From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Renato Romero" <reromero@tin.it>
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Subject: LF: Radio Waves below 22 kHz
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The web site "RADIO WAVES below 22 kHz",
on VLF- ELF reception has moved to:
http://web.tiscalinet.it/vlfradio.
With the OPEN LAB project the site is now opened to external
collaborations.
We will accept and publish studies on the argument of VLF/ELF
monitoring.
A message board to exchange infos on those arguments has been opened.
Any
contribution is welcome, expecially to signal particular listening
conditions, news,
geomagnetic phaenomena, and so on.

73, IK1QFK Renato ROMERO
reromero@tin.it









From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Steve Olney" <ollaneg@zeta.org.au>
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Subject: LF: Re: Radio Waves below 22 kHz
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G'day Renato,

Message board - another valuable addition to your excellent site.  Great
work!!!  Thanks.

Have posted a message to the message board.

Regards Steve




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: =?iso-8859-1?Q?V=E4in=F6_Lehtoranta?= <vaiski@dlc.fi>
Subject: LF: Signal Strength Measurements by OH2LX
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Measurements of UK Decca's and some other stations :
----------------------------------------------------------
Day ------------------   25Feb  26Feb  27Feb  28Feb  29Feb
                          FRI    SAT    SUN    MON    TUE  
Time, UTC ------------   2140-  2305-  2215-  2145-  2145-
----------------------------------------------------------
kHz    Ch   *d,km  AZI*     *Indicated ESH2 input, dBmW*
----------------------------------------------------------
127.8 (6C),  1435, 280,   -107   -107   -109   -101   -105
----------------------------------------------------------
126.7 (2A),  1565, 269,   -112   -105   -112   -104   -104
----------------------------------------------------------
128.5 (8E),  1766, 276,   -110   -104   -107   -100   -104  
----------------------------------------------------------
127.0 (3B),  1871, 257,   -109   -107   -109   -107   -104
----------------------------------------------------------
127.5 (5B),  1890, 247,   -104   -104   -109   -103   -101
----------------------------------------------------------
128.2 (7D),  2060, 267,   -120   -121   -117   -122   -112
----------------------------------------------------------
126.4 (1B),  2282, 253,   -116   -112   -117   -115   -110
----------------------------------------------------------
kHz    Ch   *d,km  AZI*     *Indicated ESH2 input, dBmW*
----------------------------------------------------------
128.93 ref,  1553, 228,    -80    -81    -85    -77    -81
----------------------------------------------------------
138.83 ref,  1221, 226,    -79    -83    -89    -81    -82
----------------------------------------------------------
135.8  SXV   2490, 182,   -106   -107   -107   -107   -101
       
----------------------------------------------------------
137.0  CFH*  5750, 295,   -130   -129   -133   -127   -132
----------------------------------------------------------
* CFH moderately strong on the 28th, peaking at 2215z -119
  (Equal to *Record-S* of CFH: 13Feb, 2208z = 119 dBuW)
  (On the morning of 23Feb 0505z was: -117 dBuW)
----------------------------------------------------------
25Feb 1933: OH7OL  -128; 2048: -128; 2107: -129
25Feb 2020: OH1BS  -105
25Feb 2021: SM6PXJ -124
25Feb 2033: OH1LT  -127
25Feb 2039: OZ8NJ  -129
25Feb 2147: G3KEV  -127; 2153: -127
26Feb 2329: OH1BS  -109
27Feb 1807: G3KEV  -135; 1951: -132
27Feb 1952: OH1BS  -113
27Feb 2236: SM6PXJ -121
28Feb 2218: MM0ALM -117; 2222: -117
28Feb 2238_ OH1BS  -112: 2259: -113; 2304: -111..-107(f)
28Feb 2248: I5MXX  -127
28Feb 2301: OH5UFO -107
29Feb 2112: OH1BS  -107
29Feb 2154: MM0ALM -119; 2218: -119
29Feb 2218: SM6PXJ -121..-119(f); 2226: -116(max)
----------------------------------------------------------
(R&S ESH2/---- 10m coax---/1:10/---15m wire-----):
Noise level with antenna: with 200Hz IF BandWidth: 
-25..-22 dB(uV), -132..-129dBmW (varies w qrm etc)
----------------------------------------------------------
End of message of 1 Mar 2000, 0705 UTC, from OH2LX




----------------------------------------------------------
V.K.Lehtoranta, OH2LX, POBox 50, FIN-05401 Jokela, Finland
------ Tel: +358-9-4173965 ---- Fax: +358-9-4173961 ------
E-mail: vaiski@dlc.fi - alias: oh2lx@dlc.fi & oh2lx@sral.fi


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Soegiono, Gamal" <soegiono@nm.hsd.utc.com>
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Subject: LF: Decca
Date: Wed, 1 Mar 2000 08:25:05 +0100
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Dear Vaino,

just see your regular Decca FS measurements.

Recognize that you "only" have measured the
green channels. As far as I understand the working
of Decca as a system, it consists of purple, master,
red, orange and green channels. The orange channel
being not relevant for navigation purpose, instead for
identification (?) and system status information (?).

Do you have some more detailled info?

My main concern is, how can one identify a specific
station by other means as measuring frequency and
look-up table.

Are the purple, master, red and green channels
purley unmodulated CW signals?

In the past I did monitor Decca on rare occasions
once to put up a list of receiveable signals (now
years ago). As my receiver is in repair I cannot
confirm this myself at the moment.

best 73 de Gamal







From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: =?iso-8859-1?Q?V=E4in=F6_Lehtoranta?= <vaiski@dlc.fi>
Subject: Re: LF: Decca
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Gamal,

At 08:25 1.3.2000 +0100, you wrote:
>
>GS> just see your regular Decca FS measurements.
>
There was no need to measure other than *Green* freq's.
It is a miracle that all 7 Green freqs have been
possible to measure day after day. A lot of QRM.
I'll produce a summary of measurements after 31st March
when the Decca story is completely finished - for ever.
>
>GS> Recognize that you "only" have measured the
>GS> green channels. As far as I understand the working
>GS> of Decca as a system, it consists of purple, master,
>GS> red, orange and green channels. The orange channel
>GS> being not relevant for navigation purpose, instead for
>GS> identification (?) and system status information (?).
>
>Q> Do you have some more detailled info?
>
Decca format is so complicated that to explain how
it works would cover several pages. Also, the format
went thru a couple of large modifications in the past.
>
>Q> My main concern is, how can one identify a specific
>GS> station by other means as measuring frequency and
>GS> look-up table.
>
The five frequencies are *channelized*, so is receiver.
>
>Q> Are the purple, master, red and green channels
>GS> purley unmodulated CW signals?
>
Yes, plain carriers without modulation.
>
>GS> In the past I did monitor Decca on rare occasions
>GS> once to put up a list of receiveable signals (now
>GS> years ago). As my receiver is in repair I cannot
>GS confirm this myself at the moment.
>
In January, after Scandinavian Deccas were shut down,
Matti, OH2BDQ telephoned me and asked whether I understand
what are all those remaining (Decca) signals. I said that
tried to monitor and measure them, but don't understand.
Matti is in charge of local Decca station at Mantsala and
has been working with them most of his adult life.
Mainly, the short *extra peep's* make it complicated
as they are transmitted in apparently random manner.

73 de Vaino

----------------------------------------------------------
V.K.Lehtoranta, OH2LX, POBox 50, FIN-05401 Jokela, Finland
------ Tel: +358-9-4173965 ---- Fax: +358-9-4173961 ------
E-mail: vaiski@dlc.fi - alias: oh2lx@dlc.fi & oh2lx@sral.fi


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Subject: LF: Re: Solar flares
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Thought this might be of interest to the group:
"
A Twisted Tale of Sunspots: Like a double-barreled ray gun, 
two magnetically complex sunspots near the Sun's central 
meridian are pointed toward our planet. If solar flares erupt 
from these regions, Earth could be in for stormy space weather.   
FULL STORY at 

http://spacescience.com/headlines/y2000/ast29feb_1.htm 

"
John, G4CNN





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From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "john sexton" <computernetworks@excite.com>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: LF: Re: Low loss inductors
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On Sat, 26 Feb 2000 14:00:10 GMT
"Andy Talbot" wrote:

>For an estimate of losses : 
>
>Skin depth of copper at 137kHz is approximately 0.18mm      From    D = 503

>SQRT(Resistivity / Freq / uo) 
>For Cu    Resistivity = 1.7E-8 Ohms / m,   and uo (magnetic permeability) =
1 
>Diameter of centre conductor = 2.5mm  (near enough anyway) 
>so cross sectional area of conducting path is 
>0.18mm * 2.5mm =  0.45E-6  m^2 
>
>RF Resist   =   Resisivity * Length / Area       =   1.7E-8  *  370m  / 
>0.45E-6m^2    =    14 ohms. 
>
>For a quick estimate assume the braid losses are a lot less than the centre

>conductor as they have a much larger surface area, so can be ignored 
>(that may not necessaily be the case) and we can also ignore 
dielectric losses (a reasonable assumption at these freqs)  so Q =  Xl / R 
>=     1722 / 14 =  123   
>Which is about what I got on my 5mH conventional coil of 1.5mm wire,  
300mm 
>diameter and 400mm long.

You forgot a Pi in the calculation of the cross sectional area. The
circumference is Pi D, not just D. Therefore cross sectional area is approx.
1.41E-6 m^2
and RF Resist = 1.7E-8 * 370m / 1.41E-6m^2 = 4.46 ohms.
So Q = 1722/4.46 = 386, which is somewhat better than your conventional
coil.

John, G4CNN






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From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Subject: Re: LF: Re: Low loss inductors
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In a message dated 3/1/00 2:29:31 PM Eastern Standard Time,  
computernetworks@excite.com writes:

<< So Q = 1722/4.46 = 386, which is somewhat better than your conventional 
coil. >>

If someone actually performs such a measurement (I hope someone can; math is 
wonderful and theory is indispensible, but the only way to see if theory is 
being applied correctly is to test a hypothesis under controlled, repeatable 
conditions) I think we'll find it to be significantly worse, not better.  For 
one thing, the DC resistance of the center conductor will be found to be 
somewhat greater than 4.46 ohm in practice, and effective resistance at RF is 
invariably higher than for DC.  For another, as I believe Rik ON7YD has 
already pointed out, dielectric loss cannot be dismissed as insignificant at 
these frequencies, considering the lengths of cable involved and the 
additional loss that results from operating under deliberately-induced high 
SWR conditions.

73,
John


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Thanks to James M0BMU for publishing the results of measurements of UR67
coaxial cable at 100 kHz.  The very low Q readings are convincing
evidence that using coaxial cable for LF inductive stubs would be rather
inefficient.  I can confirm that well made loading coils can have a Q of
at least 300 at 180 kHz.

The tests also verify that the use of coaxial cable with open circuit
far end (as a capacitor) would be high Q at LF, however there are not
many LF transmitting applications where the voltage rating would be
sufficient.  For a loaded vertical antenna, the voltage on the "upwire"
(at the "hot" of a loading coil) can be rather high.  For a given
antenna capacitance it is generally better to add more turns to the
inductor to resonate the antenna, rather than add parallel capacitance
(added capacitance draws some reactive current, but does not assist
radiation).  The inductor can be wound to have fairly high volts per
turn, so the whole inductor can withstand much higher RF voltage than
could a capacitor made of coaxial cable.  If a given loading coil does
not quite have enough inductance to resonate with the antenna, it would
be better to add more wire to the top loading.

Bob ZL2CA



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Larry Kayser" <kayser@king.igs.net>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: LF: DCF39
Date: Wed, 1 Mar 2000 18:35:43 -0500
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Greetings All:

DCF39 was not visible at all last night, 31/1st.  Was it possibly off the
air?

DCF39 has returned to regular spot tonight although the signal is weaker
than usual.

Larry
VA3LK





From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Dave Sergeant" <sergeantd@compuserve.com>
To: "rsgb_lf_group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
References: <004301bf83d8$1ef831e0$0a00a8c0@server1.ThreeLakes.ca>
Subject: LF: Re: DCF39
Date: Thu, 2 Mar 2000 06:36:16 -0000
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>From Dave G3YMC

VA3LK wrote:

Greetings All:

>DCF39 was not visible at all last night, 31/1st.  Was it possibly off the
air?

>DCF39 has returned to regular spot tonight although the signal is weaker
than usual.

>Larry
>VA3LK

Perhaps it was suffering leap year withdrawal symptoms (or there is a long
time delay in your message) - I think you meant 29/2.
As far as I am aware DCF39 has not been off, but there again when you say
'night' that is usually after we in the UK have gone to bed.  However there
are occassional big dips in its signal in Europe, and it has been known to
be off for short periods.

73s Dave
dsergeant@iee.org
http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/sergeantd







From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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An X-class (biggest) solar flare occurred this morning at about 
0830UTC, with an M-class flare just afterwards. The A index is still 
low at about 20 - it was over 50 when Larry had the good reception 
of DCF39 last month - but will probably climb. Expect good 
conditions in the next few days.


Mike, G3XDV (IO91VT)
http://www.dennison.demon.co.uk/activity.htm



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Larry Kayser" <kayser@king.igs.net>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: LF: Re: Flare and more flares
Date: Thu, 2 Mar 2000 08:49:52 -0500
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Greetings All:


>An X-class (biggest) solar flare occurred this morning at about
>0830UTC

from Mike, G3XDV

A second flare event a 1338 utc has occurred a few minutes ago, the
magnitude is unknown as yet.

I have the RX on and will check every hour for DCF39 using a new resonant
loop antenna I have just put up two days ago.  It is tuned to 138.83.  If
DCF39 goes way up I will switch resonant plug ins to 137.77 and start
phoning those for whom I have phone numbers.  The new antenna has cut
Loran-C interference way down, I have a hard time seeing Loran-C lines on
the screen now.

Larry
VA3LK






From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Mike Dennison" <mike.dennison@rsgb.org.uk>
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Subject: Re: LF: Re: Flare and more flares
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> A second flare event a 1338 utc has occurred a few minutes ago, the
> magnitude is unknown as yet.
> Larry
> VA3LK

The really useful site at:  http://www.dxlc.com/solar/index.html
says:
Comment added at 08:32 UTC on March 2: A major flare, an 
impulsive X1.1 event, peaked at 08:28 UTC. The source of the flare 
was region 8882. Further major flares are possible, both from region 
8882 and 8891.
Comment added at 09:22 UTC: Region 8886 has been developing 
quickly and produced an impulsive M1.0/1F flare at 08:43 UTC, this 
event may have been triggered by the X1.1/2B flare in region 8882 
some minutes earlier.
Comment added at 13:54 UTC: Region 8882 produced another major 
flare at 13:43 UTC, an impulsive M6.5 event. The X1.1 flare earlier 
today was accompanied by a very fast coronal mass ejection and a 
moderately strong type II sweep. Proton fluxes increased slightly above 
background values. Further major flares from region 8882 could start 
proton events at Earth.


This sounds promising.


Mike, G3XDV (IO91VT)
http://www.dennison.demon.co.uk/activity.htm




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Subject: Re: LF: Re: Flare and more flares
Date: Thu, 2 Mar 2000 21:02:14 -0000
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Mike, Larry etc.

I'll keep an ear on CFH!

Dave G3YXM
> 
> 
> This sounds promising.
> 
> 
> Mike, G3XDV (IO91VT)
> http://www.dennison.demon.co.uk/activity.htm
> 
> 
> 
> 



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Dave" <dave@picks.force9.co.uk>
To: "LF Group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: CFH
Date: Thu, 2 Mar 2000 22:18:43 -0000
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Dear all.

CFH was quite strong at 2130 gmt then faded almost to nothing by 2155.
It is now rising fast at 2215.
Much better than usual at this time.

Dave G3YXM.



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: =?iso-8859-1?Q?V=E4in=F6_Lehtoranta?= <vaiski@dlc.fi>
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CQ LF de Vaino, OH2LX,

2nd March 2000: Monitoring started at 2000 UTC.

SXV 135.8 was weaker than normal, it slowly faded
down with minimum around 2050, while background
noise level increased some 15..20 dB.
SXV slowly returned to normal levels after 2130,
so did the background noise - a bit unusual event
(not easy to know which noise is solar in origin).

CFH was not heard at all, still Nil at 0320 UTC.

