 Apr 2002 14:04:08 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16ubEz-0004b9-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Mon, 08 Apr 2002 16:39:33 +0100 Received: from hestia.herts.ac.uk ([147.197.200.9]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16ubEy-0004b4-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 08 Apr 2002 16:39:32 +0100 Received: from gemini ([147.197.200.44] helo=gemini.herts.ac.uk) by hestia.herts.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.22 #1) id 16uZi4-0001Em-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 08 Apr 2002 15:01:28 +0100 Received: from [147.197.232.252] (helo=rsch-15.herts.ac.uk) by gemini.herts.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #1) id 16uZi3-0002QN-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 08 Apr 2002 15:01:27 +0100 Message-ID: <5.1.0.14.0.20020408143832.00a7b240@gemini.herts.ac.uk> X-Sender: mj9ar@gemini.herts.ac.uk X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1 Date: Mon, 08 Apr 2002 14:56:02 +0100 To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org From: "James Moritz" Subject: Re: LF: QRSS In-reply-to: References: <3.0.1.16.20020326101024.2d07bb30@pb623250.kuleuven.be> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Dear Alex, LF Group, At 04:18 PM 08/04/2002 +0000, you wrote: >When trying to recive RU6 signals I have hear someone similar DCF39 about >138.83 kHz. But delay between 'RTTY bursts'is not 10 sec. but about 18 >sec. Sometimes the delay is about 4 sec. but not often. I wonder is this >stn DFC39 indeed? Yes, that sounds like it - the data telegrams are not transmitted at equal intervals > I copy this stn (audibaly) very nice at night time. I do not measure >S/N ratio but its seems to be 15 dB or more... My input filter (135.5 .. >137.8 kHz) reject 138.83 kHz about 10 dB. So real S/N is more 25 dB! The ERP of DCF39 is about 40kW I think (+46dBW) - so the S/N with a 0dBW ERP amateur signal should be about -21dB. Assuming this is in a bandwidth of around 300Hz, you should in theory be able to copy QRSS with fairly long dot lengths, such as 30s, over the same distance, if your RX has good frequency stability. > Unfortunely I do not hear this stn in day time. Also I can not hear >it at evening (befor 01 or 02 local) because of very strong industrial >QRM (TV sets I think). I think many of us have these problems... > I wonder also does DCF39 radiate all the time or part of time only? Almost all the time - it occasionally goes QRT, probably just for maintenance. Cheers, Jim Moritz 73 de M0BMU From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 8616 invoked from network); 8 Apr 2002 15:42:48 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 8 Apr 2002 15:42:48 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 18818 invoked from network); 8 Apr 2002 15:29:24 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 8 Apr 2002 15:29:24 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16ucJ8-0004oK-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Mon, 08 Apr 2002 17:47:54 +0100 Received: from [204.202.140.198] (helo=webmailmta.go.com) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16ucJ7-0004oD-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 08 Apr 2002 17:47:53 +0100 Received: from gomailjtp05 ([10.212.0.165]) by mta06.seamail.go.com (Sun Internet Mail Server sims.4.0.2001.07.26.11.50.p9) with ESMTP id <0GU9009FI8P7P4@mta06.seamail.go.com> for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 8 Apr 2002 08:07:55 -0700 (PDT) Date: Mon, 08 Apr 2002 08:07:37 -0700 (PDT) From: "John Sexton" Subject: LF: G4CNN Change of web site To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Message-ID: <2493222.1018278457301.JavaMail.computernetworks@gomailjtp05> MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Mailer: GoMail 3.0.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hi All, Unfortunately, my free web page provider has closed the free service as have several others. As a result I have moved my web page to http://www.qsl.net/g4cnn If you have a link to my site on your page, would you be kind enough to change it. I have taken the opportunity to update my web page and have added two new items: 1) Units and formula conversions from Gaussian to SI 2) Details of the construction of my GW4ALG Marathon 5 W QRP Tx. In case you are wondering why you haven't heard it on-air, I have tried it out, but QRP is the wrong way to go here. I might use it as input to a 1kW PA stage in the future. Meantime it gives me even more incentive to do something about my Tx antenna. 73, John, G4CNN computernetworks@go.com ___________________________________________________ GO.com Mail Get Your Free, Private E-mail at http://mail.go.com From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 4261 invoked from network); 8 Apr 2002 15:14:36 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by exhibition.plus.net with SMTP; 8 Apr 2002 15:14:36 -0000 Received: (qmail 11759 invoked from network); 8 Apr 2002 14:26:21 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 8 Apr 2002 14:26:21 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16uba1-0004gn-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Mon, 08 Apr 2002 17:01:17 +0100 Received: from smtp.seznam.cz ([195.119.180.43] helo=email.seznam.cz) by post.thorcom.com with smtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16uba0-0004gi-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 08 Apr 2002 17:01:16 +0100 Received: (qmail 85480 invoked from network); 8 Apr 2002 14:23:10 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO OK1FIG) (195.47.69.2) by smtp.seznam.cz with SMTP; 8 Apr 2002 14:23:10 -0000 Message-ID: <000b01c1df08$f60798f0$1601a8c0@cz.gmc.net> From: "Petr Maly \(OK1FIG\)" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org References: <004501c1d630$3d697420$1601a8c0@cz.gmc.net> <2745.020408@dx.ru> Subject: LF: Re: :-((( Date: Mon, 8 Apr 2002 16:23:31 +0200 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hi Ed I watched the band from about 14 UTC to 18 UTC and I couldn't see anything from you. Sometimes I called CQ so that you could see me. Then I had to QRT to return back to home. Even so, I got to big troubles with my car, because several centimeters of snow falled down in a few tens of minutes, I found myself in dark, cold and strong snowfall and mainly I could move with my car which was slipping down from a steep hill... I nearly crashed it. Once I saw something like ...1FI... but I was not sure about that and it didn't continue to be legible. I will not be able to be QRV next 3 following weekends (business trips) and then May begins with big QRN (static crashes). What a pity you didn't start in time, there were very good conditions (see http://www.nagano.cz/~ok1fig/s_galler.htm , the picture "This is how the band looks like during good conditions in the Central Europe". I would surely see you. Maybe next time. Congrats to you for the QSOs you made. 73 Petr OK1FIG ----- Original Message ----- From: "Ed Lesnichy" To: "Petr Maly (OK1FIG)" Sent: Monday, April 08, 2002 3:52 PM Subject: LF: :-((( > Hello Petr! > > I very regret, but I did not see yours returned O or M - condition > is down ; - ((( > Whether you saw MM for yourself from me? > > It not last my attempt of work on LF. > I hope, that first UA-OK QSO is held in the near future. > When I shall leave on Machta, I necessarily inform to you via e-mail > > 73! Ed RU6LA mailto:ed@dx.ru > > > > From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 5240 invoked from network); 8 Apr 2002 14:47:38 -0000 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 8 Apr 2002 14:47:38 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 22807 invoked from network); 8 Apr 2002 13:36:25 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 8 Apr 2002 13:36:25 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16uaoP-0004Vr-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Mon, 08 Apr 2002 16:12:05 +0100 Received: from hestia.herts.ac.uk ([147.197.200.9]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16uaoO-0004Vm-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 08 Apr 2002 16:12:04 +0100 Received: from gemini ([147.197.200.44] helo=gemini.herts.ac.uk) by hestia.herts.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.22 #1) id 16uZHU-0000Gj-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 08 Apr 2002 14:34:00 +0100 Received: from [147.197.232.252] (helo=rsch-15.herts.ac.uk) by gemini.herts.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #1) id 16uZHT-0001dm-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 08 Apr 2002 14:33:59 +0100 Message-ID: <5.1.0.14.0.20020408141056.00b0bcd8@gemini.herts.ac.uk> X-Sender: mj9ar@gemini.herts.ac.uk X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1 Date: Mon, 08 Apr 2002 14:28:34 +0100 To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org From: "James Moritz" Subject: Re: LF: Giulio re Horzontal wires In-reply-to: <004a01c1de7d$48815bc0$76c501d5@default> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Dear LF Group, I would agree with Alan - just about any DX station seems to be subject to fading, more so at night but definitely also sometimes during the day. I have noticed deep fading on signals from quite short distances - DCF39 often fades 20-30dB, also amateur stations over quite short distances such as PA, ON, and even the more distant UK stations like G3KEV. I had a QSO last night with PA3CPM, who faded from 569 to inaudible and back to 569 again over a period of about 10 minutes. The fact that daytime signal levels do vary significantly would seem to prove there must be some kind of ionospheric propagation during daylight - I imagine fading at moderate distances could be due to the interaction of ground wave and sky wave, as the MF broadcasters try so hard to avoid. Cheers, Jim Moritz 73 de M0BMU From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 10823 invoked from network); 8 Apr 2002 14:37:40 -0000 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 8 Apr 2002 14:37:40 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 5683 invoked from network); 8 Apr 2002 13:20:53 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 8 Apr 2002 13:20:53 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16uaVT-0004RL-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Mon, 08 Apr 2002 15:52:31 +0100 Received: from hestia.herts.ac.uk ([147.197.200.9]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16uaVR-0004RG-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 08 Apr 2002 15:52:30 +0100 Received: from gemini ([147.197.200.44] helo=gemini.herts.ac.uk) by hestia.herts.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.22 #1) id 16uYyY-0007Bn-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 08 Apr 2002 14:14:26 +0100 Received: from [147.197.232.252] (helo=rsch-15.herts.ac.uk) by gemini.herts.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #1) id 16uYyX-00017V-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 08 Apr 2002 14:14:25 +0100 Message-ID: <5.1.0.14.0.20020408134638.00aeb1f0@gemini.herts.ac.uk> X-Sender: mj9ar@gemini.herts.ac.uk X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1 Date: Mon, 08 Apr 2002 14:07:43 +0100 To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org From: "James Moritz" Subject: Re: LF: SPM-x In-reply-to: <16tdIC-16OE9RC@fwd10.sul.t-online.com> References: <5.1.0.14.0.20020403155037.00acdf78@gemini.herts.ac.uk> <5.1.0.14.0.20020403155037.00acdf78@gemini.herts.ac.uk> <3.0.1.16.20020405160954.2c2fc068@pb623250.kuleuven.be> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: At 01:38 AM 06/04/2002 +0200, you wrote: >Hi all, > >does it make sense for a lowfer-freak buying a SPM-6 with >PS-6 from W&G (6kHz - 18.6MHz)? Dear Uwe, LF Group, I have the SPM-6 and PS6 - I do not use the SPM-6 much as a receiver for the reason given by Alberto, plus the 2kHz BFO offset, but the pair of units are extremely useful for measuring frequency response and noise levels of amplifiers and filters and so on, for which I use them a lot. The SPM-6 can operate from batteries, which would be useful for field strength measurement. The signal level can be measured over a range of >120dB with an accuracy of a fraction of 1dB. Although it is not synthesised, the frequency can be set within 100Hz anywhere in the range using the mechanical counter dial and the internal calibrator. I would certainly buy both units - the PS-6 can be connected to the SPM-6 to provide tracking generator function, which makes the combination more versatile. I paid about 70 GB pounds a few years ago for both units together with a set of manuals. Cheers, Jim Moritz 73 de M0BMU From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 6562 invoked from network); 8 Apr 2002 14:19:30 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by exhibition.plus.net with SMTP; 8 Apr 2002 14:19:30 -0000 Received: (qmail 11039 invoked from network); 8 Apr 2002 13:55:39 -0000 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 8 Apr 2002 13:55:39 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16ub70-0004ZZ-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Mon, 08 Apr 2002 16:31:18 +0100 Received: from nort.infotecstt.ru ([80.68.3.204] helo=relay.dx.ru) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16ub6z-0004ZU-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 08 Apr 2002 16:31:17 +0100 Received: from ed.dx (ed.dx [10.0.1.11]) by relay.dx.ru (8.9.3-PM01/8.9.3) with ESMTP id RAA87054 for ; Mon, 8 Apr 2002 17:53:12 +0400 (MSD) Date: Mon, 8 Apr 2002 17:52:51 +0400 From: "Ed Lesnichy" X-Mailer: The Bat! (v1.35) UNREG / CD5BF9353B3B7091 Organization: Ed Lesnichy X-Priority: 3 Message-ID: <2745.020408@dx.ru> To: "Petr Maly \(OK1FIG\)" Subject: LF: :-((( In-reply-to: <004501c1d630$3d697420$1601a8c0@cz.gmc.net> References: <004501c1d630$3d697420$1601a8c0@cz.gmc.net> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hello Petr! I very regret, but I did not see yours returned O or M - condition is down ; - ((( Whether you saw MM for yourself from me? It not last my attempt of work on LF. I hope, that first UA-OK QSO is held in the near future. When I shall leave on Machta, I necessarily inform to you via e-mail 73! Ed RU6LA mailto:ed@dx.ru From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 8077 invoked from network); 8 Apr 2002 12:33:18 -0000 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 8 Apr 2002 12:33:18 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 3450 invoked from network); 8 Apr 2002 12:01:18 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 8 Apr 2002 12:01:18 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16uZIL-0004Fy-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Mon, 08 Apr 2002 14:34:53 +0100 Received: from hestia.herts.ac.uk ([147.197.200.9]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16uZIK-0004Ft-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 08 Apr 2002 14:34:52 +0100 Received: from gemini ([147.197.200.44] helo=gemini.herts.ac.uk) by hestia.herts.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.22 #1) id 16uXlP-0004E6-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 08 Apr 2002 12:56:47 +0100 Received: from [147.197.232.252] (helo=rsch-15.herts.ac.uk) by gemini.herts.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #1) id 16uXlO-0006OW-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 08 Apr 2002 12:56:46 +0100 Message-ID: <5.1.0.14.0.20020408121138.00ab34b0@gemini.herts.ac.uk> X-Sender: mj9ar@gemini.herts.ac.uk X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1 Date: Mon, 08 Apr 2002 12:51:21 +0100 To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org From: "James Moritz" Subject: LF: RU6/G QSO MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Dear Ed and friends, LF Group,. Thanks to the RU6LWZ expedition for the QSO Saturday night/Sunday morning between about 0000 and 0100z - I imagine this must be the first UK - Russia contact. My QTH is located at IO91VR, a distance of about 2800km to KN97LN. I also watched earlier QSOs with OH5UFO and IK5ZPV. Conditions were not as good as the previous week - I think RU6LA was about 10dB down, but still audible at times. There was frequent QSB, so while the first 2 overs from RU6LA were "O" copy, the final over was only M - T, although signals picked up again later. Other signals on the band also seemed to be down on usual. I hope Ed and the group will be QRV again soon - If conditions are as good again as they were the first time, I'm sure many 2 way QSOs will be possible. Cheers, Jim Moritz 73 de M0BMU From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 6787 invoked from network); 8 Apr 2002 11:23:18 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 8 Apr 2002 11:23:18 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 5194 invoked from network); 8 Apr 2002 11:23:19 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 8 Apr 2002 11:23:19 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16uYhg-00049Y-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Mon, 08 Apr 2002 13:57:00 +0100 Received: from e31.co.us.ibm.com ([32.97.110.129]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16uYhf-00049T-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 08 Apr 2002 13:56:59 +0100 Received: from westrelay01.boulder.ibm.com (westrelay01.boulder.ibm.com [9.17.194.22]) by e31.co.us.ibm.com (8.12.2/8.12.2) with ESMTP id g38BIqRW013012 for ; Mon, 8 Apr 2002 07:18:53 -0400 Received: from usa.net (ss9.bld.socks.ibm.com [9.14.4.75]) by westrelay01.boulder.ibm.com (8.11.1m3/NCO/VER6.1) with ESMTP id g38BIp3168750 for ; Mon, 8 Apr 2002 05:18:52 -0600 Message-ID: <3CB17C98.B51CF85E@usa.net> Date: Mon, 08 Apr 2002 13:18:48 +0200 From: "Alberto di Bene" X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.79 [en] (Windows NT 5.0; U) X-Accept-Language: en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: Re: LF: SPM-x References: <5.1.0.14.0.20020403155037.00acdf78@gemini.herts.ac.uk> <5.1.0.14.0.20020403155037.00acdf78@gemini.herts.ac.uk> <3.0.1.16.20020405160954.2c2fc068@pb623250.kuleuven.be> <16tdIC-16OE9RC@fwd10.sul.t-online.com> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: jannsen wrote: > Hi all, > > does it make sense for a lowfer-freak buying a SPM-6 with > PS-6 from W&G (6kHz - 18.6MHz)? > Uwe, I have one SPM-6 (without the PS-6 tracking gen...). It is a nice instrument, I use it a lot to measure (together with a surplus URM-25D generator) the response of filters, toroids, etc. For LF reception, it has a major drawback : the LO is not synthesized, so the stability is not what it would be needed for QRSS, especially the slowest ones. If you can find it for a very good price, I suggest to buy it as a measuring instrument, not as a receiver... Usually it can be found (at least in Italy, at hamfests) for prices ranging around 100 euro. 73 Alberto I2PHD From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 3100 invoked from network); 8 Apr 2002 10:07:45 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 8 Apr 2002 10:07:45 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 9026 invoked from network); 8 Apr 2002 10:07:44 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 8 Apr 2002 10:07:44 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16uXXR-0003yZ-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Mon, 08 Apr 2002 12:42:21 +0100 Received: from nat1.excitenetwork.com ([63.236.75.3] helo=xmxpita.excite.com) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16uXXP-0003yU-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 08 Apr 2002 12:42:20 +0100 Received: by xmxpita.excite.com (Postfix, from userid 110) id C3C813DDD; Mon, 8 Apr 2002 06:03:42 -0400 (EDT) To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: Re: LF: Info's... From: "john sexton" MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Sender: computernetworks@excite.com X-Mailer: PHP Content-Type: text/html; charset=windows-1252 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Message-ID: <20020408100342.C3C813DDD@xmxpita.excite.com> Date: Mon, 8 Apr 2002 06:03:42 -0400 (EDT) Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hi Wolf,
Thanks for making the effort to complete a QSO with me on saturday.
When you returned QRZ I understood that 3 second dots would not work and went to 10 seconds, with success.
It takes a long time and requires patience, hence I kept the overs as short as possible. Nevertheless I was able to prepare and eat breakfast during the course of the QSO.
I have been and continue to send QRSS10 CQs in the hope that others will make the effort. Everyone piles in when there is a strong station around like RU6LWZ, but it requires more of an effort and a good receive set-up to winkle out the weak ones.

Hi Szigy,
As reported last week, I have seen your QRSS3 sigs here in England. Very readable but slightly broken so M/O.
If you are not getting responses it is more down to the poor receivers around than your sigs.

73 and good luck John, G4CNN


--- On Sun 04/07, wrote:
> Hello Szigy and group,
>
> Thanks for your info.
> Have you been transmitting on late saturday evening ? There was a quite
> weak
> trace on the waterfall, but I am not too sure if it was you calling
> someone
> or someone calling you.
>
> The signal from RU6LWZ / RU6LA was clearly visible here in northern DL,
> but
> not as strong as on the previous weekend. Many stations called RU6, as
> seen
> on the cluster spots relayed by Alan. The weaker ones (like myself at
> DF0WD)
> didn't make it through, condx didnt help this time. So looking forward for
>
> more activity from the East ;-)
>
> -...-
>
> About non-responded emails: I'm not sure about the AB6QV gateway (tried to
>
> use it some years ago) - is it possible that it rejects email addresses
> which
> don't look like amateur radio calls ?
>
> -...-
>
> Congrats to all who made it into RU6LWZ's logbook, and thanks to John
> G4CNN
> for your patience to make it into DF0WD's lookbook. There were static
> crashes
> here making the AGC jump, cutting many 'dashes' into 'dots'.
>
> Regards,
> Wolf DL4YHF.
>
>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 19832 invoked from network); 8 Apr 2002 08:45:23 -0000 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 8 Apr 2002 08:45:23 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 9169 invoked from network); 8 Apr 2002 08:45:25 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 8 Apr 2002 08:45:25 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16uWET-0003nl-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Mon, 08 Apr 2002 11:18:41 +0100 Received: from astral.infomsk.ru ([212.164.44.2] helo=astral.omskcity.com) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16uWER-0003nY-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 08 Apr 2002 11:18:40 +0100 Received: from fitec.omskcity.com (mu02.dialup1.infomsk.ru [212.164.45.194]) by astral.omskcity.com (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id PAA3cb1572e55a3 for ; Mon, 8 Apr 2002 15:39:10 +0700 (OSS) Date: Mon, 8 Apr 2002 16:18:37 +0000 (GMT) From: "Alexander S. Yurkov" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: Re: LF: QRSS In-reply-to: <3.0.1.16.20020326101024.2d07bb30@pb623250.kuleuven.be> Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII; format=flowed Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Dear Ric and Group. On Tue, 26 Mar 2002, Rik Strobbe wrote: > If you are ready for receiving I would recommend to try to copy DCF39 on > 138.830kHz. This commercial station runs about 30kW ERP and is located near > Magdeburg (Germany, JO52WG). It transmits a carrier that is interrupted by > a kind of 'RTTY burst' every 10 seconds. When trying to recive RU6 signals I have hear someone similar DCF39 about 138.83 kHz. But delay between 'RTTY bursts'is not 10 sec. but about 18 sec. Sometimes the delay is about 4 sec. but not often. I wonder is this stn DFC39 indeed? I copy this stn (audibaly) very nice at night time. I do not measure S/N ratio but its seems to be 15 dB or more... My input filter (135.5 .. 137.8 kHz) reject 138.83 kHz about 10 dB. So real S/N is more 25 dB! Unfortunely I do not hear this stn in day time. Also I can not hear it at evening (befor 01 or 02 local) because of very strong industrial QRM (TV sets I think). I wonder also does DCF39 radiate all the time or part of time only? 73 de RA9MB/Alex http://www.qsl.net/ra9mb From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 8435 invoked from network); 8 Apr 2002 06:56:45 -0000 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 8 Apr 2002 06:56:45 -0000 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 14202 invoked from network); 8 Apr 2002 06:56:44 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 8 Apr 2002 06:56:44 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16uUVY-0003Yx-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Mon, 08 Apr 2002 09:28:12 +0100 Received: from tlvsca.vim.tlt.alcatel.it ([194.243.74.245]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16uUVX-0003Ys-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 08 Apr 2002 09:28:11 +0100 Received: from tlvk7v (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by tlvsca.vim.tlt.alcatel.it (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g386l0102444 for ; Mon, 8 Apr 2002 08:47:01 +0200 (MET DST) Date: Mon, 8 Apr 2002 08:25:25 +0100 From: "Claudio Girardi" Subject: Re: LF: still more loop inductance formulas To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Mailer: Z-Mail Pro 6.2, NetManage Inc. [ZM62_16H] X-Priority: 3 Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hello to everybody, regarding the loops inductance, Terman Radio Engineers' Handbook has formulas for single turn loops of many different shapes and also notes that these formulas have all the same general form; it references two articles in the Proceedings of the I.R.E. of 1927 and 1936, that should contain the formulas derivation, maybe I could be able to find one of them... It gives also a formula for the inductance of a single turn rectangle: said a and b the rectangle sides length, d the wire diameter, g the diagonal of the loop (g = a^2+b^2) (all in meters) the inductance is: L = 0.4*((a+b)*ln(4.0*a*b/d) - a*ln(a+g) - b*ln(b+g)) + 0.4*(2*g+d-2*(a+b)); Rik first formula agrees well with the one from Terman, at least for side ratios up to the stated limit of six, where the error is around 10% depending on the wire diameter. I performed some comparison of that formula with the one from Terman and with computer simulations, you can find some results on http://www.qsl.net/in3otd/rlsim.html I have also put on my site some forms for the inductance calculation of single turn loops of regular polygonal shape and of rectangular shape, they are at http://www.qsl.net/in3otd/ind1calc.html and http://www.qsl.net/in3otd/ind2calc.html I have seen the new Rik formula just this morning, hope to have the time soon to compare also that with the inductance simulations made... 73 de Claudio, IN3OTD From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 12881 invoked from network); 7 Apr 2002 21:56:03 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by exhibition.plus.net with SMTP; 7 Apr 2002 21:56:03 -0000 Received: (qmail 20523 invoked from network); 7 Apr 2002 21:55:52 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 7 Apr 2002 21:55:52 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16uLyl-0002V8-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Mon, 08 Apr 2002 00:21:47 +0100 Received: from carbon.btinternet.com ([194.73.73.92] helo=carbon) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16uLyk-0002V3-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 08 Apr 2002 00:21:46 +0100 Received: from host213-1-197-118.in-addr.btopenworld.com ([213.1.197.118] helo=default) by carbon with smtp (Exim 3.22 #8) id 16uKRp-0005fL-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sun, 07 Apr 2002 22:43:42 +0100 Message-ID: <004a01c1de7d$48815bc0$76c501d5@default> From: "Alan Melia" To: "LF-Group" Subject: LF: Giulio re Horzontal wires Date: Sun, 7 Apr 2002 21:17:34 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.72.3110.5 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hi Giulio, I think you are right that a lot of the amateur stations with big signals often have a substantial amount of horizontal wire. However I dont think the big night-time signal is due to horizontal polarization or radiation from the horizontal wire. The night-time signals over a path distance of 1500 to 2000kms are often 20 to 30 dB higher than the signal levels in daytime (see the average line on my propagation plots). This is probably due to a higher 'reflection' level and less absorption at night. The higher night-time level is even evident with commercial stations whose radiators are predominantly vertical. The other more important effect of horizontal wire is demonstrated in some of the measurements that I described on my web site, and is the consequent reduction of ground loss that extensive horizontal wire gives. Few amateurs can afford to install the kind of ground systems that are used by commercial stations, so this reduction of loss by increasing the top-load is valuable. I have some further meaurements from Finbar EI0CF that I have not had time to include yet on the site. These detail additions to the top-load of his main vertical, and the resultant reduction in loss, measured with an RF bridge. Reino has been heard in the UK in daytime and occasionally with the distinct signs of fading, so his signal is received by ionspheric 'reflection' even in daytime. Cheers de Alan G3NYK alan.melia@btinternet.com http://www.alan.melia.btinternet.co.uk From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 29014 invoked from network); 7 Apr 2002 19:49:03 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by exhibition.plus.net with SMTP; 7 Apr 2002 19:49:03 -0000 Received: (qmail 28727 invoked from network); 7 Apr 2002 19:48:53 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 7 Apr 2002 19:48:53 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16uK7X-0002BN-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Sun, 07 Apr 2002 22:22:43 +0100 Received: from mta3-svc.virgin.net ([62.253.164.43]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16uK7W-0002BI-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sun, 07 Apr 2002 22:22:42 +0100 Received: from g3h6f1 ([62.252.208.52]) by mta3-svc.virgin.net (InterMail vM.4.01.03.27 201-229-121-127-20010626) with SMTP id <20020407194438.CAQD270.mta3-svc.virgin.net@g3h6f1> for ; Sun, 7 Apr 2002 20:44:38 +0100 Message-ID: <000001c1de64$45add2c0$34d0fc3e@g3h6f1> From: "mal hamilton" To: "rsgb" Subject: LF: dx Date: Sun, 7 Apr 2002 19:22:56 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/html; charset=windows-1252 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.50.4522.1200 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Content-transfer-encoding: 8bit
RU6LWZ very strong on 137.7khz at 1940utc 06/04/02
and being called by several EU stations but during my observation time he did not seem to be hearing anyone
de Mal/G3KEV
 
From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 5199 invoked from network); 7 Apr 2002 15:22:44 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by exhibition.plus.net with SMTP; 7 Apr 2002 15:22:44 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 7431 invoked from network); 7 Apr 2002 15:22:36 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 7 Apr 2002 15:22:36 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16uFyS-0001ZM-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Sun, 07 Apr 2002 17:57:04 +0100 Received: from imo-m06.mx.aol.com ([64.12.136.161]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16uFyL-0001ZA-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sun, 07 Apr 2002 17:56:57 +0100 Received: from DL4YHF@aol.com by imo-m06.mx.aol.com (mail_out_v32.5.) id l.102.1345597e (4013) for ; Sun, 7 Apr 2002 11:18:10 -0400 (EDT) From: DL4YHF@aol.com Message-ID: <102.1345597e.29e1bd32@aol.com> Date: Sun, 7 Apr 2002 11:18:10 EDT Subject: Re: LF: Info's... To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/html; charset=windows-1252 X-Mailer: AOL 6.0 for Windows XP DE sub 50 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Content-transfer-encoding: 8bit Hello Szigy and group,

Thanks for your info.
Have you been transmitting on late saturday evening ? There was a quite weak trace on the waterfall, but I am not too sure if it was you calling someone or someone calling you.