Four OH's heard had fade on signals, OH7OL was Nil
he was sending vvv's while we talked on telephone.







At 22:18 2.3.2000 -0000, you wrote:
>Dear all.
>
>CFH was quite strong at 2130 gmt then faded almost to nothing by 2155.
>It is now rising fast at 2215.
>Much better than usual at this time.
>
>Dave G3YXM.

----------------------------------------------------------
V.K.Lehtoranta, OH2LX, POBox 50, FIN-05401 Jokela, Finland
------ Tel: +358-9-4173965 ---- Fax: +358-9-4173961 ------
E-mail: vaiski@dlc.fi - alias: oh2lx@dlc.fi & oh2lx@sral.fi


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Date: Fri, 03 Mar 2000 12:36:28
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From: "Rik Strobbe" <rik.strobbe@fys.kuleuven.ac.be>
Subject: Re: LF: Flares and conditions
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At 09:47 3/03/00 -0000, G3XDV wrote:
>Not sure how much influence the flares had on the conditions (it's 
>easy to see coincidence as evidence), especially as the good 
>conditions Larry experienced last month coincided with a very high 
>A index (50+), a few days =after= the major flares. The A index 
>was 18 on the 1st, and is reported today (from yesterday's data) as 
>down to 12. Nevertheless this is interesting data.

Solar activity (storms -flares) have immediate effects on propagation (as
shortwave blackout or MDE) that are caused by electromagnetic radiation and
delayed effects (as aurora on VHF) that are caused by ionised particles
travelling at much slower speed. The delay can be several days. The fact
that the improved propagation noted by Larry correlates with the A-index
could mean the it are these delayed effects that affect LF propagation.

73, Rik



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Following yesterday's X and M flares, conditions appeared to be 
improved last night.

OH1TN was 559 with me - stronger than normal - and CFH was S7 
from about 2030 (still daylight in Canada) which is much earlier 
than normal. CFH was S9 by the time I went to bed at 2300, but I 
left ON5OO's Eclipse program running overnight. I produced a 
rough graph this morning and found that CFH gradually climbed to 
a peak at about 0230UTC, dipped dramatically about an hour later, 
rapidly recovered, then gradually declined to 0730 and dropped out 
at 0830.

Interestingly, there was a further M class flare at 0215.

I have to run the Eclipse data into a spread sheet to produce a 
proper graph, and I will post the result on my web site tomorrow.

Not sure how much influence the flares had on the conditions (it's 
easy to see coincidence as evidence), especially as the good 
conditions Larry experienced last month coincided with a very high 
A index (50+), a few days =after= the major flares. The A index 
was 18 on the 1st, and is reported today (from yesterday's data) as 
down to 12. Nevertheless this is interesting data.

Mike, G3XDV (IO91VT)
http://www.dennison.demon.co.uk/activity.htm



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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  from  James Moritz 

> Spent a couple of hours on 73kHz on Friday evening; didn't 
> see/hear any other signals - Rugby TX was generating it's usual 
> racket. However, the effort was worth it because my signal was 
> seen by Markus, DF6NM, in Bavaria, as he reported earlier. Great 
> stuff. I intend to keep doing Fridays on 73kHz; I will also try and get 
> on the band on Saturday mornings if time permits -

Congratulations Jim. You have inspired me to go back on to the band. 
I hope to be on tonight, Friday, between 1730 and 1930hrs and 
possibly after  2100hrs



-- 
Regards, Peter, G3LDO

<g3ldo@zetnet.co.uk>







From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Subject: LF: 73kHz this evening
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Dear LF Group,
	I Intend to be on 73kHz this evening - probably won't be home 
much before 2000utc, so will be on the air a little after that. I also 
intend to operate Saturday morning from around 0800 for an hour 
at least, to try to take advantage of lower noise levels that will 
hopefully exist at some QTH's in the morning. I will be using normal 
CW and QRSS.

For the last few days, the Rugby TX has been putting out a carrier 
at about 73.15kHz, and a RTTY - like signal with 100Hz shift and 
73.3kHz centre frequency. I am not sure whether this actually 
reduces the noise level lower down the band, but it does seem to 
be more organised into broad lines, rather than the continuous 
mush it was previously - so this could benefit QRSS signals.

Hope to see you later,

Cheers, Jim Moritz
73 de M0BMU


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Subject: Re: LF: 73kHz this evening
References: <1031.200003031324@gemini>
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What is your exact frequency on 73?

73 de HB2ASB

James Moritz wrote:

> Dear LF Group,
>         I Intend to be on 73kHz this evening - probably won't be home
> much before 2000utc, so will be on the air a little after that. I also
> intend to operate Saturday morning from around 0800 for an hour
> at least, to try to take advantage of lower noise levels that will
> hopefully exist at some QTH's in the morning. I will be using normal
> CW and QRSS.
>
> For the last few days, the Rugby TX has been putting out a carrier
> at about 73.15kHz, and a RTTY - like signal with 100Hz shift and
> 73.3kHz centre frequency. I am not sure whether this actually
> reduces the noise level lower down the band, but it does seem to
> be more organised into broad lines, rather than the continuous
> mush it was previously - so this could benefit QRSS signals.
>
> Hope to see you later,
>
> Cheers, Jim Moritz
> 73 de M0BMU



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Subject: QRG on LF: 73kHz this evening
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Date sent:      	Fri, 03 Mar 2000 15:29:02 -0800
From:           	Toni Baertschi <tonib@phonakcom.ch>
Organization:   	Phonak Communications AG
To:             	rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject:        	Re: LF: 73kHz this evening
Send reply to:  	rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org

> What is your exact frequency on 73?
> 
> 73 de HB2ASB
> 
> James Moritz wrote:
> 
> > Dear LF Group,
> >         I Intend to be on 73kHz this evening - probably won't be home
> > much before 2000utc, so will be on the air a little after that. I also
> > intend to operate Saturday morning from around 0800 for an hour at
> > least, to try to take advantage of lower noise levels that will
> > hopefully exist at some QTH's in the morning. I will be using normal CW
> > and QRSS.

Dear Toni et al,

71.8kHz is the normal frequency +/- 100Hz - will QSY to 72.0 or 
72.2 if more than 1 QSO on the band - but this does not happen 
often!

Hope to see you there,
Cheers, Jim Moritz
73 de M0BMU


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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    The band is so quiet in Co Tyrone that one could hear a pin drop.
Would be ideal for long haul tests if it was available to all of EU. Not
worth the effort for a few local UK contacts.
73 de Mal/G3KEV






From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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The band is very quiet here and the Rugby tx although strong does not
have the whiskers that those in the Midlands and South suffer from. I
just tune across it at times to see what is going on but am not
interested in the band since it is UK only. I think the tx/rx results
from here would be outstanding on 73 khz if I fired up. With the antenna
system at MMOALM he too would achieve good results
on the band if he was interested. Had the band been available to the
rest of EU I could be interested but I understand all operations cease
in June anyway. In the past I have heard some very strong amateur
signals possibly better than I hear them on 136 khz.
73 de Mal/G3KEV






From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: "M. Bruno" <spin@inrete.it>
Subject: Re: LF: CFH
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In 23.21 03/03/00 , hai scritto:
>Dear all.
>
>CFH was quite strong at 2130 gmt then faded almost to nothing by 2155.
>It is now rising fast at 2215.
>Much better than usual at this time.
>
>Dave G3YXM.
>

At my QTH in Nort Italy CFH was about 15 dB over noise on Spectrogram 
at 10 Hz resolution, around 0200z of March 3. 
Is the frequency almost exactly 137.00 ?

I had only a short look to the signal ... about 5 minutes, and no QSB.


73 - Marco IK1ODO

spin@inrete.it

Rivalta, ITALY JN35SA (N 45 01' 25.6", E 7 31' 09.4")




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Date: Fri, 3 Mar 2000 22:55:06 GMT
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From: "Peter Dodd" <g3ldo@zetnet.co.uk>
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Subject: LF: Re: 73kHz and 136kHz QSO with I5TGC
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Set up the station for 73kHz after some time trying to discover the 
resonant point of the antenna after making some changes.
Amplifier and antenna working fine with over one amp antenna current.

Set the station to send slow CW from around 1800 but noticed the 
stability of the oscillator was very poor. Switched off the 
transmitter at 1900 and saw and heard a nice stable signal from M0MBU.

I will not be on 73kHz until I have modified my crystal mixer driver 
for the band!

Retuned the station for 136kHz

Looked for I5TGC at 2000 who came up on 137.710kHz at readability T 
increasing to M during the transmission

Gave Cesare M and received O

Cesare's signal increased to O on the next transmission and remained 
stable for the next period of the transmission

I modified the signal report to O

This signal from a 20mW erp station over a distance of 1150km is 
remarkable. The signal has to go over the Alps - perhaps it used the 
tunnel this time!

If you want to see Cesare's station you will find it on
< http://www.dadacasa.com/i5tgc>

I have recorded this signal - I must get a web site!


-- 
Regards, Peter, G3LDO

<g3ldo@zetnet.co.uk>







From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Larry Kayser" <kayser@king.igs.net>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org, "M. Bruno" <spin@inrete.it>
Subject: Re: LF: CFH
Date: Fri, 3 Mar 2000 22:06:03 -0500
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Marco

>At my QTH in Nort Italy CFH was about 15 dB over noise on Spectrogram
>at 10 Hz resolution, around 0200z of March 3.
>Is the frequency almost exactly 137.00 ?


Yes, CFH is exactly centered on 137.000 kHz.  The pseudo random noise
modulation has no carrier and there is nothing marking the center of the
occupied spectrum so it is necessary to look at the power spectrum and find
the middle which will always be 137.000 kHz.  CFH does on occasion send
other modulation methods, in the last three months I have heard a FAX
transmission on the frequency as well as at least one FSK session as well.

Larry
VA3LK





From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Subject: LF: 71.8kHz: 3 stns seen in Nuremberg
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Hello all,

Thanks to Jim and Mike for their kind answers to my last report. Sri this 
week was busy, so I'm still due to reply.

Last night (3rd to 4th of march) I have seen at least three of you around 
71.8kHz. Impulsive noise was worse than last week, making copy difficult with 
T to M at best. Average noise was around -52dB in 0.4 Hz. "0dB" corresponds 
to -66dBm (S9+7dB) at the rx input, but I cant give absolute levels in dBuV/m 
as the ant is not calibrated on 73k. Times are in UT, and some files have 
been saved on my disk.

21:00.. 71800 -43dB M..T:
 cq M0BMU (several times) slight drift -2 Hz

21:28 71818 -41 dB T:
 cq G3XTZ (?)

2143..2213 71800/71818 T:
 M0BMU - G3XTZ (?) in qso, very difficult hardly copied the contents.

2134..2143 71775 -44dB T:
 (unid) someone calling in qrss, sri couldnt make out the call sign.

2232 71820..71817 -37dB 159 in cw
 (unid) someone in fast cw, no aural copy, might have been O in qrss...

Had spectrogram running overnight from 2300, recorded some activity (BMU 
agn?) around 71800 for another hour or so. The noise stayed up around -52 dB 
all night, but went down to -61dB around 0550 with daylight and has stayed 
low since. The decca or loran lines, invisible in darkness, came out only in 
the lower noise.

After morning coffee, a surprise: amateurs in "near hifi"!

0759 71798 -45dB O:
 cq M0BMU k

0803 71786 -46dB O:
 G3XDV (there you are Mike, fb!)

Both of them seen cq-ing again and again for a while, MBU still now at 0930. 
Signals are nearly the same as in darkness, and the SNR (17dB in .4Hz) is 
really nice in the daytime.

I'd love to try a LF crossband-qso on 71.8 / 137.7 kHz. Hope to get the 
tx-ant on the air again by 1200 UT today. Please give me about a minute to 
switch bands each time.

73s to everybody on 73

Markus, DF6NM in JN59NK


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Dave" <dave@picks.force9.co.uk>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
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Subject: LF: Re: 71.8kHz: 3 stns seen in Nuremberg
Date: Sat, 4 Mar 2000 12:18:48 -0000
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Markus.


> 2232 71820..71817 -37dB 159 in cw
>  (unid) someone in fast cw, no aural copy, might have been O in qrss...
>
That was me! Sorry I didn't put out QRS at that time.
I could hear nothing on RX due to interference from the Rugby LF TX on
73.3kHz which is not far from here.
Next Tuesday is the first Tuesday in March and Rugby may be off for
maintenance in the morning. Worth another listen?

73, Dave G3YXM.




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Toni" <hb9asb@freesurf.ch>
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But we could try Xband QSOs 73/136 (I had already one with G3LDO). May
be June is not the end of the story and one day we can get an additional
allocation on 73 in EU.

73 de Toni, HB2ASB

g3kev schrieb:
> 
>     The band is so quiet in Co Tyrone that one could hear a pin drop.
> Would be ideal for long haul tests if it was available to all of EU. Not
> worth the effort for a few local UK contacts.
> 73 de Mal/G3KEV


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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CFH early morning until 1000 utc a good signal but still audible all day
several db above NF.
SXV solid signal all day also, this is usually the case here.
de G3KEV




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Sat, 4 Mar 2000 12:24:07 -0500
From: "'Geri' Kinzel, DK8KW" <DK8KW@compuserve.com>
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Subject: LF: 73 kHz: now I am curious
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Hello friends,

just returned from a trip to the US (no LF gear ...) and heard about the
successes of Markus, DF6NM in receiving 73 kHz signals from the UK. 

Now I got curious and set up my receiving station for that band as well
(crossband 73/136 should also be possible with my current setup). What is
the best frequency? Is it 71.800 kHz? Currently I am standby in SCW there
and will see, what I can see. Who is QRV when?

Vy 73

Geri, DK8KW (W1KW)
http://www.qru.de
 


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Alan Melia" <Alan.Melia@btinternet.com>
To: "rsgb_lf_group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: CFH Identification
Date: Sat, 4 Mar 2000 09:30:09 -0000
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Hi Marco, another tip from Jon was that around the operator shift-change
time (about 2300z) the mod will usually be killed and the two extreme shift
frequencies applied just long enough for the oncomming operators to read a
frequency counter, before the mod is returned. I have seen this happen at
around 2315z but as early as 2250z

Cheers de Alan G3NYK
Alan.Melia@btinternet.com




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Dave" <dave@picks.force9.co.uk>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
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Subject: LF: Re: 73 kHz: now I am curious
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Geri.

Below 72kHz seems to be quieter for us here due to the QRM from Rugby on
73.3 and all its' sidebands.
If it is quieter with you somewhere else in the band then we could transmit
there..
My problem is that, with the antenna resonated on 73k, the receive
performance on 136 is degraded but it may be worth a try some time. Let me
know when you would like to try, I'm sure Jim will also be interested.

73, Dave G3YXM.

-------------------------------------
original message:

just returned from a trip to the US (no LF gear ...) and heard about the
successes of Markus, DF6NM in receiving 73 kHz signals from the UK.

Now I got curious and set up my receiving station for that band as well
(crossband 73/136 should also be possible with my current setup). What is
the best frequency? Is it 71.800 kHz? Currently I am standby in SCW there
and will see, what I can see. Who is QRV when?

Vy 73

Geri, DK8KW (W1KW)
http://www.qru.de






From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Sat, 4 Mar 2000 13:40:01 -0500
From: "'Geri' Kinzel, DK8KW" <DK8KW@compuserve.com>
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Subject: LF: Re: 73 kHz: now I am curious
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Dave (and Jim),

>My problem is that, with the antenna resonated on 73k, the receive
>performance on 136 is degraded but it may be worth a try some time. Let me
>know when you would like to try, I'm sure Jim will also be interested.

if the storm keeps my antenna up in the air, I might be QRV around 07.00
UTC tomorrow (Sunday March 5, 2000) on 71.800 kHz (the frequency seems to
be quiet over here). I can stay approx. 1 hour. If I see someone calling cq
signing "kx" (k x-band) I will call in SlowCW on 137.690 kHz. 


Lets give it a try!

Geri, DK8KW (W1KW)


P.S.: Markus, DF6NM, how strong do you receive Rugby/on what frequency
exactly?



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Subject: LF: Re: Re: 73 kHz: now I am curious
Date: Sat, 4 Mar 2000 19:15:33 -0000
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Geri and Markus.

I will put out some QRS calls on Sunday morning, listening around 137.7 +/-
150Hz.
I will try to keep my wandering VFO on 71.80 starting at 0700 for Geri and
again at  0900 for Markus.
That's got to be me on your trace Markus, I can tell by the drift!

73 (yes indeed!) from Dave G3YXM.

------------------------------------------

if the storm keeps my antenna up in the air, I might be QRV around 07.00
UTC tomorrow (Sunday March 5, 2000) on 71.800 kHz (the frequency seems to
be quiet over here). I can stay approx. 1 hour. If I see someone calling cq
signing "kx" (k x-band) I will call in SlowCW on 137.690 kHz.


Lets give it a try!

Geri, DK8KW (W1KW)


P.S.: Markus, DF6NM, how strong do you receive Rugby/on what frequency
exactly?







From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Sun, 5 Mar 2000 03:33:33 -0500
From: "'Geri' Kinzel, DK8KW" <DK8KW@compuserve.com>
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Subject: LF: 73 kHz/136 kHz x-band: it works!
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
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Hello Dave, Graham and other LF enthusuasts,

indeed, 73 kHz/136 kHz works! I just completed successsful QSOs with Dave,
G3YXM (71.795 kHz/136.690 kHz, O/O, 826 km) and Graham G3XTZ (71.820
kHz/136.690 kHz, M/O, 732 km). Thanks to Markus, DF6NM for your
observations, without your hints I would never have given it a try!
Congrats on your 73 kHz gear, guys, you are doing fine over here in DL
(screenshots soon on my homepage http://www.qru.de)! I believe there was
another station also on 71.810 kHz but I could not identify it due to the
higher noise levels later this morning.

So, guys on the continent: tune down your rigs to the 73 kHz band, it seems
to be nicely calm here in the morning, Rugby is no problem over here and
lets give our UK fellows a chance to work a few more Europeans before they
close down the band in a couple of months. Remember: ending your cq-call
with "KX" (= k on x-band) means, that you are looking for x-band contacts,
it woked fine this morning.

Now I am looking forward for another challenge: Christer, what do you think
about a crossband QSL 8 kHz/136 kHz?


Best 73

Geri, DK8KW (W1KW)



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: "M. Bruno" <spin@inrete.it>
Subject: Re: LF: CFH Identification
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In 09.23 05/03/00 , Alan G3NYK wrote:

>Hi Marco, another tip from Jon was that around the operator shift-change
>time (about 2300z) the mod will usually be killed and the two extreme shift
>frequencies applied just long enough for the oncomming operators to read a
>frequency counter, before the mod is returned. I have seen this happen at
>around 2315z but as early as 2250z
>

I noticed this at 2255z of March 3. Firstly the low tone for 13 seconds, then
the
high tone for 7 sec.

The shift should be 85 or 86 Hz (counting pixels on Spectrogram image ...)

At that time the MSK carrier was quite weak, hard to recognize, because of the
spreading of the modulation. 
S/N of the unmodulated carrier is at least 30 dB in 1.3 Hz band. And then
the signal becomes louder ... maximum for me is around 0200z, +/- 30 minutes,
and the signal is about 20 dB louder than at 23z, so giving roughly 50 dB of
s/n
in 1.3 Hz, or 55 dB in 0.3 Hz.

Well, what is the ERP of CFH ? 100 kW ?

Wow. Maybe we don't need X-class flares, after all.

73 - Marco


Marco Bruno - IK1ODO
spin@inrete.it

SPIN Electronics - www.spin-it.com



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
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Subject: LF: Re: 73 kHz/136 kHz x-band: it works!
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Geri et al

Great! Thanks also for the nice Spectrogram of my drifting tx......
The strange thing is that I could see nothing of Graham's signal here, the
Rugby QRM is so strong. Funny to think he was being seen in Germany and not
here!

Any other stations like to try a crossband now that we know it works?

BTW, I think Peter's (G3LDO) QSO with Toni HB9ASB was the first
international crossband from 73k.

73, Dave G3YXM.


-------------------------------------------------------

indeed, 73 kHz/136 kHz works! I just completed successsful QSOs with Dave,
G3YXM (71.795 kHz/136.690 kHz, O/O, 826 km) and Graham G3XTZ (71.820
kHz/136.690 kHz, M/O, 732 km). Thanks to Markus, DF6NM for your
observations, without your hints I would never have given it a try!
Congrats on your 73 kHz gear, guys, you are doing fine over here in DL
(screenshots soon on my homepage http://www.qru.de)! I believe there was
another station also on 71.810 kHz but I could not identify it due to the
higher noise levels later this morning.





From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: "Mike Dennison" <mike@dennison.demon.co.uk>
Subject: LF: CFH plots
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I have posted two graphs of CFH on my website at:
http://www.dennison.demon.co.uk/mike/cfh.htm (at the time f writing this
it is not linked from any other page).
One was from last Thursday after the X flare, and may show the immediate
effect of an M flare on propagation.
The other was last night.
They are quite different, and it is interesting to note the differences
and similarities. For instance, on Thursday it rose to a peak of about
S9+10dB at 0230 (just after the M flare) and the fell gradually to dawn,
but last night it peaked S9 at 2300 and very slowly fell from there.
Similarities are dips at about 0400 and a dip and peak at about 0630 (UK
dawn).
I will post more graphs to improve our understanding of what's normal so
that enhanced propagation and its causes can be identified.

Thanks are due to ON5OO for writing the monitoring software. Does anyone
have a good copy of the original EXE file? The one I posted on my site
is corrupt and I deleted all other copies - doh!

-- 
Mike, G3XDV
IO91VT
http://www.dennison.demon.co.uk/activity.htm


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "M. Sanders \(PA3BSH\)" <misan@xs4all.nl>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: LF: RE: CFH plots
Date: Sun, 5 Mar 2000 12:40:18 +0100
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Hi All,

You can download the software at: http://www.veron.nl/tech/prog/eclipse.htm

///
> Thanks are due to ON5OO for writing the monitoring software. Does anyone
> have a good copy of the original EXE file? The one I posted on my site
> is corrupt and I deleted all other copies - doh!
>
> --
> Mike, G3XDV
///

Congratulatins on the results on 73kHz! The flares seem to have a more or
less similar effect on de D-layer as was seen during the '99 eclipse. I am
convinced now there are two effects that work independently.

1) Reflection against the bottom of the D-layer. The D-layer lowers when the
intensity of the radiation increases. This gives an increase in signal
strength because the reflection improves when the angle of indecense
decreases.

2) Total internal refraction of LF signals in the D-layer. The ionisation in
the D-layer increases and so the signals passing through attennuate. This
causes a decrease in signal strength.

Both effects are combined in the reflection coefficient formula for 'sky
wave' propagation. Observations during the eclipse have shown there is a
time difference between the effects 1) and 2).  The height appears to change
rapidly and the ionisation process appears to take some time before
propagation is affected.

This time difference causes both the significant increase and decrease of
the signals we observe (and we can use the increase for DX communications of
course!!).


Best 73's and good luck on lf,

Michael Sanders, PA3BSH






From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Sun, 5 Mar 2000 07:02:47 -0500
From: "'Geri' Kinzel, DK8KW" <DK8KW@compuserve.com>
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Subject: LF: Galveston NDB, Picture
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Hello Lowfers,

as I wanted to see how our commercial collegues handle their antennas, I
used the opportunity during my US-trip to go to Galveston near Houston/TX. 

Dave, ZL3FJ, had reported that this NDB beacon on 206 kHz has been heard in
New Zealand and Australia. Michael, the editor of "The European NDB
Handbook" gave me the exact location and with my handheld GPS system I was
able to find it easily.

I have put a short report and a photo I took onto my homepage
(http://www.qru.de/galveston.htm, or go to the main index page
http:/www.qru.de and follow the link).

Best 73

Geri, DK8KW (W1KW)


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Will look for xband (QRSS) tonight. 71.8 is clear down here.
73 de Toni, HB2ASB


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Hi Mike,

Thanks for interesting pictures of CFH signal variation.
You can certainly receive it much better than I can here.
It is most probably due to my qth on higher latitudes.

On 2nd March I weakly heard CFH after 2230z
with around -131 dBmW input on ESH2 (abt -4 dB(uV/m).

On 4th March I didn't hear it at all (below -135 dBmW).

Approximate estim. field strength with my present system:

Fs (dB(uV/m) = listed dBmW + (107 dB) + (20 dB) , so

during quiet condx can "see" down to -8 dB(uV/m) F-s.

That quiet condx I sometimes have during winter...

This is in agreement with my experiences during past
20 years on the nearby, now closed Measuring station.
With an active calibrated HFH2-Z2 loop the threshold 
was around -5 dB(uV/m), with a 200 Hz IF B-w that is.

You have any estimate how your dB's compare with F-s?

Please, more pictures like that...  73 de Vaino, OH2LX








At 10:45 5.3.2000 +0000, you wrote:
>I have posted two graphs of CFH on my website at:
>http://www.dennison.demon.co.uk/mike/cfh.htm (at the time f writing this
>it is not linked from any other page).
>One was from last Thursday after the X flare, and may show the immediate
>effect of an M flare on propagation.
>The other was last night.
>They are quite different, and it is interesting to note the differences
>and similarities. For instance, on Thursday it rose to a peak of about
>S9+10dB at 0230 (just after the M flare) and the fell gradually to dawn,
>but last night it peaked S9 at 2300 and very slowly fell from there.
>Similarities are dips at about 0400 and a dip and peak at about 0630 (UK
>dawn).
>I will post more graphs to improve our understanding of what's normal so
>that enhanced propagation and its causes can be identified.
>
>Thanks are due to ON5OO for writing the monitoring software. Does anyone
>have a good copy of the original EXE file? The one I posted on my site
>is corrupt and I deleted all other copies - doh!

>Mike, G3XDV
>IO91VT
>http://www.dennison.demon.co.uk/activity.htm

----------------------------------------------------------
V.K.Lehtoranta, OH2LX, POBox 50, FIN-05401 Jokela, Finland
------ Tel: +358-9-4173965 ---- Fax: +358-9-4173961 ------
E-mail: vaiski@dlc.fi - alias: oh2lx@dlc.fi & oh2lx@sral.fi


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Nice V's on 71.8. Call?

73 de Toni, HB2ASB


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Dave" <dave@picks.force9.co.uk>
To: "LF Group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: 73 / 136
Date: Sun, 5 Mar 2000 22:18:09 -0000
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Dear all.

Nice QSO with Toni HB2ASB tonight just after 2000 on 71.8 / 137.7. Exchanged
"O" reports. I can't remember your locator square Toni so I can work out the
distance. Mine is IO92BK.

I thought there was another QRS signal on 137.7ish but couldn't read it in
the noise. Was it you Markus?
Sorry I can't try tomorrow morning, I have to be at work by 0700......

This 73k isn't so bad after all!

Dave G3YXM.



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Subject: LF: Re: 73 / 136
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I just found the locators.

Geri is 816km from me.
Toni is 910km from me.

Dave G3YXM. 



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Looked for I5TGC again on Saturday evening. His signal came up to a 
very good 'O' at 2030 and went down into the noise within 10 mins. 

Another expedition to Amberley Museum. Had a QSO with GI3PDN before 
getting down to the business of trying resonant radials. The antenna 
system comprises about 300m of antenna wire, a loading coil, a centre 
tuning variometer and a tuner variometer for a 250m radial.
The system will work but trying to get all these different tuning 
arrangements, plus the matching, is difficult. With the centre tuning 
system floating it can rise to quite a high RF voltage resulting in 
RF feedback and attacks on your fingers when you try to tune the 
thing. I dont think tuned radials is the way to go, well not in my case.
I did these tests high in the band and I trust I didn't QRM anyone 
doing QRSS that I couldn't hear.

At one stage I heard HB9DCE with a 569 signal working G3YXM. After 
their QSO I called HB9DCE and got a 449 report although by that time 
the signal was starting to fade. Also the RF feedback made the QSO a 
bit difficult.  This I found interesting because there is a lot of 
high ground to the south of the antenna, made up mainly of chalk. It 
seems fairly transparent to LF signals.

As regards 73kHz EU cross band QSOs, the first one I had  was on 
normal CW with F6CNI, my frequency 72.6kHz and the return frequency 
on 80m. This QSO was on 28/3/98 at 1845, my report 539. Distance 337km.

The second was 9/3/99 at 2000, with Toni HB9ASB. This was on QRSS 
73kHz/137kHz, 'O' both ways.

I will go to GWM radio in Worthing and see if I can get some crystals 
to modify my mixer/driver for 73kHz. 


-- 
Regards, Peter, G3LDO

<g3ldo@zetnet.co.uk>







From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Alan Melia" <Alan.Melia@btinternet.com>
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Subject: LF: Marco re CFH power
Date: Mon, 6 Mar 2000 01:27:58 -0000
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Hi again Marco. No according to Jon who is a technician on the site CFH is
capable of 25kW. But due to budget restraints (Canadian Navy usage) and the
cost of the electricity bill, it is usually run at 8-9kW. The aerial is a
70m with a large number ( I think 24) loading wires which are the top 17m of
the guy wires. ( I cannot remember exactly, but I have Jean-Marc's message
somewhere in my archive) The maximum shift is +/- 42.5Hz so the two tones
should be 85 Hz apart. I think it used to send RTTY on a more conventional
FSK mode early last year. I do not know what type the mod. is now but it
could be CPM I suppose. It has been suggested by Gammal that these
commercial aerials are between 60 an 80% efficient so it could be a 5-6kW
erp signal.

I see it peaking to about 17dB above the noise in 100Hz (with mod ) with the
strongest signal being about 45mins before local dawn, and falling rapidly
after that.

73 de Alan G3NYK    JO02PB
Alan.Melia@btinternet.com






From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "cesare tagliabue" <cestag@dada.it>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: LF: R: 73 / 136
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            Hello Dave
            Maybe the signal you saw on 137.7 was mine, I was around 137.725
and saw Toni also with a solid "O". Not possible for me to see the signals
on 73.18, being my antenna fully detuned for this band and moreover having a
strong noise here.
            73   Cesare

Cesare Tagliabue   I 5 TGC
e-mail: cestag@dada.it
url: http://www.dadacasa.com/i5tgc

-----Messaggio originale-----
Da: Dave <dave@picks.force9.co.uk>
A: LF Group <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Data: domenica 5 marzo 2000 23.42
Oggetto: LF: 73 / 136


>Dear all.
>
>Nice QSO with Toni HB2ASB tonight just after 2000 on 71.8 / 137.7.
Exchanged
>"O" reports. I can't remember your locator square Toni so I can work out
the
>distance. Mine is IO92BK.
>
>I thought there was another QRS signal on 137.7ish but couldn't read it in
>the noise. Was it you Markus?
>Sorry I can't try tomorrow morning, I have to be at work by 0700......
>
>This 73k isn't so bad after all!
>
>Dave G3YXM.
>
>
>



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Geri
Great to finally see a picture of the GLS antenna. Its top loading looks to
be  designed as outlined in Watt's 'VLF Engineering' where the drooping
umbrella wires are insulated off at a point such that they do not go below
about 70% of the vertical mast height.
Rick Warnett in P29  has been able to confirm its height at 300 feet and the
power as 2kw in correspondence- extract below from his very recent (today!!)
posting to the lofexp reflector.
 At 300 feet it 's a biggie by NDB standards but as the distance down here
is over 12000 km it's still doing very well, possibly the best LF DX that I
am aware of, excluding high power broadcast stations. There's one of those
on the Kamchatka(?) Peninsula up top of the Pacific that roars in here in
winter months after dark on 180 kHz exact.

73
Dave, ZL3FJ
******************* extract from Ricks lofexp posting**********
Fellow Lowfers,
The following was sent back to me in regard to GLS. MAYBE A BIT LATE NOW AS
OTHER COMMENTS HAVE BEEN MADE, HOWEVER.......