The signal from RU6LWZ / RU6LA was clearly visible here in northern DL, but not as strong as on the previous weekend. Many stations called RU6, as seen on the cluster spots relayed by Alan. The weaker ones (like myself at DF0WD) didn't make it through, condx didnt help this time. So looking forward for more activity from the East ;-)

-...-

About non-responded emails: I'm not sure about the AB6QV gateway (tried to use it some years ago) - is it possible that it rejects email addresses which don't look like amateur radio calls ?

-...-

Congrats to all who made it into RU6LWZ's logbook, and thanks to John G4CNN for your patience to make it into DF0WD's lookbook. There were static crashes here making the AGC jump, cutting many 'dashes' into 'dots'.

Regards,
Wolf  DL4YHF.
From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 19511 invoked from network); 7 Apr 2002 15:11:48 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 7 Apr 2002 15:11:48 -0000 Received: (qmail 2194 invoked from network); 7 Apr 2002 15:11:50 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 7 Apr 2002 15:11:50 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16uFns-0001XH-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Sun, 07 Apr 2002 17:46:08 +0100 Received: from www.gardaol.com ([195.223.232.51] helo=netregister.it ident=root) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16uFnr-0001XC-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sun, 07 Apr 2002 17:46:07 +0100 Received: from ik2dedlibero (brescia01.phoenix.it [213.82.97.65]) by netregister.it (8.11.4/8.11.4) with SMTP id g37F81J26724 for ; Sun, 7 Apr 2002 17:08:02 +0200 Message-ID: <000a01c1dc45$8f543840$416152d5@it> From: "Giulio Scaroni" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: LF: LF propagation into EU. Date: Fri, 5 Apr 2002 03:55:37 +0200 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/html; charset=windows-1252 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2919.6600 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Content-transfer-encoding: 8bit
Hi to all,
this last night i have tried the qso with RU6LA, i don't know if him had copy well my report, but the question is this, OH5UFO and IK5ZPV have had the answer at first call, ZPV have had also a aural cw qso, and all the two station use a vertical antenna with a long wire at the top, like an inv L, so this configuration may help in night time qso, here i heard OH5UFO only in night time, with good ooo, nothing in daytime.
So may be that high angle radiation made from the orizzontal wire help in night qso??
Anyone may explain this mode of propagation??
73 to all IK2DED Giulio.
From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 11310 invoked from network); 7 Apr 2002 12:51:37 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 7 Apr 2002 12:51:37 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: (qmail 1945 invoked from network); 7 Apr 2002 12:51:38 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 7 Apr 2002 12:51:38 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16uDcC-0001G0-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Sun, 07 Apr 2002 15:25:56 +0100 Received: from ab6qv.lm1.net ([209.221.203.114] helo=gw.ab6qv.ampr.org) by post.thorcom.com with smtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16uDcA-0001Fv-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sun, 07 Apr 2002 15:25:54 +0100 X-BBS-Msg-Type: P Date: Sun, 07 Apr 02 05:47:46 -0700 Message-ID: <8905@gw.ab6qv.ampr.org> From: yo2is@gw.ab6qv.ampr.org To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: LF: Info's... Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Content-type: text/plain; charset=windows-1252; format=flowed MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-transfer-encoding: 8bit From: YO2IS Hello from KN05ps, was pleased to receive my first real DX QRSS3 signals. Saturday 6 apr 2002 at 19.55 IK5ZPV "M" signal at 21.15 RU6LWZ , 22.00 RU6LA both solid "O", CWNR several times. Equipenemt H.M., 0.6 KHz mech.filter, 2m indoor loop, nulling out a >30 dB main noise, remote preamp, Argo 128 on a P.133-PC. It seems that some of my E-mails are geting lost or maybe the destinataries do not have the time and/or wish to respond... Am still using the AX25 <-> TCP/IP gateway facility, via a 2m Packet link, no Internet "on line". Thanks to all those who did help me to enjoy togheter the maggic of VLF communications. 73 Szigy. From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 2149 invoked from network); 7 Apr 2002 11:46:00 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 7 Apr 2002 11:46:00 -0000 Received: (qmail 14920 invoked from network); 7 Apr 2002 11:45:58 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 7 Apr 2002 11:45:58 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16uCVh-000168-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Sun, 07 Apr 2002 14:15:09 +0100 Received: from bru5-smtp-out1.be.uu.net ([194.7.1.5]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16uCVg-000163-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sun, 07 Apr 2002 14:15:08 +0100 Received: from be047304 (uu212-190-2-199.unknown.uunet.be [212.190.2.199]) by bru5-smtp-out1.be.uu.net (8.11.6/8.11.2) with SMTP id g37Bb2t23800 for ; Sun, 7 Apr 2002 13:37:03 +0200 (MET DST) Message-ID: <001301c1de28$689d9360$c702bed4@be047304> From: "Sommereyns Ruddy" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org References: <5.1.0.14.0.20020403155037.00acdf78@gemini.herts.ac.uk><5.1.0.14.0.20020403155037.00acdf78@gemini.herts.ac.uk><3.0.1.16.20020405160954.2c2fc068@pb623250.kuleuven.be><16tdIC-16OE9RC@fwd10.sul.t-online.com><001101c1dd40$d9c9a1c0$9fdf043e@be047304> <16tyIi-13tPcHC@fwd08.sul.t-online.com> Subject: Re: LF: Re: SPM-x Date: Sun, 7 Apr 2002 13:35:07 +0200 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2615.200 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Very sorry Uwe, the address was wrong. There was an "a" to much. But I see that the correct address already appeared on the reflector. Good luck with the search. 73 Ruddy ON6UX ----- Original Message ----- From: jannsen <0482183881-0001@t-online.de> To: Sent: Sunday, April 07, 2002 12:04 AM Subject: Re: LF: Re: SPM-x > SOMMEREYNS RUDDY schrieb: > > Hello Uwe, > > > > I have seen this item on this site: electronicatrader.webserver.com.au > > The price for the PS6 ( fair condition etc....) $75 > > > > For the SPM-6 ( fair condition, untested, no handbook) $ 50 > > > > Price in Australian dollar I guess..... > > > > 73, > > > > > > Ruddy > > ON6UX > > Hi Ruddy, > > tks for the mail. > > is the URL > > electronicatrader.webserver.com.au > > correct spelt? > > trying it I got the response "no such URL ....". > > it would be vy nice looking it up agn, Ruddy. > > regards > > Uwe/dj8wx > > From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 15041 invoked from network); 7 Apr 2002 11:45:47 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 7 Apr 2002 11:45:47 -0000 Received: (qmail 14798 invoked from network); 7 Apr 2002 11:45:46 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 7 Apr 2002 11:45:46 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16uCOB-00014N-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Sun, 07 Apr 2002 14:07:23 +0100 Received: from carbon.btinternet.com ([194.73.73.92] helo=carbon) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16uCO9-00014I-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sun, 07 Apr 2002 14:07:22 +0100 Received: from host213-1-78-246.in-addr.btopenworld.com ([213.1.78.246] helo=default) by carbon with smtp (Exim 3.22 #8) id 16uArD-00042p-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sun, 07 Apr 2002 12:29:16 +0100 Message-ID: <000601c1de27$6cbcfc20$f64e01d5@default> From: "Alan Melia" To: "LF-Group" Subject: LF: DX Cluster spots at GB7DXM Sat 6th Date: Sun, 7 Apr 2002 11:51:40 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.72.3110.5 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hi all, I though that possibly some of you might be interested in the activity this weekend as seen from the Cluster. The interesting point being that this was one of the only communication channels to Ed. Conditions during the day were about normal and did also reach average for most parts during the night though there was some deep fading shown on the plot of DCF39 from Brian which is shown in the propagation pages on my web site. http://www.alan.melia.btinternet.co.uk Cluster spots follow :- 137.7 IK2DED 7-Apr-2002 0933Z clg CQ, audible ! 137.7 M0BMU 7-Apr-2002 0830Z Pse ur QTH-loc ? 137.7 G4CNN 7-Apr-2002 0825Z clg me, nw "mmm" 137.7 OM2TW 7-Apr-2002 0811Z GM Rich, u calling ? 137.7 DF0WD 7-Apr-2002 0752Z 136.7 DK7SU 7-Apr-2002 0736Z clg CQ 559 > JO42 137.7 RU6LA 7-Apr-2002 0706Z CQ CQ QRSS3 136.6 RA3DOX 7-Apr-2002 0646Z Gde was QSX ??? 136.6 RU6LWZ 7-Apr-2002 0641Z CQ CQ CW cw QSX 7025/14025 136.6 RU6LWZ 7-Apr-2002 0636Z CQ CW QSX 14025/7025 136.7 RU6LWZ 7-Apr-2002 0636Z PSE SPLIT. 136.6 RU6LWZ 7-Apr-2002 0617Z CQ on CW, audible 136.7 RU6LWZ 7-Apr-2002 0629Z 559 normal'no. 136.6 RU6LWZ 7-Apr-2002 0622Z CQ CQ cw cw QSX 14025 137.7 RU6LA 7-Apr-2002 0540Z CQ CQ QRSS3 137.7 IK2DED 6-Apr-2002 2238Z audible on QRSS3 559 137.7 IK5ZPV 6-Apr-2002 2151Z Tnx FB CW Qso! QRX All 10 mi 137.7 OH1TN 6-Apr-2002 2147Z clg in norm cw 137.7 RU6LWZ 6-Apr-2002 2146Z O at 21.15, IK5ZPV M at 19.5 136.0 RU6LWZ 6-Apr-2002 2145Z O at 21.15, IK5ZPV M at 19.5 137.7 RU6LA 6-Apr-2002 2136Z QSX 137.6-137.8 now 137.7 DF6NM 6-Apr-2002 2134Z 'O' calling Ed 137.7 IK2DED 6-Apr-2002 2134Z 'O' calling Ed 137.7 RU6LA 6-Apr-2002 2119Z nw wid IK5ZPV 137.7 IK5ZPV 6-Apr-2002 2114Z Pse Norm CW on 137.7 !!! 137.7 G3NYK 6-Apr-2002 2104Z tnx Alan, little hope :-) 137.7 DF0WD 6-Apr-2002 2106Z calling Ed..Gud Luck Wolf! 137.7 IK5ZPV 6-Apr-2002 2105Z 'O' calling Ed 137.7 PILEUP 6-Apr-2002 2058Z for RU6LWZ ! 137.7 OH5UFO 6-Apr-2002 2045Z Yes 1st QSO ! TNX and QSX 13 137.7 RU6LWZ 6-Apr-2002 2029Z pse keep HIS qrg clear, tnx 137.7 OH5UFO 6-Apr-2002 2017Z in qso ru6lwz, congrats 2 u 137.7 WH0OPS 6-Apr-2002 2025Z call RU6LWZ...'fingers' 137.7 M0BMU 6-Apr-2002 2022Z calling RA6LWX 137.7 RU6LWX 6-Apr-2002 2022Z 'O' wkg OH5UFO 'O' 137.7 RU6LWZ 6-Apr-2002 1951Z cq, o cpy 137.7 OH5UFO 6-Apr-2002 1932Z Pse try Cq again 137.7 IK2DED 6-Apr-2002 1922Z cq, audible, try norm cw ? 137.7 IK5ZPV 6-Apr-2002 1910Z clg cq ooo cpy 137.7 OH5UFO 6-Apr-2002 1856Z PSE CQ on QRSS 137.7 DJ1YFK 6-Apr-2002 1832Z clg oh5ufo 137.7 DF0WD 6-Apr-2002 1812Z cqing 137.7 OH5UFO 6-Apr-2002 1811Z gtng stronger 137.7 OH5UFO 6-Apr-2002 1759Z CQ Have big stomr/rain QRX 137.7 OH5UFO 6-Apr-2002 1728Z called by fig but cqing 137.7 IK5ZPV 6-Apr-2002 1716Z clg cq "o" in jo42 137.6 IK5ZPV 6-Apr-2002 1717Z .690 cq qrss2 137.7 RU6LWZ 6-Apr-2002 1714Z ?? T/M-Copy 137.7 OM2TW 6-Apr-2002 1701Z cq qrss3 - where's RU6LWZ? 137.7 OK1FIG 6-Apr-2002 1630Z Are you on ? de UA6LV 136.8 DF6NM 6-Apr-2002 1533Z clg DF0WD 136.6 OK1DTN 6-Apr-2002 1517Z cq 559 in jo42 137.6 OK1FIG 6-Apr-2002 1512Z .670 - qrss3 137.7 IK2DED 6-Apr-2002 1304Z sri call, QRSS3 137.7 IK5ZPV 6-Apr-2002 1303Z M/O copy, QRS 137.7 OK1FIG 6-Apr-2002 1128Z CQ QRSS3 BIG SIGNAL 136.5 PA3CPM 5-Apr-2002 1104Z whoops right callsign 136.5 PA0CPM 5-Apr-2002 1103Z 569 CQ 136.6 EI0CF 5-Apr-2002 1049Z CQ 579 137.7 IK5ZPV 2-Apr-2002 1651Z CQ QRSS3 137.7 WHO 2-Apr-2002 1215Z in qrss30??? 136.7 GM3YXM/P 1-Apr-2002 1838Z @ noise edge, I CQ QRSS on . 136.7 GM3YXM/P 1-Apr-2002 1832Z cq 137.7 M0BMU 31-Mar-2002 2243Z strong, calling RU6LWZ 137.0 RU6LWZ 31-Mar-2002 2254Z I'm QSY to 3683 now 137.7 RU6LWZ 31-Mar-2002 2241Z vy good sig..not rx calls 137.0 OM2TW 31-Mar-2002 2235Z I'm on Machta - no commun - 137.0 OM2TW 31-Mar-2002 2227Z need any FAQ abt ARGO on 23z 137.7 RU6LWZ 31-Mar-2002 2210Z I'm calling you now... 137.7 RU6LWZ 31-Mar-2002 2159Z CQ Pse my rpt to ed@dx.ru 137.7 RU6LA 31-Mar-2002 1817Z CQ QRSS3 137.7 RU6LWZ 31-Mar-2002 1751Z calling IK5ZPV only 137.7 PILEUP 31-Mar-2002 1723Z everyone is calling RU6LWZ 136.7 EI0CF 31-Mar-2002 1655Z cq 136.7 ON7ND 31-Mar-2002 1644Z replied? 136.7 EI0CF 31-Mar-2002 1643Z G3NYK de GB7MRS 6-Apr-2002 2214Z > Cheers de Alan G3NYK JO02PB alan.melia@btinternet.com From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 26633 invoked from network); 6 Apr 2002 23:45:07 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 6 Apr 2002 23:45:07 -0000 Received: (qmail 4286 invoked from network); 6 Apr 2002 23:45:06 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 6 Apr 2002 23:45:06 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16u1LD-0008Ao-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Sun, 07 Apr 2002 02:19:35 +0100 Received: from mta02bw.bigpond.com ([139.134.6.34]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16u1LB-0008Aj-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sun, 07 Apr 2002 02:19:34 +0100 Received: from newlaptop ([144.135.24.72]) by mta02bw.bigpond.com (Netscape Messaging Server 4.15 mta02bw Feb 26 2002 03:44:21) with SMTP id GU674Y00.FTP for ; Sun, 7 Apr 2002 09:41:22 +1000 Received: from wnpp-p-144-134-151-55.prem.tmns.net.au ([144.134.151.55]) by bwmam02.mailsvc.email.bigpond.com(MailRouter V3.0i 11/1698489); 07 Apr 2002 09:41:22 Message-ID: <003001c1dd60$b41d42e0$d700a8c0@newlaptop> From: "Graeme Zimmer" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org References: <5.1.0.14.0.20020403155037.00acdf78@gemini.herts.ac.uk><5.1.0.14.0.20020403155037.00acdf78@gemini.herts.ac.uk><3.0.1.16.20020405160954.2c2fc068@pb623250.kuleuven.be> <16tdIC-16OE9RC@fwd10.sul.t-online.com> <001101c1dd40$d9c9a1c0$9fdf043e@be047304> <16tyIi-13tPcHC@fwd08.sul.t-online.com> Subject: Re: LF: Re: SPM-x Date: Sat, 6 Apr 2002 21:46:33 +1000 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2615.200 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: > is the URL > electronicatrader.webserver.com.au > correct spelt? http://electronictrader.webserver.com.au/ ........ Zim From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 29151 invoked from network); 6 Apr 2002 22:15:10 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by exhibition.plus.net with SMTP; 6 Apr 2002 22:15:10 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 3553 invoked from network); 6 Apr 2002 22:15:01 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 6 Apr 2002 22:15:01 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16tzsw-0007yG-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Sun, 07 Apr 2002 00:46:18 +0100 Received: from mailout08.sul.t-online.com ([194.25.134.20]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16tzsv-0007yB-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sun, 07 Apr 2002 00:46:17 +0100 Received: from fwd08.sul.t-online.de by mailout08.sul.t-online.com with smtp id 16tyIk-00060U-05; Sun, 07 Apr 2002 00:04:50 +0200 Received: from (0482183881-0001@[193.159.25.194]) by fwd08.sul.t-online.com with smtp id 16tyIi-13tPcHC; Sun, 7 Apr 2002 00:04:48 +0200 From: "jannsen" <0482183881-0001@t-online.de> To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org References: <5.1.0.14.0.20020403155037.00acdf78@gemini.herts.ac.uk><5.1.0.14.0.20020403155037.00acdf78@gemini.herts.ac.uk><3.0.1.16.20020405160954.2c2fc068@pb623250.kuleuven.be> <16tdIC-16OE9RC@fwd10.sul.t-online.com> <001101c1dd40$d9c9a1c0$9fdf043e@be047304> Subject: Re: LF: Re: SPM-x X-Mailer: T-Online eMail 2.34 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Date: Sun, 7 Apr 2002 00:04:48 +0200 Message-ID: <16tyIi-13tPcHC@fwd08.sul.t-online.com> X-Sender: 0482183881-0001@t-dialin.net Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: SOMMEREYNS RUDDY schrieb: > Hello Uwe, > > I have seen this item on this site: electronicatrader.webserver.com.au > The price for the PS6 ( fair condition etc....) $75 > > For the SPM-6 ( fair condition, untested, no handbook) $ 50 > > Price in Australian dollar I guess..... > > 73, > > > Ruddy > ON6UX Hi Ruddy, tks for the mail. is the URL electronicatrader.webserver.com.au correct spelt? trying it I got the response "no such URL ....". it would be vy nice looking it up agn, Ruddy. regards Uwe/dj8wx From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 11045 invoked from network); 6 Apr 2002 09:08:47 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 6 Apr 2002 09:08:47 -0000 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 10761 invoked from network); 6 Apr 2002 09:08:46 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 6 Apr 2002 09:08:46 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16tnf8-0006VL-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Sat, 06 Apr 2002 11:43:14 +0100 Received: from nort.infotecstt.ru ([80.68.3.204] helo=relay.dx.ru) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16tnf6-0006VG-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sat, 06 Apr 2002 11:43:13 +0100 Received: from ed.dx (ed.dx [10.0.1.11]) by relay.dx.ru (8.9.3-PM01/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA55405 for ; Sat, 6 Apr 2002 13:05:05 +0400 (MSD) Date: Sat, 6 Apr 2002 13:04:43 +0400 From: "Ed Lesnichy" X-Mailer: The Bat! (v1.35) UNREG / CD5BF9353B3B7091 Organization: Ed Lesnichy X-Priority: 3 Message-ID: <8544.020406@dx.ru> To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: LF: 1 Rus LF DX-pedition #4 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hello LF Group! Last news (8z 6 apr): - We(RU6LA,UA6LV,UA6LFQ) assume to start on LF ~15-16z Saturday - QRSS3 on 137.7 kc (CW look below) - ATTENTION NA and others: 6 apr from 2300z to 2356z 7 apr from 0230z to 0326z we send test signal QQQQQQQ in QRSS30 Your's report PSE to ed@dx.ru - Let's use alternative Beverage 640m long and 1m loop - QSX 160, 80, 40, 20 - Let's use Pager and DX-cluster - After realization by the first QSO (call RU6LWZ), we shall use the calls RU6LA, UA6LV, UA6LFQ How sending msg to my Pager: - via e-mail: vesso@crypt.rnd.ru Subject: 29600 Body: text (English or Rus) - If know Russian and there is a Russian coding in Windows can inform me on a Pager on http://crypt.rnd.ru for 29600 (English or Rus) The request after start any QSO to NOT USE Pager or DX-cluster for the help details of this QSO!!! I realize, what my TX-ERP is much higher than mine RX-ERP(??)and wishing to lead QSO with me can be much...and time will be limited. Therefore I offer the following algorithm of work QRSS & CW: - If you it is sure me accept, the request after "OOO" to give "S1" (QRSS1 - Speed 1sec dot) and I shall be TX QRSS1 - similarly and I - If I shall accept confidently for CW, instead of "SK" (in QRSS) I shall give "CW SK" - the offer for fast CW QSO on same FQ (137.7) - for CW QSO PSE calling me on ~ 137.4kc, if I see in ARGO CW signals, I send in CW "QSX 136.6" for CW QSX QSO (my FQ 137.7) - if I d't RX CW on 136.6 - PSE QSX 1825 / 3525 / 7025 / 14025. Simultaneously I shall listen and QSX FQ and to answer on 137.7 I hope, that this weekend my RX will be in the order... 73! Ed RU6LA mailto:ed@dx.ru From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 23812 invoked from network); 6 Apr 2002 08:15:16 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 6 Apr 2002 08:15:16 -0000 Received: (qmail 2208 invoked from network); 6 Apr 2002 08:15:15 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 6 Apr 2002 08:15:15 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16tmlw-0006OL-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Sat, 06 Apr 2002 10:46:12 +0100 Received: from durendal.skynet.be ([195.238.3.128]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16tmlu-0006OG-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sat, 06 Apr 2002 10:46:11 +0100 Received: from be047304 ([62.4.223.159]) by durendal.skynet.be (8.11.6/8.11.6/Skynet-OUT-2.16) with SMTP id g367xUM28042 for ; Sat, 6 Apr 2002 09:59:31 +0200 (MET DST) (envelope-from ) Message-ID: <001101c1dd40$d9c9a1c0$9fdf043e@be047304> From: "SOMMEREYNS RUDDY" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org References: <5.1.0.14.0.20020403155037.00acdf78@gemini.herts.ac.uk><5.1.0.14.0.20020403155037.00acdf78@gemini.herts.ac.uk><3.0.1.16.20020405160954.2c2fc068@pb623250.kuleuven.be> <16tdIC-16OE9RC@fwd10.sul.t-online.com> Subject: LF: Re: SPM-x Date: Sat, 6 Apr 2002 09:58:33 +0200 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2615.200 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hello Uwe, I have seen this item on this site: electronicatrader.webserver.com.au The price for the PS6 ( fair condition etc....) $75 For the SPM-6 ( fair condition, untested, no handbook) $ 50 Price in Australian dollar I guess..... 73, Ruddy ON6UX ----- Original Message ----- From: jannsen <0482183881-0001@t-online.de> To: Sent: Saturday, April 06, 2002 1:38 AM Subject: LF: SPM-x > Hi all, > > does it make sense for a lowfer-freak buying a SPM-6 with > PS-6 from W&G (6kHz - 18.6MHz)? > > I have the chance. the seller wants me to make a quotation. > > how high is the cash level on the flea marked ? > > tks in advance for the answers. > > regards > > Uwe/dj8wx > > From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 27368 invoked from network); 6 Apr 2002 02:23:33 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 6 Apr 2002 02:23:33 -0000 Received: (qmail 22853 invoked from network); 6 Apr 2002 02:23:31 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 6 Apr 2002 02:23:31 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16thKY-0005gp-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Sat, 06 Apr 2002 04:57:34 +0100 Received: from mail5.mx.voyager.net ([216.93.66.204]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16thKW-0005gk-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sat, 06 Apr 2002 04:57:33 +0100 Received: from k6500 (d2.ias0.mpls.mn.pclink.com [206.11.3.201]) by mail5.mx.voyager.net (8.11.6/8.10.2) with SMTP id g362OXD73941 for ; Fri, 5 Apr 2002 21:24:33 -0500 (EST) From: "WE0H" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: LF: RE: SPM-x Date: Fri, 5 Apr 2002 20:19:38 -0600 Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2911.0) In-reply-to: <16tdIC-16OE9RC@fwd10.sul.t-online.com> X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Importance: Normal Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: You can never have enough equipment. Buy it if the price is right. 73's, Mike>WE0H http://www.geocities.com/we0h/lf.html -----Original Message----- From: majordom@post.thorcom.com [mailto:majordom@post.thorcom.com]On Behalf Of jannsen Sent: Friday, April 05, 2002 5:39 PM To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: LF: SPM-x Hi all, does it make sense for a lowfer-freak buying a SPM-6 with PS-6 from W&G (6kHz - 18.6MHz)? I have the chance. the seller wants me to make a quotation. how high is the cash level on the flea marked ? tks in advance for the answers. regards Uwe/dj8wx From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 3001 invoked from network); 5 Apr 2002 23:52:34 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 5 Apr 2002 23:52:34 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 20746 invoked from network); 5 Apr 2002 23:52:36 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 5 Apr 2002 23:52:36 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16teqk-0005Ik-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Sat, 06 Apr 2002 02:18:38 +0100 Received: from mailout05.sul.t-online.com ([194.25.134.82]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16teqj-0005If-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sat, 06 Apr 2002 02:18:37 +0100 Received: from fwd10.sul.t-online.de by mailout05.sul.t-online.com with smtp id 16tdIC-0007MD-01; Sat, 06 Apr 2002 01:38:52 +0200 Received: from (0482183881-0001@[62.227.109.46]) by fwd10.sul.t-online.com with smtp id 16tdIB-16OE9QC; Sat, 6 Apr 2002 01:38:51 +0200 From: "jannsen" <0482183881-0001@t-online.de> To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org References: <5.1.0.14.0.20020403155037.00acdf78@gemini.herts.ac.uk> <5.1.0.14.0.20020403155037.00acdf78@gemini.herts.ac.uk> <3.0.1.16.20020405160954.2c2fc068@pb623250.kuleuven.be> Subject: Re: LF: still more loop inductance formulas X-Mailer: T-Online eMail 2.34 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Date: Sat, 6 Apr 2002 01:38:51 +0200 Message-ID: <16tdIB-16OE9QC@fwd10.sul.t-online.com> X-Sender: 0482183881-0001@t-dialin.net Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Rik Strobbe schrieb: > First of all my appologies to those getting bored with my loop inductance > formulas. > But after some 'playing' with simulation software and calcuations it turned > out that there might be a more accurate and simpler formula to calculate > the inductance of a big loop : > > L = 0.8*B*(ln(A/d)+6.82) > where L = loop inductance in uH, A = loop height in m, B = loop length in m > and d = wire diamater in mm > > At first sight there seems no (practical) limits to the A/B ratio. > > If this formula is correct it would also mean that (for a given height) the > loop inductance increase linear with the loop length. > > 73 from a sunny Belgium (sunny and 22°C ... instead of the rain, wind and > 10°C we usually have begin april) > > Rik ON7YD > > Hi Rik, dimensions of my loop-ant: A = 12m, B = 65m, d = 4mm; 2 turns, space 80mm (2m above ground). I tried ur formular inserting the wirepitch somehow as multipl, as div, as log or ln. but the result was vy far away from the measured one (720uH). any idea ? regards Uwe/dj8wx From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 14415 invoked from network); 5 Apr 2002 23:50:55 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by exhibition.plus.net with SMTP; 5 Apr 2002 23:50:55 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 10465 invoked from network); 5 Apr 2002 23:50:48 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 5 Apr 2002 23:50:48 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16teqq-0005Ir-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Sat, 06 Apr 2002 02:18:44 +0100 Received: from mailout05.sul.t-online.com ([194.25.134.82]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16teqp-0005Im-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sat, 06 Apr 2002 02:18:43 +0100 Received: from fwd10.sul.t-online.de by mailout05.sul.t-online.com with smtp id 16tdIC-0007MD-02; Sat, 06 Apr 2002 01:38:52 +0200 Received: from (0482183881-0001@[62.227.109.46]) by fwd10.sul.t-online.com with smtp id 16tdIC-16OE9RC; Sat, 6 Apr 2002 01:38:52 +0200 From: "jannsen" <0482183881-0001@t-online.de> To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org References: <5.1.0.14.0.20020403155037.00acdf78@gemini.herts.ac.uk> <5.1.0.14.0.20020403155037.00acdf78@gemini.herts.ac.uk> <3.0.1.16.20020405160954.2c2fc068@pb623250.kuleuven.be> Subject: LF: SPM-x X-Mailer: T-Online eMail 2.34 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Date: Sat, 6 Apr 2002 01:38:52 +0200 Message-ID: <16tdIC-16OE9RC@fwd10.sul.t-online.com> X-Sender: 0482183881-0001@t-dialin.net Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hi all, does it make sense for a lowfer-freak buying a SPM-6 with PS-6 from W&G (6kHz - 18.6MHz)? I have the chance. the seller wants me to make a quotation. how high is the cash level on the flea marked ? tks in advance for the answers. regards Uwe/dj8wx From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 10803 invoked from network); 5 Apr 2002 16:14:54 -0000 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 5 Apr 2002 16:14:54 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 18311 invoked from network); 5 Apr 2002 16:14:56 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 5 Apr 2002 16:14:56 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16tXpF-0004Gy-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Fri, 05 Apr 2002 18:48:37 +0100 Received: from astral.infomsk.ru ([212.164.44.2] helo=astral.omskcity.com) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16tXpE-0004Gt-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Fri, 05 Apr 2002 18:48:36 +0100 Received: from fitec.omskcity.com (mu06.dialup2.infomsk.ru [212.164.44.118]) by astral.omskcity.com (8.9.3/8.9.3) with SMTP id XAA3cadcbd56ba5 for ; Fri, 5 Apr 2002 23:07:49 +0700 (OSS) Date: Fri, 5 Apr 2002 23:47:10 +0000 (GMT) From: "Alexander S. Yurkov" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: Re: LF: still more loop inductance formulas In-reply-to: <3.0.1.16.20020405160954.2c2fc068@pb623250.kuleuven.be> Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII; format=flowed Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hello, Ric. On Fri, 5 Apr 2002, Rik Strobbe wrote: > But after some 'playing' with simulation software and calcuations it turned > out that there might be a more accurate and simpler formula to calculate > the inductance of a big loop : > > L = 0.8*B*(ln(A/d)+6.82) > where L = loop inductance in uH, A = loop height in m, B = loop length in m > and d = wire diamater in mm > > At first sight there seems no (practical) limits to the A/B ratio. By integrating magnetic field of wires I have derived formula for rectangular loop. It seems bit complex, but there is no limits to A/B indeed. After some test (I want to derive it again to avoid mistakes) I'll sent it to Your. 73 de RA9MB/Alex http://www.qsl.net/ra9mb From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 25423 invoked from network); 5 Apr 2002 15:25:45 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 5 Apr 2002 15:25:45 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 28291 invoked from network); 5 Apr 2002 15:25:44 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 5 Apr 2002 15:25:44 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16tWy1-00043n-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Fri, 05 Apr 2002 17:53:37 +0100 Received: from mail2.cc.kuleuven.ac.be ([134.58.10.50]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16tWy0-00043e-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Fri, 05 Apr 2002 17:53:36 +0100 Received: from LCBD15.fys.kuleuven.ac.be (LCBD15.fys.kuleuven.ac.be [134.58.80.15]) by mail2.cc.kuleuven.ac.be (8.12.1/8.12.1) with SMTP id g35FEtr7092610 for ; Fri, 5 Apr 2002 17:14:56 +0200 Message-ID: <3.0.1.16.20020405160954.2c2fc068@pb623250.kuleuven.be> X-Sender: pb623250@pb623250.kuleuven.be X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 3.0.1 (16) Date: Fri, 05 Apr 2002 16:09:54 To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org From: "Rik Strobbe" Subject: LF: still more loop inductance formulas In-reply-to: <3484.020404@dx.ru> References: <5.1.0.14.0.20020403155037.00acdf78@gemini.herts.ac.uk> <5.1.0.14.0.20020403155037.00acdf78@gemini.herts.ac.uk> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: First of all my appologies to those getting bored with my loop inductance formulas. But after some 'playing' with simulation software and calcuations it turned out that there might be a more accurate and simpler formula to calculate the inductance of a big loop : L = 0.8*B*(ln(A/d)+6.82) where L = loop inductance in uH, A = loop height in m, B = loop length in m and d = wire diamater in mm At first sight there seems no (practical) limits to the A/B ratio. If this formula is correct it would also mean that (for a given height) the loop inductance increase linear with the loop length. 73 from a sunny Belgium (sunny and 22°C ... instead of the rain, wind and 10°C we usually have begin april) Rik ON7YD From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 21660 invoked from network); 4 Apr 2002 07:53:23 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 4 Apr 2002 07:53:23 -0000 Received: (qmail 3097 invoked from network); 4 Apr 2002 07:53:21 -0000 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 4 Apr 2002 07:53:21 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16t3M9-000083-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Thu, 04 Apr 2002 10:16:33 +0100 Received: from nort.infotecstt.ru ([80.68.3.204] helo=relay.dx.ru) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16t3M7-00007y-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Thu, 04 Apr 2002 10:16:32 +0100 Received: from ed.dx (ed.dx [10.0.1.11]) by relay.dx.ru (8.9.3-PM01/8.9.3) with ESMTP id LAA25744 for ; Thu, 4 Apr 2002 11:38:10 +0400 (MSD) Date: Thu, 4 Apr 2002 11:38:00 +0400 From: "Ed Lesnichy" X-Mailer: The Bat! (v1.35) UNREG / CD5BF9353B3B7091 Organization: Ed Lesnichy X-Priority: 3 Message-ID: <3484.020404@dx.ru> To: "James Moritz" Subject: Re[2]: LF: 1 Rus LF DX-pedition #3 In-reply-to: <5.1.0.14.0.20020403155037.00acdf78@gemini.herts.ac.uk> References: <5.1.0.14.0.20020403155037.00acdf78@gemini.herts.ac.uk> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hello James, Wednesday, April 03, 2002, 8:28:38 PM, you wrote: .................................. Many thanks for detailed manual! Especially on ARGO.. I think the last it is necessary to put on www for novice. Had very useful councils from Alberto I2PHD. Appeared that I had problems with hardware of my Integrated SB ;-((( Now has put External SB and there was all OK! Very much would like to see in the my Log and M0BMU!! Presumably I shall be on Machta on Saturday in the evening ~15-16z and any time on Sunday For the last week has collected a lot of work on main work ;-((((( 73! Ed RU6LA mailto:ed@dx.ru From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 14213 invoked from network); 3 Apr 2002 19:46:34 -0000 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 3 Apr 2002 19:46:34 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 29125 invoked from network); 3 Apr 2002 19:46:33 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 3 Apr 2002 19:46:33 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16ss6c-0007N7-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Wed, 03 Apr 2002 22:15:46 +0100 Received: from rhun.esoterica.pt ([195.22.0.26]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16ss6a-0007N2-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Wed, 03 Apr 2002 22:15:44 +0100 Received: from srv17slx.esoterica.pt (srv17slx.esoterica.pt [195.22.0.47]) by rhun.esoterica.pt (8.11.6/8.11.6) with ESMTP id g33Jbar27573 for ; Wed, 3 Apr 2002 20:37:36 +0100 (WEST) Received: from slave-6 (por216.esoterica.pt [195.22.5.216]) by srv17slx.esoterica.pt (8.11.6/8.11.6) with SMTP id g33JbaT09176 for ; Wed, 3 Apr 2002 20:37:36 +0100 (WET DST) Message-ID: <3.0.5.32.20020403193914.00a077b0@pop3.esoterica.pt> X-Sender: brian@pop3.esoterica.pt (Unverified) X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Light Version 3.0.5 (32) Date: Wed, 03 Apr 2002 19:39:14 +0100 To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org From: "Brian Rogerson" Subject: Re: LF: more loop inductance In-reply-to: <3.0.1.16.20020403102400.30975ab6@pb623250.kuleuven.be> References: <3.0.1.16.20020402140550.30cf29da@pb623250.kuleuven.be> <19519.020329@dx.ru> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hi Rik, At 10:24 03/04/2002, you wrote: >Having a closer look at the formulas for different loop shapes gives an >indication that there is a correlation between the inductance of a loop and >the ratio of perimeter^2/area. >If this is correct it would allow to get a formula for rectangular loops : > >L = 0.4*(A+B)*(ln((A+B)/d)+7.6-0.35*(A+B)^2/(A*B)) >where L = loop inductance in uH, A = loop height in m, B = loop length in m >and d = wire diameter in mm >The formula would be valid for loops where B/A does not exceed 6. > >Does anyanoe have actualy measured the inductance of a big square loop ? >I would be interested to check the measured values against the calculated >ones. Have just measured my aluminium 6.4m * 6.4m * 45mm field strength measuring loop and it gives 26.5uH. I think the formula gives 25.3uH. Each corner has two triangular reinforcing plates so the perimeter will be a little shorter than 4*6.4m. 73, Brian 73 Brian CT1DRP IN51QD 41 09 58N 08 39 11W http://homepage.esoterica.pt/~brian From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 557 invoked from network); 3 Apr 2002 17:15:50 -0000 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 3 Apr 2002 17:15:50 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 17689 invoked from network); 3 Apr 2002 17:15:48 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 3 Apr 2002 17:15:48 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16spkj-000756-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Wed, 03 Apr 2002 19:45:01 +0100 Received: from mail4.messagelabs.com ([212.125.75.12]) by post.thorcom.com with smtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16spki-000751-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Wed, 03 Apr 2002 19:45:00 +0100 X-VirusChecked: Checked Received: (qmail 976 invoked from network); 3 Apr 2002 17:06:13 -0000 Received: from merimac.us.gases.boc.com (HELO merimac) (204.149.80.4) by server-13.tower-4.messagelabs.com with SMTP; 3 Apr 2002 17:06:13 -0000 Received: by EXC_WIL04 with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) id <2G9P4BQV>; Wed, 3 Apr 2002 12:13:40 -0500 Message-ID: From: "Ashlock,William" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: LF: RE: more loop inductance Date: Wed, 3 Apr 2002 11:57:05 -0500 MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Rik, >Does anyone have actualy measured the inductance of a big square loop ? >I would be interested to check the measured values against the calculated >ones. At my std 50ft x 50ft location, a #12 (2mm) conductor measured ~109uh. Your L=.2W((ln(W/d)+5.5) formula yields 106uh. I suspect the loop may have been a bit longer than 200ft, so the formula could have been right on the money. My new 0.63"d pipe loop at this same location measures 90uh and calculates to be ~82uh using this formula. The reason for most of the discrepancy must be that the formula is for solid or stranded conductors - but sill not that far off. Bill A ********************************************************************* This footnote confirms that this e-mail message has been scanned for the presence of known computer viruses by the MessageLabs Virus Control Centre. However, it is still recommended that you use local virus scanning software to monitor for the presence of viruses. ********************************************************************* From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 4728 invoked from network); 3 Apr 2002 16:41:12 -0000 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 3 Apr 2002 16:41:12 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 29608 invoked from network); 3 Apr 2002 16:41:11 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 3 Apr 2002 16:41:11 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16spEf-00071H-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Wed, 03 Apr 2002 19:11:53 +0100 Received: from hestia.herts.ac.uk ([147.197.200.9]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16spEe-00071C-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Wed, 03 Apr 2002 19:11:52 +0100 Received: from gemini ([147.197.200.44] helo=gemini.herts.ac.uk) by hestia.herts.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.22 #1) id 16snhi-0005Cq-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Wed, 03 Apr 2002 17:33:46 +0100 Received: from [147.197.232.252] (helo=rsch-15.herts.ac.uk) by gemini.herts.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #1) id 16snhh-00034u-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Wed, 03 Apr 2002 17:33:45 +0100 Message-ID: <5.1.0.14.0.20020403155037.00acdf78@gemini.herts.ac.uk> X-Sender: mj9ar@gemini.herts.ac.uk X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1 Date: Wed, 03 Apr 2002 17:28:38 +0100 To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org From: "James Moritz" Subject: Re: LF: 1 Rus LF DX-pedition #3 In-reply-to: <10717.020402@dx.ru> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Dear Ed and friends, LF group, You wrote... >...I start to understand that my ARGO in horizontal mode shows continuous >lines - >completely not such beautiful what I saw in Internet?? (any FAQ?) A big antenna like you have will give very high receive signal levels - when operating using a 100m high Decca mast a couple of years ago, I found attenuation of about 30dB at the RX input gave good signal to noise ratio, and also gave good protection to the RX against overload and damage from static - especially if you use big resistors for the attenuator pad. Basically, use as much attenuation as possible while you still get a good SNR. As well as the antenna matching network, the receiver I used had a single bandpass circuit for preselection - I did not have any problems with overloading during the operation. I think the most important thing when using Argo or other spectrogram software is to adjust the gain levels correctly - I use a procedure like this: Switch off the receiver AGC, select the narrowest bandwidth filter and set the RF gain to give a comfortable audio level that does not overload the IF or audio stages. In Argo, I switch the AGC option off, select the "high" visual gain setting, and set the contrast control to the middle of the scale.Then use the PC "volume control" to adjust the sound card mic or line input gain so that the signal level indicator on the left hand side of the display peaks at about 1/2 or 1/3 of full scale. Then I set the Argo sensitivity control so that noise "snow" is just visible on the display. If a strong signal appears, I reduce the gain using the RX RF gain control to get a clear display. Also, make sure you have set the center of the Argo frequency scale equal to the BFO pitch - I have forgotten to do that a few times, and spent a long time wondering why I could see no signals! I always avoid using the RX AGC - I find it causes the signals to break up, as the gain varies because of noise spikes At my QTH, apart from the band background noise "snow", it is possible to see many horizontal lines in the display, which are due to Loran beacons (called Chayka in Russia?). Usually I null these out using a loop antenna, but there are still a few lines from other sources. QRN crashes cause vertical streaks on the display. The usual local QRM problem is 50Hz noise from mains operated equipment - to cure this, you can try moving the RX antenna, or find and switch off the equipment causing the noise. The mains noise may cause lines of QRM to drift across the display, or may just increase the "snow" on the display. Of course, a big antenna is not essential for receive, a simple long wire with a resonating coil is adequate. So it might be a good idea to test the receive system at your home QTH before the next expedition. - There are several of us on this reflector who can transmit some test signals for you - let us know when you would like them. Cheers, Jim Moritz 73 de M0BMU From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 4896 invoked from network); 3 Apr 2002 14:57:39 -0000 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 3 Apr 2002 14:57:39 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 21051 invoked from network); 3 Apr 2002 14:57:38 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 3 Apr 2002 14:57:38 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16snfK-0006oF-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Wed, 03 Apr 2002 17:31:18 +0100 Received: from cmailenv3.svr.pol.co.uk ([213.218.77.55]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16snfJ-0006oA-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Wed, 03 Apr 2002 17:31:17 +0100 Received: from [62.21.143.209] (helo=w8k3f0.freeler.nl) by cmailENV3.svr.pol.co.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.35 #1) id 16sm8P-00008F-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Wed, 03 Apr 2002 14:53:13 +0000 Message-ID: <5.1.0.14.0.20020403165901.00a0e110@POP3.freeler.nl> X-Sender: FRE0000086604@POP3.freeler.nl X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1 Date: Wed, 03 Apr 2002 16:59:01 +0200 To: "LF-Group" From: "Dick Rollema" Subject: LF: Article on Rugby Radio MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: To All from PA0SE The British magazine Radio Bygones, Issue No. 76, April/May 2002, features a very interesting seven page article on the Rugby Radio Station, written by Brian Faulkner. Beautiful pictures of the transmitters and aerials and also a plan of the aerial systems. Real big radio! See also http://www.radiobygones.com 73, Dick, PA0SE From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 7383 invoked from network); 3 Apr 2002 09:37:54 -0000 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 3 Apr 2002 09:37:54 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 17405 invoked from network); 3 Apr 2002 09:37:55 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 3 Apr 2002 09:37:55 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16sic5-00068F-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Wed, 03 Apr 2002 12:07:37 +0100 Received: from mail2.cc.kuleuven.ac.be ([134.58.10.50]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16sic4-00068A-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Wed, 03 Apr 2002 12:07:36 +0100 Received: from LCBD15.fys.kuleuven.ac.be (LCBD15.fys.kuleuven.ac.be [134.58.80.15]) by mail2.cc.kuleuven.ac.be (8.12.1/8.12.1) with SMTP id g339Sv3n007926 for ; Wed, 3 Apr 2002 11:28:58 +0200 Message-ID: <3.0.1.16.20020403102400.30975ab6@pb623250.kuleuven.be> X-Sender: pb623250@pb623250.kuleuven.be X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 3.0.1 (16) Date: Wed, 03 Apr 2002 10:24:00 To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org From: "Rik Strobbe" Subject: LF: more loop inductance In-reply-to: <3.0.1.16.20020402140550.30cf29da@pb623250.kuleuven.be> References: <19519.020329@dx.ru> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Having a closer look at the formulas for different loop shapes gives an indication that there is a correlation between the inductance of a loop and the ratio of perimeter^2/area. If this is correct it would allow to get a formula for rectangular loops : L = 0.4*(A+B)*(ln((A+B)/d)+7.6-0.35*(A+B)^2/(A*B)) where L = loop inductance in uH, A = loop height in m, B = loop length in m and d = wire diameter in mm The formula would be valid for loops where B/A does not exceed 6. Does anyanoe have actualy measured the inductance of a big square loop ? I would be interested to check the measured values against the calculated ones. 73, Rik ON7YD From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 5922 invoked from network); 2 Apr 2002 21:18:15 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 2 Apr 2002 21:18:15 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 5197 invoked from network); 2 Apr 2002 21:18:13 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 2 Apr 2002 21:18:13 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16sX8Z-0004pj-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Tue, 02 Apr 2002 23:52:23 +0100 Received: from imo-d01.mx.aol.com ([205.188.157.33]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16sX8Y-0004pb-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 02 Apr 2002 23:52:22 +0100 Received: from DL4YHF@aol.com by imo-d01.mx.aol.com (mail_out_v32.11.) id l.161.b7cc15c (3699) for ; Tue, 2 Apr 2002 16:13:30 -0500 (EST) From: DL4YHF@aol.com Message-ID: <161.b7cc15c.29db78fa@aol.com> Date: Tue, 2 Apr 2002 16:13:30 EST Subject: LF pileup suggestion (was: Re: LF: IK5ZPV >< RU6LWZ) To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/html; charset=windows-1252 X-Mailer: AOL 6.0 for Windows XP DE sub 50 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Content-transfer-encoding: 8bit Hello Group,