Hi Rick,

   Got on the phone with the Galveston FAA field Office yesterday. GLS uses
a 300' verticle steel tower for the antenna. The entire tower radiates, just
like the usual am broadcasters. Power is confirmed @ 2000 watts. I talked
with a fella named Jimmy Grubbs, a Texan with the usual Texas drawl.
Friendly dude. They verify reports at:

        FAA Field Office
        2115 Terminal Drive
        Galveston, Tx. 77554

        phone # 1-409-744-1195

   I believe you folks would be the first from your area.
*******************************************


------------------------------------------------------------------------
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From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Subject: LF: Signal Strength Measurements by OH2LX
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Measurements of UK Decca's and some other stations :
----------------------------------------------------------
Day ------------------   01Mar  02Mar  03Mar  04Mar  05Mar
                          WED    THU    FRI    SAT    SUN  
Time, UTC ------------   2140-  2140-  2140-  2145-  2240-
----------------------------------------------------------
kHz    Ch   *d,km  AZI*     *Indicated ESH2 input, dBmW*
----------------------------------------------------------
127.8 (6C),  1435, 280,   -107   -105   -100   -107   -102
----------------------------------------------------------
126.7 (2A),  1565, 269,   -106   -110   -105   -104   -105
----------------------------------------------------------
128.5 (8E),  1766, 276,   -102   -105   -101   -102   -103  
----------------------------------------------------------
127.0 (3B),  1871, 257,   -102   -109   -105   -107   -106
----------------------------------------------------------
127.5 (5B),  1890, 247,   -102   -101   -101   -106   -103
----------------------------------------------------------
128.2 (7D),  2060, 267,   -112   -112   -116   -113   -118
----------------------------------------------------------
126.4 (1B),  2282, 253,   -113   -114   -110   -107   -109
----------------------------------------------------------
kHz    Ch   *d,km  AZI*     *Indicated ESH2 input, dBmW*
----------------------------------------------------------
128.93 ref,  1553, 228,    -77    -78    -79    -79    -80
----------------------------------------------------------
138.83 ref,  1221, 226,    -83    -75    -76    -79    -79
----------------------------------------------------------
135.8  SXV   2490, 182,   -105   -108   -106   -107   -107
----------------------------------------------------------
137.0  CFH*  5750, 295,   -131    Nil    Nil    Nil    Nil
----------------------------------------------------------
* CFH weakly audible after 2230 (except on the 4th Mar)  
----------------------------------------------------------
01Mar 2020: MM0ALM -122 ((GI3PDN not audible))
01Mar 2130: SM6PXJ -116 ((GW4ALG not audible))
02Mar 2028: OH1TN  -110..-108(f); 2056: -109; 2108: -108
02Mar 2057: OH1BS  -116..-112(f); 2254: -122
02Mar 2108: OH1LT  -125..-122(f)
02Mar 2121: OH7OL <-125
02Mar 2252: G3YXM  -132
03Mar 2200: OH1BS  -111; 2226: -114
03Mar 2226: SM6PXJ -128..-126(f)
04Mar 1827: G3KEV  -126; 1847: -125; 2018: -124
04Mar 1839: SM6PXJ -120..-113(f); 2233: -123..-115(f)
04Mar 2037: OZ8NJ  -125
04Mar 2056: OH1TN  -112
04Mar 2244: OH1BS  -107; 2252: -109; 2326: -109
----------------------------------------------------------
(R&S ESH2/---- 10m coax---/1:10/---15m wire-----):
Noise level with antenna: with 200Hz IF BandWidth: 
-26..-22 dB(uV), -133..-129dBmW (varies w qrm etc)
----------------------------------------------------------
End of message of 06 Mar 2000, 0805 UTC, from OH2LX




----------------------------------------------------------
V.K.Lehtoranta, OH2LX, POBox 50, FIN-05401 Jokela, Finland
------ Tel: +358-9-4173965 ---- Fax: +358-9-4173961 ------
E-mail: vaiski@dlc.fi - alias: oh2lx@dlc.fi & oh2lx@sral.fi


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Nice Xband QSO with Dave, G3YXM, last night. QRB 910 km. The signal was
quite strong and could probably break the 1000 km barrier.
When Dave called on 71.8 I've seen another signal, just a few Hz below.
It was only "T" at this time but a QSO should be possible with longer
dots. Who was it????

73 de Toni, HB2ASB in JN36pt





From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "kate moore" <mek@leicester.ac.uk>
To: "lfgroup" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: Weekend report
Date: Mon, 6 Mar 2000 09:40:10 -0000
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EU activity heard since Friday on 136kHz normal CW:
 OE5ODL (559), SM6PXJ (579), OZ8NJ (569), ON7YD (559), DJ5BV (559),
DJ5DI (569), PA0KDM (549), PA0BWL (569), DK5PT (569), HB9DCE (449QSB).

Activity this weekend was much lower than recent weeks (maybe people were
taking a break and enjoying the better weather?) - nevertheless, the final
tally here was 10 countries heard and 6 worked. There was certainly no
shortage of Gs calling CQ, but noticibly fewer stations for us to work, and
I managed nothing new at all this week. Both G3XDV and PA0BWL have made
improvements and were putting out their best signals ever.

Conditions seemed quite good, if a little noisey at times, and CFH was
audible virtually all day during both Saturday and Sunday, dropping into
the noise only briefly late morning.

The local variation in signal strength was again very apparent on Sunday
morning when HB9DCE's signal was poor with both G3YXM and myself, but
Berth was getting R5 reports from GB2CPM and G3XDV - the reverse of the
situation Mike reported last time. It would be very interesting to establish
for certain whether this is due to an enhancement effect (i.e. Mike and
Peter were receiving better than other stations either side) or a
cancellation effect (i.e. Dave and I were in a null). Perhaps we could set
up a 'reports pool' for noting simultaneously the strengths of stations in
Switzerland and Italy (whose signals seem to produce this effect over the
UK) by a number of observers?

         Regards  John G4GVC near Leicester, IO92JP

    **  TX: Synth + 400W RF from modified 'G3YXM' Mosfet PA           **
    **  RX: TS-850S with 3 x CW filters and 0.5ppm TCXO               **
    **  Ant: Inv-L 60m long, 6m high at feed end, 12m high at far end **



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Mike Dennison" <mike.dennison@rsgb.org.uk>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
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What an exciting weekend! My best DX on 73kHz doubled and several 
new stations worked. Conditions were good with CFH audible in the 
noise most of the day.

Friday 3 March 
Went on 73kHz as DF6NM was listening for QRSs signals. 
Worked M0BMU and G3XTZ ( a new one for me on this band), both at 
'O'/'O'. 

Saturday 4 March 
On 73kHz again and had another QSO with M0BMU. Sent lots of 
callsigns on QRSs. 
E-mail from Markus, DF6NM, to say he had seen my signals. This more 
than doubles my best DX on 73kHz at 840km (previous best was a two-
way with GD0MRF at exactly 400km). Thanks Markus. My signals, and 
those of M0BMU and G3XTZ, can be seen on G3YXM's web site. 
Back on 136kHz band for QSOs with G4GVC (599/599) and PA0BWL 
(gave 549, got 459). 

Sunday 5 March 
136kHz: Worked two new ones - DK5PT (549/449) and HB9DCE (539/349) 
who was a much better signal with me than with G3YXM for a change! 
Also worked GW4ALG (579/589) and G3YXM (599/599). 
Other DX heard: ON7YD (549) GI3PDN (579) and a new one DJ6PU (549). 

In the evening I set up for crossband 73/136 activity. Spent ages trying 
to get the system efficient on both band with the minimum of running 
outside to make changes to the loading coil. Called CQ on 73 (ending in 
'KX' to indicate listening crossband) and was called by DF6NM on 136. 
Gave him an 'M' report but saw nothing from him after that. Saw 
successful crossband QSO between G3YXM (73) and HB2ASB (136), 
both 'O' and audible with me. 

Many thanks to Geri, Markus and Toni for making the effort to listen on 
73kHz. As a result, several distance records have been broken in the last 
week. The record currently stands at 910km (G3YXM/HB2ASB). It is 
unlikely that we will get an extension of this band - we have already had 
an extra 6 months from the original closing date - so there is very little 
time now, especially with the static season due in a few weeks.





Mike, G3XDV (IO91VT)
http://www.dennison.demon.co.uk/activity.htm



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> This time difference causes both the significant increase and decrease of
> the signals we observe (and we can use the increase for DX communications
> of course!!).

> Michael Sanders, PA3BSH
> 

Does this account for the peak and fade sinewave effect we get on 
CFH over about an hour, both at US sunset and UK dawn?

Mike, G3XDV (IO91VT)
http://www.dennison.demon.co.uk/activity.htm



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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> Nice Xband QSO with Dave, G3YXM, last night. QRB 910 km. The signal was
> quite strong and could probably break the 1000 km barrier. When Dave
> called on 71.8 I've seen another signal, just a few Hz below. It was only
> "T" at this time but a QSO should be possible with longer dots. Who was
> it????
> 73 de Toni, HB2ASB in JN36pt

Toni, that was me. I was calling CQ, then I replied to Markus, 
DF6NM, but we lost each other after that.  I called you a few 
minutes after you finished with Dave, but no reply.

Having damaged a ligament in my leg, running up the garden in 
between overs to change the taps on the loading coil was very 
painful. The things we do for fun!!!



Mike, G3XDV (IO91VT)
http://www.dennison.demon.co.uk/activity.htm



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Alan Melia" <Alan.Melia@btinternet.com>
To: "rsgb_lf_group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: DX Cluster spots for 4/5th March at GB7DXM
Date: Mon, 6 Mar 2000 12:45:58 -0000
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Hi all, Congratulations to Jim,  Dave and Graham for their crossband 73kHz
qsos
with Germany and Switzerland. This has injected a bit of life into the band
in its final months. I copied good 'O' signals from Jim and Mike on Saturday
morning. The best signals I have ever received on 73kHz. When the local
noise
(from SMPSs) appears here in the evening it would swamp everything but
Rugby.

Sunday 5th March  (QRSS)
0438z  HB2ASB Toni's test beacon good 'O' signal until 0540z
0715   "G3YXM T U R 8KW O O O KK"
        R R DAVE 73 DK8KW SK"
       "R R G3XTZ DK8KW M M" This was Dave and Graham making their crossband
       73 kHz qsos I presume, with Geri
0810    HB9ASB CQ
0818    DFCW not decoded by FFTDSP as shift was a bit too narrow for it.
0820    HB2ASB CQ called by G3XTZ
        Toni then went on the work Gaspard ON4ZK
0935    G3XDV  CQ

Not quite so many spots logged on the Cluster this weekend....but not the
spot of DCF39 by VE1ZZ so he is communicable with via packet. I am not sure
whether my spots will propagate back to the States & Canada. It may
be better to use one of the Internet Cluster sites to try to contact him.

   136.5  DJ6FU        5-Mar-2000 1710Z  439
<DL1SAN>
   136.3  PA0BWL       5-Mar-2000 1155Z
<DJ5BV>
   136.6  DK6NI        5-Mar-2000 1011Z  449 cq
<DL1SAN-1>
   137.2  PA0BWL       5-Mar-2000 1001Z  339
<DL1SAN-1>
   136.9  G3YXM        5-Mar-2000 0950Z  cq 439
<DL1SAN>
   137.0  G3KEV        3-Mar-2000 1644Z  (579)
<DJ5BV>
   137.0  G4GVC        3-Mar-2000 1642Z  (549)
<DJ5BV>
   136.7  G3YXM        2-Mar-2000 2249Z  (549)
<DJ5BV>
   136.8  DJ5BV        2-Mar-2000 1836Z  cq 549
<DL1SAN>
   136.9  OE5ODL       1-Mar-2000 2144Z  cq cq
<DL3FDO>
   136.5  MM0ALM      29-Feb-2000 2025Z  qso with i5mxx
<S57A-4>
   136.8  I5TGC       29-Feb-2000 1730Z  579
<S57A-4>
   136.8  I5TGC       29-Feb-2000 1651Z  cq..449
<S59A-1>
   137.0  G3KEV       28-Feb-2000 2003Z  (569)
<DJ5BV>
   137.7  G3LDO       27-Feb-2000 2123Z  (559) slow-cw cq
<DJ5BV>
G3NYK de GB7DXM    6-Mar 1159Z >
  1800.0  DCF39       29-Feb-2000 2355Z  138.83 khz fsk 5/9
<VE1ZZ>
G3NYK de GB7DXM    6-Mar 1159Z >

73 de Alan G3NYK   JO02PB
Alan.Melia@btinternet.com




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Hello Mike,
after the QSO with Dave I observed the band for several minutes, but there was
nothing to see, may be it was already too late. It seems to me that best condx
(for the path UK-HB) are between 19:00 and 20:00 UT.
I will call Xband again in the next evenings. Take care of your leg. I'm
expecting very long change over times.

73 de Toni

Mike Dennison wrote:

> > Nice Xband QSO with Dave, G3YXM, last night. QRB 910 km. The signal was
> > quite strong and could probably break the 1000 km barrier. When Dave
> > called on 71.8 I've seen another signal, just a few Hz below. It was only
> > "T" at this time but a QSO should be possible with longer dots. Who was
> > it????
> > 73 de Toni, HB2ASB in JN36pt
>
> Toni, that was me. I was calling CQ, then I replied to Markus,
> DF6NM, but we lost each other after that.  I called you a few
> minutes after you finished with Dave, but no reply.
>
> Having damaged a ligament in my leg, running up the garden in
> between overs to change the taps on the loading coil was very
> painful. The things we do for fun!!!
>
> Mike, G3XDV (IO91VT)
> http://www.dennison.demon.co.uk/activity.htm



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Larry Kayser" <kayser@king.igs.net>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org, 
 "Alan Melia" <Alan.Melia@btinternet.com>
Subject: LF: Re VE1ZZ
Date: Mon, 6 Mar 2000 09:15:08 -0500
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Alan et all:

>....but not the
>spot of DCF39 by VE1ZZ so he is communicable with via packet.

>  1800.0  DCF39       29-Feb-2000 2355Z  138.83 khz fsk 5/9
><VE1ZZ>


This is great news it means he has studied my letter and has taken some
action on it.  I will write him again and inquire if he is thinking of an
Internet connection.  When he says 5/9 you can trust he means really loud,
Mitch, VE3OT, and I listened to Jack's tape of DCF39 and it was a very very
strong signal.

Larry
VA3LK





From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Mon, 06 Mar 2000 14:37:16 +0000
From: "g3kev" <g3kev@netscapeonline.co.uk>
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Hi All.
For those suffering from close down in the QRO position when using a
grounded antenna loading/matching coil at the base of the antenna, an
external LPF in the TX line will cure the problem. I acquired a Ropex
recently and on testing into my antenna found this problem and I know
other suffer the same. I do not have a cct of the rig otherwise I might
be able to do an internal modification to rectify the situation.
With the LPF added I can now load the tx into the 50 ohm configured base
loaded, grounded inductor at the antenna base.
The ARRL antenna h/book has the details for constructing a suitable LPF.
I use T200-2 cores and 1200v rated poly capacitors. This LPF will handle
up to 1kw of RF and is also suitable for other
projects.
73 de Mal/G3KEV





From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Mike Dennison" <mike.dennison@rsgb.org.uk>
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I will be on 71.8kHz this evening looking for cross-band QSOs with 
137.7 QRSs. I will call CQ at 1900, 2000 and 2100.


Mike



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Hello folks,
Now i'm able to receive on 73 kHz band, so i'm available for sked about
rx or xband (73/136) qso.
Please tell me about frequency and time, i will be in the shack starting
from this evening.

'73 Valerio (IK5ZPV)



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "LAWRENCE MAYHEAD" <LAURIE@g3aqc.freeserve.co.uk>
To: "rsgb lf group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: Re. Resonant radials.
Date: Mon, 6 Mar 2000 17:04:03 -0000
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<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>Hi Peter,</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 
size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I dont 
think resonant radials are going to be very efficient unless quite high!&nbsp; 
But to resonate I found it best to tune the radial system against ground! as 
though it were an antenna.This needs a ground connection of course but I assume 
you already have one.The impedance at the feed point will be quite low (series 
resonance).I would then tune the proper ant against ground,and finally replace 
the ground with the radial system,without re-adjusting the resonance.I did not 
get very high voltages doing this.Of course you could retain the ground 
connection as well,and this would no doubt reduce the voltage.further.&nbsp; I 
hope this is of some use to you.73s Laurie.</FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Mon, 06 Mar 2000 19:18:59
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: "Rik Strobbe" <rik.strobbe@fys.kuleuven.ac.be>
Subject: Re: LF: 73/136 x-band
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Hello Mike (and the others),

Since you are 'spoiled' with close to 1000km DX on 73kHz the last days,
Belgium maybe 'peanuts'. But I will listen (look) for signals and try some
crossband.
I will use my 136kHz for reception on 73kHz, I wonder if that will be
sufficient.

73, Rik ON7YD


At 16:30 6/03/00 -0000, you wrote:
>I will be on 71.8kHz this evening looking for cross-band QSOs with 
>137.7 QRSs. I will call CQ at 1900, 2000 and 2100.
>
>
>Mike
>
>
>


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "James Moritz" <j.r.moritz@herts.ac.uk>
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Subject: LF: 73kHz Friuday night/ Saturday Morning
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Dear LF Group,
	Thanks for all the 73kHz listener reports and the Spectrogram 
images. Glad to see that G3NYK has finally received some signals 
on the band!  Worked G3XDV with normal CW on Friday night and 
Saturday morning, and G3XTZ using QRSS, although could easily 
have had a normal CW QSO with Graham, at least at my end. Also 
(just about) heard G3YXM sending normal CW at about 1900 on 
Friday -  Dave appeared to be sending a beacon signal with his 
callsign & phone number, but was well down in the noise, and since 
he is closer to Rugby than me, I don't think a QSO would have 
been possible. QRSS would have been no problem though. Also 
saw another weak signal that appeared to be normal CW, and was 
slowly drifting down in frequency, but could not identify it.

Was sorry to miss out on the cross-band action; my E-mail 
account is at work, so I didn't get to hear about it until this morning. 
Congratulations to those who took part - looks like 73kHz might still 
have some excitements in store! I think I could set up my station to 
do 73/136 cross-band fairly quickly, so if anyone would like a go, 
let me know.

Am also testing my new power amp for both LF bands. I have gone 
for a linear, based very loosely on G0MRF's design, mainly so I 
could make use of my existing VFO and keying circuit without 
modification. It seems to achieve 3-400W ouput with a reasonable 
temperature rise, which should add several dB to my transmit 
signal.

I will give 73kHz a try tomorrow morning, in the hope that the Rugby 
TX will be off the air for maintenance again. I will see if I can get 
set up for cross - band operation by then also, time permitting.

Cheers, Jim Moritz
73 de M0BMU




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Mon, 6 Mar 2000 13:01:00 -0500
From: "'Geri' Kinzel, DK8KW" <DK8KW@compuserve.com>
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Rik (and others),

>I will use my 136kHz for reception on 73kHz, I wonder if that will be
>sufficient.

nice that the 73 kHz fever broke out! Rik, for me my 136 kHz equipment was
quite sufficient (as I wrote earlier) I did NOT even tune my antenna, noise
level here at 73 kHz is lower compared to 136 kHz, and if I see those
strong signals on the 4000m band, it is hard to be strong enough in my
character not to try to tune my G0MRF PA and antenna system for that band
.... (yes, I have been told it would work ... my DDS synthesizer works
there anyhow ...).

Mike, I will be QRV tonight, lets see ...

73

Geri , DK8KW (W1KW)



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Dave" <dave@picks.force9.co.uk>
To: "LF Group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: 73kHz
Date: Mon, 6 Mar 2000 18:33:26 -0000
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Dear all.

It was so embarrassing to see my drifting VFO on Markus' plots that I have
connected the DDS to my 73k TX and it seems to work OK. I will try some
calls around 2000 tonight (Monday) and from 0700, or earlier? tomorrow
morning. The antenna is tuned to 71.805 so that is where I shall be.
I will be QRV on 137.7 +/- 100Hz and on 71.8 +/- 100Hz if Rugby is off
tomorrow morning.

73, Dave G3YXM.



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Mon, 6 Mar 2000 16:03:06 -0500
From: "'Geri' Kinzel, DK8KW" <DK8KW@compuserve.com>
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Subject: LF: 73kHz
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Dave, G3YXM, 

>It was so embarrassing to see my drifting VFO on Markus' plots that I have
>connected the DDS to my 73k TX and it seems to work OK

indeed, it did! Have a look at www.qru.de/g3yxm.htm, last picture and you
will see your rock-stable (woops! at least nearly) QRH-NIL signal!

Band was very noisy tonight, I could copy Dave's QSO with ON7YD (more and
more "firsts!", congrats) and saw also another station calling on 71.833
kHz (M0BMU?). Did not answer on 137 kHz, because signal was barely "T"
here, however should be ok when the noise is down (lets try for example
next Sunday morning ...). No copy of Mike, G3XDV, but again, noise was
pretty strong tonight ...

Best 73

Geri, DK8KW (W1KW)
http://www.qru.de







From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Johan Bodin" <sm6lkm.jbeab@swipnet.se>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: LF: 73 kHz QRSS received in SM?
Date: Mon, 6 Mar 2000 22:40:40 +0100
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Hello All,

I believe I saw a QRSS signal on 71.805! It started at
20.45 UTC tonight, Monday, and lasted for about three
minutes. It was not strong enough to be readable but
quite close!

Who was it? I have a screen dump from Spectrogram.
I'll mail it to anyone who is interested.


73 de Johan Bodin, SM6LKM




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Dave" <dave@picks.force9.co.uk>
To: "LF Group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: 73 / 136 again
Date: Mon, 6 Mar 2000 22:10:42 -0000
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Dear all.

Good activity again tonight. I worked Rik for another new one.
I am now using the SM6LKM / G0MRF DDS and hope to have a way of applying the
frequency shift for DFCW soon.
I also heard Jim (well I saw him.... just!) working Toni and Rik, well done
Jim. How much power / aerial current are you using on 73k?
My tx is running about 550W I think, not 750 as I estimated before, and
aerial current is 2.75A.

CU on Tuesday morning.

Dave G3YXM.



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Dave" <dave@picks.force9.co.uk>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
References: <000501bf87b4$b7aa0820$952c97d4@oemcomputer>
Subject: LF: Re: 73 kHz QRSS received in SM?
Date: Mon, 6 Mar 2000 22:18:54 -0000
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Johan.

It could have been me. I did put out "QRZ K" at that time and exactly that
frequency.
I was using 3.5 second dots and 2:1 dash:dot ratio. Does it seem to fit?

73 Dave G3YXM.

-----------------------------------------------------

I believe I saw a QRSS signal on 71.805! It started at
20.45 UTC tonight, Monday, and lasted for about three
minutes. It was not strong enough to be readable but
quite close!

Who was it? I have a screen dump from Spectrogram.
I'll mail it to anyone who is interested.


73 de Johan Bodin, SM6LKM







From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Mon, 6 Mar 2000 17:28:08 -0500
From: "'Geri' Kinzel, DK8KW" <DK8KW@compuserve.com>
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Subject: LF: 73kHz
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Hello friends,

> and saw also another station calling on 71.833
>kHz (M0BMU?). Did not answer on 137 kHz, because signal was barely "T"

that was a little bit preliminary ... just worked M0BMU crossband, too, he
on 71.832 kHz and me on 136.690 kHz with M/O. Jim, what is your QTH
locator?

73,

Geri, DK8KW (W1KW)


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Tue, 07 Mar 2000 10:42:05
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: "Rik Strobbe" <rik.strobbe@fys.kuleuven.ac.be>
Subject: Re: LF: 73 kHz QRSS received in SM?
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Hi Johan,

You probably saw G3YXM, I worked him (x-band) on that frequency few minutes
earlier.
Give it another try in the morning, when QRN is low, and break the 1000km
barrier !

73, Rik  ON7YD

At 22:40 6/03/00 +0100, you wrote:
>Hello All,
>
>I believe I saw a QRSS signal on 71.805! It started at
>20.45 UTC tonight, Monday, and lasted for about three
>minutes. It was not strong enough to be readable but
>quite close!
>
>Who was it? I have a screen dump from Spectrogram.
>I'll mail it to anyone who is interested.
>
>
>73 de Johan Bodin, SM6LKM
>
>
>
>


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Tue, 07 Mar 2000 10:50:40
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: "Rik Strobbe" <rik.strobbe@fys.kuleuven.ac.be>
Subject: LF: 73 kHz QRSS
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I listened (looked) on 72.8kHz (+/- 100Hz) last night :
G3YXM 'O' : worked Dave x-band (first ON - G ?)
M0BMU 'O' : worked Jim x-band
G3XDV 'M' : missed Mike (want another try in the morning ?)

It was the first time that I seriously tried 73kHz and made some
interesting observations :
1. all 3 stations had longterm QRB (+/- 15 min. periods) and the QSB was
not 'in phase' for the 3 stations (eg. when G3YXM became stronger G3XDV
went down in noise)
2. QRN was barely audible above RX noise on my 136kHz antenna, so with a
tuned antenna reception would be better
3. M0BMU was 219 audible for a short time (with a better antenna at my side
a 2-way normal CW QSO could be possible)

73, Rik  ON7YD


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Dick Rollema" <d.w.rollema@freeler.nl>
To: "LF-Group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: 73 kHz
Date: Tue, 7 Mar 2000 09:56:11 +0100
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<DIV><FONT face=Courier size=2>To All from PA0SE</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Courier size=2>Having recently installed Spectogram I gave it a 
try on 73 kHz this morning.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Courier size=2>It works perfectly and I saw several G-stations. 
But I also copied them by ear! </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Courier size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Courier size=2>Reports by ear are:</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Courier size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Courier size=2>G3XTZ: RST 459</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Courier size=2>M0BMU: RST 569</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Courier size=2>G3YXM: RST 559</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Courier size=2>G3LDO: RST 569</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Courier size=2>This was with the antenna system still tuned to 
136 kHz!</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Courier size=2>So a crossband QSO 73/136 would have been easily 
possible for me.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Courier size=2>Rugby is off air so I don't know how it would be 
with this station on. I have recorded the background noise so when Rugby comes 
on again I can observe whether there is a difference.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Courier size=2>I will listen again today&nbsp;at 1400 UTC on 73 
kHz and for a crossband QSO I will transmit on 136,550 kHz.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Courier size=2>I will also listen Thursday at 1000 UTC and 1600 
UTC.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Courier size=2>I can be QRV at other times as well in case 
someone wants to arrange a sked by telephone.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Courier size=2>73, Dick, PA0SE</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Courier size=2>Tel. +31 71 589 27 34</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV></BODY></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Tue, 7 Mar 2000 08:54:27 +0000
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From: "Tom Boucher" <tom@telemetry.demon.co.uk>
Subject: LF: 71.8 KHz
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A brief listen on 71.8 this morning Tuesday 7th March 2000 yielded the
following:

0825 G3YXM 71.80 KHz 569 in QSO with:
     G3LDO 71.79 KHz 569
followed immediately by 
     M0BMU 71.84 KHz 559 in QSO with G3LDO

0835 G3XTZ 71.80 KHz 559 calling G3LDO for about 5 minutes

0840 someone on QRSS which I cannot read.

Excellent signals Dave, Peter, Jim and Graham.

73, Tom G3OLB, IO80iu. 


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Date: Tue, 7 Mar 2000 04:23:52 EST
Subject: LF: 71.8 heard in CW by DF6NM
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
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Hi 73-enthusiasts,

Last night, I could see several of you (YXM, BMU, XTZ, LDO) in x-band qrss 
action with HB2ASB, ON7YD (DFCW) and DK8KW, but didnt get through. Peter's tx 
running up and down like a wild horse, but perfectly tame after 23:20 - what 
did you do?

Today, after 7:00 UT I saw

07:04 71.811 G3XDV (m),
07:17 71.820 G3XTZ (m, later o)
07:29 71.805 G3YXM (o)

Dave managed to see my whispering on 137.70, and so we finally had our Xband 
QSO in qrss. 970km... thats getting close.

Then condx on 71 improved further, no growling in the background. At 8:11 I 
noticed I could actually hear YXM in the speaker, and until now (08:45) I've 
been listening to you working each other in plain cw (reports by ear):

G3XTZ 339
G3YXM 559 (perfect copy)
M0BMU 349
G3LDO 559 (perfect copy)

Got some .wavs of which I can send clips later. With these signals there is 
no 1000-km-barrier, you should go for 2000!

73 de Markus, DF6NM in JN59NK


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: MarkusVester@aol.com
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Date: Tue, 7 Mar 2000 06:45:02 EST
Subject: LF: Rugby and 77.5 kHz
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
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This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
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Hi again,

that was another nice xband QSO with M0BMU (71.858). I specially liked that 
because seeing Jims sigs on 71.8 a couple of weeks ago has stirred up all 
that activity.

With Rugby off (actually testing apparently, carrier on and off several times 
around 10:30), I noticed an interesting structure in the noise. The 
time-signal tx DCF77 (77.5kHz nr Frankfurt, 50kW?) has a 645.883 bd (=fc/120) 
pseudorandom phase modulation (5 deg). Using correlation to this 512 bit 
sequence, special receivers can determine time more accurate than by the 1 Hz 
carrier dips alone. 160 km from their site, I normally can see 3 or 4 
sidebands on each side of the carrier. Today, 8 sidebands were clearly 
visible down to 72.34 kHz (77500-8*646). Truly a spread spectrum!

Now Rugby is back to normal. I've included two spectra with it being off and 
on <Rugbyoff.zip, 8kB>, so you can compare.

73 de Markus, DF6NM

--------------040304030800040500010805
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AAAAAAAAAAAAIAC2gQAAAABsaW5lXzcxazAtNzNrNzU2XzExNDdfMDcwMzAwLmJtcFBLAQIy
CxQAAAAIAARkZyg3P3CWaRAAALbMAgAgAAAAAAAAAAAAIAC2gQgOAABsaW5lXzcxazAtNzNr
NzU2XzEyMzJfMDcwMzAwLmJtcFBLBQYAAAAAAgACAJwAAACvHgAAAAA=
--------------040304030800040500010805--

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "James Moritz" <j.r.moritz@herts.ac.uk>
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Dear LF Group,
	
Had an exciting night and morning on LF, with a new power 
amplifier, new modes, and new countries.

Set up the station to work cross-band by connecting the receiver 
to a separate 5m vertical antenna; this seemed a bit noisier than 
using my normal TX antenna for receive, but does the job, and has 
the advantage that the TX antenna tuning can be left alone while 
the RX changes between bands. Also connected up my new power 
amp, which with about 350W out, gives an antenna current of 2.0A 
on 73kHz. My TX antenna is still an 8m high inverted 'L'

With this set-up, was able to work cross-band to HB2ASB and 
DK8KW on QRSS cw for two new countries, and ON7YD, who 
was using DFCW, the first time I have had a QSO involving this 
mode. I gave all stations 'O' reports.

Could also see some other weaker signals on 137kHz, and 
tantalisingly saw my own callsign coming back on at least one 
occasion, only to disappear into the Loran noise. Also saw G3LDO 
sending QRSS on 73kHz.

In the morning, starting about 0750, was able to work G3XTZ, 
G3YXM, and G3LDO on normal CW (all 569), since the Rugby TX 
was off. Could also hear G2AJV sending his beacon signal (339). 
Later, had a cross-band QSO with DF6NM (O). During the QSO, 
the noise level started rising, but Markus was still 'M' by the end of 
the QSO.

Thanks to all for the listener reports - next time Rugby is off the air, 
we could try for some normal CW cross-band QSO's

73k/136k QSO's with Scandinavian stations certainly looks a 
possibility - I am certainly willing to have a try at any convenient 
time.

Cheers, Jim Moritz
73 de M0BMU



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Mike Dennison" <mike.dennison@rsgb.org.uk>
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Subject: Re: LF: Rugby and 77.5 kHz
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> Now Rugby is back to normal. I've included two spectra with it being off
> and on <Rugbyoff.zip, 8kB>, so you can compare.

This is fascinating as it shows that, even at nearly 1000km the 
sidebands are 10-15dB above band noise. This is very reassuring 
as there is always the worry that it is really a receiver problem, 
especially with an S9+60 signal.


Mike, G3XDV (IO91VT)
http://www.dennison.demon.co.uk/activity.htm



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Tue, 07 Mar 2000 16:19:22
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From: "Rik Strobbe" <rik.strobbe@fys.kuleuven.ac.be>
Subject: LF: antennas for 136kHz
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Hello all,

I tried to put my (limited) knowlegde about 136kHz antennas together and
put it on my webpage at :

http://www.qsl.net/on7yd/136ant.htm

It's a kind of an overview of the antennas that can be used as far as I
know), maybe interesting for newcomers.