Giulio wrote:

>> So, if a strong EU call in qrss during the DX call, is really hard listen all two the signal togheter, agc on rx and on the SW not help in this situation.
So like is made in low band ( i use only 160), never the dx call and receive on same qrg, but always in split, so may be that this operation mode help us also on 137, the dx may call at 137.00, and listen all the station around 137.70.
<<

Yes indeed, a strong station in the neighbourhood sometimes exceeds the receivers dynamic range with the AGC turned off (luckily this only happened one single time during the RU6 activity, but surely it was an accident). It makes no sense to call the DX station while the DX is transmitting, because not many stations have "full-bk" capability, and even with full-bk it would be hard to decode anything in slow CW.

A 700Hz split offset would help in a way, but it would be hard to work such a DX station without knowing the operation details. So you could not work them without internet access (or a friend who tells you; hard to do this in QRSS ;-). I like the old way of monitoring the band, hearing something interesting, make a call and work the other station without the need to make contact via internet, DX cluster, cell phone etc.
Of course, most LF activists have access to the internet or packet radio network, so why not use it.. and agreeing on  a certain procedure for 'special events' before they actually take place certainly helps.
On 144MHz meteor scatter, we use a system of time slots which works perfect because everyone knows it. How about using a similar scheme for 'special event' slow CW operation, like this (has been suggested before, but I dont remeber who it was)

- DX starts calling at full hour until 5 minutes after the hour (xx:00 ... xx:05)

- Pileup answers from xx:05 to xx:10.

This 10 minute 'cq' and reply cycle repeats every 10 minutes, until the DX station has one (OR MANY!) callsigns ok and starts to call them by prefix.

A 5 Minute CQ call may be ok for 3 second dot lengths (?), for slower speed another system may be used. The length of the reply interval (here 5 minutes) may be defined by the DX caller as a short letter before final "k", like "e"=5 minutes, "ee"=10 minutes, "eee"=15 minutes.
"cq ru6la ek"  =    "ru6la listening for 5 minutes now, please come"

The problem with this cycle is, it may be hard to push certain callsigns into a 5 minute slot, but a solution for calls like HB0/DL1SAN/p can surely be found ;-)

An other combination to inform listeners about split operation could also be used, but it would have to be much more precise than the odd "up" on shortwave.
The letter "s" when sent on the end of the band may be used for "split, listening Seven hundred hertz below my TX frequency".
Not necessary to do this in every over, once per hour would be fine; or if the DX station is as strong as RU6LA/LWZ (and knows about its own strength!) it can give additional information in moderate regular CW.

In my opinion, saying "forget slow CW stuff, it would have worked in regular CW" doesnt really help - except for a particular BIG station. I very much doubt that regular CW would work into russia for about 95 % of all stations in western europe.  For us "ERP milliwatters", a slow mode like QRSS, JASON or slow variants of PSK is the only chance to work DX as 2-way LF contact (please no comments like "build yourself a better antenna").

73
Wolf DL4YHF/DF0WD

P.S. Giulio - Thanks for the contact. Some hours after the QSO, your signal was audible here in northern DL, loc JO42FD .





From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 17851 invoked from network); 2 Apr 2002 19:36:43 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 2 Apr 2002 19:36:43 -0000 Received: (qmail 13813 invoked from network); 2 Apr 2002 19:36:39 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 2 Apr 2002 19:36:39 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16sVXw-0004dj-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Tue, 02 Apr 2002 22:10:28 +0100 Received: from www.gardaol.com ([195.223.232.51] helo=netregister.it ident=root) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16sVXv-0004de-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 02 Apr 2002 22:10:27 +0100 Received: from ik2dedlibero (brescia13.phoenix.it [213.82.97.77]) by netregister.it (8.11.4/8.11.4) with SMTP id g32JWLQ11396 for ; Tue, 2 Apr 2002 21:32:21 +0200 Message-ID: <001301c19f1c$5ab9a0e0$4d6152d5@it> From: "Giulio Scaroni" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org References: <10717.020402@dx.ru> Subject: LF: Re: 1 Rus LF DX-pedition #3 (long) Date: Thu, 17 Jan 2002 06:28:08 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2919.6600 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Ed wrote: > Hello LF Group! > > As has already received msg-accusations that I used forbidden KWs, > at once I want to inform, that my PA (simple modified old lamp > PA type U-100 with 3x russian 6R3S Ua=550V - Ia~160..200mA in B1 class) > gave on an output resolved in Russia(100w output) 60-80 w - no more! > All business in very effective LF antenna! I think... Yes, is not important the output of the transmitter, but the efficiency of the TX antenna, also i use 100 W with my tower long 80 meters, with a single wire slooping down from the top, and with this antenna my signal is strong in all Europe, so i think that someone may calculate the ERP of your sistem!! > Internet is not present, cellular practically does not work, > DX-cluster via PR is bad, unique reliable connection through Pager and > 160/80m/VHF The good idea in this situation is to use more than one frequency on HF to exchange info between Dx and the other station, and report the info on LF reflector, or on PCL. > But we "...deaf..." ???? At us something with RX?? But I perfectly > audible IK5ZPV in QRSS3 yesterday?? > Change of ANT (earlier in the best way accepted 160m Q NE-SW) in anything does not > result - audible only strange "sticks". I see just that not clear, besides > I start to understand that my ARGO in horizontal mode shows continuous lines - > completely not such beautiful what I saw in Internet?? (any FAQ?) > 73! Ed RU6LA mailto:ed@dx.ru The problem may be more than one, one may be that you have a big ERP, so all the EU station was many dB lower than you, the 2500 Km medium distancy not help the contact, the other EU spedion in Decca (G), and by OM2TW (OM), were closed in central EU, so no problem also for receive little gun, but at 2500 and more Km is another history. The other may be that you have some problem on RX front end, or with the SW, may be a switching power supply generating noise , i have a IC 775 that is not usable in lf for the second armonic of the PSU, i use it with an external 12 Vcc traditional supply. Many times i have tried to switch off all the equipment in my house to check the noise level on lf. About the software also i have had many problem to understand the correct use of it, and setting the speed, the AF control, and others things, so i suggest you to put out on air a little beacon, near the receiver connected to the antenna, and try to receive in different condition, i have made the same here. So at the end of all, thank you very much for this interesting test, hope for better results the next times. Congratulations for the signal here, was very strong. 73 and GL de IK2DED Giulio. From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 24143 invoked from network); 2 Apr 2002 18:00:54 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 2 Apr 2002 18:00:54 -0000 Received: (qmail 27047 invoked from network); 2 Apr 2002 18:00:50 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 2 Apr 2002 18:00:50 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16sU4r-0004RU-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Tue, 02 Apr 2002 20:36:21 +0100 Received: from www.gardaol.com ([195.223.232.51] helo=netregister.it ident=root) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16sU4q-0004RO-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 02 Apr 2002 20:36:20 +0100 Received: from ik2dedlibero (brescia26.phoenix.it [213.82.97.90]) by netregister.it (8.11.4/8.11.4) with SMTP id g32HwFQ04675 for ; Tue, 2 Apr 2002 19:58:15 +0200 Message-ID: <004a01c19f0f$3076c360$5a6152d5@it> From: "Giulio Scaroni" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org References: <139.bf46b1c.29d9a292@aol.com> Subject: Re: LF: IK5ZPV >< RU6LWZ Date: Thu, 17 Jan 2002 05:26:51 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/html; charset=windows-1252 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2919.6600 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Content-transfer-encoding: 8bit
Wolf wrote:
Seen and mostly heard during the evening, roughly ordered by 'visual' signal strength:
DL3FDO, PA0BWL, DF6NM, M0BMU, OM2TW, IK5ZPV, IK2DED, OH5UFO; and -of course- RU6LA / RU6LWZ about the same strength as IK5ZPV.

In the pileup, it was nice to see that every of the above stations used an individual frequency, so no problem... a big difference to most pileups on shortwave.
 