Comments and additional informations are welcome.

73, Rik  ON7YD



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Tue, 7 Mar 2000 09:43:21 -0500
From: "Holger 'Geri', DK8KW" <DK8KW@compuserve.com>
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Subject: LF: antennas for 136kHz
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Rik,

I just had a very brief look (sitting in my office -hi-) to your page.
Excellent! As you know, last year around this time I had a lot of questions
and you had explained me a lot of the theoretical background neccessary to
build a good LF antenna. I used a lot of that knowledge whenn I build my
umbrella antenna, which performs excellent today (if wind permits ...).
Thanks for putting all this information into public domain, it would be
worth being published in a magazine ...

Best 73

Geri, DK8KW (W1KW)


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Dick Rollema" <d.w.rollema@freeler.nl>
To: "LF-Group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: Cross band QSO's 73/136 kHz
Date: Tue, 7 Mar 2000 15:55:24 +0100
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD>
<META content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" http-equiv=Content-Type>
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<DIV><FONT face=Courier size=2>To All from PA0SE</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Courier size=2>Just made cross band normal CW QSO's with M0BMU 
(sent 559, received 559) and G3LDO (sent 569, received 559). My antenna system 
was tuned to 136 kHz. But tuning to 73 kHz probably would not have resulted in 
better reports because I guessed&nbsp;the signal strength by comparing the 
signal to the noise and this relation would not be better with the antenna 
system&nbsp;tuned for 73 kHz.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Courier size=2>The background noise was the same as this morning 
with Rugby off the air so apparently the Rugby noise sidebands do no hamper 
reception overhere.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Courier size=2>73, Dick, PA0SE</FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Mike Dennison" <mike.dennison@rsgb.org.uk>
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I was on 73kHz last night and again this morning, but seem to have 
been beaten to the DX by M0BMU and G3YXM. I will be active 
again on the band, looking for crossband QSOs on Saturday and 
Sunday mornings. Frequency nominally 71.800kHz, but avoiding 
anyone else on that frequency by 5Hz or so.

Power is 200W (0.8A antenna current).

Thanks to those who have encouraged me by sending reports.

Mike, G3XDV (IO91VT)
http://www.dennison.demon.co.uk/activity.htm



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Tue, 7 Mar 2000 17:48:13 GMT
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: "Peter Dodd" <g3ldo@zetnet.co.uk>
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Subject: LF: Re: Wild horses tamed
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>From Markus

> Last night, I could see several of you (YXM, BMU, XTZ, LDO) in x-band qrss 
> action with HB2ASB, ON7YD (DFCW) and DK8KW, but didnt get through. Peter's tx 
> running up and down like a wild horse, but perfectly tame after 23:20 - what 
> did you do?

Earlier I was testing the power amplifier and the antenna using a 
signal generator as a driver, which is fine for normal CW but no good 
for QRSS. I finished the 73kHz modifications to the 136kHz crystal 
mixer driver and used it later.
Wish I could fix the galloping horses that easily.

I will be on this evening transmitting on around 71.87kHz (no doubt 
with others!) and looking for QRSS stations around 137.70kHz.



-- 
Regards, Peter, G3LDO

<g3ldo@zetnet.co.uk>







From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "john sexton" <computernetworks@excite.com>
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Subject: Re: LF: antennas for 136kHz
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Hi Rik,

This is excellent stuff and very opportune. I have been struggling to work
out what antenna will work best for me, and with Laurie's help using EZNEC
(thanks Laurie) have evaluated a serial meander system and a top-loaded
vertical with a big coil at the top and horizontal or down sloping
toploading wires. The trouble is that without fully understanding what is
going on it is difficult to interpret the results from EZNEC. Your article
has come at just the right moment. I hate the idea of putting something up
and then finding that it doesn't work. There is no substitute for
understanding. I have a feeling that it should be possible to achieve the
full 1 watt out, without having to put up enormous towers.

If I may I would like to pose a simple question, to which all the experts
are invited to reply:
If to the top of a vertical an equal vertical descender is added, insulated
from Earth at the bottom, but otherwise the same length as the original
vertical and coming straight down (like an old-fashioned hair-pin), and
assuming that this is resonated and matched to 50 ohms, will the new antenna
radiate more power, less power or the same power for the same input and why?
This might for example be the other wire of a sufficiently well spaced
feeder (no voltage breakdown), effectively short-circuited at the top and of
low RF resistance.

73s and all the best.

John, G4CNN





_______________________________________________________
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From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "M. Sanders \(PA3BSH\)" <misan@xs4all.nl>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: RE: LF: RE: CFH plots
Date: Tue, 7 Mar 2000 21:42:36 +0100
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Hi All,

///
> Does this account for the peak and fade sinewave effect we get on
> CFH over about an hour, both at US sunset and UK dawn?
>
> Mike, G3XDV (IO91VT)
///

Reference measurements around the time of the '99 eclipse have indeed shown
the same effect on 75kHz during sunrise and sunset. Since there should be a
multi hop sky wave propagation between Canada and the UK also multiple peak
and fade effects can occur.

However the observations can be explained by this effect only if the timing
of the events corellates with the dusk/dawn times at the position of the
reflections against the D-layer. Or puting it the other way around if we
study the timing of the effects we can approximate the location of the
reflections against the D-layer and find out what the number of hops is on
any lf DX propagational path. With some experience it should be possible to
predict signal sunset/dawn related signal peaks and make a DX-sked
accordingly.

BTW: A North-South path or v.v. does not show multiple effects since the
solar radiation changes at more or less the same time over the total
propagational path. The effect could be more intense in this case.
Propagational paths near the 'grey-line' should have a less intense effect,
possibly obscuring one or more hops along the great-circle path passing near
Iceland/Greenland.

Greetings,

Michael Sanders, PA3BSH




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: MarkusVester@aol.com
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Date: Tue, 7 Mar 2000 17:57:25 EST
Subject: LF: Speckle from the Alps?
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Hi LF folks,

John wrote in "LF: Weekend report" on 06/03/00

>The local variation in signal strength was again very apparent on Sunday
>morning when HB9DCE's signal was poor with both G3YXM and myself, but
>Berth was getting R5 reports from GB2CPM and G3XDV - the reverse of the
>situation Mike reported last time. It would be very interesting to establish
>for certain whether this is due to an enhancement effect (i.e. Mike and
>Peter were receiving better than other stations either side) or a
>cancellation effect (i.e. Dave and I were in a null). Perhaps we could set
>up a 'reports pool' for noting simultaneously the strengths of stations in
>Switzerland and Italy (whose signals seem to produce this effect over the
>UK) by a number of observers?
>
>        Regards  John G4GVC near Leicester, IO92JP

Thinking about these observations, there is a striking analogy to the speckle 
patterns seen in a number of fields, e.g. atmospheric seeing in astronomy, 
ultrasonic tissue imaging, ground clutter in microwave radar, or (most well 
known) the structure in a laser spot on the wall. Basically it is caused by 
the superposition of a number of coherent wavefronts generated by stochastic 
scattering from some inhomogeneous medium. For LF, flat terrain with trees, 
houses etc. is smooth  because all the obstacles are small compared to a 
wavelength. Mountain ranges however are a rough surface. The  angular 
granularity ("directivity") of the resulting pattern depends inversely on the 
lateral width of the radiating zone. If one would assume that Toni's rays are 
diffused over a region say 20 km (20*lambda/2) wide, this would result in 
lobes 1/20 radians wide or 50 km "coherence width" at 1000 km. It would be 
interesting to derive that by observations, I'd expect a somewhat smaller 
coherence width for broader illumination from transmitters behind the Alps.

As the modulation is spatial, not temporal, speckle patterns normaly are 
static, unless something moves. As the scattering centers (mountains!) are 
fixed, we might imagine the ionosphere acting like a slowly tilting mirror, 
sweeping the whole pattern across the receivers.

But maybe the scattering centers are not only the rocks themselves: Bob 
Brown, NM7M, had a fascinating article in QST 12/99 "Bubbles in the Ozone 
Layer", suggesting that turbulent air-flow over mountain ranges could cause 
bubbles affecting the ultraviolet irradiation to the D-Layer before sunrise.

Regards
Markus, DF6NM


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Larry Kayser" <kayser@king.igs.net>
To: "\"rsgb_lf_group\"" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: DCF39 signal up, M class flare an hour ago
Date: Tue, 7 Mar 2000 22:14:53 -0500
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Greetings:

DCF39 is up to 28 dB over the background noise tonight an hour after an M
class flare event.  Prior to the Flare event the signal was in the noise
most of the time

Larry
VA3LK





From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Wed, 8 Mar 2000 08:19:45 +0000
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: "Mike Dennison" <mike@dennison.demon.co.uk>
Subject: Re: LF: antennas for 136kHz
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G4CNN wrote:
>If to the top of a vertical an equal vertical descender is added, insulated
>from Earth at the bottom, but otherwise the same length as the original
>vertical and coming straight down (like an old-fashioned hair-pin), and
>assuming that this is resonated and matched to 50 ohms, will the new antenna
>radiate more power, less power or the same power for the same input and why?
>This might for example be the other wire of a sufficiently well spaced
>feeder (no voltage breakdown), effectively short-circuited at the top and of
>low RF resistance.

If the end of the downwards vertical is insulated from earth, it won't
work as the current in it will partly cancel out the current in the
upward part.

However, =in theory= you can earth the end of the downward wire, and
resonate both wires separately as quarter waves, giving effectively half
of a folded vertical dipole. I said =in theory= because it would be very
difficult to equalise the two wires such that the current distribution
was identical, and you have twice the coil losses. If you could get it
to work, there would be an improvement because the radiation resistance
would be quadrupled and hence earth losses would be much less. BUT if it
was easy to do there would be lots of topband operators using it! Good
luck.


-- 
Mike, G3XDV
IO91VT
http://www.dennison.demon.co.uk/activity.htm


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Wed, 08 Mar 2000 11:01:38
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: "Rik Strobbe" <rik.strobbe@fys.kuleuven.ac.be>
Subject: Re: LF: antennas for 136kHz
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At 11:02 7/03/00 -0800, you wrote:
>If I may I would like to pose a simple question, to which all the experts
>are invited to reply:
>If to the top of a vertical an equal vertical descender is added, insulated
>from Earth at the bottom, but otherwise the same length as the original
>vertical and coming straight down (like an old-fashioned hair-pin), and
>assuming that this is resonated and matched to 50 ohms, will the new antenna
>radiate more power, less power or the same power for the same input and why?
>This might for example be the other wire of a sufficiently well spaced
>feeder (no voltage breakdown), effectively short-circuited at the top and of
>low RF resistance.

This 'hairpin antenna' can be approached in 2 ways :

1. Consider it the minimal version of a meander antenna (2 elements)
In this case you would have a SRF (Size Reduction Factor) of about 0.8,
what means that a 10m high 'hairpin' would be equal to a 12.5m 'straight
vertical'. This would mean a gain of 1.9dB

2. Look at the currentdistribution over the antenna
Assuming a linear decrease from feedingpoint to end (and a current of 1A at
the feedingpoint) this would mean that the current at the top is 0.5A and
at the end of the hairpin it wil be 0A. So the average 'upgoing current' is
is +0.75A but we have also an average 'downcoming current' of -0.25A. As
long as the spacing of the hairpin is small (compared to the wavelength) we
can just add both currents. The result is an average current of 0.5A,
exactly the same as what you would have with a 'straight vertical'. So the
radiation resistance will not change.
But the antenna capacitance will increase (as you put more wire in the
air). Based om my experience with multiple topload wires, with a spacing of
1m the capacitance can increase from 6pF/m to 9pF/m. This means an increase
of the antennacapacitance by 50% and thus a decrease of the loadingcoil by
the same ammount (= less loss in the loadingcoil). For a 10m high antenna
(assuming 50 ohm groundloss and a loadingcoil with Q = 300) a gain of 1dB
can be expected.

Personnaly I think that the second approach is more correct as in the
article on meander antennas they assume that the antenna is brought to
resonance just by 'meandering' (with a loadingcoil).
So a small gain can be expected from a 'hairpin antenna'. but keep in mind
that you can get more gain (using the same length of wire and the same
antennaheight) with a simple inverted-L or T antenna.



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Wed, 08 Mar 2000 10:35:12 +0000
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: "Walter Blanchard" <blanch@pncl.co.uk>
Subject: LF: VLF
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Flg might be of interest to the SM boys thinking of going on 8 kHz. I found 
it in the memoirs of Dr Jack Pierce (MIT, USA) who had a hand in the design 
of Omega and Loran-C :

"On the occasion I found most interesting, the boys in Hawaii had pieced 
together all the loading coils they could find and managed to get the small 
antenna at Haiku tuned to 6250 hertz. At this frequency the power radiated 
could not have been more than a very few milliwatts. I observed the signal 
at Cambridge (Massachusetts, USA) with our photographic technique, using 
triggering pulses at a submultiple frequency, so that a cycle or two stood 
still on an oscilloscope screen and the photographic record (which plotted 
the oscilloscope picture against time of day) appeared as black and white 
stripes. During the night the signal was marvelously clear but at sunrise 
it declined so rapidly that at first I thought that the transmitter had 
been turned off. This was because that frequency of the signal came close 
to or below the cutoff frequency in the waveguide-like space between the 
earth and the lowest ionized layer. The height of the layer dropped 
suddenly when the first rays of sunlight reached it in the morning, and the 
attenuation of the signal increased rapidly. This and one or two other 
experiments between six and ten kilohertz convinced us that reliable 
longdistance operation was not to be expected at all hours at a frequency 
much below ten kilohertz."
	
Date?  January 1946.
	
The "small antenna at Haiku"  was a 300 ft vertical! These experiments led 
to the development of Omega, 10.2, 11.666, and 13.3 kHz.
	
Walter G3JKV



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Dear LF Group,

	Thanks to Dick, PA0SE for the normal CW, cross-band QSO 
yesterday afternoon. We had no problem exchanging 559 reports. 
Thanks also to Tom, G3OLB for standing by on 136kHz - I found it 
a bit confusing at times!

This experience suggests there might be other possibilities for 
similar cross-band, normal CW QSO's, particularly if Rugby is off 
the air for maintenance again - worth thinking about for next month.

Sent several QRSS cross-band CQ's last night on 71.8kHz from 
about 1945 onwards -  didn't see any replies, though. Will try again 
on Friday, or at other times if someone would like a sked.

Cheers, Jim Moritz
73 de M0BMU


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Dave Sergeant" <sergeantd@compuserve.com>
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Subject: LF: Re: Speckle from the Alps?
Date: Wed, 8 Mar 2000 11:51:54 -0000
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>From Dave G3YMC

Markus, DF6NM wrote:

>But maybe the scattering centers are not only the rocks themselves: Bob
>Brown, NM7M, had a fascinating article in QST 12/99 "Bubbles in the Ozone
>Layer", suggesting that turbulent air-flow over mountain ranges could cause
>bubbles affecting the ultraviolet irradiation to the D-Layer before
sunrise.

I also found the QST article fascinating.  For those who haven't seen it it
concerned reception of a commercial station on 55.5kHz in California by the
author in Washington state.  He observed an interesting pattern to the
signal strength of this station around dawn caused he surmised by enhanced
propogation in the ozone layer over the Rocky Mountains to the east.  My
first thoughts were that this was probably not relevant to us in Europe, but
perhaps it may well be the very mechanism which causes the big signal
changes we are seeing on Toni's signal close to the Alps, and some of the
73kHz effects.

I don't know whether the article is available on the ARRL site, it is
actually 3 pages so would be a bit big to send as an attachment.

Congratulations to all involved in the recent 73 activity.  It has convinced
me I am wasting my time there when I only hear s4 signals from the locals!
I assume local noise is the limiting factor, but I did use to hear a lot
better a couple of years ago.

73s Dave
dsergeant@iee.org
http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/sergeantd





From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Subject: Re: LF: Re: Speckle from the Alps?
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Markus' idea is most interesting.  I hope there will be some way to test it.

I'm less impressed with the QST article, though.  From what I read there, I 
cannot find any new sunrise phenomenon that doesn't appear to be explained 
adequately by existing models.

John
KD4IDY


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: "Tom Boucher" <tom@telemetry.demon.co.uk>
Subject: Re: LF: 73kHz to PA0SE
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Jim

You were a good 569 with me in Devon. I had intended calling you again
after you (and Peter) had finished with Dick, but a delivery van of
kitchen furniture turned up so I had to go and attend to that!

Peter you were an excellent 579.

73, Tom G3OLB 

In message <23789.200003081150@gemini>, James Moritz
<j.r.moritz@herts.ac.uk> writes
>Dear LF Group,
>
>       Thanks to Dick, PA0SE for the normal CW, cross-band QSO 
>yesterday afternoon. We had no problem exchanging 559 reports. 
>Thanks also to Tom, G3OLB for standing by on 136kHz - I found it 
>a bit confusing at times!
>
>This experience suggests there might be other possibilities for 
>similar cross-band, normal CW QSO's, particularly if Rugby is off 
>the air for maintenance again - worth thinking about for next month.
>
>Sent several QRSS cross-band CQ's last night on 71.8kHz from 
>about 1945 onwards -  didn't see any replies, though. Will try again 
>on Friday, or at other times if someone would like a sked.
>
>Cheers, Jim Moritz
>73 de M0BMU
>


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "john sexton" <computernetworks@excite.com>
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Subject: LF: Re: LF antennas
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Hi Rik,

Now I have had time to study your web page on 136 antennas, I have the
following comments, which I hope you will find useful.

1. The reason that the antenna current decreases linearly to zero at the end
of the antenna, is because sin(x) = x approx for small values of x, and for
most amateur antennas the lengths involved are only a fraction of a
wavelength.
Similarly the reason the voltage is practically constant over any continuous
segment of wire making up the antenna is because cos(x) =1 approx.

2. There are several useful programs from G4FGQ for determining probable
environmental loss for a given site.

3. The values of Q for loading coils, that you have used in examples are
very conservative, it is not particularly difficult to obtain higher values
of Q especially for small elevated coils.

4. From your explanation of how to calculate ERP, it follows that in order
not to exceed 1 watt ERP, we must not exceed approx. 0.55 watt radiated
power.

5. I thought at first that you had lost a factor of 4 (two squared) in
formula 5a, but later realised that the ratio is calculated with respect to
the average current in a monopole, which is 50%. It might be useful to make
this clear, assuming that it isn't just me who trips over this one.

6. The results of calculations agree well with those obtained from G4FGQ's
program TANT136.

7. The paragraph just above the graph in section 2.2, states that the gain
that can be achieved &is 6dB. The reason for this is that one can at most
double the average current in the vertical, which occurs when the current is
constant over the vertical segment.

8. Concerning Umbrella antennas, i.e. capacitive top loading with down
sloping top loading wires, you suggest a maximum vertical descent of 50%
should not be exceeded. In a comment regarding the Galveston NDB, someone
(sorry I have forgotten who) said that the textbooks on VLF recommend not
more than 30%. I decided to try to determine the optimum value and came up
with the following formula:
The Optimum length of a down sloper from the top is h(sqrt(1+sec(alpha))
-1), where h is the height of the main mast and alpha is the angle of the
sloper from the vertical. Which this length the Radiation Resistance
compared with a monopole of the same height is increased by a factor of 
4 * (1 + cos(alpa))^2 * (1 - sqrt(cos(alpha)/(1+cos(alpha)))^2. This
increases monotonically with alpha. At 89 degrees, L is approx. 6.6 * h and
the Radiation Resistance is approx. 3 * that of Monopole.
For an angle of 45 degrees, the sloper should descend 39% of the height and
the multiplication factor for Rr is only 1.48.

9. You give some useful results and graphs for inductive loading. I would
only like to comment that the elevated coil need not be the full value to
resonate the top part of the antenna. A combination of top capacitive and
inductive loading can be beneficial, e.g a 60 metre horizontal top and a 3
mHenry coil will practically achieve the full 6 dB increase.

10. Section 2.7 Antennas with multiple vertical elements. This looks like a
good idea, which needs to be investigated further.

11. Section 2.10 Helical antenna. You point out that if capacitive top
loading is added the advantage of a helical antenna will be less. This is of
course relatively speaking. This is really a case of "less is more".

Congratulations on a fine piece of work. I for one feel that at last I am
beginning to understand LF antennas.

73 John, G4CNN






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From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "kate moore" <mek@leicester.ac.uk>
To: "lfgroup" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: Speckle patterns / 73kHz activity
Date: Thu, 9 Mar 2000 08:22:23 -0000
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Firstly, many thanks to Markus DF6NM for his fascinating suggestion that
the signal variations from stations close to the Alps may be 'speckle
patterns' of received strength. This certainly seems a plausible explanation
and the figures Markus used are of the right order of magnitude for what is
being observed. This is another example of the type of 'research' which is
ideally suited to Amateur LF work, where we have a number of keen observers
within this group distributed over a large area. It would be interesting
if we could gather some more formal data on these signal variations and try
to establish whether they do in fact conform to some sort of speckle theory.

Secondly, hearty congratulations to all those who have made the excellent
recent achievements on 73kHz. I'm really pleased to see the 'old band'
getting a much deserved new lease of life before we loose it, especially
considering the somewhat greater challenge that 73kHz provides (both in
producing a good signal and also in receiving it!). As some of you know, I
suffer very badly on receive here, as I can actually see the Rugby antennas
from my roof. This had more or less totally discouraged me from putting in
the necessary work to get a signal out on the band in the short time we
have left. Obviously the progress and experience on 136kHz has been used to
great effect, both by the UK stations transmitting and especially by the
operators in other countries who now have excellent LF receiving systems -
another example of the wonderful co-operative spirit of this group, where
the overall results are much greater than those of any individual; something
I'm particularly grateful to be part of.
With all the fun people are having on 73, I might just be tempted to dust
off the NOV [73kHz licence extension] and take another look.......

            Regards     John G4GVC





From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Thu, 09 Mar 2000 11:06:14
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: "Rik Strobbe" <rik.strobbe@fys.kuleuven.ac.be>
Subject: Re: LF: Re: LF antennas
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Hello John

Thanks for your comments.

>1. The reason that the antenna current decreases linearly to zero at the end
>of the antenna, is because sin(x) = x approx for small values of x, and for
>most amateur antennas the lengths involved are only a fraction of a
>wavelength.
>Similarly the reason the voltage is practically constant over any continuous
>segment of wire making up the antenna is because cos(x) =1 approx.
You are right about that, but I tried to explain it in a more practical
way. I think that my approach is technical correct.

>2. There are several useful programs from G4FGQ for determining probable
>environmental loss for a given site.
I intend to extend the page to related subjects (as enviromental losses,
measuring ERP etc..) at a later stage.

>3. The values of Q for loading coils, that you have used in examples are
>very conservative, it is not particularly difficult to obtain higher values
>of Q especially for small elevated coils.
>From my experience with loadingcoils (built about 10 of them and measred
them all here at the university) a Q = 300 is a 'average' value for coils
in the mH range using 1mm Cu wire. No doubt heiger Q's can be reached using
thicker wire, more spacing etc...
One remark : most 'simulating' software gives a far to high Q. I remind
that a 3mH coil with a calculated Q of 550 turned out to have a Q of less
than 250. So be carefull with calculation and prefer measurement.

>4. From your explanation of how to calculate ERP, it follows that in order
>not to exceed 1 watt ERP, we must not exceed approx. 0.55 watt radiated
>power.
Due to its directivity, a short vertical monopole has a gain of 2.6dB over
a dipole (4.77dBi versus 2.15dBi for a dipole).

>5. I thought at first that you had lost a factor of 4 (two squared) in
>formula 5a, but later realised that the ratio is calculated with respect to
>the average current in a monopole, which is 50%. It might be useful to make
>this clear, assuming that it isn't just me who trips over this one.
I deliberately shipped all the math (this just scares most hams). But on a
later stage I intend to add the math on a seperate page.

>6. The results of calculations agree well with those obtained from G4FGQ's
>program TANT136.
We probably use the same theorectical background .... ..
>
>7. The paragraph just above the graph in section 2.2, states that the gain
>that can be achieved &is 6dB. The reason for this is that one can at most
>double the average current in the vertical, which occurs when the current is
>constant over the vertical segment.
That is the way I see it

>8. Concerning Umbrella antennas, i.e. capacitive top loading with down
>sloping top loading wires, you suggest a maximum vertical descent of 50%
>should not be exceeded. In a comment regarding the Galveston NDB, someone
>(sorry I have forgotten who) said that the textbooks on VLF recommend not
>more than 30%. I decided to try to determine the optimum value and came up
>with the following formula:
>The Optimum length of a down sloper from the top is h(sqrt(1+sec(alpha))
>-1), where h is the height of the main mast and alpha is the angle of the
>sloper from the vertical. Which this length the Radiation Resistance
>compared with a monopole of the same height is increased by a factor of 
>4 * (1 + cos(alpa))^2 * (1 - sqrt(cos(alpha)/(1+cos(alpha)))^2. This
>increases monotonically with alpha. At 89 degrees, L is approx. 6.6 * h and
>the Radiation Resistance is approx. 3 * that of Monopole.
>For an angle of 45 degrees, the sloper should descend 39% of the height and
>the multiplication factor for Rr is only 1.48.
Looks interesting, maybe I will put the umbrella antennas in a seperate
chapter (with more detailled information) later.

>9. You give some useful results and graphs for inductive loading. I would
>only like to comment that the elevated coil need not be the full value to
>resonate the top part of the antenna. A combination of top capacitive and
>inductive loading can be beneficial, e.g a 60 metre horizontal top and a 3
>mHenry coil will practically achieve the full 6 dB increase.
That is correct, the antenna I use has a +/- 300pF tophat at 13m, a
elevated coil of +/- 1.8mH at 12m and a coil at the base of +/- 2mH.
BTW : the effect of an elevated coil was much more than expected, this is
explained in a additional page (see combined inductive / capacitive
toploading).

>10. Section 2.7 Antennas with multiple vertical elements. This looks like a
>good idea, which needs to be investigated further.

>11. Section 2.10 Helical antenna. You point out that if capacitive top
>loading is added the advantage of a helical antenna will be less. This is of
>course relatively speaking. This is really a case of "less is more".
What I mean is : if you replace a 'straight' vertical without toploading by
a helical antenna you will win 2.5dB. But if you already have sufficient
capacitive toploading gain will be minimal (0.5dB or even less) and will
not be worth the effort.

>Congratulations on a fine piece of work. I for one feel that at last I am
>beginning to understand LF antennas.
Thanks, that was the meaning of this pages. But I do not have the 'wisdom'
all for myself so all comments are welcome and I will be happy to correct
any errors.
But one of the problems is that English is not my native language (you UK
and US guys are really spoiled on internet), so sometimes things are
understood differently from what I meant. Although I speak English very
often here at the university (thanks to - mainly - US guys who refuse to
learn Dutch even after living here for several years) my writing is far
from perfect. So if you find any errors in spelling and/or gramatics please
report them.

73, Rik  ON7YD



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Subject: Re: LF: Re: LF antennas
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> Due to its directivity, a short vertical monopole has a gain of 2.6dB over
> a dipole (4.77dBi versus 2.15dBi for a dipole).

Careful! Surely this assumes perfect ground, doesn't it? Even at 
HF, I think most amateurs would prefer to use a vertical dipole than 
a ground-plane antenna.

Mike, G3XDV (IO91VT)
http://www.dennison.demon.co.uk/activity.htm



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Thu, 09 Mar 2000 13:19:59
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: "Rik Strobbe" <rik.strobbe@fys.kuleuven.ac.be>
Subject: Re: LF: Re: LF antennas
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At 10:16 9/03/00 -0000, G3XDV wrote:
>> Due to its directivity, a short vertical monopole has a gain of 2.6dB over
>> a dipole (4.77dBi versus 2.15dBi for a dipole).
>
>Careful! Surely this assumes perfect ground, doesn't it? Even at 
>HF, I think most amateurs would prefer to use a vertical dipole than 
>a ground-plane antenna.

Good point. I have been breaking my mind about that for some while. But it
seems to me that we take the inperfect ground into account already with the
ground-loss resistance, so do we have to take it into account a second time ?

eg : assume a 10m high vertical (radiation resistance 8.2 milli-Ohm)

If we had a perfect ground (and loadingcoil) only the radiation resistance
will limit the antennacurrent, so if we put 100W into the system we will
have an antennacurrent of 110A (!) and radiate 100W, what due to the
directivity of the antenna results in 183W ERP.

Now we take the real-world case and assume a loss of 100 Ohm (environement
+ coil). If we put 100W into this system we will have an antennacurrent of
1A and radiate 8.2mW (-42dB compared to the 'perfect case'). 
The question is if we can take the directivity of a perfect vertical
(2.6dB) into account ?
My opinion is that we have to take this gain into account, as the
enviromental losses already played their part by limiting the
antennacurrent. But the only way to find out what really happens is to
measure the radiation pattern of the antenna, is the anyone with acces to a
small airplane or helicopter ?

73, Rik  ON7YD



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Subject: LF: countries active.
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To date there seems to be 20 countries active on 136 khz. I have not
heard any S5* activity yet although there are reports of activity from
that area. I received a qsl card to day from OM2TW that confirms 19
countries worked two way on 136 khz and confirmed for me, plus several
other countries xband.
A number of operators although not transmitting on 136 khz in other
countries do listen on the band and I find the qsx approach is useful
for working further afield. I also get swl cards, reports via email and
telephone frequently.
For transatlantic tests a talk back freq would be useful say 140060 khz
cw or any other suitable frequency by arrangement and one would know
immediately if the signals were getting there on 136 khz.
We could do with some more new countries further away like SV, YU, TA,
UA and in the other direction TF, OX, OY, CU and EA8.
There is some 160 metre acty from these areas but no one interested so
far in 136 khz.
73 de Malcolm/G3KEV





From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Johan Bodin" <sm6lkm.jbeab@swipnet.se>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: LF: 1000 km exceeded on 73 kHz
Date: Thu, 9 Mar 2000 12:44:18 +0100
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Hello All,


I had the pleasure to work G3YXM crossband on 73 kHz / 80 m this
morning. QRB 1122 km.

I was really surprised by the good S/N ratio of Dave's signal. The
practical limit is probably far beyond 1000 km.

There's a Spectrogram screenshot at:

http://home4.swipnet.se/~w-41522/73k/g3yxm.html

73

Johan Bodin, SM6LKM




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Mike Dennison" <mike.dennison@rsgb.org.uk>
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ON7YD wrote:
> Now we take the real-world case and assume a loss of 100 Ohm (environement
> + coil). If we put 100W into this system we will have an antennacurrent of
> 1A and radiate 8.2mW (-42dB compared to the 'perfect case'). The question
> is if we can take the directivity of a perfect vertical (2.6dB) into
> account ? My opinion is that we have to take this gain into account, as
> the enviromental losses already played their part by limiting the
> antennacurrent. But the only way to find out what really happens is to
> measure the radiation pattern of the antenna, is the anyone with acces to
> a small airplane or helicopter ?

Hmmm. Well I think we do have to take earth losses into account 
twice. This is because it not only affects the ERP because of the 
effective resistance in series with the source (which is also affected 
by any resistance in the connection to the earth), but it also affects 
the 'ground gain' which is the result of reflection from the ground 
after the signal has left the antenna. I am inclined to think that in a 
practical amateur LF station there is little or no ground gain by 
reflection, except perhaps where the station is very near the sea. 
By 'ground' I am including any radial system which in a commercial 
station dramatically improves the real ground resistance close to 
the antenna, but is usually very inefficient in an amateur station.


Mike, G3XDV (IO91VT)
http://www.dennison.demon.co.uk/activity.htm



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Alan Melia" <Alan.Melia@btinternet.com>
To: "rsgb_lf_group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: test signals 137.682
Date: Thu, 9 Mar 2000 13:53:08 -0000
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Hi all strong test signals heard here,  QRS like, on 137.682 between about
1300z and 1345z.  Another new call-sign ??