Yes, this time the signale received was very strong, but not all the spedion may will have this strong signal.
I have noticed that sometimes there was confusion on call, with EU station calling on RU6 while is was trasmitting, very near to the his qrg, expecially when he was calling"IK5ZPV ONLY DE RU6LWZ".
So, if a strong EU call in qrss during the DX call, is really hard listen all two the signal togheter, agc on rx and on the SW not help in this situation.
So like is made in low band ( i use only 160), never the dx call and receive on same qrg, but always in split, so may be that this operation mode help us also on 137, the dx may call at 137.00, and listen all the station around 137.70.
Same comments??
73 de IK2DED Giulio.
 
From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 28879 invoked from network); 2 Apr 2002 17:51:23 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 2 Apr 2002 17:51:23 -0000 Received: (qmail 28045 invoked from network); 2 Apr 2002 17:51:21 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 2 Apr 2002 17:51:21 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16sTvJ-0004PM-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Tue, 02 Apr 2002 20:26:29 +0100 Received: from www.gardaol.com ([195.223.232.51] helo=netregister.it ident=root) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16sTvI-0004PH-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 02 Apr 2002 20:26:28 +0100 Received: from ik2dedlibero (brescia26.phoenix.it [213.82.97.90]) by netregister.it (8.11.4/8.11.4) with SMTP id g32HmMQ03688 for ; Tue, 2 Apr 2002 19:48:22 +0200 Message-ID: <004001c19f0d$ce5ee000$5a6152d5@it> From: "Giulio Scaroni" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org References: <3CA889BF.5C1C6110@netscapeonline.co.uk> Subject: LF: Re: Weekend Date: Thu, 17 Jan 2002 05:16:57 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2919.6600 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Mal wrote: > There was a lot of QRS acty this weekend on 137.7 khz. All of the > stations active from around EU and Russia were perfect aural copy with > me. This acty went on all day long, but to no avail, no QSO'S took place > while I was listening and watching. As far as I am concerned QRS is only > necessary if NORMAL CW fails. All of the stations I have worked before > except RU6LWZ and this station peaked at 599 in the evening. Normal CW > was more appropriate on this occassion and if a QSO had taken place it > would only require a few minutes at the most and not take all day. > A QRS QSO takes up less bandwidth but if you consider the time to make a > QSO, in reality a normal CW QSO requires less time and consequently less > band occupancy. > As it happens QRS did not work this weekend and normal CW probably would > have succeeded > and not cluttered up the band. I needed attenuation on the RX most of > the time the signals were so strong. > I only use QRS when others listening for me do not have facilities to > copy normal CW for various reasons. > 73 de Mal/G3KEV Mmmhhh, not all the station live in quite rural area, so many times is impossible copy normal CW, but only qrss, this happens also here in my station, sometimes i listen well, sometimes not so well. Like i use the monitor also in qrss, if my signal is audible on normal cw, the other station may call me in normal cw, this will appear on the my screen, and may be in loudspeaker, so the qso if is possible will be do. So, usually i prefer call in qrss for all the station, but no problem to answer in normal cw, if i listen the other station!! 73 de IK2DED Giulio. Your signal is usually 549 aural cw here Mal!!!! From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 28458 invoked from network); 2 Apr 2002 16:31:09 -0000 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by exhibition.plus.net with SMTP; 2 Apr 2002 16:31:09 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 10124 invoked from network); 2 Apr 2002 16:20:21 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 2 Apr 2002 16:20:21 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16sSRu-0004CQ-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Tue, 02 Apr 2002 18:52:02 +0100 Received: from hestia.herts.ac.uk ([147.197.200.9]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16sSRt-0004CL-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 02 Apr 2002 18:52:01 +0100 Received: from gemini ([147.197.200.44] helo=gemini.herts.ac.uk) by hestia.herts.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.22 #1) id 16sQuz-0002Ts-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 02 Apr 2002 17:13:57 +0100 Received: from [147.197.232.252] (helo=rsch-15.herts.ac.uk) by gemini.herts.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #1) id 16sQuy-0000l9-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 02 Apr 2002 17:13:57 +0100 Message-ID: <5.1.0.14.0.20020402162043.00a96d80@gemini.herts.ac.uk> X-Sender: mj9ar@gemini.herts.ac.uk X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1 Date: Tue, 02 Apr 2002 17:08:54 +0100 To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org From: "James Moritz" Subject: Re: LF: loop inductance In-reply-to: <3.0.1.16.20020402140550.30cf29da@pb623250.kuleuven.be> References: <19519.020329@dx.ru> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Dear LF group, In Rik's formulae, if you make W in m equal d in mm, the formulae reduce to L=1.1W, give or take a few percent,depending on shape - close to RA9MB's formula L=W for a single turn. I have not tried a big TX loop, but the 2m side square loops made of 15mm diameter tube I have been using lately have L=7.9uH, very close to Rik's square loop formula and Yuri's simple formula; a 1m square loop of the same tube had L about 4uH. Making the wire thinner increases L, but is not very critical because of the Log component. A 1m square loop of about 1mm wire had L of about 6.4uH, which agrees with Rik's formula which predicts 6.1uH. Alex's formula L=WN^2 makes the inductance proportional to N^2 for a multi-turn loop; in practice the inductance will always be somewhat less because there is not unity coupling factor between the turns. A 10 turn, 1m^2 loop made using 1mm PVC insulated wire in a bundle had an L of about 340uH rather than 400uH The error will depend on the spacing of the turns and how they are bundled together and so on. All the same, it seems like a good way of making a rough estimate - in practice, there will be many factors that have a slight effect on the actual value of L, so a rough estimate is probably all that is required. Cheers, Jim Moritz 73 de M0BMU From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 3084 invoked from network); 2 Apr 2002 13:52:52 -0000 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by exhibition.plus.net with SMTP; 2 Apr 2002 13:52:52 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 26502 invoked from network); 2 Apr 2002 13:52:34 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 2 Apr 2002 13:52:34 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16sQ8e-0003sk-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Tue, 02 Apr 2002 16:24:00 +0100 Received: from mail2.cc.kuleuven.ac.be ([134.58.10.50]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16sQ8d-0003sf-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 02 Apr 2002 16:23:59 +0100 Received: from LCBD15.fys.kuleuven.ac.be (LCBD15.fys.kuleuven.ac.be [134.58.80.15]) by mail2.cc.kuleuven.ac.be (8.12.1/8.12.1) with SMTP id g32DjPJ5104334 for ; Tue, 2 Apr 2002 15:45:25 +0200 Message-ID: <3.0.1.16.20020402144029.30d72ed6@pb623250.kuleuven.be> X-Sender: pb623250@pb623250.kuleuven.be X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 3.0.1 (16) Date: Tue, 02 Apr 2002 14:40:29 To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org From: "Rik Strobbe" Subject: Re: LF: loop inductance In-reply-to: <3.0.1.16.20020402140550.30cf29da@pb623250.kuleuven.be> References: <19519.020329@dx.ru> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: One more thing to mention : RA9MB's formula L = D*N^2 becomes a very very simple L = D for a single turn loop (L = inductance in uH, D = loop diameter in m, N = turns). Although it cannot be used for the really large transmitting loops it a good 'first guess' for the common RX loops (diameter 0.5m .. 2m). The formula couldn't be easier and gives a reasonable idea about the inductance (+/- few 10%). It doesn't have to be advanced math all the time :-) Rik From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 28130 invoked from network); 2 Apr 2002 13:30:30 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 2 Apr 2002 13:30:30 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 28931 invoked from network); 2 Apr 2002 13:30:38 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 2 Apr 2002 13:30:38 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16sPpq-0003oL-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Tue, 02 Apr 2002 16:04:34 +0100 Received: from moutvdomng1.kundenserver.de ([212.227.126.181]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16sPpp-0003oG-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 02 Apr 2002 16:04:33 +0100 Received: from [195.20.224.219] (helo=mrvdom03.kundenserver.de) by moutvdomng1.kundenserver.de with esmtp (Exim 3.22 #2) id 16sOIr-0002p9-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 02 Apr 2002 15:26:25 +0200 Received: from pd9014b31.dip.t-dialin.net ([217.1.75.49] helo=diolog.de) by mrvdom03.kundenserver.de with esmtp (Exim 2.12 #2) id 16sOIn-0000bs-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 2 Apr 2002 15:26:21 +0200 Message-ID: <3CA996EB.2064F3A5@diolog.de> Date: Tue, 02 Apr 2002 13:32:59 +0200 From: "Fabian Kurz" X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.7 [de] (Win98; I) X-Accept-Language: de MIME-Version: 1.0 To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: LF: mysterious QRSS30 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hello, I am observing a QRSS30-Signal on 137.720 right now, keying "SE AFT AFT AFT" but no ID yet in QRSS30, with little variable length. The signal is well audible (at 579). Anyone just testing the TX? 73, Fabian DJ1YFK From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 4736 invoked from network); 2 Apr 2002 13:17:26 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by exhibition.plus.net with SMTP; 2 Apr 2002 13:17:26 -0000 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 23634 invoked from network); 2 Apr 2002 13:17:07 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 2 Apr 2002 13:17:07 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16sPcZ-0003kI-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Tue, 02 Apr 2002 15:50:51 +0100 Received: from nort.infotecstt.ru ([80.68.3.204] helo=relay.dx.ru) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16sPcW-0003kD-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 02 Apr 2002 15:50:49 +0100 Received: from ed.dx (ed.dx [10.0.1.11]) by relay.dx.ru (8.9.3-PM01/8.9.3) with ESMTP id RAA98105 for ; Tue, 2 Apr 2002 17:12:42 +0400 (MSD) Date: Tue, 2 Apr 2002 17:12:31 +0400 From: "Ed Lesnichy" X-Mailer: The Bat! (v1.35) UNREG / CD5BF9353B3B7091 Organization: Ed Lesnichy X-Priority: 3 Message-ID: <10717.020402@dx.ru> To: "rsgb rsgb" Subject: LF: 1 Rus LF DX-pedition #3 (long) MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hello LF Group! As has already received msg-accusations that I used forbidden KWs, at once I want to inform, that my PA (simple modified old lamp PA type U-100 with 3x russian 6R3S Ua=550V - Ia~160..200mA in B1 class) gave on an output resolved in Russia(100w output) 60-80 w - no more! All business in very effective LF antenna! I think... And very original propogation on LF also... Last news (9z 2 apr): - As someone has written "giant vertical" or "biggest HAM's LF antenna in world"(???) still hangs. I hope that so there will be some weeks - I am engaged in restoration my damaged TS-850 (as appeared were damaged entrance selective L C - static or TX, I d't know (???) - I make new 7th Order Band Pass Filter (Stop Band Attenuation ~60db) - I assume, that our experiments will proceed some more weeks while the ANT (mainly on weekends) hangs - we are make some alternative LF ANT Below brief diary DX-pedition (29-31 mar), allowing to understand as it passed and why it was not possible to make all and to give advice: 29 MAR 15z - RU6LA on Machta (so we name our QTH KN97LN) 18z - it is found out, that TX-part does not work (probably it was damaged by transportation or ... ;-))) 20z (00 local time) 29 mar - UA6LV & UA6LFQ also on Machta We make a decision, that Ed and Serge remain on the Mast for preparation of the equipment, and UA6LV goes to Dacha (~20km from KN97LN) to coordinate ours TX-signal on 136 and to work in WPX a little 30 MAR Up to 20z we try to make RX/TX (in particular, it it is necessary to make of improvised means(!) new 3rd order BP) and it is periodically made TX for UA6LV and RA9MB after msg on Pager via e-mail) on 137.7 16z - at last we spend QSX QSO 137.7/1850 with UA6LV (our S 59+ !!), but RX on 137 still is not present ;-((( 20z We finish made new BP and it is on RX - LF has cardinally changed! And at once in 2020z confidently I accept IK5ZPV in QRSS3!!!! But again a problem with TX/ANT-part - we can not leave on TX ;-((( 31 MAR Up to 10z it is restored all and we start to search (UA6LV) for correspondents closer and it is regularly made CQ in CW - have heard only UU4JMG (~400km) Pager is silent - probably nobody hears us??? ;-((( Internet is not present, cellular practically does not work, DX-cluster via PR is bad, unique reliable connection through Pager and 160/80m/VHF 15z - start QRSS1(!) on 137.7 - I see any a "stick" - I believe, that something no HAMs - again nobody hears it ?? ;-((( 16z - Reach msg through PR, that appears us hear in the Central Europe!!! But we "...deaf..." ???? At us something with RX?? But I perfectly audible IK5ZPV in QRSS3 yesterday?? Change of ANT (earlier in the best way accepted 160m Q NE-SW) in anything does not result - audible only strange "sticks". I see just that not clear, besides I start to understand that my ARGO in horizontal mode shows continuous lines - completely not such beautiful what I saw in Internet?? (any FAQ?) 20z(00 local time) - Comes UA6LV and together with UA6LFQ leave in Taganrog (tomorrow since morning for work), and I remain for finding - out of the reason of absence RX 23z - On Pager there comes msg from Giri DK8KW about QSX (sri G3KEV which me asked about it 28 mar), but UA6LV's Icom 775 I have not guessed to leave, and with ones TS-850 it was inconvenient to alter switching ;-((( 00z - Weakened I lie down to sleep, though now I understand, that it was necessary to make QRSS up to 4..6z and to give ANN in Cluster for NA ;-((( Yesterday spoke on cellular with Alex RV6LNA (ours life members - he and Vic UA6LO now in A61). They will try something to make on LF of the equipment and ANT. But at them now problems with use calls A61AO or A61AR. Who can help them with it? 73! Ed RU6LA mailto:ed@dx.ru From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 19917 invoked from network); 2 Apr 2002 13:15:30 -0000 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 2 Apr 2002 13:15:30 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 22191 invoked from network); 2 Apr 2002 13:15:39 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 2 Apr 2002 13:15:39 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16sPb8-0003jo-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Tue, 02 Apr 2002 15:49:22 +0100 Received: from mail2.cc.kuleuven.ac.be ([134.58.10.50]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16sPb6-0003jj-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 02 Apr 2002 15:49:21 +0100 Received: from LCBD15.fys.kuleuven.ac.be (LCBD15.fys.kuleuven.ac.be [134.58.80.15]) by mail2.cc.kuleuven.ac.be (8.12.1/8.12.1) with SMTP id g32DAkJ5078808 for ; Tue, 2 Apr 2002 15:10:46 +0200 Message-ID: <3.0.1.16.20020402140550.30cf29da@pb623250.kuleuven.be> X-Sender: pb623250@pb623250.kuleuven.be X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 3.0.1 (16) Date: Tue, 02 Apr 2002 14:05:50 To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org From: "Rik Strobbe" Subject: LF: loop inductance In-reply-to: <19519.020329@dx.ru> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hello group, thanks to all who replied to my request, either direct or via the reflector. The result is a nice collection of formulas, both for round as for square single turn loops (3 formulas for round loops and 3 for square loops). Apart from the very simple formula that was given by RA9MB all other formulas were based on the natural logaritm of the loop circumreference vs. wire diameter ratio, but all with other dimensions. And surprisingly (or not so surprisingly ?) ... after converting everything to a circumreference in meter and wire diameter in mm all 3 formulas were very similar (only few % difference). So either several people came to the same result independently from each other or all formulas were derived from the same 'mother of all formulas" for loop inductance. Anyway, for those interested : Round loop : L = 0.2*W*(ln(W/d)+5.85) Square loop : L = 0.2*W*(ln(W/d)+5.5) L = loop inductance in uH W = loop circumreference (perimeter) in m d = wire diamter in mm ln = natural logaritm Further I found : Octagonal loop : L = 0.2W*(ln(W/d)+5.73) Hexagonal loop : L = 0.2W*(ln(W/d)+5.66) Pentagonal loop : L = 0.2W*(ln(W/d)+5.59) Triangular loop : L = 0.2W*(ln(W/d)+5.1) (all the above for equilaterally shapes) Rectangular triangle loop : L = 0.2W*(ln(W/d)+4.96) Interesting constatation : A. Round loop with 10m diameter (circumref.= 31.4m, area = 78.5m^2) = 48uH B. differently shaped loops with same circumreference : square = 46uH rect. triangle = 43uH B. diffently shaped loops with same area : square = 53uH rect. triangle = 61uH So at first sight the loop inductance is more determined by the circumreference than by the area. So far I haven' found any formula for rectangular loops, unfortunately this is the most common shape for big transmitting loops. 73, Rik ON7YD From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 20192 invoked from network); 2 Apr 2002 11:42:50 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 2 Apr 2002 11:42:50 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 6415 invoked from network); 2 Apr 2002 11:42:48 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 2 Apr 2002 11:42:48 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16sO9Y-0003ZG-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Tue, 02 Apr 2002 14:16:48 +0100 Received: from hestia.herts.ac.uk ([147.197.200.9]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16sO9V-0003ZB-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 02 Apr 2002 14:16:45 +0100 Received: from gemini ([147.197.200.44] helo=gemini.herts.ac.uk) by hestia.herts.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.22 #1) id 16sMcb-0005OU-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 02 Apr 2002 12:38:41 +0100 Received: from [147.197.232.252] (helo=rsch-15.herts.ac.uk) by gemini.herts.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #1) id 16sMca-0001hy-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 02 Apr 2002 12:38:40 +0100 Message-ID: <5.1.0.14.0.20020402114350.00ae6d18@gemini.herts.ac.uk> X-Sender: mj9ar@gemini.herts.ac.uk X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1 Date: Tue, 02 Apr 2002 12:33:38 +0100 To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org From: "James Moritz" Subject: Re: LF: 1-st RUS LF DX-pedition In-reply-to: <19519.020329@dx.ru> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="------------090907020205080907040603" Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: This is a multi-part message in MIME format. --------------090907020205080907040603 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=windows-1252; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Dear Ed and friends, LF Group, Started watching for your signals on Sunday afternoon - I could see some signals on 137.7kHz straight away, but first readable ones were at about 1550z, "O" copy in QRSS3. All signals from RU6LWZ expedition from then on were "O" copy, apart from occasional QSB lasting 10 minutes or so. The screen shot in the attachment was from about 1700z.The signal level increased as it got dark here. During the session starting around 2200z, the RU6 signal level had greatly increased to a clearly audible S5 and would have been good copy in normal CW. I called several times in QRSS3 and also QRSS5, and could also hear and see signals from all the other Eu stations who have been reported. My QTH is north of London in locator IO91VR, about 2800km distance. RX was RA1792, with two 2m square loop antennas in a noise-cancelling arrangement. Receiving software was DL4YHF's Spectrum Lab. TX power 1200W, up to about 1W ERP. Thanks for this weekend's activity, and hope you can solve the RX problems for the next expedition - clearly no problem with the TX signal, it would certainly be worth the VE/W stations looking out for you next time! Cheers, Jim Moritz 73 de M0BMU --------------090907020205080907040603 Content-Type: image/jpeg; name="ru6lwz.jpg" Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Disposition: inline; filename="ru6lwz.jpg" /9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wBDAAgGBgcGBQgHBwcJCQgKDBQNDAsLDBkSEw8UHRof Hh0aHBwgJC4nICIsIxwcKDcpLDAxNDQ0Hyc5PTgyPC4zNDL/2wBDAQkJCQwLDBgNDRgyIRwh MjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjL/wAAR CAAlAx4DASIAAhEBAxEB/8QAHAAAAQUBAQEAAAAAAAAAAAAABQADBAYIBwIB/8QARBAAAQMD AwIEBAQCBwYFBQAAAQIDBAAFERIhMQYTFCJBUQcyYXEVI4GRQqEWM1JiscHwJHKCkqKyCFPC 0fEXNDVD4f/EABoBAAMBAQEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAIDBAEFAAb/xAA6EQABAwIEAgkCBQIGAwAA AAABAgMRACEEEjFBUWETInGBkaGxwfAy0QUUI+HxQsIVM1JicrKC0vL/2gAMAwEAAhEDEQA/ AOP3yxSLFIaC90LAUheR5ts+5x+tWj4kybk4uwQLg2GVotja1t5SSXMqBOU++kbcVSoUbxtz YjLXo7qw2peMhOTgGinVsuTJ6hdQ5J8SmIlMZLoaCAQjY7D+9n96pUOu2o6DUb7THCRrVC4K VrAgEwKBd1ztaNWw9qJmQ4rp8MNxwlsOBTjhVkqUc4542Hp7V4/A5/4Mm7KjkQistl3Wnn2x nNOShPhWuNFkoKI748SxxuDkaiR9jt9aoZeStUrVaDv5XmlAZJkWqVdNNtvE6bZk6LTKffbh u5zlkLIHzZUPLjneochlh2Az4cALS2XJCsnck7DH02496M3fqRHhr1Y4A7tiVOccgAD+rTrJ SckajlOOT6UOsRhyXlx5TeCpK1eI3PbASVHyg78GnYR+EFLpkX8PK5G07a0aUoWoISrXjsa9 SpCFdIRWO+HHfEKIRpwUjHqf1/nRSRb2YXwyEp5sl+bcAGM7FCAk5Oc7g7eg5qvyER4br7DS /EKKU9twAjBOCTp+2RX22mKZDqZezGO4G9/OocJyNx6igebSYQF5VEyR3H34+dF0ii4EmNIo vcxblrgxenUJ8SGNEk5V+YtIBJ/M4yQdhiq46Dhw4IOcFPt/o1LiOPx5rkuKO32gpQVsdKSd J555xUie42FzVQGwYa9DYVngnBwM78g1W03+kW1G1/G97fxQuw6C5EHgPnK9RrdNbjKdeeGX m2ssEnGlYIwcevvg7U3FAktPqdWEhttSiT6n0H70TtcyJbOqYkx4aoiVoWpAUQAkj5cjJ2G3 vTnT1lj3vqZcR94RIwC31jBWNKfNp5HptUpdXhy4pwEpAg+fzyr0ZkpE8ar7C2w80p5OtpCh rTxkVMQ0bguSY7WlKAXNOrJSjPG/PI+u1TLyuyt3WU1a2Q5DOUMuFak532VhW/HpmmbApDN+ irdY7rSlhK28kZSdjxxsaNlZDYWm86iDIn4O+gCEh0IUbcahquLhS42tIKFthGnGNhjH+Aqb 03cmbXcFTHWQ84hB7SCSAVnA/wACagPKbW8p1LOlKiSG8k6R6DP7UyGlhGsZCScA44PPNKxC 0vEJUrOLjnHzThQtulCgtJuKNXKBMk289QSEBDEl8tNY0nOAQRsRwAB9aJC+x+nurZk7p9sN wGn3UMHUVa2lFWg+cEjy453296HXu9XCZbYNtcklcBhPcYR20gJySDuNzvqG59KfvC4kuffH 7WrVbm5Y7Gx8zAKko3Vv8ujnffetaZTmUy6ob6bi+vlMc6YXDmzo1oIqbL8O6hTo0PEFflG+ +efT9KnIhQm45dffz3UI7atJ8uT5jt7EEVGfQx+FQ9Ay8pbmsZOTuNP+Jp5uc6xZpUJTepLi gEq9UEHKhn64FMEpWVFMmN7+4rUKRMOGYFvCvr0SVbprsBpzV3VBsjAIXxjG/wBqdvFhm9Oy mYVwQW5i2wtbOx0Ak43BI3qwxrm3eL105+HN9t2Cw0X3CrVqWnGonP8AuiqzMdkM3RcpICHM h4A4OkK8wHtwRtj0pSFFxchISBtMm/C9tDxpjqGwOqZB05ca9ofcsaJ0OQxpmKQGgonOgE5U PbcVY+hJrsyeu2IcDEYoU84oICi2hKTqOdickpOx9KqUzvupTIfcC1v5cJ2GdyPSvETvsLdf bB8jStR22SryHn/eA/WseZzJLJSAOO88dda81ilMupUk2GmmlFIN2hRXWPExRKQzHda06y3k r1YPHpqP+hQ63NAzG3HziPqBcV7p9Rjn6UzDZbefDb74ZQc5XpJx6+lFpsVUpdsiW/C1ORed k6la1FQyT7im5wkB50EcIJ1HHhSxmcuNqEpkLblh5lWjtnUj107/AF5otCg2/sT3ZkgqCYZd Yy2oanCQMc+iiRXy1QEmyXKesjwzam2dZ38ylg8DfgGmpE+HIg+HQx21tO5ZGsnyHlP13wd6 NsZ2yvMCqfDlzH8VqEhH1G0SB8+aVBSqRHeEjPbUjS4g6cjPIFFUXGI505dWZYBuC5rDkdO+ ydLndO23/l8/pTUiWlVumMPOdwDQYqtGng4/7fen4CrMzZ7k5Jwu562BC+cbaVh3YeXY6Ofb 71rybgEnUE+fZQZcphKtaFuSfI52mg2ogNrHOePf6ipUS2GMliZcWj4Ba+3qKjvtzgHO3NQh HkmI5IABZKghR1DOeeOanzboFx2GELDyExktOYTjOFFQ9PTYZ5NEt1L6w4qO+w32Gs2msQQg /qd1RLo4h95LzTHZbUlKUt6tWAkY5qIpS28spVkKII25q4tW+V1UhF8W0XGoeluS3kAhptBU tfodgDsMmq5KgqcacuTccswVPlts6s4PITvvsPWpi62ZU2RmECx2j3onWiDOxv3ceyvslMuL DYiu5SXj304wdQOwP8jRPpWNHu3U6Gru8UIDChkA8hGEfL9cftUvq2ELP1HbBalB2OYrEmEr Tyg7gkKzyoE4J9famLjF/FLXJv0uTpnPvICEaM9zynUcg4TuB6UMrxLfSMzysZB79xuaahIk wZAi20fNKGwha4jDj0oCQ7nQmN5k/wDFqB/lU7p6/R7W+8BE/NeSptt8OH8lKhgYT/EU8jjO KrwaKtOM+bO2KsNsbtr/AEbdGXFgXMPNONABR8ifKeDg5KxWuZiejy9UxYc4/ahZcIIUmLT8 +d1R47L0xabIcIX3lLcXpCiTp+noMH19ajJS5dIwbTp1wWCEjYak6yc/9X8qndOKlRkXCVFR 3HW2VNnKgNKVBWVYPOMcDfegcZDzsgNspJcUcfvTOkKnAlSbfPStVGRKhqZ8NqO2rqe8dL3P MdztrbQlp1BbQdQCtWnJBx9xvQRbnjJ4W8oILqsuL9snepd4UmRcnnm0gNEhIIVnIG2f8/em HWjNdcXGYKAhIKk686QOTv8ArXlsFTioSZkHS5F94m1KdUUnLMip/USo46luce1DEBElxqKg EnLaVYSMnc7U0bYhVutbjH9fJcdQrfG6SnHP3oleGofi51wsbaWokWWtUdwqKi4yp1SW1YXv sABg7nk1BDcm6WtBYOUwULW6nbypznVnO59Nvb60YLal/qLJI2NpTAtOx7KJKDBAvIkcr/zX 1x5wPxby633cLHdJwNa0qzjH2xVj6stUC3wYd9i4Sb1peZihKh4UAJJ8xPmyo449Kpzjz67e nH/26HsnYfORz+yaKsPrvXUsNN8Vr1tobzgDy6PJ8uPcVI/+k+l1tVk6jYzp8+9NbPS9SLmP PWoUmPMjqXJktArkFZKiRznB2z7k0z3HbglPjH9Ijsdto9vlIJwnbHud6sFz6llRrZb/AMOl hJ8L4R4BA/8A1rKgdx6hY3+lRbe6xeGnBdpeBFTraQWTl35iU5TjTkAc54qhLiVHK4nKEzbh 4e0jurFNozZEmT5eNCZM59TDDKlDstpIbSAPXnevUZtN2uESGpYYQdLPcA1+vO2PU0orLcqB cMs63W0JcbVqI0jUAdvXORUhdtetlrtV1KtKZndcZUN8Ftenfn1x+1a66HVBCSAk6d1JSgiF LMjXzim5E5bEeZbmVBcVbupPkxwdjvv/ADplSpdndcirT23krStWQDuBkDf78VOXClTr66wy jU+2S65nGdYA1D/mBpnqN4v9STXXVB4lfmITp82MEAfQ5/ahdeSHZSoTp+/ZTFIV0ZWZsYHZ eiVtv10g2y4COP8AYFhCn04T/WZGTkjPvsPehVzugudwdndrslYAVjCs7Y+mNqZiTQtxqI+Q IReStaMD7Hfnj60zKSy24UMnW0kkJVgjVvzg70aHAlalpItvudBPw8qFbqiyETbWOB5UZYiM yem3nHGwu4CWwxHIXjLRbd1jA257O53/AJ01dZs7qGTGLqAXG2morSdSflSMAfqd8n3pmGYz tplNjJujkyMI41EZb0u6x7c9nnf+dFP6XTodxuEstlNydcRh3IPbKBg+XGlWR9K1x5lQMJk3 1gbADbSNd6BsIIBWY7KARoal3RMF5QZX3C2onfCuKnvPybDIlxdWrusllKsDdBO/v7V7tNmm Xu9MNH+tl5c1jHGojJ3GPNiiMaypQ3Yn4KPFTnnXu6wSW8FpRJGo+XdOD+lSpWhtC21mLzy0 J030PfTkIITKBF9ZvFtu+q65cnlwkwyfyU/KkjGD678ncnmifUFpkwpzcZ9sIdMVpwgEHbtg +lFuvek27RIRdoToVbLk4XYp04ASpKV43OcjVj9KadQ9db7EU86XFyIaW1r0/KQxgbD+7pP6 1uExvSjObtwbaaHy3FaGFLBB1OWgz7SmOnWfyAWnX1LbfB50jGMcjffep/T8VHUcy3WKRMER hIcPc7WvCsFROBg7hIHPpQJuS4YSoinPytWrTpGc++eatXSPSTtyaE6e0RbngGI69XzvqWEo RhJyMkkZIxQ4p9CEB1VpBAMfTqLa0LSekWEp4Xmo9wiLvMiS3YUa7damFLUsEJ8oGVLwvCuf Q5NRUXW6Xe2RbGhPcWcIaxpSCgHIT99W+eadcFw6TkqS/H7MogpeT3Eqy2sYKdsgbA+Yb+b7 V5kWgRrW3fLRN8Q1GcSHFdrSGVnjn5t/pQu9CGgc4JP0m9+3bbaKeFOFRULbqGwHLuoIIS2Z q4skFlaMhWRqIVjivcZCystOLCEJyrOPUDYVY3pkDqe43W4yGA3I8Ap0DUTl1OnJ2AG++2MU Pn2KYi3Wac6ci5BSGBgDIbITyD9RyBVOFfbaKQtPWnj5acqkcZi6TINMm6JVcmJLo7jMYhLb PACck4253NPPRrXL6qniEoCyoluONrOo4Y1kJznz8ED33qFGDDciRHltecIdTqKj5FBJxwN9 xRl+9R48+72myr7NqmzVFDhBV/s4VlA8wKhhODnnbfNFiHQ+oFMQTfXcjjvHpRtnrArMjXvj TsquhlJfcaccCNGognfOPSjFnn+GgyIzai0662tSnMaitIScJGeNyrcb0zdLLIt9zmWiRFxN jqU4Vlwf1YRr9CR8vm5+nNK6RZDtvhSlM9uP2W2UrKgdZAz+lElaFKKmr2tWNlSFFQ21qJaJ zceayZKStgr/ADB6kYI554Jppic9HbejNH8t7AWnSCSAc88jj0oq9bEG42pi2x/zpLLYCM51 OqJT/FgDffOcVEt7rFqmTFSme4ttlxptBONLp8ufXOnc/XFKzyhGZW/eBa48PKsyKSsoNufb rRBHeu1ifgw427MvvpGoEgLQQefTyChNoXETPT+Io1xyDrGSPT6fWnWZQksyXnpOJBQEIQGs 6xjTjI+n0qLDgPzGJTrDYUmK13njqSMIyE53Iz5lJGBvvRYgJ6QraV9Uk/OdF0p6hiY8PCnZ DS34q5TLWmL3dOAc6TUy53eYuM0wHcxHWUYSUgny7c8/MCKlptc+J0miaSEwrgD2/KD3FNqU FJ9dOAM+mc0NiR2lzHYspIUQwvtknASQCoYwf9Zo85xKMwIn6bcROvnWglJCUG6tftT03qBU zpa22ZTQAhOuuId1DzBRzjGM80Dd1ZyRUhtpCpCW3nA2AoArznT9duf0qxXmwROn/wAWtsp3 vTYymA2rGk5UApQwFH0OP0qAJS2ktwQTJ52InwKqUApw3Ox8qr8JLLkuOmQnDOsFw7/Lnfj6 VZ50S1Wa73iHMX3UMtIcgjzJClKdZV6H/wAnXsf8QKDRYC2oiLm6CYuFoB9Nek6Rznkc8Vde p+mrXA6be6hmSy5KusVhyCz21AIWVNqV5grB8mrlI59wKMuFkpk3PtEe88KOAGoIvI8ImuZq wXVadhnapPfSqM4HE5VoAbJ2wc8/tTkeCiRLiMIcyqQpIIwfISrFFOqbOqz3dNpc/rYzSQ6r 3yM+mQMAgcnintHItTZPXM246ekzSsisubagqFteCd1Kw6FJ087g5z/6aUdpyTICW0aidyPf /QojLgRmOnYEhK9Up9x0OD+ylOnHr/vVYUWiMxA6cdtatVzuiVhKtJGlQIQlPmOk5VkZ2FZ0 iUqQlz5E660wMCTmNhBPfQG7SGH2ISGVh3sNYW7jST5thj6DH71PndMeD6vVZJKwyWkILhxn Cy2FEc+5xT/T94hdN3Z1+fbO9cIzii2PEFA1fKRsCCOTuPSvsNlV6XL6klSyt9E9lClFATrC irJ2IAwAPSscP6hdIBbI1O52gXMDnxpqFBx1IUNx5a07Zrfbr11G1au2I0Dw5W8sKKu2Agry dwTvQC0Wmfd5zkazNd5xWU4JSnKf+I1cpvSXTiEXXwt6zNgMuqebER09vS5p+bODv5NvfVxV KjxLjFchzGE9px5ZTHUdJCiPm545HPvS/wAypyVMrkAQkEEERO5g15wBTgSoWm8cLU1IguxD IbdyC26W8YB1KBxTsWH4mzTpqntKo5bSlGnZeo45+n2qZeOn58K6T4s3SJ0fS4+3qR5dSNaj kHG2Rx70IVHLVualJXkOOKQU+vlCTn/q/lTnOkgAWtfnfX+KVCQrNFr/AGr2gqahSPzMKOls tkfw5yT+4H70UivItr8VTjaUL7ISHv7BVuF44JAUB+le4cGPdW3Lg88WM6lLQGyrUEhOtWx2 3PFDrrK8U4kId1MM5QyNPyoHH3296sGRKVpQM0Ab98idbftRAKaSlwns8d6MdSw4lmv13iW/ SqGtau1z+S2XAUjfJO2kZznegbMwotjsQpC2idSRjdK885542xxVx6pjxYESaxYIwTbl4kOv 61HLK3FdgYXuAElHH61VrTbVvuuOKRhpLePmHzqT5Bz6mpMM90iglIsNSNfh4Ubras6QnceF fHcRbMwhQ0vOud7JGcp4Sf8AuqXGuF2NglWprzsYS8sAJ8iASecZwSoHn0qz9Q3iZcLDb7QI Ja7UdmIiMHQdLgOnXwD59Pyn5cfU5DyZE21u3e1wSClEZMaYvA8uhSUr5/vbbGsDnSgpdgLF 0jsOvb850ami2QrQRBqvyLktyMiMy322BpKk5zqXjGrPP6cU8po3aRPko8qgkv8Ab52zuM7c Z/lXiTaFQpcIPkpYltIfbc2VlBOkqwnOMKChg77VKm3dlyB4ONDEdCXe4cua/wBNx9aIOqUC s3vHh4UhKQZ6QwBUeNPFtmRpLI87WzgJ+b67/f8AlQ9xwPPKcVgFRzvRmXCus2zpv0tOYqnA w24NI1EZzsPb7etQro3ESI3hjnLKQ7gEYWOef8qx6XMzidLWHK1CQcuUK6oNprS9ke6K6Zef a/pJF77jjZdD85nyq0AAp34AAozabh0lZFpbZ6igKU+46tPcmtZVrcUs434ByAayVcZZn3GR J1q0rUVJ1HJxnAH7V0693jp1i2WKQu1SWZUEMKaJjISmQgJ1HJzunO38646mAIUZJ5RRhkOu qOa0zNWn44paT0lb/BlTyBOLzmndKApBPmIGw3GM5zRvo29WxXRsSZerjChaHe20C8lryKxo J1E+YgE7fX2rjsbrdE28XlV2clO2+bFdbbYyFBpZSAlSUqVgEY2NS+ilw790ze7BLWlL62O+ w8+R22yj5fMc4OpXoPl1UCmyjDnpxb2tPfXlNNrQpCTOhGmoruMK69JfjKI0bqCC84pxQQEz GlEqWSrA3ydyQP2oaJnSVi6Vuthg3+IXFd9sKky2tnTlWFYxga1YxzXDuq+nldOXNq8WmbGE CXJdctyo0hRcQ2F5ScnfYEDOaUGbEZ/HpUxlmY68ylWFoC/zlnOrf6k7805nCIWguM3Ek6Dw 9aBnDLCiFKgkz87KP/Cy3xLT1/LPUM9iAiIypKVyHQ0HF6kjA1gZGM+3pUj4s+Ck9RQLzZ3P Fxo0VAXKSUuMLWHT5QtOQVebKt/UVXrn07PcsK5Mq4MSLj3ElMZt8qeUg51laSMnBCN845oV DjTVNQWbnKkx7Q+4VBpbpQkpAypSAfLvgDOPmH0qzo2sQ8l5s5inXvuY76cWC25cGtOHqXo1 bTDh6otILbSkaUz2RgLxn1+lR3b50ZF/21PU1ueDUlD2Ezmidfa7QHO/lyr75PpWW79DhRb2 +3bnS5DyktLWQTpI/ixtn7VGyExXnFuDIcSC36nnf/H96Vh/w1oDMkhIiZPZapXJCjGun3qz fERdrk/EG4uW6YZMRxWsPpcQ4FLIz5SNtIJx9hVZgx1zpgbTlKMedw58qfc1bOnun7XIsT15 vcktxSFsRGo7qQ4p3B/hUCCPt70BgwlfhNxlomNthKUthCl4Uskg8euwNWJcSs9HMxEn/Van IYUClZHOtH9GyulnejINniXpGt2F52FS2g82CN9SQdjv/Kuc/BKLaIku73y4T2YyorJZLbry EAJXg6sK4+UjOa5hZfxTx4VbpL8Z04C3mXFI0g+5TwK9fnQo8hLNxAadc7LrTL5HdA3yR6p+ 9RM/h5WlYbVAJAnf570KpyyU71qY3noh2EqL/Sy1BDiku/8A5BnOdtufoKqPxa6h6fl/DpUW 13u3THhIb1IYltuuaSck4ST61wiTZxGtjNzVjwslSksDV5jp99vTbOKhtDEd9ZZcWhI+cJzp zxk01nAIS4FqVHPsP3pQbLf0p5+NaS+H8+yW/wCHVlaut4t8OQ80taELlIbUpJUQPmxk8cep NZ96ofYmdX3mVB1rivTHXGlKCgSkrJBIIzuD67ivKGpz7MfU862WhlkuKIDY3IwTxk7jHNSr 1JjOdaTXre0HIq5iyw2Uqy4jWQEkHfJHOec1SPw8NrzrOvzzosokqGpqRaX5Ei82iY7GW7Hi KbeLbCCpS221jIA9ScfatMI6g6NbQ8g9UWr857vKC5zOygANt9hgDasrTH50e6PeEXIjqbTq CUEpLSSc6dvlG/FF7ZNgi8x21xYa47DeiQ5IbCtWfnWDwT/ZJpeNw4xSi4sTAjtjh4VQGws5 Sq9aPavvSa2+6OoYKkuKWgrE1o7kAnfPsK5BcmI16+Ok62uKcZQ/NZd7pUEgNts6lb4PI498 iudQ4rzMVp96UtmApSlaC5pLoGyigcE4yPvRy2Wu49RLu3UEG7txJMdRWpx+SpDgbwfYZ9AM 5x6VGMIjBBTwtaONrAfOdC22QkBv6uHv6Voybfuj5cN6A71Rbm1LR4dSU3BlLgwfTJ5qHdr3 0ndem7lAj9S2tTsuCphA8e0VDyqAPPOTWYClVnvy1yC3KUkBwOg9xKyU5Scn0zip8S0O23qG 1l9aEmXH8U2GScoSQogK223H12NCnAM5UqEA7WrzbJU6E7zFdY+D136dt1ouglXEQludrvOS 5DbaAopUnSgkjfyKP2xQ/qKXC6g/8QNkVCls9lnsZf7oKV6QXcpVnfKVAD3Ncok3hTluMBDD KW3AkuEIwSpJISeecbfqfepcxiTbn0LLy2ZsFlopebJSSnOxB5JGpIBGBhNXqw2Z5ZCpkkj9 60pk502iJrs3xeVYrr0HNk227x5j0SW084liQheD/V4UE5/tZ/Ss/NNyIoRK7Kw3qyFqSQkk ex9aIWi6vtNXC3qKXPxIIbUXST5grY/40d6Tt7/Usa7WRsJ7aGTIYU4DqS4kgJQOQNQJ2+nN SIScMkuk6G3KhbaQYSkxb70BmTvxWDAhssrL7IUlQSnOoHjHvTLKoQ6fllwA3FMuOWM52a0u 9zbjc9n/AFmp7HT8xhKJzCk4ajiSspUrLafqQNifSvCrc2x0g9NlR3USX5jSYq1JcAW0lDhd IONBGos+udjVa1BZzFUk8Own1rXkOWK0x+1hWo7beemLdHcfN/gK0IZYd7kxrCCn152+ffPt T7XVPRzbiHB1XZyUNlACrk1ggkHJ352FZauN0auFrKo6XkPEhUhIGELJxnjnBxz7156LgJm9 QNqdbZdajoW+4h0bKSlOeCDmoV4MMtDKZAEitcw6XHwhKpmuqq6mRH+N8KK8G0W2K+UsvKOn Vlgo1FROMZJOR7Cvfxyv1juditKLVdYU51EtS1JiyUOaRp/i0k1Rp0j8WQxf7q6Ykqcl0R0x F6ENBtIQMhWSkEg8GqESQhSgrBJ3GaYxhEoQhWkctxrHYa16UhPZ5RWren+relk9DW5hy/W9 pz8OCFMOzWg6nyY0katj9KynpddUothRKRnYeg5NSo0dySy/JSUANBKlavmIzjIqwSbELBMn hU2OU+Gw2nX5sqAJSdudJJ/anBpKVGTqYHsfOgZZWoTon5eo/RhWnqS1uRGVvSWpGpadOUhG 2Tgb7bmu1/GK5dO9QdBL8DfYMt+A+2/2o0xtxagTowcZ/tA/pXAbHepNguonwwO+lDiADkYC 0FPof738qhxW3HHNAd7aFqShatWMjOd6wILzwITpGm8Ez5UokRA+TT0Welm4suqH5aXEFQ+1 WO2xbWx01Cu4lKE9V0THeZU4nCWtOruBOMgemScfSqvOjtRpzrDSwtCFlIX7781PftdzYiFc mO/HaKe4kOIUkOAKA1DI3OVD/mFWh51xapVlUDMc+FG2VIIi4FSYcxiDGgtOhZPjhIJ/uDA/ yNaY6zu1mX091I2m5RnLim2PN+GQ8krHkKgdOc7agTWVLhcDMTFb7aEeHaDQUkfNuTv+pNW/ pe+Jl3S7i5vMGVcLWuM3Lkq2SvthIKlHfcAgnNQ4porcW8gQU8N/l68vK4Ajhp87a6v8Lbh0 xabRdZaLtEhQXL3I8EH5IbCmQlASDrwo4SQdzncVdj1B0vKuKJaeo7Y4+2yptTbc1o4SVJyo 7+mKzJ1Iw6xd5sa1xpabDFlOpjpUlfbTqJIUc+uCNzvgJpzpKNOk2q9iHF7kp5LMbWW1EoC1 HJGBnfA/elOtpDQe3m/kPemIZPShBMWjtNdS+Nlxt986StqLXMZuTTUxK33IbqXdKQhQySkk Dn1q29L3e3N9A2mzSrpAauabe20YZkJDurQClJSSVatIHp9qz/Ot936TtQjOSI7rEopU6yha iUqBJCVjYe/715TJTNmXG4yZy4tzjEKQUPdsFSQUp0k75GMDelnChacwPVPvHpead0IASgmF CKr8uJ4VbbJdbcU4gKUlKsltWflV7EVcbJ0pHY6rjx7q+q1sJc0lyYoNZWnzBQ1gDSf3qkux 5QYTLcS6Ask9wg4JzgnP3o1eOoZ9x1uSwlZeDW2VHRpThJGTyRya6YacdGQCERJO97W86Sgo bzFUydK7X8Zbta5fQ6oltnsTHn5wQW47yXCntp84wD/DhGf94UR+El/tFt+HNpgzrjFizGy7 +TIeQhZCnlkEJJB0nIA23NcNsnUE1pTT34eLnh5x1/vtF7ClgBRG/qACc84ojcbLJTAbuUeT ERKDBEyD3CFMc6QlGPLgDO5+Y1C5h0NFDSzrJ7T7U1vDhxsFJJj0q1dNRWbP8cbgLtJbbRMb lSGltuYb0uFStyoDI0ajt7V2GR1R0hNZTH/pPZ1qUU40TmionV6b71mG7RJqbfa+oGrsVOPo LOoSSXWikYKf7oI+vrVWZfUwvUn5wQUn1SR7UDWDBus9W4ns2qbEJSYT3d1bRPWPSzyewnqa 0al+QBM9rUT9N+ax/wBRhhN+uAiudxjxj/ac28ydWxBGxz9K8zu8Lg3K1Ib7x7qFMkgA/wCR qUuzy5qVSmmQ4ouFPhGEK1tKJ40Y2GRj33qw4QMZiTqY7pF/OvBClylI0phhFu/o+8lKVm8m Yz2hk4LJS5qwBsfN2ud+Meta6m9V9Kl5LcnqS0MvsLyULnNJUlQ5BBVnNZXhwExrbcpLsdxF zgSIryEqQ4nQ1hYcBGMDzln5seuOTVcckPSJC5Uha33VqKnFuHUpRPJJO5NKeYzGJsLdwi/e L0CkwkBVq2anqrpdiS4F9R2kPOKGpKprYI2AwBqyOB+9Z/6XukeP8cGXFqSIjd1mqS56YWFg EkbY/SmbN0mm5xbDeJl1t8VayXXkS5OhxTSXT5gkpOTgEZzjdNVq/T463HXIAcQpqY8lmQAE lxskkFRHKt6Qz+XVnbZJKuw8f2qnoQJUVEDTnFdW+Nd9sdxt9mXb7pGmqRLWs+FfQ6QNGOUk 43x+9W/p/qvpa2/D+Eyb3FDjdvRqjOymu/kNjPlzzjesyQ4Rlw3FrXp0gpaB9VY1EfsMfqmp UW3TZkFUwxn3ktqDCVISo5WrOATjfYHYb7irEYFHRpSs5UmTPM2N9p2qcyQITXRPgNLt9ru9 2uFzuESDHQ0htK5D6Wk61EnSNRHok/tRbr6/xJXxNtraJcR+GtMVaXmHArP5wzlWcbYJ2rmb dhnJ6cu6RpDkR1h1+MdQcAKVYJTp2xq9T609arR+OotzEGS+butYB7znkbRhQBGPMMEZ/UVM lttDilTOXbUTFVNtLIKE/wBQIPjfvrtPxTd6eufQ16LN4jOvd5uSlpuSgnuDS3gD28p+uc1n Jm4LZhSYulK0vlGVEbjHGKm3C6PEyoYLamlSFL7iDnVueD/ZySf1oojo5x65vRkSowbiMtvP qLuNinUQNtyPMfbAzWlKUA3n5FblUogNHS3zlaul/B7qHpiywUQnZ3hnpbS1vrlPNpbQoHBS M4052xnNN/HCfFu1w6afhTYr8FwPtpkNOBaOUBWSknONq5NOjRrZd5TCHUPR16u2UKCyByk5 AAzx9q+SFXBNjgLfdcdhjX2W1qUpCPMM4B2GcU1nBNoUlxKoMk98fPCpXELJIH9P8VrmT1D0 7DLDNw6gtkZ+OpJKXJjaDq08EFWeFA/ZQryesukVPpd/pTZNaUlIAuDXrj+99BWQJs2ddFty JjzryiAgvOrKyojG5KsnONI+wAqfPtzD3VVzNsiPKtMeQ6tHbSrysBZ05KgSPLjmlJwhCQVG 0xO3bQBuTA1rose6W2V/4lBcWZzC4TjmQ8h1PbUfDYwFZ0nzbc1bPjNcrbe+g2U265QHM3FD bml9KsYCwflJ3yAfsDXDoynre+nqWC034dud22kOJOy8awCB6Y22NK73B6fbUSdRbadeWOyn IRkYVnHv5yM0bWFJUIOgvfXWmttpQCVHTzrT/SFx6dgWG025u9wVSVwGG0tKlN61BKeQnn1N ZKkxXozpK05TqOFp+VWDjIPqNv51aLR1ExBnRXpcdaRDaIYdjN/mE6SE6iT8u5O1C5JcVaIb LY7qHgopKs5SdWCn6fKD/wAVMw+F6NS0ObR3k5tOWnjpTXW0qGZBmf2p/ohxKOv7IpbTriFz GwoI8yjk4yPtzWgfij1Rb5fwzvKrLc7fOWntNulh9LpQFLA/gOxyKzYoT40pyWhtyM7HKMqa BQW9sA+4oq1do6IDsCOy8UzoyEOoCd1upWVJO3IB996x1gOkuptEeE/IpQaV9KjB5713n4b3 bp62/DKzNT7vEgKdUt5IlyW2ypaXiVYyRtkAfargOrulVsJA6ltBDeCSmc0cAHAJ83GcVkm4 XBUxKWZqCyYqO2y00jQlJKtRyDnHJ4on09+EtWm7iQ6lLq3GOylxSN0hepQPvt7UtzCKIzqP 1HY3gnX7mvJaSp7KDHyfWugfHmUxdpFnlwbhb5UFKFNJEZ7uOdw+ZROMjSEls+/m+ors/wDS vptT7bZvttS9nUGjLb1Hy+2c8b1mi59SWq4d6QqA02oBtTENtpIZS4W1BR0k7JwEcb+VPsKq nj56p7l00rU6FalLBOE5+vP0rVYdecJWCALTrz286NTTQAOaZvbYbzWw2+sel3nQhrqG0uLX /Cia2Tjn+1WdeumbK51p1RJBceT2G3GHclSS8tbSiUqRlOgtdzGo/wCVUeVdkm7GfFaQxlGk NoGkJ8mNsVY51xiybfdVvuRi5NhsFlLKlZQ6hbI0kcJGjubHI22o8O2G1FYuR37j21rAhspP Wtw48PPyqsWuS9bJTNzbaCg05sVglOrH+Nao6OvFj6b6HsVvul4gwZXg23SxNkoacBWNW4UQ cZOOPSsxW233K8MuW2EypZYCpCm0JUVHAA4A5p3qu9uX6fGlyELS+3HRHcQQQEqTnYAnOKS8 lSlJA01PlQkHJwrV5606WUAEdR2h06hsia0ojfn5uB61yT4iqhXP419KyUTo4huR4rpe7qdB QH3DkKzg5A2+9crhJh3m8OMMKTDfkrS0wsqDbaARg6tvb2q1R7fIn3OHDkSIHirPGcjsuFZ0 uJAKmvMdyc6jsBsNsV5xgMgqJkQSb7fNqa1hS6qxkH5HvWi0dadKqUG09S2cuKOyUz2yT/1V 8e6w6WQ923epLOh1tZCkKmtpIV7EFVZfndMxLV0y9cvxVh64IcZShuNJC8BYzlScZGx239FU NU9FuPT89cvQm4NrQ42vYF0KJC8k5JxlJ/ehQ226MzRJ4+0eNAWsshRgxNdZ+G94iX/44dR3 bYJcYd7BJTjQlaEZO53ICd+OaNfFe6Wy6xbHEZkJdS/PBEphaC02sYGFrzgfODj2Ga4ZYYt1 hKjXCJJlQmZTvgy7HcW2tQJGUgjn7UT676icm3x23xlsNwYLxDBiEpS4RgdxRzhSsDGQAaFD JSsCLHgY2iiSOjAcVatGdVXK03DpG82k3q3eMctrhKEyUZT+XqzjOQN0nPsQayZ2fIwyt1vQ rz7K3SeN/T61fY9uTIskKU/OLsuVEXHWuO9lSUalY7xxkZSnt75GkAcVVrVZXHrFJ6gWpnw8 KS0323d+5nlITjCjuPUU3CutsrUhYkggXnbXuPdWrwhCEqSfqnujjShXCI3ZpUKWlzK2dDCm wNlBWrzE74OfShdsU0XlhaXCQ2sthGD5tPr9KMdTSI95u0mXDhxYbDbTRS202EAAoSMkD1ya kf0fatohui6QXQ62Uu9l4LKSSQrgDGEkHeun0h6RDik5e2+g05aViUOOkI1At3e9abgXTpWB FtQiXWHHZZgDwjLkgJIjqCSlRSsheMIG5+uamOdWdLtttrd6htCELB0FU1sBX1B1b1mzrBci BKReIjsVy0uKcgW5tC1qCorflTnUdwArG/rmggkwLozbzIU6nstuNrbSRpAQnVlOeCeK5jGG SsgJVdWvy2kVvRpiAq9de60ft9x+KvTJjPCZClxUtOORFJWAgvEBQOcYCuTjGM1Y/iheLLdP hzfIkO5RpT6UJUWY0hK1pKXWyokAnYEjP3rO4uE+La2pjE9bLzCywytl1SV6MZUAQcgDKduD qNR3JsiIxPZkOPeKe0AlajkpPmOfv5c++Ke7hcjsqN0gQT40GfMkZjb59q0V8J7varN8Mbeq 53SFCQ485pEp9LZHmO3mxucFX2OauKus+k1FJPVFmGk5wLg1v/1Vjl6XOXEQhbzyouQUoKjo CgnHHGcbUet3SU2ZbW5Db0YzHU62IKlK7rjelRJCAnJ4GMHfBqdTbYWelVEkm3ClhorjJeun fHq8Wm42qxSLfLbmKUuQhDsV1DjIHk1ZIz5vlxjjzZriz85Mi3x47qThknSUc785qXAg3G7A W1HfcCFfltK1KS2s5z5cbE4A+poWuItCFFSkpUlZQUFXmFVs9I230aLgz5HesUlYAMWNeUpA 1L9UnYU7NuMucpvxD7jiWkaG0qWSEJHokHgfalSqnFJCW0wOffelJUbinp8VEcJUgk6kpJz9 U5pqFKkRnV+GfdZURupCyM7/AE+9KlR4ptCXAQOHoaY51HDltRzreQtq/TbO2pSYVqnSY8VB WpWhAdIAySTsAP2oLG1PIIKlJOwyDz96VKt/DEJOKyRYgW/8QfWlqWpd1H5FfVXWeHkyBLfD qU6QoOHOk/w59tztTsu8yrimMw+rKG1YQMkhCSc6QDwM744pUq5wWoOAj5enIdWpBBOtFHrV Hk9YvQjltlWV4bAGDpzsMYqvlOp4oP2yfp/8UqVXtpBZzHWadjEhKjHE0TE19mxW3LinGm5T pSytRKBs36fWrHJgsS7FfJKWWmFQpbSUpZbCQoKCxv8At/OlSoUNoSEQN0eZE+NEhaiDfb2o AHV26ygMKI8aglw5IxoUeMe/1oIc9tKgd/8A4/8AelSpONSELUE2qZxaiEAmnVzJL0ZmM4+6 tlnX20KWSEZ5wPTNHVHwfR4ShCFeNcIcUpO47ZOMH6/XNKlQMJBXl2/mmMEyv/j7imrW6uTE uCH1uLCYgWnKuNOMc59zX3qRKbR8QbqzFBCItydQ1qUpRAS6dOSSSeBuTmlSoX3F9W9a59DY qNaFOz76W3nnCXwsOK1HKtjz71AU4oZSgqSFJyoZ2OOKVKnoJDJHM+opavoSeZomt9y6wC2+ rCYMdCWQknHzD0/X0xXu7F6x3Ofb4sl9LDjSW3AlZTrSQk4OORnG30pUqoebQEpTAj/6pklT Oc629/tUjpBYcvKi+03IAirTpeTrGMY4P0qTKLzFufkGQ447CZbZYUtRJbHc/hPp7belKlTG GkZFLi4FqqbJ/KBW8n0qruAamkgAYAGcbnO9SJl1kyUIZcVlSE9suZOpSc5wT6ilSqLGAIVK bfxXNbWoIIBoc2oodSpJwQcgj3qw2yXNtEN2dAmyI7jbwQQ04UBYO+DgjI2G1KlR4FCVsOZh NvtXgSFCKldQXmQ666tpKIrby3Iymo+UI0I0kAjg8mrbcojN0+HNnefSQUS40NsJUcISUL1K AzjUopTvj0+ppUqkKEpUIGn2rqpWpa15jNC7p09Bs3SlzXHC1lx5pALmCpIBzscVRYkmRCcK 4sh1lavKVNrKTg5yNqVKudgVFWHKzrnr34skNPJ6O1vvVhsxVdrWqHIOUNdtlonfthThJKR6 ZzVWeP56zj1pUq6yj+gf+Y9DUmJ/y2jy96MQnCxY7goJSolbTeSOArUr/ECpfUj63GLe4vGp xhLiiBupRGCSfX5RSpV5N4nYU4KP5eOX9xofdmWmHWmmkaUoZQQfU6vMc+/JqAk5Lqd8AZ+u 1KlXkElzx9DUmJAGlSLWymdc4sZ3OhxxKCRzgnFXLqe+SV2FVlcajuNwFtstvrQS6Uualqyo n3Sn09BSpVLiDLSHNwbHw+5qnD2wzkfLGqEsYwPt/r+dELLpVOVqQlQQw6oBQBGQ2o8UqVPa J6So2bqTRrrG5vsdUdRWto6IiZ7jaUBSjgNrKByfYDnPFGrVdHbL8P5TkVppLry2Xy6E6Vgo cRgah6bH9zSpUnEXby7Sn2q3CKLhWpdyBIntqtRLnLu14K5jzjqXJCFFC1lQ3Vn1P6U1Nioc l3l0k5aUVj6nuhP/AKqVKuk02nO2iLdb3oJKsPnVrR1xKYHQ9nmaEvqcW+gtOjLYGvnHvRS5 2+JcOnk3Fcdpp0NsqSlpASkfkk498eXGM+tKlXAS85Oeb5iO7ObV3GEJUgtqEjLXP4Vwk293 uMOqGFAlOdlY96clXmfKkSJSpLqVyv64JcV58e++/HrSpVW91ZA20r51p1ZlBJioq5kkxW2D IdLKFFSWis6Ek8kDgU28oOq7mkJ1egpUqckdXJtE99LUTmr62VO6ULUSkcA+ldEluOdN9Wy/ BFCkuQ1uFLids6Mg7EebIzmlSoejSsKzX6v/AK1fgyQLcagwZKv/AKf3Z5aEPSJNzjxVuu5U rQWnVfyKE4znGKrDsJlE5yMnUE94tkk741YpUqs/DmkKABGpPtSXrzNfZ96mvpYaW84EMseH QlLigAgHOMZ4+n2oep5ZaS2SSkEkDPBON/5ClSpC1Hp1pGn7ipVqKiJr34tzwrccABLalLCh zkgf+wro9kX+HdJS22itQlxEvnUr+rcGrCkY4O/POwpUqmxBK4SrS3rXT/CgCpU1T3eoJzd3 lTNQJkgJeaJVocA4Chnfii/w9geKvM9Yly4zse2vPodiu9tWcBIBOOPNn9KVKjx6QhC8ton/ ALR6VK0tTjyQszc0HvUJu3tQmWt+7GTKUsgasqHy59tqK9PXGRHabuSlqedLjjbyXVFSX09p WErGfMNuD70qVV4RtLyyHBPV96b9DistvgquyHPFTJi1pSnU4FYSMAZPpTTkl5VvZQpxRbSp QDZUdI4PH/EaVKn4pKdI4/8Ac1AlapJmpr8gxDEY7ba0M6HsKHzlaUqIP09KPS3jYuvr/AiD /ZBOdi9paioFvuEAEkknA23zSpUlX1BG17VS0o/mAai9YoVZblcLLHdWYSZfdS2ThKVAeiRt wrHHpVYMpwsttE5QknAJ2FKlU7bigRB2HtW4wQ4QKtnSrzc3rdhEmHEeaU04Cy40FI8raiPK fsKr7VzfjQ3GU4VpILSiTlo+un2/SlSomSVY16dkiOX10LpKEJKbXPtRVE5649OXN54I1jsI KwPMrB2JPrxQ6cwm1y4K46lalMJeyTuCSeMfYUqVGj+pe8p9Kc6SphCjrH9yqjz5SpLxfUhC VOYJCBge1MvElKzk+QbfTf09qVKmZQZP+32moFk5/H1q2wrDEV0gi+qW8qYtLuQogo8u3GM8 fWqt4p5tC2gs6HkJ1DO21KlUOExDpaVKj9Rq/GNpQGcoiU3qIFYB2zR6wobcsXUanGkqUxBa eaUeUK8SyjI/4XFD9aVKmDqLGW0z71zytQi9eWeop1tCEQCiG8psJMmPqbdIyD8ySPYV8hQ0 3FNxdeUdbUcvA8kn60qVdRoAuqB4+xpyCVDrUT6N6di3qY+ZD0lpTACkKYWEkHBPqD7UzFnP otFwuXcUqQA1ha1EqHKOfoD+lKlXNbUUY/Etp+lKUkDhOtWoJQ0kpsYJ9R6UFlzHXGVNE+RW jIzzpTgfsCcferr1JZIbF5ktNNhCF21l8BKQAlWlPGB9P5mlSqpaz/iQRtlNvCl4MBYVmv8A DQ2NPXB6at8hDbbvaWtKW3hqQConzY9xjmgKowTAfmqWVOoeSn751Zz/AMv86VKnYXDtFlSi LhM99MxpOZI2yj0qbf5si3dQSURHnGWwlKdDaykY0jbA9M5P61BF2lvREWoOrbhl3UppCyEq USPMpOcE7UqVcvDqKjkOkip8YtQcUAeNSEw0/wBJ12/uOBkvdpRScFQB9fT0rw2ypcWUpTii Wxq39SVJBz+h/lSpV0iopWqOK/eiZaQtJzCrX1+23EtjVrjNpbhwLnNYYRkqKUd5YAySTsE/ 581T47YYdUcJWG0d7ChkKI9D7ilSpH4ckJwqlAXv6mpnbOxRS22xq62K43B1RbUwE6W0ABOc f/ypvW9qYYmvSkKWXFMxVHUdsrbOf+0fvSpUlRK3+te39qT6100tp/KTHzrUBu7YhvJhtklp CEKGrnK0BRPt64qQL3Paft0hp9bbzEcxm3ELUFISMgYOdvmPFKlVyGkLd6wm4HmK5ri1IV1T FWiIVI6Bl3tk9qd+OtDuN7bBGQPfleefSqElSnQp1xRWpaskqOT+9KlU+FaR+cXbc0zELUUJ E1//2Q== --------------090907020205080907040603-- From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 24304 invoked from network); 2 Apr 2002 07:56:59 -0000 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 2 Apr 2002 07:56:59 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 8339 invoked from network); 2 Apr 2002 07:57:08 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 2 Apr 2002 07:57:08 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16sKZb-00037U-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Tue, 02 Apr 2002 10:27:27 +0100 Received: from ns3.swh.sk ([192.108.125.37]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16sKZZ-00037P-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Tue, 02 Apr 2002 10:27:25 +0100 Received: from hermes.swh.sk (hermes.swh.sk [192.108.125.60]) by ns3.swh.sk (8.11.0/8.11.0) with ESMTP id g327pAL01124 for ; Tue, 2 Apr 2002 09:51:13 +0200 Received: from btss101a.swh.sk (btss.swh.sk [139.24.136.15]) by hermes.swh.sk (8.9.3/8.9.2) with ESMTP id JAA08760 for ; Tue, 2 Apr 2002 09:49:04 +0200 (MET DST) Received: by btss.swh.sk with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) id ; Tue, 2 Apr 2002 09:49:02 +0200 Message-ID: <29BDD4F529FCD311B631009027357C4E04D699E4@btss103a.swh.sk> From: "Gasparik Richard" To: "Rsgb_Lf_Group \(E-mail\)" Subject: LF: RU6LWZ... Date: Tue, 2 Apr 2002 09:48:58 +0200 MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hi all... Nice weekend on LF...I did watch the band all day long and saw RU6LWZ starting 1430Z with QRSS1, just 6Hz above Valerio IK5ZPV. Also IK2DED was on the band in the same time. Ed RU6LWZ was strong and audible and it looks like no signal in Italy on that time. Because no answer from Valerio. I called alone for about 1 hour, but no response. After sunset the signal from Ed has been much stronger and a lot of European called him. I had a more than 1 hour "Murphy breake" because of damaged FET in my power amplifier, but after 2230Z i was back in the air....All night long he was 559-579 audible. I captured some spectrograms, so here is it -> http://www.qsl.net/om2tw. 73 de Rich OM2TW From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 22032 invoked from network); 1 Apr 2002 17:27:59 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by exhibition.plus.net with SMTP; 1 Apr 2002 17:27:59 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 24522 invoked from network); 1 Apr 2002 17:27:41 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 1 Apr 2002 17:27:41 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16s75S-0001ab-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Mon, 01 Apr 2002 20:03:26 +0100 Received: from mailhost.netscapeonline.co.uk ([194.201.52.152]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16s75R-0001aW-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 01 Apr 2002 20:03:25 +0100 Received: from ldsas10-74-125-119.cw-visp.com ([212.137.125.119] helo=netscapeonline.co.uk) by mailhost.netscapeonline.co.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.34 #1) id 16s5MI-0002Gf-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 01 Apr 2002 17:12:43 +0000 Message-ID: <3CA889BF.5C1C6110@netscapeonline.co.uk> Date: Mon, 01 Apr 2002 17:24:31 +0100 From: "gii3kev" Organization: Netscape Online member X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.6 [en-gb]C-CCK-MCD NetscapeOnline.co.uk (Win95; I) X-Accept-Language: en-GB,en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: "rsgb rsgb" Subject: LF: Weekend Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: There was a lot of QRS acty this weekend on 137.7 khz. All of the stations active from around EU and Russia were perfect aural copy with me. This acty went on all day long, but to no avail, no QSO'S took place while I was listening and watching. As far as I am concerned QRS is only necessary if NORMAL CW fails. All of the stations I have worked before except RU6LWZ and this station peaked at 599 in the evening. Normal CW was more appropriate on this occassion and if a QSO had taken place it would only require a few minutes at the most and not take all day. A QRS QSO takes up less bandwidth but if you consider the time to make a QSO, in reality a normal CW QSO requires less time and consequently less band occupancy. As it happens QRS did not work this weekend and normal CW probably would have succeeded and not cluttered up the band. I needed attenuation on the RX most of the time the signals were so strong. I only use QRS when others listening for me do not have facilities to copy normal CW for various reasons. 73 de Mal/G3KEV From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 19177 invoked from network); 1 Apr 2002 16:14:51 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur.plus.net with SMTP; 1 Apr 2002 16:14:51 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 28309 invoked from network); 1 Apr 2002 16:14:53 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 1 Apr 2002 16:14:53 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16s5xK-0001PN-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Mon, 01 Apr 2002 18:50:58 +0100 Received: from siaag2aa.compuserve.com ([149.174.40.131]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16s5xJ-0001P8-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 01 Apr 2002 18:50:57 +0100 Received: (from mailgate@localhost) by siaag2aa.compuserve.com (8.9.3/8.9.3/SUN-1.12) id LAA18627 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 1 Apr 2002 11:12:22 -0500 (EST) Date: Mon, 1 Apr 2002 11:10:16 -0500 From: "'Geri' Kinzel, DK8KW" Subject: Re: LF: IK5ZPV >< RU6LWZ To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Message-ID: <200204011110_MC3-F819-5A94@compuserve.com> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Disposition: inline Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hello Valerio, >very sorry but no qso was made between me and Ed (RU6LWZ).< ... but at least Ed mut have seen you, because he reported in the cluster: "137.7 IK5ZPV 30-Mar-2002 2027Z CQ QRSS3 My First LF SWL !!! " so a full QSO is possible next time! Best 73 Geri, DK8KW (W1KW) From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 2411 invoked from network); 1 Apr 2002 16:06:07 -0000 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 1 Apr 2002 16:06:07 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 24174 invoked from network); 1 Apr 2002 16:06:16 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 1 Apr 2002 16:06:16 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16s5od-0001Mp-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Mon, 01 Apr 2002 18:41:59 +0100 Received: from mail4.messagelabs.com ([212.125.75.12]) by post.thorcom.com with smtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16s5ob-0001Mk-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 01 Apr 2002 18:41:58 +0100 X-VirusChecked: Checked Received: (qmail 23132 invoked from network); 1 Apr 2002 16:03:45 -0000 Received: from merimac.us.gases.boc.com (HELO merimac) (204.149.80.4) by server-16.tower-4.messagelabs.com with SMTP; 1 Apr 2002 16:03:45 -0000 Received: by EXC_WIL04 with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) id ; Mon, 1 Apr 2002 11:11:13 -0500 Message-ID: From: "Ashlock,William" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: LF: Copper pipe loop success Date: Mon, 1 Apr 2002 10:54:45 -0500 MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2653.19) Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hi All, Late yesterday I re-installed the 200ft of 1/2" copper pipe in my std 50'/50' loop location. The pipe had been laying on the ground in the back woods for about 6 weeks while experiments with other loop conductors were going on. During this time I had begun doubting the accuracy of my measurements with this conductor some time ago, that, according to my notes, had an Rac of less than 0.5ohm. Just before removing the RG-8 conductor I measured the Rac at 0.82 ohms. It had rained 2 days before so the ground was still a bit damp, so this reading was probably high by about 0.05 ohms compared to a 'dry' condition. Another factor is that I am using the transmitter INPUT power of 1w to make the Rac calculation and this fails to account for the loss in transistors, resonant capacitors, and output transformer. I will re-calculate this later based on the actual output power and this will reduce all Rac measurements by ~7%. The installation of the pipe was actually easier than anticipated. I used the RG-8 to pull a #8 wire over the top and then the #8 to pull over the pipe (which is quite compliant). The pipe is composed of twenty 10ft sections all soldered together and the total weight is 40lbs. This is standard thinwall house plumbing pipe at $3.15 per section at Home Depot. The OD is .63" and the wall thickness is 0.03. No support ropes are needed since the trees totally support the pipe. I was surprised, and relieved to find the Rac measured 0.49 ohm! After an all night rain I see the input current is down by about 8% and I will recalculate the Rac tonight. BTW this is ~185kHz. I have calculated the Rac for the following conductors using the .0062" skin depth, using 0.2 ohms for soil loss, and nothing included for tree loss: (and yes, Mal, the actual measurements Do check out pretty close :-) 1) #12 1.31ohms 2) #8 1.13 ohms 3) RG-8 0.82 ohms 4) 1/2" Cu pipe 0.49 ohms Next - on to multiple Litz conductors! Bill A ********************************************************************* This footnote confirms that this e-mail message has been scanned for the presence of known computer viruses by the MessageLabs Virus Control Centre. However, it is still recommended that you use local virus scanning software to monitor for the presence of viruses. ********************************************************************* From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 10916 invoked from network); 1 Apr 2002 14:55:26 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 1 Apr 2002 14:55:26 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 10244 invoked from network); 1 Apr 2002 14:55:34 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 1 Apr 2002 14:55:34 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16s4eX-0001Du-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Mon, 01 Apr 2002 17:27:29 +0100 Received: from mta43-acc.tin.it ([212.216.176.239] helo=fep43-svc.tin.it) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16s4eV-0001Dp-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 01 Apr 2002 17:27:28 +0100 Received: from base ([212.171.201.252]) by fep43-svc.tin.it (InterMail vM.4.01.03.13 201-229-121-113) with SMTP id <20020401144901.IIGI4990.fep43-svc.tin.it@base> for ; Mon, 1 Apr 2002 16:49:01 +0200 From: "VALERIO" To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: Re: LF: IK5ZPV >< RU6LWZ Date: Sat, 30 Mar 2002 15:48:32 +0100 X-Mailer: KMail [version 1.1.99] Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed References: <139.bf46b1c.29d9a292@aol.com> In-reply-to: <139.bf46b1c.29d9a292@aol.com> MIME-Version: 1.0 Message-ID: <02033015483200.05700@base> Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: On Monday 01 April 2002 13:46, you wrote: > > Though I missed the QSO between IK5ZPV and RU6LWZ (-congrats!-), Dear Wolf and others, very sorry but no qso was made between me and Ed (RU6LWZ). I did watch the band all day long, in the morning the noise was extremely low and i was able to see the faint signal of Szigy (YO2IS,T report), never seen before. I call him several time, but no answer. In the early afternoon, while Rich was transmitting qrss3 (O audible), i saw someone on the same QRG qrss1, he was RU6LWZ . Is signal was variable on the spectrogram betwenn T and O, i can hear it also in his maximum. I called Ed several time with all my power, i see Rich, Wolf and James doing the same, but no answer from Russia. At 17:00z i must end LF activity for parents, so end of the story. Many thanks to Ed and the others of the RU6WLZ crew for the opportunity to work Russia on LF, i also suggetst them to use a smaller antenna for reception. I hope in another Russian LF expedition soon, '73 Valerio,IK5ZPV From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 11368 invoked from network); 1 Apr 2002 11:49:39 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO warrior.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.227) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 1 Apr 2002 11:49:39 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 27679 invoked from network); 1 Apr 2002 11:49:48 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by warrior.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 1 Apr 2002 11:49:48 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16s1o5-0000vK-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Mon, 01 Apr 2002 14:25:09 +0100 Received: from imo-m06.mx.aol.com ([64.12.136.161]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16s1o3-0000vD-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 01 Apr 2002 14:25:07 +0100 Received: from DL4YHF@aol.com by imo-m06.mx.aol.com (mail_out_v32.5.) id l.139.bf46b1c (3991) for ; Mon, 1 Apr 2002 06:46:26 -0500 (EST) From: DL4YHF@aol.com Message-ID: <139.bf46b1c.29d9a292@aol.com> Date: Mon, 1 Apr 2002 06:46:26 EST Subject: Re: LF: IK5ZPV >< RU6LWZ To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/html; charset=windows-1252 X-Mailer: AOL 6.0 for Windows XP DE sub 50 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Content-transfer-encoding: 8bit Though I missed the QSO between IK5ZPV and RU6LWZ (-congrats!-), it was an impressive display on the waterfall screen on sunday and a 'very effective use of bandwidth' around 137.700, with half a dozen stations calling, separated by about 3..5 Hz, all visible.

Seen and mostly heard during the evening, roughly ordered by 'visual' signal strength:
DL3FDO, PA0BWL, DF6NM, M0BMU, OM2TW, IK5ZPV, IK2DED, OH5UFO; and -of course- RU6LA / RU6LWZ about the same strength as IK5ZPV.

In the pileup, it was nice to see that every of the above stations used an individual frequency, so no problem... a big difference to most pileups on shortwave.

I gave up after midnight when the Easter fire at the club had burned out, seeing that even M0BMU and OM2TW got no reply though using 'slower' QRSS.

Thanks to Ed and the RU6 crew for the activity. As mentioned in another mail, you RX may have enjoyed a small loop antenna much more than being connected to the giant vertical antenna.

IMO it was a successful start, even more luck next time ... hw ?

73, Wolf
 DL4YHF/DF0WD
 www.qsl.net/dl4yhf/df0wd.html
From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 27645 invoked from network); 1 Apr 2002 08:04:21 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 1 Apr 2002 08:04:21 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 11850 invoked from network); 1 Apr 2002 08:04:29 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 1 Apr 2002 08:04:29 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16ryI5-0000Xc-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Mon, 01 Apr 2002 10:39:53 +0100 Received: from mailhost.netscapeonline.co.uk ([194.201.52.152]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16ryI4-0000XX-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 01 Apr 2002 10:39:52 +0100 Received: from ldsas06-70-121-229.cw-visp.com ([212.137.121.229] helo=netscapeonline.co.uk) by mailhost.netscapeonline.co.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.34 #1) id 16rwYt-0003qy-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 01 Apr 2002 07:49:08 +0000 Message-ID: <3CA80572.B6FD2026@netscapeonline.co.uk> Date: Mon, 01 Apr 2002 08:00:02 +0100 From: "gii3kev" Organization: Netscape Online member X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.6 [en-gb]C-CCK-MCD NetscapeOnline.co.uk (Win95; I) X-Accept-Language: en-GB,en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: "rsgb rsgb" Subject: LF: ru6lwz Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Sunday 31/3/2001. 1940 utc Signals from RU6LWZ now 599 solid on 137.7 khz. There are 5 EU stations calling you I am now going QRT. I am also calling on 7025 khz and QSX 137.7 khz but no response !! de G3KEV/IO94SH From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 27335 invoked from network); 1 Apr 2002 04:05:18 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 1 Apr 2002 04:05:18 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 2683 invoked from network); 1 Apr 2002 04:05:26 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 1 Apr 2002 04:05:26 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16ruUa-00006m-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Mon, 01 Apr 2002 06:36:32 +0100 Received: from mailsrv.otenet.gr ([195.170.0.5]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16ruUZ-00006h-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 01 Apr 2002 06:36:31 +0100 Received: from otenet.gr (myti530-a108.otenet.gr [212.205.251.236]) by mailsrv.otenet.gr (8.12.2/8.12.2) with ESMTP id g313w8QB029095 for ; Mon, 1 Apr 2002 06:58:25 +0300 (EEST) Message-ID: <3CA775AD.4959CB3A@otenet.gr> Date: Sun, 31 Mar 2002 21:46:37 +0100 From: "Alex Deligiannis" X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.75 [en] (Win95; U) X-Accept-Language: en,el MIME-Version: 1.0 To: "rsgb" Subject: LF: IK5ZPV >< RU6LWZ Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-7; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Received IK5ZPV (good signal Valerio) in QSO with RU6LWZ (audible) also received this evening IK2DED with audible signal sometimes Receiver IC-R75 with 60m loop E/W Best 73 Alex SV8QG From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 22832 invoked from network); 31 Mar 2002 22:59:14 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by exhibition.plus.net with SMTP; 31 Mar 2002 22:59:14 -0000 Received: (qmail 21721 invoked from network); 31 Mar 2002 22:58:55 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 31 Mar 2002 22:58:55 -0000 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16rplQ-00083f-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Mon, 01 Apr 2002 01:33:36 +0100 Received: from tungsten.btinternet.com ([194.73.73.81]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16rplO-00083a-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 01 Apr 2002 01:33:35 +0100 Received: from host62-7-54-76.in-addr.btopenworld.com ([62.7.54.76] helo=default) by tungsten.btinternet.com with smtp (Exim 3.22 #8) id 16roEU-00040P-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sun, 31 Mar 2002 23:55:31 +0100 Message-ID: <000201c1d907$22eadba0$4c36073e@default> From: "Alan Melia" To: "LF-Group" Subject: LF: LF Cluster spots re RU6 Date: Sun, 31 Mar 2002 23:54:32 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.72.3110.5 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: Hi all, for those who do not have access to the DX Cluster the following was collected from GB7DXM this evening. Ed could do with using a 1m loop rather than trying to RX on that 135m tower I think. I only listened this evening and he was as strong with me as DF0WD on QRSS, and was having difficulty with Rich OM2TW who is good copy in UK also. 137.7 RU6LWZ 31-Mar-2002 2241Z vy good sig..not rx calls 137.0 OM2TW 31-Mar-2002 2235Z I'm on Machta - no commun - 137.0 OM2TW 31-Mar-2002 2227Z need any FAQ abt ARGO on 23z 137.7 RU6LWZ 31-Mar-2002 2210Z I'm calling you now... 137.7 RU6LWZ 31-Mar-2002 2159Z CQ Pse my rpt to ed@dx.ru 137.7 RU6LA 31-Mar-2002 1817Z CQ QRSS3 137.7 RU6LWZ 31-Mar-2002 1751Z calling IK5ZPV only 137.7 PILEUP 31-Mar-2002 1723Z everyone is calling RU6LWZ 136.7 EI0CF 31-Mar-2002 1655Z cq 136.7 ON7ND 31-Mar-2002 1644Z replied? 136.7 EI0CF 31-Mar-2002 1643Z 137.7 OM2TW 31-Mar-2002 1637Z calling RU6LWZ 137.7 RU6LWZ 31-Mar-2002 1551Z strong but deaf...sri 137.7 M0BMU 31-Mar-2002 1548Z calling... 137.7 IK5ZPV 31-Mar-2002 1507Z CQ QRSS...and RU6LWZ 6Hz abo 137.7 RU6LWZ 31-Mar-2002 1448Z QRSS1 and audible here.... 137.7 RU6LWZ 31-Mar-2002 1500Z CQ new one QRSS3 137.7 IK5ZPV 31-Mar-2002 1357Z strong CQ QRSS3 137.7 IK2DED 31-Mar-2002 1311Z CQ QRSS3 137.0 GM3YXM/P 31-Mar-2002 1135Z LOUD 137.0 RU6LWZ 31-Mar-2002 1104Z CQ CQ cw QSX 1850.0 137.0 RU6LWZ 31-Mar-2002 1056Z Nice signal on 137 for day t 137.0 RU6LWZ 31-Mar-2002 1054Z UU4JMG TNX for FB Info ! 137.0 RU6LWZ 31-Mar-2002 1053Z Ukraine can't work on 137 !! 137.0 RU6LWZ 31-Mar-2002 1053Z Pse lsn UA1-UA6 now 137.0 RU6LWZ 31-Mar-2002 1052Z Delta loop 40m high !!! 137.0 RU6LWZ 31-Mar-2002 1051Z UU4JMG : Hw Ant/RX now ??? 137.0 RU6LWZ 31-Mar-2002 1049Z no any TX here now sorry but 137.0 RU6LWZ 31-Mar-2002 1048Z weak rst and I don't have an 137.0 RU6LWZ 31-Mar-2002 1047Z uu4jmg Pse call on 1850 cw , 137.0 RU6LWZ 31-Mar-2002 1042Z CQ cw QSX 1850.0 137.0 RU6LWZ 31-Mar-2002 1041Z rst very weak 339 !!! but re 137.0 RU6LWZ 31-Mar-2002 1038Z UU4JMG How RST ??? PSE lsn 137.0 RU6LWZ 31-Mar-2002 1035Z can hear you but no any TX h 137.0 RU6LWZ 31-Mar-2002 1033Z CQ CQ cw cw 136.5 OZ8NJ 31-Mar-2002 1005Z cq 559 > jo42 137.7 IK5ZPV 31-Mar-2002 0959Z "TTT" sri qrm 137.7 OH5UFO 30-Mar-2002 2136Z qrss but audible(!) on same 137.7 DL3FDO 30-Mar-2002 2131Z cq qrss and ?? on same qrg 137.0 DF0WD 30-Mar-2002 2057Z any G???? on 136.6 ???? 137.0 DF0WD 30-Mar-2002 2055Z on 136.48 and 136.90 any CW 137.0 DF0WD 30-Mar-2002 2054Z see in ARGO any CW, but no l 137.0 DF0WD 30-Mar-2002 2048Z give me any CW on 136.6 137.0 RU6LA 30-Mar-2002 2046Z rr, wl lsn, cul, gl 137.0 DF0WD 30-Mar-2002 2045Z PSE QRX.... my rigs is fired 137.0 DF0WD 30-Mar-2002 2043Z no copy any signals now - en 137.7 IK5ZPV 30-Mar-2002 2034Z ru6la: see M0BMU abt 13Hz up 137.7 IK5ZPV 30-Mar-2002 2033Z you signals is very fine typ 137.7 IK5ZPV 30-Mar-2002 2029Z TX abt 1h later - EQ in Fina 137.7 IK5ZPV 30-Mar-2002 2027Z CQ QRSS3 My First LF SWL !!! 137.7 M0BMU 30-Mar-2002 2009Z clg cq 136.6 G3KAU 30-Mar-2002 1936Z 439 qso m0bmu 439 137.7 IK2DED 30-Mar-2002 1927Z Tnx my 1st QRSS qso :-) 137.7 IK5ZPV 30-Mar-2002 1714Z cq in QRSS "O" cpy in JO42 136.5 F6CWA 30-Mar-2002 1609Z CQ 136.7 DL3FDO 29-Mar-2002 1906Z 137.7 DF6NM 29-Mar-2002 1814Z CQ DFCW3 (Audible) 136.6 EI0CF 29-Mar-2002 1757Z 559 wkg g3kau 137.6 IK5ZPV 29-Mar-2002 1746Z called u .695 guess u cpy ni G3NYK de GB7MRS 31-Mar-2002 2245Z > Cheers de Alan G3NYK alan.melia@btinternet.com From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 27810 invoked from network); 31 Mar 2002 22:28:17 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by exhibition.plus.net with SMTP; 31 Mar 2002 22:28:17 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 409 invoked from network); 31 Mar 2002 22:27:56 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 31 Mar 2002 22:27:56 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16rpFb-0007xw-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Mon, 01 Apr 2002 01:00:43 +0100 Received: from mailout05.sul.t-online.com ([194.25.134.82]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16rpFY-0007xk-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 01 Apr 2002 01:00:40 +0100 Received: from fwd07.sul.t-online.de by mailout05.sul.t-online.com with smtp id 16rniX-0006ZC-00; Mon, 01 Apr 2002 00:22:29 +0200 Received: from (0482183881-0001@[62.156.6.173]) by fwd07.sul.t-online.com with smtp id 16rniQ-0ktO64C; Mon, 1 Apr 2002 00:22:22 +0200 From: "jannsen" <0482183881-0001@t-online.de> To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org References: <3CA74488.F9F32279@netscapeonline.co.uk> Subject: Re: LF: RU6LWZ X-Mailer: T-Online eMail 2.34 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="------------070609070409090708030501" Date: Mon, 1 Apr 2002 00:22:22 +0200 Message-ID: <16rniQ-0ktO64C@fwd07.sul.t-online.com> X-Sender: 0482183881-0001@t-dialin.net Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: This is a multi-part message in MIME format. --------------070609070409090708030501 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=windows-1252; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit gii3kev schrieb: .................... > Dropped into the shack at 1525 utc, daytime and RU6LWZ was booming in > both aurally and visual. Signals very strong and solid all day no qsb > etc. I took some screen shots but do not have a web page to display > these shots. They could be sent if required as an attachment to those > interested. .................. > Hi Mal, see attachment. what was the SN/S in ur area ? pse let me see ur screenshot. regards Uwe/dj8wx --------------070609070409090708030501 Content-Type: image/jpeg; name="RU6LWZ.JPG" Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Disposition: inline; filename="RU6LWZ.JPG" /9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQEBLAEsAAD/2wBDAAgGBgcGBQgHBwcJCQgKDBQNDAsLDBkSEw8UHRof Hh0aHBwgJC4nICIsIxwcKDcpLDAxNDQ0Hyc5PTgyPC4zNDL/2wBDAQkJCQwLDBgNDRgyIRwh MjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjL/wAAR CABnAigDASIAAhEBAxEB/8QAHwAAAQUBAQEBAQEAAAAAAAAAAAECAwQFBgcICQoL/8QAtRAA AgEDAwIEAwUFBAQAAAF9AQIDAAQRBRIhMUEGE1FhByJxFDKBkaEII0KxwRVS0fAkM2JyggkK FhcYGRolJicoKSo0NTY3ODk6Q0RFRkdISUpTVFVWV1hZWmNkZWZnaGlqc3R1dnd4eXqDhIWG h4iJipKTlJWWl5iZmqKjpKWmp6ipqrKztLW2t7i5usLDxMXGx8jJytLT1NXW19jZ2uHi4+Tl 5ufo6erx8vP09fb3+Pn6/8QAHwEAAwEBAQEBAQEBAQAAAAAAAAECAwQFBgcICQoL/8QAtREA AgECBAQDBAcFBAQAAQJ3AAECAxEEBSExBhJBUQdhcRMiMoEIFEKRobHBCSMzUvAVYnLRChYk NOEl8RcYGRomJygpKjU2Nzg5OkNERUZHSElKU1RVVldYWVpjZGVmZ2hpanN0dXZ3eHl6goOE hYaHiImKkpOUlZaXmJmaoqOkpaanqKmqsrO0tba3uLm6wsPExcbHyMnK0tPU1dbX2Nna4uPk 5ebn6Onq8vP09fb3+Pn6/9oADAMBAAIRAxEAPwDybxJ4YPhy9S2LzGYsVDqMo3TkNx6//XrE vWuFmMM05l2Y6Sbl/Cuv+IlvawSWPlAmUhwXMjPlcgqCT35P6VxlxDLbSKJI9rYDDPORnrVS jbfcmP8AX9aEtrCj7ZEIeVTnyShOR+FJNJK10rSIkL56GIKB+GKlh1m8s7gy2Uot27NGig/n jNRpHe6xqBChri6mbJ5Ayfr0qSjQ1Aac2i2hjkgbUvtM32gxbgPK2xeWcH5fveb05557Vi5T uD04wa3LqysLPTLO2uHEWppeTfa8hmxFti8vH8J583p689qqpe2NtcN5dissZUD52wW45POc UAZj7eNpJ45zT4vK2t5hOf4eKkuRbnbJC2A3/LPn5PbJ61PZT28dncRyxxmRx8jsuSp/KgCF TE4zKnlqARmNc844yCefz7Va1NdNNtpQ08lpvsp+2ZDZ83zpMDnj/V+X93j8c1nqwCEY5yCC OCOvetW5u7e0tdKOlyGO5No320rn/W+dLjr/ANM/K6cfjmgChEsOAstw8eTztTcB9ef6VfRR Mn2f7TZz8fIX3pt/HABP1zUcSrdwXEt08RfbiNiwQ7v61BFZB4mJuraMj+F35P5CjTqB0fhn wnea7byx28EEpkbaGEqBkwMkkngDpT/+Fba+soVksduOWF9CQOOc/Nn8gaybLW9SsLSSLTnW CMgh2QISc4zyRnsKrS67qc8TxyX9yyMfmUzNg5znjOO9RUjVbvFpL0f/AMl+goNp6q51WofD y+NrpkeniwkmW2b7a/26Nd0vmyY4dwR+78scAdPXNVk+HXiLyIwsdgfM53LeRZXHYnd/LNZu p+ILk2GlR2epXYcWp+2Is0gUS+dJjAzgfu/K6cfjmsl9Sv7qQeZczyucAbnJz6CoUKv86+7/ AIJrzQ6x/H/gHQP8PdeKhitk8pB3It9ESvPc7se/X/Ctez+GNy1g8lzJFId5Ba3uo/kXjDcn DDORjjoea5O+1m/eM27y3KAgCRWmY78cjPPP41bsfEXiBIzcx30sywHLeZiR4x6gsDt9Mj0p 8tVfaX3P9JA502tIv7/+AW2+Hmt+ayLFbnJ+Qm9hyfqFZu3vW0fh/q83h2ytIfsIumu5mmZb yPY8W2IR4w3Pzeb2z68AVyF94k1S9ml/0ydYZfvReYSrf73978a1dN1yC00uykmvb/7aLmfz /JnkDCLbD5WDuAHIl6c+vah0671Uk/8At1//ACQnKNtI6+t/0MzX9Ak0C5W1mYtMARIMD5H4 O3IJB4IOffpVeWzWO1UTSywtjIE0JAP+6eal17Vv7UvhIFlCAYXzWLMeMZOc88dazmnlMQjM j+WDkKWOB+Favz3/AK9TOG2p2Pg7w9d6tplwbO0srqVnIT7UF2oQATnPPIPbOMc4zWvaeDZo vD88CxRzalP03zwCOH64cjpzwe/Sud8P+J7bS9KktphdCUswU277FKkDrgg5yOuM+9OtF1LU 9MuL2TV72NLdiyoC8p9sZYdPWlOFRu8WkvT/AO2/QKbs3zq68v8Ahmasfwz1C60S3jT7DFqi XU/mhrxSXi2ReXgAkfeE3YdR7Vja/oWsaeTBexRbIDsZ4wsag7RxkgFuMZ46kjtU9trE1xpd pDb6tImovezG7lnuDExh2wiPLk46+bwDngZzhcTeKHiu9L3mHTftERAe5ivVleQ5OT93Jz1z k/WopxqJvnkn8v8Agjk25aKy9f8AhjicdBjP0rvfCGgXWs6HcQ2tvHdpI3zpMxj2f7QYE+3b +Rrh0j2xrOxjxn7pYEkfSussNfh0fTpDYXjTTlfkhSDyRCeeSf4+p6561b20/wAyZc1vdVzR tfh7q9nc211b/ZnQTBZN00LhOmCCxAbnjIGeOwxm34r8Nav4gl0y4tFtDItsyXWLqNdsnnSY 43kn5PL+7n881y3hzWZY9ZhnvdUaKGMhvLYMyvjkKABgf0rV8c64TqdidMvHWd7BVvjA7ruk 8x/lbpnCbKzVOvbWat6f8E2U6d9Yv7/+AQH4aa0MfNabQMs/2lcD2xwQfYgfWoV+HWsyCMxP YPuPzg3kYMY/2skA/wDASa50ahfGRCLmUOhymHI2n29Pwqyuu6uG2HUbhhu3FHkLKT7g8H8a bp1bfGvu/wDthudJ7Rf3/wDANx/ht4jjdlFraSAHqL6EAdOxfPfuKb/wrvW1mET/AGFSQSX+ 1IQCM/LgHP44x71R/tzX3B/05SNu0gmPleuDnqOOnSqU+tanNFJDLqFwYmbJjWUhOcnhQdoG fQVKhV/nX3f/AGwlKmvii/v/AOAdrc/C7UWXS47eK38xYFW9YXY+aVp5MYznpGYs4AH45rn/ ABnokWg38dtDkKQdynaQpGORjkjnqfeqV1fxW0OkS6Zcyw3YtW+2OjuCJfOlx34/d+X04/HN N1DVrnVWiS8uo7hyMCXygjJ3IJABP41pGM435pJ/K36szlrK8VZev/AMYj0OR2qSBxFOjhYz g9JBuU/WnRNBHeq0qmWEPlhnG4Vc1KeC9ud1hamGFVA2Bfc9+/41QEOosry71itkyP8Algx2 /lUr/wBn/wDCP2Xl8akbyf7QeT+52Q+Xx06+d059e1QXTwgBRalHxyxyM++KvQ3ttZ+H7RrX YNTN3OZy0YYiLZD5eNwIHzeb05557UAZbR5kKw/vFAHKg+nNWdNhe4uFRL2C0k6I0hZc/ioP 61WnuJJZjKWwzAZKjGfyrS8Ni3k1iBLu3M8OfmQNtOPzGfpQBW1Wyu7C9KXjb3IzvD79w9c1 c0++Ww0S5G+3aWVxtilj8zjHXB49OtN8Qz2MurSyabH5FuPlELRhCp+g/rVGAWqR7pXl8w5/ dqnBGPXPr7UAXdXNnNY6TLauGmFoVvAM8S+dLjA6AeX5fTA/HNUTHBD5bbxNuGSoyPwNXNSm sktNLGns8cxtW+2qGbiXzpcDnj/V+V04/HNZgSRwWVWYDqaAPp/9nVt/gDUG2hf+JrJwO37q KvXa8g/Zx/5J5f8A/YVk/wDRUVev0AFFFFABRRRQAUUUUAFFFFABRRRQAUUUUAFFFFABRRRQ AUUUUAFFFFABRRRQB8E3WoXl8VN3dTTlV2qZXLYHpzULsz4ZiSfetoeHfsl0ItXu47E/3P8A Wv8A98rmtC48JxXa+bpFwzWsce6WS4jkQZyBxlcHqOOtAHLoxRGKlRngggGkUkDCnBPGela+ maYmpzNZWv2d7g8o87Mm7rwOevTjFUby0W0neEzI7KcExgkZ9MnHNP0FobN/aaZZ+GbKN3uD rPnySSr8xRYyI9me2MiXG3nnntXOMST1PPrXTWF3Zx6LZsdSMGordTmYvC0w8nZEI/lb5fve b059eMVjTQPcyvPI8cYflSy7N30CjH9PeldDumQ4jmMYOIgBhnJY/wCNX3vLuHRXs4nje0Zs l0G3J+hANVv7On8gzCNWVeWIkUkfUZ+lRCISQgRxTNKCScHK4+mP60cy7iuu5PY6Td39vLNb IjLHw25gO3vgf1p2prYLa6Utp/x8LasL7lv9d50uBzx/q/K6cfjmmW9jKxRo5YVc88zIhGf9 4g56Vc1aC1I0uKFgL0WzLfs7sds3nSYyTx/q/K5Xj8c01cehl3BhYr5UPlYXnL7sn16VGkzQ uGjCAgd1DZ/PNaYj+dobjUZ1i6K0aM6E/QkH9DVm68Mmx0wXs88bq67kWNwGAPTcr4NFuwlZ rcwC5JJPU+gxVqxvPskhcxRSAgjEi5HTt6U6Czt5LWSaW8jiK/cjIyX/AC6fjV61srSLSWvJ Whlc5CxNMUIOPQDLdu4pWTGQas1hJb6WbMYnNq32wbmOJfOlwOT/AM8/K6cfjmsxc5yDgjvW tqMWnS22lG1eOCY2rfbN3mECbzpcDkHpH5XTj8c1DZaVLc38FvIHhEp4cxscj1A6kfSm1pfo JuxRZmdsuSx9Sa1tPv7aysJDGZ4r7+Fw25GHoV6H8ciorzTIbG+Nv9vgnQNgyQgtj8xj8ia6 j+x7hbWLOu6fawhcxyQylEk4zg5UAnH+12pxTeiHuccCL2+HnShN5+Zwg4/AVrXOnafJpVpb 6Y5uNSFzObhmUx/utsXl8E4+95vuc+wrOubC4t5mNwoUhskF1yfwBrffStIm8KWlybtLHUnn l3Boptsse2PZk8qMMJDnPfkdKm267CuujOWmiaGQpIu1hjIzU8v2JoV8pHRwMHe/U+uMH+dX k1OP7N/Z97bxTwIcI8O1XGD2fByPrVC9MDz/AOi27wxY+4z7z+J7/hQnYd0iAvIi7AWCnnHY 1Hk5qZ14VlUDPGBU66c7W5lMtupzwhlXcfyNK8Vqwv3ZKxsP+EfsygzqIup/P5PEO2Hy+D8v 3vN6c+vao5g76ak/y4ZypAiA5HfcBmrc9pZR+HrLY0R1MXU5uF8wn9zsi8vvt+95vTnnntVi LUrNPDEljJaTPPvOyQyYXOeuB/8AXp3vqgTuroxoBZ+VJ9o88yfwiPGPxJqDJxjJIz0zU0Mn 2WUNLbLJxkLJkD6+9IFFw5cvDECe/AH4DmgCzaWsq31sHKw72G2Rl3jk8ZAzmup1+XRtEvrL 7PaQXd21oftbB5F2ymSTBAJx9zy+1Yul6NHLf2//ABMLZos7meLduTHPRlHpjOCOa1PEcVnF YaHdWSqtxc2zNcJLGrkHzZArFyApOwIO3T1JNacnuc4m0na5x7nLll4BOQPSm+5/nW5BpWnt CZtR1RYZef3EMRkY/iMKPzqtJaG0h3Q3VrJHJnHy7mx7gglfzrO67hddzNzjt+VODKT83A79 8VZFgJImaOdWdRkoQQfw9aijhPnrHICgJ5zxgetNNtaDuujLuqNpyW+lf2c26YWpN42G/wBd 50uOv/TPyhxx+OazTJufe4BOee2a6XxFoVrYaVpFxZ3NvdFrcpdSwOzq0olkx9P3fljAx0+t c75OGAcMOeRjkCk9HqK8UNkZGOVQIPQHP86ltjZhk+0pMVz83lMAQPbIPNROqb8IxIx1K4/l Vq0tUaeNbgFUZgCC+w49ckYH400rbj0S1Ze1s6B5MI0oXbT5zI0x7eh9/pVZ/wCzh4fsyg/4 mP2ufzxluYdsXl9ePveb05557VueJvC0unyQGCS4uoSoy7R7li9Azj6+lZ+q6dZ6fotjEXjb VDdTG4COxxFsi8rORtHzeb05557U2tQUk1dGC2C3C4HoKvWKRFdy3TwXSt+7wDg/Qg5BqKO1 eUouYwW43GRcD3NdFbeH7zTp0mtdZ0lpgN3lx3v8+n86W97Cutjn7u9u5/3V1J5jKcEsAWz/ AL3U/nVePBPzHA7k81tTwLqFzO1zcIlxGMktOZUI5JA2gn1796pNZRSXYihuY40YfLJKGVc9 PTIH1pbBePcXUjpwtNJ+xgNN9kb7Zy3MvnS46/8ATPyunH45pNOt7y/doLd0QYJO4gDFTa1F pkVvpqWMoluFtiLx1DbTL5smMZ/6Z+WOOOPXNGl2WlXEMhu9Va0uekS+USpP+0w6Cm1YZ9Ff s6IU+H+oKwII1aQH/v1FXrteXfAaxOn+Br2I3dvdbtSd99vJvUfuouM+vH616jSAKKKKACii igAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigD4HkuJZiqyyu6qcLvYnArr fDnifSdH0ZYZrN5rpSzAMisgbIIYZOc/KoPbj3Ndkn7OvikQOr3eiNIT8r/aphj8PKqIfs5+ MB/zEtDz6+fN/wDGqadiZRUlZmPYeOpNSE9newW0Qkj/AHbQ/Kdw5AyzEEe1cZqXm2t+qvYw 2Uq8gISR9eSw/LAr1Sz/AGePFEMubi80SRccFbmYFfp+7qw3wD8VjzFF5oUgfnzWnmEg/HYa UVyK0QhCMUcjF47Sy8N2BtYrebVlllWdp4Sdse2PYRggdd9VJPHzpIXt9H0wBl2ndCTx6fe6 f4mu2k/Z4186PbxR3ekC+W4maaX7RLtaIrH5Y/1fUES54H3hye1I/s5eLs8ajofT/nvN/wDG 6iVOMndkujF7nJf8LCu1i8qPStLSLBBjW3IU568bqt2fj+e5uYYrjT9OWNQVXEZAXI93xjiu i/4Zz8XZ/wCQloeP+u0v/wAbq7bfAXxhaRFI5/DRYggu8kzE/nHx+FDpxeliVQgttDjvFM1p qmmW88Fxp76mXHnJbMAoUZwEzk/UZrKXV49FsrGHT+Xe0b7fDIpZTcedJtJUnHEfl9OPxzXe D9nbxer7l1DQs9eZpT/7Tq3ffs8+IJoLD7JdaNFMluRdk3ExEkvmyEFcoePLMY7cqeO51vbY 0UFazOFi8eyFv9I0vSmSRkM2LXBkAGDkAgevGMVlX+vxXN+ZIrKF4dvlx+arBlQZwAobauM/ wgV6IP2d/GIXZ/amihOcgTy//GqY37Ofi9v+YloeB/02l/8AjVJPSyJhShB3R5PFDLdz7IYm d3Jwigk/5+pouIHtpBFIylgDlVYHb14J/pXrKfs6eMUBA1TRVzwds83P/kOk/wCGcvF3T+0d D/7/AMv/AMapGh5pqk1g1lpAs1VZxZsLwopB83zpMdf+mfl9P55rpbnxXBY20S2tna3LSIvm tdQq/IAAxgj0712V9+zt4hktNPWzvNHSdLcrdl55sPL5shDL8h48sxr25U8dzU/4Z08XhABq GhAj+Lz5v/jVO+liZwjNWkc7c+PINR0mSK5t3ivSjqGthtQkgBcnO7HTvWFp1xf6trNo5iiu TGQPKZlVdv4kDNd9/wAM5+MOD/aeh595pf8A41S/8M5+L+MaloYI9J5v/jVNTa2FGnCKsc1q PjA6dqBtY9LsXWDC77iINKSOeSGxVHxNr+n61oFl5W5b9bud549pACFIghHJAGQ/A5/Suz/4 Z08Yl9zanojHOTm4m5/8hVoXf7PeuzaXbRwXGjx3qzymZzczFWiKx+WB+76giXPH8Q5PZX38 yYUYRfMtzy/wrfR2F/PPcSskHktvRCu5vTAJ59a2X+I91FmG206xWAfdUxMpP1AfGa6c/s6+ MDj/AImWh4448+X/AONUn/DOfi//AKCOh/8Af+b/AONVEoqSsxypRk7s5JfH1yZVkj0TSfOH R1tjv/MNmrM/jXVntt9xpGmKnRTPEcnvxuauqH7PnjJFKx33h9FPXEspP5mImrNp8BPGFqp3 X3h64yMbLhpXUfT93kGpVKC6E/V6b3RzMHj6yfQIxPBFDqEk8qyCyg2Yj2x+WSTxyTIDt54H HSuCuXudS1AvLL588h5ZjjJr2r/hQWu/2MsXm6ONQeaYyul1MsfllYxGAPLPIYSHp/EOT2zD +zr4s2YW+0QNnhjczEj6fuq0vpZFwpwh8J5BcrPFL5VwW3pxhjnFRgn1r2Gb9nbxlK+5tT0Q 8YyZ5c/+iqaP2cfF2OdS0TP/AF3l/wDjVMs878LEjVmZWxIsExjH95jGwx7dc/hXda74xjs4 NPSzsbAyXlnul8yMhd3nSZDAsAF27TjHUmtzQ/gD4p07UVludS0g25UrIkcspLgjpzGMfXtV 7xL8DPEOrQ6cLK90qN4YWFz5s0uHkLsdw+QnG0qMdOOAK6X7GWGcX8V0YzpKUrs81Xxxf6er Wr6ZpAic7miW3G38lbBP1qZ/iFJHOfs+nacsDgb0MGM9jkbua6Vv2cvF5PGpaJjtmeX/AONU sf7Ofi7eu/UtE2A84nlz/wCiq4pU4yd7A8PTZyR+INxCrx2mmaXFH1jxb4Kn1HzcGsPVNeu9 TnZ5fKUuuGKIMk455OTzn1r0uf8AZ18XPMxj1PRdnbdPLnH/AH7q1pv7PXiO2n8y8u9GnQAj yhPKAc+/lcVatFWSKhShDY5DS/FWj6F4dsY7SKR9Qa3la6V0LwmYyNsyCwwQgTpx+OaLf4iv cM0WpW0UdswDE2cZ8zcGDL95sEcd67vVvgLrdxbWkelroNmwiP2ktczyEyeY+NrMh+XYYx0H IPHc43/DOfjDH/IS0P8A7/zf/Gqba5uawOjBu55VLNbnUHlgV4YS5Maq3KjPAySf511Vn43u o4o8W0V5eL8oMkbOFXGCQcggkYBAOMAe9dT/AMM5eMP+glof/f8Al/8AjVSr+zp4r8ghtR0Y yZ4/0iXAH/fqhu45wjJWZyM3iNJ7Oa11TSltlKFbeO1tRGOTnv25z+Oe9Z9ldaJbWenTymZr 1bubzjsDMIgsPlcNlcbvN6c+vavRW/Z78YXa5vda0p2VdqfvpWA9uUGKfJ+zx4gOj2sUd5o6 3y3ErTy+fNtaIrGIwPk6giUngfeHJ7HM7WCEIw0SOR/4T/7BNcRwQQT24Ym1keIhtuTgNhgc DpWX4h8Ux6zaxgLNv373iZQIjwBgYO7AxnrXan9nTxgTn+0tDzj/AJ7y/wDxqpH/AGd/FrRR qL7QQy9T50vP/kKkgVOKlzLc868NamLC6uF2hhNEccDgg5HBrXk8d3crxpNpmnI6kfOlsRIn QZXnAOBXZ3HwA8ZXMMcT3vh1Vj6FHlU/pFzUI/Z08VBCv27RCSeGNxLx/wCQvpVc+lmhSpRk 7s4HX3tddu9MfSov9JktNt0pJBMgkkALFjjJjEZ4459c1g3NpNZzNDPHtkXqAQf5V7Jffs7+ IpLbTxaXmjRzJblbtnnmxJL5rkEfuzx5ZjXoOVPHc1o/2dvGKDA1TRVB67bibn/yFSbuaJW0 R3n7OX/JPb//ALCsn/oqKvX64T4UeC9S8C+F7rS9UuLWeaW9e4VrZ2ZQpRFAO5Qc5U9vSu7p AFFFFABRRRQAUUUUAFFFFABRRRQAUUUUAFFFFABRRRQAUUUUAFFFFABRRRQByfjrxjN4Nt9L uFsrS4gvr1LJ5Lm9NusDOCVdjsYbAFYseMYHBzxj3PxJ1KHS9Lu08Nxl77WBpC+beskTs3MU 8MnlHzYGXnfgewbrW54z8LXnij+xvsupwWX9mahHqA820M3mSR/cHEiYXlsjqeMEY5w4vhjN b6JBpMGtxpaabrCaro8ZsyRa7XZvJkPmZlT5zzlWzzkjAABc1H4iJo19fWmp21jbyJqH2CzL akqLKfJExklMir5cYV4wxXeQzYAY7d1jWfGtxpsWpxWulwXl9o+nrf6mgvgsMAKu3lq4Uu0h CEgGNQVIJK5AOXr/AMMZtfIvZdbji1Z3ujNMlmTAyz2y2zBYvM3KQkaEEufm3HBBAWMfDu40 xtb03SZsafrmlW2myXU5EslsYYni3GMbAytHtGQ2Q5ztK52gGpqPjXUrL4ZW/jGLQY7l3t47 uWyiu2JSFxncH8rkqpUsCoAG7k7eacnxHuBq2s2Fvp+lXD2cVvLZeVrAY34nkVItoWM7M71y W4BdOdjB60NA8Iappv2S11XXYNR0i10r+zE05bDyo5B8g8yTMj72KptwRjBOAMnOXoXwrh0a 48NXD6lHcz6SkyXUhtAragpIMIc7icQlIygO7GxcbcDABY1Txxr2n+IrHRE8NWkt3e3H2eAN qLxiTbAks0ikwYMSb9uc7mKnC5yBuWXilLm11oS2M66lo3F3YQMs0jHyhIpiAOWVwcIWCkkE EKQQOf1fwH4g1HxDq2s23iuCyur20FhBLHpreZZ2wfcURhMAWJ5LkE5+7s4A1PD+gX1tq3ib xBKsdnqGtvCYoXbz1gSKEJH5gXbl9xYsquR0AY/eIBhr8T9RhilttS8JT2OrjVbXSo7d7xXg aSdd6kzqpxheWCqxG5P7xwah8XLO0+Gdh4wis4DJd526dc3ohlfa/lyeX8reZtbB6D5Tk4PF R2nwu1ePS47bUPGEmo3FrqdvqlncT2Ays0WQfOO/fMGUqvLgqEUA4GKz7z4GwvoVrptlr8kJ XTP7OuZZrUS+Yv2kXO5AHXYfMyOS3ykDqNxANDVvivNo/iXV9In0a0kfTbi2iEUWok3V4s5G 3yITEPMcKwLLuGDxk9a9A1LVtN0a3W41TULSxgZwiyXUyxKWwTgFiBnAJx7GvP8AUfhdqWs3 HiBtR8RWhg8QPaG/S301o2C25G0RM0zBSQOSwb6V0HjnwbN4wsoYLfV5NNdEmikZYiwlikTa yttZHxkK23dsJUblbAwAGkeN4b7xvrfha9jtLO8094hbD7YHa8V0MmVQqpyqgFgN2M9cDJ1J vFnhu3+0ef4g0qL7NKIJ997GvlSHdhGyflb5G4PPyn0NcPpfwf8Asd9YXN3rvn/ZruyuZFit PL8z7HD5UCgl229WLnndkAbMZMdp8E7GHTtQsLjVZLiCTTH02yBg2mBDcNcK8hDfvHWQr02A hcEc8AHoB8S6Ctwlu2t6aJ3uGtUjN0m5plIDRgZyXBZQV6jcPWpNT13R9E8r+1tVsbDzs+X9 ruEi34xnG4jOMjp6iuD1f4QwarNaXMmpRyTiya1vluIZTFdu03ntLtimjKkys7bSzKMrgDaK 6jxX4Xm8TXGgst/HawaXqcWouhtzI0zRn5VDbwFGC2eD1HTHIBqS67o8P2HzdVsY/wC0MfYt 1wg+05xjy+fnzuXpn7w9ay7XxhZSapr8N3Pptrp+kvChvTqUTBmfIYSIDmEq42Yf7x6VwcPw L26Vb6dP4j3wraGwnZLHaz2/2pbkBcyHbJvDDcdw2kfLkEnU1r4Xalq+t63qK+IrSD+1LiCc Aaaxe3aBGSFo5BMCrruDbhjJX+6WUgHeJrujyXlrZx6rYvdXcQntoVuELzRkEh0XOWXAJyOO DUl5q2m6fcWtve6haW092+y2jmmVGmbIGEBOWOWAwPUetcOfhTaR+LIdahvY3iR7KRra4gcB ZLZdiOghkijU7ccNGwU5wACVqx8QPhzN44OItdk06OS3EE8QgLrJtkDox2uhYqdwAcuo3kqF bLEA6iHxLoNzqh0uDW9Nl1AOyG0S6RpQy53DYDnIwcjHGDWPYeN4dQ+I154TgjtJktrI3Ru7 e8EhVlkWNonQL8jhieNx4x64HP3vwu1LUNbudbn8RWg1CbU7HURs01hErWqOirtMxJDbwT83 Y+vFjwh8MZvCHiO11C31uO4s7ayl0+O3ksyJPJedpxmQSYLhmxnYAQPugnNAFjxb8UNN8PWu rNp4tNUu9KSKS7t1vVQhXlaIgYDHejhdykDAdeckA9RJ4l0GHS4dUl1vTU0+Z9kV210gidue FfOCflbgHsfSuL8TfC+81688UNDr0Fra+Ivsn2iN7AyPF9nA27WEqjkjnKnrj3qne/Bs3l/d XT63Gwl1O8vkha1kVdt0myWJzHMjMMKmCGXowIYNgAHYeO/FE3gzwnc69FYR3yWzoJYWuDCd rMEyp2Nk7mXg44zzxgyeG9fvPEPmXSWlj/ZIykV5b3xm8+RcB9i+Wv7sP5ihyQW2ZC4YGs/x L4IfXvh1F4Qt7+CxhEUELyrbNINkW0gIpkyvKL95m4yOSc1Y8LeFrzwxeXqRanA+kXGJItNi tDGlrMQPMMRMjbY2be3l4wu4YI53AGPo/wAWNE1TXNQtpLvSrPTLWWWCO8uNViV5nTZyIj/y zbc+1wxz5ZyBkCusj8S6DM8yRa3prvDb/apVW6QlIdobzG54TaynceMEHvXB/wDCrNY/6GWx /wCRg/4SH/kEv/x8f3f9f/q/br/tVc0z4Vw6N4nGradqUcMFvcXl5YWn2QbYJriNI2DFWAaJ QnyooQjONxxQB1lt4s8N3m37L4g0qfdKkA8q9jbMj52JwfvNtbA6nBx0rP8AGfim88L/ANjf ZdMgvf7T1CPTx5t2YfLkk+4eI3yvDZPUcYBzxw//AAov/iR/2b/wkf8AzCv7N8z7D/0+/at+ PM/4BjPvntXaeK/CmpeJrfQVXVrS1n0u9i1B3Ni0izTRj5cL5oKpktkZJ5HzDHIBz+r/ABXm 0d/sl1o1pDqEGpxadfRT6iUit/OUvDMJREQ0TIrMSQrLjBXvWpovxETWtRsNLhtrFNSuIkup I21JdggcuVMfy+Y8hiVZdhjTCsNzKcA59/8AC+8vryLUzr0H9rtqsOqXVy9gSkrQArBEsYlG yNVZgclmbOS1WLv4WWc/i+PWLe++y2Iu7K8exjtwMSWkbxxKjAgJHhhldpPy8EZ4AK8PxQvJ Li5059Bgi1eK7WJIHvyYZoTdfZDKsgiJGJ+CrKp2/MM9Kpv8Ypra18SC88PRxahpDgQWi3xJ v1WWSOZ4iYwSkflOxIU4CnO3Brcb4efbbHTF1PUIJr7TdbbV7e5t7PysbpjNJEQzudrFm6MO iEg7fmy7r4TG/M13dapaNqj29/bpdJZSKqLdSM7Hy/PIJUS3Kjn/AJaqTnZyAdJF4ySPwXpP iC/svLm1P7OLextp1d5HnIEaKz+WC2GBPTGG5IGaz9S8caxp+vQaV/wik8nmSwWn2gTOI3uJ YpJP3Z8r54U8vDycFQSdhxgl/wCCLyTwX4c0qO6gur/w/d2lzbOwNtFN5B2hX4kK5jJGRn5s HgcVuG11BtZTXmaQwJpjRJpBt4fPWZmDtibdgEhVQru2EqDnjNABp3iMa1olxe6ZZSSXcNxJ aSWU00avFMj7GWRlZgoH3iRuO0ggMSAeLufjB5Wk288WheddSy6gq4u8W0sdnGXkkim2EyKw ACnYATuBI25PSeGfC99ouiaqou47XVNT1O41KRoj58UTu+VQblQsm1VDfdJy2CvBHN3nwf8A tVq0i67s1Oa71C5nmNpmFvtkXlSKse8MuFC7SXbkHOcgAA2NV+JNnY/8Im1rBBP/AMJBLbKL eW7EdzBHPjZJ5QDblHzAnIGQACc8Zel/Fea88QLpNxo1os/9sPpEkFpqJnuFZQSZxEYlJgBH L5GACccYqO6+D/l6na3Wka79njt5dOuBHd2nnlpLONo4/mV0+UqRuGM5GQQOKsWPwvvI7yNr /XoJ7UeID4heOCwMTtcYOFDGVgI8442k9tw60Ad5eatpun3Frb3uoWltPdvsto5plRpmyBhA TljlgMD1HrXP+DvG8Pii41awuI7Sy1TTb2a1ks47wTM6xlQZQCqtsLNjO3t+FZ/xA+HM3jg4 i12TTo5LcQTxCAusm2QOjHa6Fip3ABy6jeSoVssc+H4QQy38lzqWsyTCZ9RnlS2txDma9Ty5 CpZnwixgBVOTuySxHygA7SHxZ4buPs/keINKl+0ymCDZext5sg25RcH5m+deBz8w9RUlt4l0 G9uLa3tNb02ee6QvbxxXSM0ygsCUAOWAKOCR/dPoa4O2+D/kaTcL/bv/ABNzLp8tpfJaYS2a zjEcTCIud7Fd+dzbTuyFGObh+E2nw+LIdXs7iNbSN7J1srhZnEbWq7IyjLMgzsAGZFkwcnox FAHolFFFABRRRQAUUUUAFFFFABRRRQAUUUUAFFFFABRRRQAUUUUAFFFFABRRRQAUUUUAFFFF AHL+M/FN54X/ALG+y6ZBe/2nqEenjzbsw+XJJ9w8RvleGyeo4wDnjj5fjjZjSrHUYtDnaF9P GoXqtOFaGP7ULYiPg+Y2/ccHYCoHIJwO08Val4X0q40q48RWscs5uNmnyNpz3LJMSCAhVGKu SAQOCdvGccXIfCfhu3+z+R4f0qL7NKZ4NllGvlSHbl1wPlb5F5HPyj0FAHB3Pjqbw94n8ayT Wd3cSWlxYxCF9SL28cbxu5kRPL3xgRqXkCLIcgnG1S1aFl8UJr7xPa6NB4bu5wUs/ts9pIbh bZriPzAwZFKNEuVBcuuckqrBTWxHo/gXWfEGrWQ0LRrnVLJ0e/8AM01CwaUF1JZkwxYZOQT7 1uXWhaPfajBqN5pVjcX0G3ybma3R5I9p3LtYjIwSSMdDQBX1DWfM8JX+r+H3g1ORLSaW08g+ ck0iK2FGw/N8wxgHPbrXm9jqd5Zad4A1rTtdvtT1PXruOLULea7M8c0cgLXDLCDtj8lhgFAo QcNnmvVNKg0220u3TR4rSLTym+BbRVWIq3zZXbxg5zkdc5rk9W0Dw34P1bUPHLX8+jLJ5f8A aDW8EciTZkA5Bid13syhthXOATyN1AHn/h3UdTj8aC1l1jVbe1XxXd2UF7PqE1zEyRAYs5I5 G2DzFY7JMs+4YC8Zrc0XWtTi+LcmmatqF3cwXmp3hsJ7HUo5LYiKEYtpYAMxmNXJONpLlSwf AYdRrlp8PPC+l3Dapo2jQWavFJcRx6YsoQnesbuiISBnzFViMZJAOTiukNho+mSzaqbSxtJI 4n828MaRlYyxkfc/ZSxZzk4ySTzQB5n8MNa1OfxRJpWu6hd3l+LKe8juoNSjurG9RrnY0qqo zGQVVFUHAAf5UJO6TxH4+v7L4j6DBIl9aaRFLfCa2NpJG1yYoWCyGRwsbRkkkYbYqhZJGGcR 9x4bu/DV3PfjQraC2uoPKhvIfsTWsyBUHlB0ZVbaE4XIxgEDoay9T8X+ALs2U2o3em3YkSZY JpLfzljiaT7PIxfaRHEzfJvYhG9SKAOfb4w3I02xZPDEk2qXlxcQx2ENy8jKYIleRHCxGRZQ zbNhjxwWLBMMeg0/x82p+Irqxi0eS1sNPt4J9Sur+4WB7QTQPMu6MgjChVVssCCx4IBNdBJ4 a0GbS4dLl0TTX0+F98Vo1qhiRueVTGAfmbkDufWiTw1oMzwvLommu8Nv9liZrVCUh2lfLXjh NrMNo4wSO9AHj+oeL9VuNU8L6aP7Ss7y11jTTqkj3kkZZ73fO1t5PQxKBtG85UKFwRknpNO+ MH9qWOo3NtoWPJ0qbWLRZLvHnW8UzxOJCEPlyfJkKN4OcFh1rY1zWPh7eS6xd69Z2NxNoflQ 30l7pTO8AdiIwN0ZLKSSRtyOc9Dmukh0nQY7jUreDT9NWe9QPfxpCgadXLgGUAZYMfMGWzn5 vegDj9T1PX7/AOBSammp2mna1c6ZBL9se5WJCX25O9lVUd1OB0Cs4AbgNXL6d8U77RYZYDol 3cTtcX6zxajrHmNavZwq0kSOsR3J5YTDEks5fcT99vXP7P0vTNH+zxadBHYWv75ba3tcqpVv MBSNBywYbhtGd3TmvL/ENx8LriDwtrt7qn2XRo/P/syyh01TaS4fE+6IwMeTgHOOmVwctQBu WXxVXVPE9rpmmeHdSurSRLNp7lEYtbi5j8xGZVVkCKCgYs6nltoYKTXP+LfGupeJPg7q3iSw tbvSLeN4pNNu7fUGWWT/AEloXDqm3aQozty6/OMElePSHtvDOr29p4ouLPTZ0S3S6g1G6t1D RRAeYrh3GUAzu7Y5PFSTeE/Ddx9o8/w/pUv2mUTz77KNvNkG7DtkfM3ztyefmPqaAOb8V/ET TPBoOl2fl6hqFpb+ZJayXUhkVFjZwCwWR2cqhbLDAA3O67l38noHxBe0+IWpuVvrrRNYu9Ki to7i8Zns3u7dpV2xtuXaWzuAYbcDAYAAdhcJ8NrHWP8AhGptL0OO6mlhD2/9nJ5fmsrmJXYJ sWQr5m1WIYgnA+bnpLPw1oOnPA9jomm2rwO7wtBaohjZ1CuVwOCygAkdQADQBj+IfGjaJ4q0 jRI9Pjm+3uivcS3SxLGXfaqgYOXKrIwDbA/llULN8o4Pwt8QX8M6nr2maut9fWI1XVvslw94 1xNElpGkhiIk/h2Zwd5yxwQPvV65JpOmzapDqkun2j6hCmyK7aFTKi88K+MgfM3APc+tc/rV p4I8H6XDqeo6NptnZ2lwJI5YdMDiCVtvzjy0JQkog3cchRnOKAOP1H4uX03gXxBqNppEdrqG n29pIf8AS/MVEu4g0Mikx/M6s43IVA4+8elbnxcur+z+FF/qEVxPYalb/Z5A9jdyJsdpERgH XaXXDMOQM8HAIGOsj8NaDDpc2lxaJpqafM++W0W1QRO3HLJjBPyryR2HpUl1oWj32nQadeaV Y3FjBt8m2mt0eOPaNq7VIwMAkDHQUAcX42vJtN8T+G72z1i7UTa7Bp92sVyXWMPGSIDb8IQ+ dxdsyLuBXcNoU8OaXD4V8S65eXvi7WbrSbG3htnk1rUg0Udw53uDuAAIRrfDdP3rDJOQO0TQ tHjvLW8j0qxS6tIhBbTLboHhjAICI2MquCRgccmpLnSdNvbe5t7vT7SeC6cPcRywqyzMAoBc EYYgIgBP90egoA4uPws4+JUhTxL4juLVrS4uryzk1JlhiMzbIVQLghcC4I2nKmJDkcbuD8Me ONV1P4YXWj3DXZvodCu9U/tOXUpFuJAkswVoygJIV0jU73QkE4VlHPuk1hZ3H2jz7SCX7TEI J98YbzYxuwjZ+8vztwePmPqay5PBfhWZIUl8NaM6QpsiVrCIhF3FsL8vA3MxwO5J70AeV6bc +Im1r4ZrNNOFv9Pnm2jXrpxfOkAmQzgqNnztk438HbyqgH0TwF4wufGul3WpvpcdnZpcNBbS pO8gugv3pF3RoQmeAeuQwIUjnQk8F+FZkhSXw1ozpCmyJWsIiEXcWwvy8DczHA7knvVfw1J4 Ui1TV9M8PWNpZXlk8aX8UFgbYgndsz8ihwQGIIyMHI4IyAcnp3xg/tSx1G5ttCx5OlTaxaLJ d4863imeJxIQh8uT5MhRvBzgsOtdB4G8df8ACYNfQS6d9hurSK1uGVJ/ORo7iISx4bap3AZB GMDHBOeNxvDWgsl6jaJppS/cPeKbVMXDBiwMnHzkMScnPJzUlnoWj6feG8stKsba6MSwGaG3 RHMagBU3AZ2gKoA6DaPSgDh9Glc/E6+0UazfXWmX3h+O9iIvWmFwWkKtOsgI8hvmwFhAQghh twFGf4S8V3Fv8Bob+61rdrsmn6jNavdziSaV4mlOQHJL7QF9cADPFekRaFo8P27ytKsY/wC0 M/bdtug+05znzOPnzubrn7x9ajs/DWg6c8D2OiabavA7vC0FqiGNnUK5XA4LKACR1AANAHlf w8vr/WBq+kXut30qi00u4tYZtSkjeeeayMrp5/MqqWXeQh42nA27lOx4W8QJrfwctFvfFs9t qH9nvc3d2Av2xLaOVlldVBZvuoyCXBOcNjdxXeR+GtBh0ubS4tE01NPmffLaLaoInbjlkxgn 5V5I7D0om8NaDcoEn0TTZUFutqFe1RgIVYMsfI+4GAIXoCAaAPDNQ1zVItA0q1s/GV9qNjP/ AG5cxTR3mJ1SG3L2yyyoQ5YAiQq2MbwrL8oAktPGPiO88U6Vdzaxdl/tvh+2MavtiaO6tXec NEMIxZjncRkYG0jAr2v/AIRPw3/Z39nf8I/pX2HzfP8As32KPy/Mxt37cY3Y4z1xVyTSdNm1 SHVJdPtH1CFNkV20KmVF54V8ZA+ZuAe59aAPN/CGpW2leL9ea8+IUmoWdpbrHfR6pOkYS9Ez LK0aNgxRKSigKChMoAYlAB1njPxTeeF/7G+y6ZBe/wBp6hHp4827MPlySfcPEb5XhsnqOMA5 4uR+C/CsKTJF4a0ZEmTZKq2EQDruDYb5eRuVTg9wD2q5qehaPrflf2tpVjf+Tny/tdukuzOM 43A4zgdPQUAefyfFLXToer6xb+C/MtdIle3vkOpDzY5o/L8xQqxsCoMjEMDjbGzHbwD1Eni/ 7N4Q1DxHd2sENpBLILZjdfJNCJNiTFiowr/fAQOSpXbvZgp2H0LR5Ly6vJNKsXuruIwXMzW6 F5oyACjtjLLgAYPHAqx9gs/7O/s77JB9h8ryPs3ljy/Lxt2bem3HGOmKAPO1+K1zPpdlc2vh +Np5tdOgzRT3jwiOc42MMw7ihHXcqMp42miy+JN9r1/4EOmadHBaa+9w83nXHzKIEdZY8CM8 BtrqwILbcEICTXYQeC/CtrcRXFv4a0aGeJw8ckdhErIwOQQQuQQec1JD4T8N2/2fyPD+lRfZ pTPBsso18qQ7cuuB8rfIvI5+UegoAPC2tS+IfDlpqs1tBbST78xQXiXSLtdl4lT5W6Z46Zx1 FbFV7Gws9Ms47OwtILS1jzshgjEaLkknCjgZJJ/GrFABRRRQAUUUUAFFFFABRRRQAUUUUAFF FFABRRRQAUUUUAFFFFABRRRQAUUUUAFFFFAHD/EfTNW1T/hGf7K0qe++wa3BqFx5UsSbY4s5 H7x1yx3cAccHJHGdDSr7xddz3t9qOmwWFjDLILfTNiS3dxGEG1vOE/lqzNn5SMDGN38VdRRQ B4/ZeHPEen+LbHxG+g6rdXGp6fPBryC7tUaEu25Vt3WVG+V14ZnYrGUUEFcLT0Xw98SLXSbi zvzrMr3mhTq0h1cM0WorNK0DBzLuQFBGp2Hadw3A/MR7ZRQB5m/h3xHafDfwr/ZUWpQa1oj2 7zab/aO37YqsBLEziQpsONy53bVG0KMlRh3nhLx6ngnUIEvNcutdt5RZafNFq5i82JZ3kN0/ 74D50cR7G3Mvlr2Py+0UUAeH+LvCHirVpfGottE1WddZisRp/nalEyQBGWWZHVp+MOWC7QwG WCkKefQPB0HiXTrPX7LU4J5fJ1Cd9IkvLtZBLbMSYkMgLycEHJcEgMMZxgdhRQB5nYeEtfv9 W8T3jLHpNlql7bzLa6jEt3JOiQlZElMcufKLlSqeYQAjLtCMQ3nkPwo8bf8ACOW9jLYQGS60 o6btE0Y+xkagtxulO871K7iDGCeilcjJ+j6KAOL8faVrWrXHhyLRhqSompxtqEtpfm2VbTI8 xWxIpYngjAJG1sEZ5w/AFh4+0zWtPPiNL6a0n0oxXjS3kcyxXSTOI2xvJGYQgJQHczAtltzD 1CigDxfxN4e8ZT6x45utF0jVYLjVZbE6dd22oQwY8hdkhfEwbaylsAg9QSARwa94d8YvrHi2 /wBL0nXGn1GK1GlP/bflrbHaTMrhblfutI+1fmQNnA2nn2iigDD8OQ3emeDrOK4g1Ke8t7ci RLuZHuJ5BnJLGV1Bc8geZgBgMgDjj/CXhrXLP4MReFr/AEyS2vGdrO5Rpom/0eaf97IjKxGV ikcjPO5fukYz6ZRQBx/xQ0XVNf8Ah/qNhoizvqT7BEkNz5O8FgHVjuUMpQvlW4PpnFc/4a0b xzb+O47q9lvo9IEty0gur8TI1q0UQtoQm9v3yMG3vgbsMfMfdz6hRQB53rHgIax8Q7fV4YLu 0t4r21vb6V7iPZdyQRuITEgVnyCwVtxjGBwGJ3CP4iaJ4p1bXrBvD/8AasVvHp94LiS21M28 bzGJvsw2iVTuEmMnbjDKCSAQPSKKAOD8BW/jCy1bU4vEkd29pcW9pcQyy3EcqpceSv2lRhiy gyEkKBsG07cAjPB6z4V+JWtx61o91aTvY6lEkQeW/SWFJku1cTZaQsFMQJPlxxjJAEQ2iveK KAPG9Q0D4kSaCkcE2pGD7bqLw2aakFu4onjIs/Mm3jcEkyzDzW4ZfvYwuhH4S8dJq1yja7ds JrKG9S7N6/kR6gkMkbQhN2fKaWRZz8gTCBNhHA9UooA4P4ZaZ4o0yyu08S3GpSO6QMkd6ySC OQJtk2SCeV2BIBO7YATlVGSB5ppWpapq11qln/aHivUdfuYr2OytbPUvKjtZUlfE0486Nkxm NQGhhXAwIyTX0PRQB4nP4V+JEdrpjadfays8llFuW61UOLO/WWESySfOfMgaONyE/eYLt8i5 xWpr+ieObPxpPc6T/at5pEuq2F8qQ6mAEgQSfaIdssq43MykIPkIwMjAA9YooA8X0/RPiVY6 m1zZf2rFHcXeoxKl9qaXIt7d40+xsyvK4+STcWK7nwrD5gQDY8BaX4y8M69fXN54Zvrr+1f7 OiuLm61SF2i8uIpPKxMjs3zklVHVePlwBXsFFABRRRQAUUUUAFFFFABRRRQBTn1bTbW4lt7j ULSGeK3N1JHJMqskIODIQTkIDxu6UR6tps2qTaXFqFo+oQpvltFmUyovHLJnIHzLyR3HrXmf iPUddtdW1TUXuNVtbyz0rVfIaPTw1tbbJIpINspiKN5sUOW3M2DlRsbC1YudK1241i5tdLnv rO4ju724s4JLUC2sZHVylyLho2WbzGd90eWKi6IAUw5oA9QqOaeG2QPPLHEhdUDOwUFmYKo5 7liAB3JArze4vPGE1vqN9Jfazp9otvJfWsVtp0dxcYmCC3gMZh+Z0ZJi6ZBUSRgyMMsNCBNX 117GzvJdSjlj1O7ubp5bQJFbrGrJFHETHtlCvLDLG7qd/lM5wV2AA7iCeG6t4ri3ljmglQPH JGwZXUjIII4II5zUc1/Z2/2jz7uCL7NEJ598gXyozuw7Z+6vyNyePlPoa8/0HXPEuoWui3U0 9891cxWDxwJZKbS5gkiiaeaSUR4SQFrghfMT/Vx4Q7vnNA0/U9G1/WrzxLpMEsc1paXFxc2Y mvDNcC4nZdiCEMdm5QB8xjSOHlhyoB6BY39nqdnHeWF3Bd2smdk0EgkRsEg4YcHBBH4VYrzu xk1q3uoTY/2lNHfawsjzT2hgnuoFigR5Ji0OyILtddhSFpFjUo27Jk2NBtfEjazJ/aWsXb2m nvLAUeCEC+LMXikyIlICROikqQGkVhgBCZADrKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKK KACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigA ooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKAK91YWd95H2y0gu PIlWeHzow/lyL911z0YZOCORViiigAqvfWFnqdnJZ39pBd2smN8M8YkRsEEZU8HBAP4UUUAW KKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACiiigAooooAKKKKACii igD/2Q== --------------070609070409090708030501-- From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 18135 invoked from network); 31 Mar 2002 22:02:05 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO murphys-inbound.services.quay.plus.net) (212.159.14.225) by excalibur-qfe1-smtp-plusnet.harl.plus.net with SMTP; 31 Mar 2002 22:02:05 -0000 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Received: (qmail 12407 invoked from network); 31 Mar 2002 22:02:11 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO post.thorcom.com) (212.172.148.70) by murphys.services.quay.plus.net with SMTP; 31 Mar 2002 22:02:11 -0000 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16ros7-0007uR-00 for rsgb_lf_group-outgoing@blacksheep.org; Mon, 01 Apr 2002 00:36:27 +0100 Received: from mailhost.netscapeonline.co.uk ([194.201.52.152]) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 3.33 #2) id 16ros6-0007uM-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 01 Apr 2002 00:36:26 +0100 Received: from ldsas14-78-129-40.cw-visp.com ([212.137.129.40] helo=netscapeonline.co.uk) by mailhost.netscapeonline.co.uk with esmtp (Exim 3.34 #1) id 16rn8f-00023W-00 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sun, 31 Mar 2002 21:45:45 +0000 Message-ID: <3CA77818.8D54FADE@netscapeonline.co.uk> Date: Sun, 31 Mar 2002 21:56:56 +0100 From: "gii3kev" Organization: Netscape Online member X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.6 [en-gb]C-CCK-MCD NetscapeOnline.co.uk (Win95; I) X-Accept-Language: en-GB,en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: "rsgb rsgb" Subject: LF: RU6LWZ Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group Sender: 2125Z RU6LWZ very strong 579 on loudspeaker !! Good signal for a normal CW QSO Distance about 2835 kms de G3KEV/IO94SH