Cheers de Alan G3NYK
Alan.Melia@btinternet.com




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Thu, 09 Mar 2000 16:08:31
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: "Rik Strobbe" <rik.strobbe@fys.kuleuven.ac.be>
Subject: Re: LF: Re: LF antennas
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At 12:09 9/03/00 -0000, G3XDV wrote:
>Hmmm. Well I think we do have to take earth losses into account 
>twice. This is because it not only affects the ERP because of the 
>effective resistance in series with the source (which is also affected 
>by any resistance in the connection to the earth), but it also affects 
>the 'ground gain' which is the result of reflection from the ground 
>after the signal has left the antenna. I am inclined to think that in a 
>practical amateur LF station there is little or no ground gain by 
>reflection, except perhaps where the station is very near the sea. 
>By 'ground' I am including any radial system which in a commercial 
>station dramatically improves the real ground resistance close to 
>the antenna, but is usually very inefficient in an amateur station.

Hello Mike & the others,

I hope that the discussion about the effect of groundloss on antennagain
(directivity) it not too boring, but I think it is very important to
understand this well if we want to find out how short vertical monopoles work.

So here I go again .... ..

1. Assume we have a perfect ground
With any antenna over a perfect ground you will get a (virtual) mirror of
this antenna 'below the ground'. As with images and a glass-mirror the
mirror-antenna will be left-right reversed, or otherwise said in
counterphase to the 'real' antenna. (there must be a better way to explain
that in English)
The 'mirror' antenna will radiate the same power as the 'real' antenna.
This explains why a lambda/4 vertical monopole (Marconi antenna) has a 3dB
gain over a vertical dipole, with the Marconi antenna the second half of
the dipole is formed by the 'mirror' and both parts get full power while
for a vertical dipole the total power is divided over both lamda/4 parts.
This explains also why a horizontal antenna at low height (in wavelengths)
will not work as all radiation is canceled out by the 'mirror' antenna.

2. Assume we have no ground at all (antenna in free space)
Here a short vertical monopole will not radiate at all, as it needs some
'counterweight' (either ground, radials or even the shield of a coax) to
allow the 'return current' to flow.
However a dipole without ground will work perfectly (as it has its own
'counterweight').

3. Assume a lossy ground (real life)
That's a bit like looking in dirty mirror, you will see your mirror-image
but much weaker than with a 'clean mirror'. But the mirror image will be at
the same place regardless wether the mirror is clean or dirty.
For a short vertical monopole over a lossy ground this would mean that only
a (small) part of the power you put in the antenna 'sees a mirror image'
and wil be radiated the other (mayor) part will 'see no mirror image' and
thus will act as for a short vertical monopole without ground : it will not
be radiated.
The rdatio between the radiated and non radiated part is determined by the
ratio of the loss resistance versus radiation resistance. But the part that
is radiated will 'see a mirror antenna' at the same place as in the case of
a loss-less ground and thus it will have the same directivity (= gain).
If that is correct than we have to take the 2.6dB gain into account, even
with a very lossy ground.

I hope the above was not too confusing. 
This is the way I see it (or try to understand it), it is not meant to be
'the one and only truth'. If there are other opinions, please 'shoot'. We
all can only learn from it.

73, Rik  ON7YD



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To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: =?iso-8859-1?Q?V=E4in=F6_Lehtoranta?= <vaiski@dlc.fi>
Subject: Re: LF: Re: LF antennas
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Hi all,  

Some time ago I wrote a story for SRAL magazine about (LF)
progation terminology with a drawing or a sketch showing
the proposed radiated components* near the radiating short
vertical monopole. Subsequently I asked comments from the
best "ground wave expert" I know, with much experience on
measuring ground waves both at ground level and in the air.
Especially how the radiated energy divides into components.
Refering to my sketch I gave examples of extreme cases of
short radiating element (10 m) and high one (645 m in Poland
until 1991). The measuring element was 1 m high with base
1 m above the ground level (the sketch is a 108kb TIF).
How to draw the inevitable "rays" fm one antenna to another.
Anyone having some good ideas or suggestions. de Vaino,OH2LX
Discussion abt what happens near the Tx antenna is needed...
- so far, no comments from my colleague mentioned... -

* the wave components shown as "rays" in the sketch:

- direct wave + ground reflected wave = space wave
- surface wave (at the interface: air/ground)
- ionospheric wave (separates into its own component) how?
- sub-surface wave (under the earth) its importance?
- GROUND WAVE which is the suggested term forpractical,
  measurable resultant wave (to some distance fm tx ant)

I read in "the LF Experimenter's Source Book" (page 1.10):

"All line-of-sight propagation will presumably
be by ground wave, as all aerials will effectively
be at ground level".

"Direct path (the Space wave), as used on other
frequencies will not work, as they involve both 
a direct wave and a ground-reflected wave".

"As the aerial height (in wavelengths) tends to
zero, they reach the same amplitude but opposite
phase and cancel out".

I have been sitting in an airplane at 100-200 m for
more than 500 hours while measuring LF and MF stations.
Does the above mean that, say 1-2 km from the transmitter
there is no space wave component (after cancellation)?
(not quite sure what is "line-of-sight" on LF frequencies)


  









----------------------------------------------------------
V.K.Lehtoranta, OH2LX, POBox 50, FIN-05401 Jokela, Finland
------ Tel: +358-9-4173965 ---- Fax: +358-9-4173961 ------
E-mail: vaiski@dlc.fi - alias: oh2lx@dlc.fi & oh2lx@sral.fi


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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In a message dated 3/9/00 4:17:45 AM Eastern Standard Time, 
rik.strobbe@fys.kuleuven.ac.be writes:

<< Due to its directivity, a short vertical monopole has a gain of 2.6dB over
a dipole (4.77dBi versus 2.15dBi for a dipole). >>

This is one point which may deserve some clarification.  A real-world 
implementation of a short vertical monopole will have a net loss over most 
other antennas, rather than a net gain.  When using the term "gain" without 
further description, I suspect most people take the meaning of overall or net 
gain.  Overall gain of an antenna is, of course, the product of directivity 
in the vertical plane, directivity in the horizontal plane, and efficiency 
(related to radiation resistance and loss).  It might be better to say the 
short monopole has a directivity advantage of 2.6dB over the dipole.

<< Although I speak English very  often here at the university (thanks to - 
mainly - US guys who refuse to learn Dutch even after living here for several 
years) my writing is far  from perfect. >>

Be assured, Rik, your spelling and grammar are a lot better than many of the 
U.S. guys when they attempt to put a page together.  Just as we assume anyone 
will understand us if we speak loudly and slowly, we assume you'll read our 
Web pages the same way and somehow absorb the meaning from them. <grin>  Your 
writing is eminently readable and understandable.  Congratulations on a job 
well done!

73,
John



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: WarmSpgs@aol.com
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Oops!  Between the time I composed my message and the time I finally 
reconnected in order to send it, Mike and others had already commented on the 
2.6dB directivity.  However, I believe my observation offers a way out of 
having to consider ground losses twice.

If we refer to vertical pattern directivity and azimuthal pattern 
directivity, we understand them to be assumed ideal conditions.  Since the 
overall gain is the mathematical product of those two factors and the 
real-world losses, the losses can legitimately be lumped into one single 
factor of the product that affects the whole outcome.

Of course, that factor may be a complicated one to describe mathematically in 
the real world, involving in the simplest case the radiation resistance of 
the antenna versus losses in the tuning coil and earth; and in more 
complicated cases, involving the added problem of other objects in the 
vicinity, their conductivity, the mutual impedances between them and the 
antenna, and so on.

But I think the important point is, the loss factor can be legitimately 
separated from the two directivities, and thus allow us to consider them in 
the realm of the ideal.  It's just that, when comparing antennas, we need to 
specify whether we are talking about overall gain (which includes the loss 
factor) or directivity alone.

73,
John


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "James Moritz" <j.r.moritz@herts.ac.uk>
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Subject: LF: 1000km exceeded on 73kHz
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<?smaller>From Johan, SM6LKM:<br><br><?color><?param 7F00,0000,0000>&gt; Hello All,<br>&gt; <br>&gt; <br>&gt; I had the pleasure to work G3YXM crossband on 73 kHz / 80 m this<br>&gt; morning. QRB 1122 km.<br>&gt; <br><br><?/color>Dear LF Group,<br>	Congratulations to Johan &amp; Dave on a great "first" - perhaps <br>we should get the stateside guys to listen out on 73kHz!<br><br>Cheers, Jim Moritz<br>73 de M0BMU<?color><?param 0100,0100,0100><?bigger><br><br>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Alan Melia" <Alan.Melia@btinternet.com>
To: "rsgb_lf_group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: Hungary  spotted on 136
Date: Thu, 9 Mar 2000 17:03:28 -0000
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Hi all, there is a spot for the 6th March on my local DX Cluster reporting
HA6PC active with a reputed 500m of wire!! The time was 1800z and the signal
was reported weak by OM5RW. So this may be a skywave QSO, after dark....no
more recent spots.

Cheers de Alan G3NYK
Alan.Melia@btinternet.com




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Hi Rik,

Mirrors don't really reverse left and right any more than they reverse top
and bottom, what they really reverse is front and back.
The word I think you were looking for is anti-phase. Don't worry about the
English, you are better than many native English speakers.

John, G4CNN






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From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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References: <3.0.1.16.20000309110614.2c7f39fc@mail.cc.kuleuven.ac.be> <12613263.952543214775.JavaMail.imail@bubbles.excite.com> <3.0.1.16.20000309131959.21d7453a@mail.cc.kuleuven.ac.be>
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Rik Strobbe wrote:
> 
> At 10:16 9/03/00 -0000, G3XDV wrote:
> >> Due to its directivity, a short vertical monopole has a gain of 2.6dB over
> >> a dipole (4.77dBi versus 2.15dBi for a dipole).
> >
> >Careful! Surely this assumes perfect ground, doesn't it? Even at
> >HF, I think most amateurs would prefer to use a vertical dipole than
> >a ground-plane antenna.
> 
> Good point. I have been breaking my mind about that for some while. But it
> seems to me that we take the inperfect ground into account already with the
> ground-loss resistance, so do we have to take it into account a second time ?

In theory, for a perfect loss-free situation, a short vertical monopole
has 100% of the power applied, whereas the dipole effectively has 50%
applied to each side.  The directivity of the single element short
vertical monopole is slightly less than the dipole (effectively a two
element monopole), so from a basic consideration one can see that the
gain figures from theory (see above) are intuitively about right.  The
gain difference between 4.77dBi for the short vertical monopole versus
2.15dBi for a dipole is 2.62 dB (a power ratio of 50% versus 100% is 3
dB).  Also note that the input resistance of the short vertical monopole
lower than that of the (balanced) dipole input resistance (in quarter
wave monopoles vs dipoles, the monopole resistance is half that of the
dipole).

In the practical LF situation, the short vertical monopole is
unavoidably located over lossy ground.  Consequently the input
resistance is always HIGHER than the theoretical case for a loss-free
ground plane.  I am less sure about what to do when applying this to the
regulatory situation where a limit is set on e.i.r.p. and whether it is
fair to bundle the 2.62 dB figure into the e.i.r.p. calculation.  My
suggestion is to not include it, as the input resistance of a practical
short monopole is always a lot higher than the theoretical loss-free
model, so it is invalid to directly apply the theory applicable to loss
free situations.  

I am aware that taking this approach means that amateur transmitters
could be increased to about double the applied power to comply with a
given regulatory limit.  Amateurs would be very happy to use a loss-free
ground plane, but the reality is that they are not available in
practice.  Thus I question the applicability of loss-free theory being
used to estimate radiated power.

Bob ZL2CA



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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A very good article on the subject of antenna radiation is available
at

http://www.ednmag.com/ednmag/reg/2000/03022000/05ms624.htm

73
Andre' N4ICK







From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "James Moritz" <j.r.moritz@herts.ac.uk>
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Dear LF Group,

Very interested to read the discussion on antennas - a couple of 
things:

Ground planes: it seems to me that the ground isn't much like a 
plane at all; at LF, the skin depth of the ground is from several 
metres to tens of metres, depending on the type of ground - similar 
to or larger than the height of most amateur antennas. Therefore, a 
considerable part of the field of the antenna must be within the 
ground itself. It might be better to think of such antennas as 
asymmetrical dipoles, one side of which (the ground system) are 
embedded in a lossy dielectric (the ground).

The other thing is about ground waves and sky waves; OH2LX's 
comments about how much of each are produced by a given 
antenna, and whether anybody knows, are most fascinating. It 
certainly seems to me that ground waves are a different thing to 
waves in free space; looking at the literature, there are whole 
classes of surface wave propagation modes where the surface of 
a conductor, or the interface between two dielectrics, acts as a 
sort of one-sided wave guide. There are many types of microwave 
antenna that use these modes, and a copy of the RSGB handbook 
from the 1960's features a single-wire  low loss UHF transmission 
line using a surface wave mode. Then again, the field strength 
produced by the ground wave, at least when the ground is good, 
and the distance fairly short, is supposed to be close to the value 
arrived at for the 'free space' antenna. Apparently, measurements 
confirm this. Software such as EZNEC gives the result that there is 
zero propagation along the horizontal with anything other than 
perfectly conducting ground, but we all know this is not so.

I would be very interested to see the article Vaino refers to, if he 
could tell me where it can be obtained.

Hope this makes some sense....

Cheers, Jim Moritz
73 de M0BMU
	


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Fri, 10 Mar 2000 11:32:41
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: "Rik Strobbe" <rik.strobbe@fys.kuleuven.ac.be>
Subject: LF: gain of short vertical monopole
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I am very pleased with the discusion about the 'gain' (ahum ... apart from
the many dB groundloss) of a short vertical monopole. It is very
interesting to read the various points of view.

What about following experiment :
1. Someone with good 'ground-connection' (let's say less than 50 Ohm loss)
adjusts the TX power to get a certain antennacurrent. The (relative)
signalstrength is measured accurately (can be done by one or more other
hams at their stations).
2. Now the TX station disconnects the 'ground-connection'. This (hopefully)
will increase the groundloss to a significantly higher value. The TX power
now is adjusted (increased) to get exactly the same antennacurrent as in 1.
The (relative) signalstrength is now measured again and compared to the
signalstrength of 1.

If the signalstrength has changed this indicates that the 'gain' is
dependent of the groundloss (and vice versa).

The distance between TX and RX should be in the 30 to 100km range and maybe
the experiment is best done during daytime. This makes shure that you are
measuring the 'far-field' and surface wave.
The Rx stations should measure the relative signalstrength with an
AF-voltmeter at the audio-output of the RX (or using spectogram with linear
scale) and you might need a very sharp eye to see any differences on a
(more or less logaritmic) s-meter.

In practice it might be better to start with step 2 (at full TX power) and
the reduce the power to get the same antennacurrent is step 1.

73, Rik ON7YD


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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>From Johan Bodin

> I had the pleasure to work G3YXM crossband on 73 kHz / 80 m this
> morning. QRB 1122 km.

Congratulations to Johan and Dave


I tried a 73/137 sked with Johan this morning (Friday) but was unsuccessful


Have done some 72kHz tests with IK5ZPV. Valerio has sent a .jpg of my 
signal received at 2155 on Wed 8th showing 'LDO' then the K 
disapearing below the noise (or was it the Alps speckles).

I have an ex-something amplifier with a nice heatsink and a lot of 
BD545Ds and BD546Ds. I can't find any data on these devices - can anyone help?


-- 
Regards, Peter, G3LDO

<g3ldo@zetnet.co.uk>







From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Gasparik Richard" <Richard.Gasparik@siemens.sk>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: LF: RE: Hungary  spotted on 136
Date: Fri, 10 Mar 2000 11:44:43 +0100
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Hi LFers...

I spoked with Csaba HA6PX and he told me, that Gyuri HA6PC just tested his
TX on monday.
But HA6PC will be QRV on 136 for the first time on the afternoon of friday
10th until
Saturday morning. He will be using 120 Watts and 500m long wire antenna.
They will operate 
from HG6N QTH from JN98VE (about 150m from OM/HA boarder).

Rich OM2TW

> -----Original Message-----
> From:	Alan Melia [SMTP:Alan.Melia@btinternet.com]
> Sent:	9. marec 2000 18:03
> To:	rsgb_lf_group
> Subject:	LF: Hungary  spotted on 136
> 
> Hi all, there is a spot for the 6th March on my local DX Cluster reporting
> HA6PC active with a reputed 500m of wire!! The time was 1800z and the
> signal
> was reported weak by OM5RW. So this may be a skywave QSO, after dark....no
> more recent spots.
> 
> Cheers de Alan G3NYK
> Alan.Melia@btinternet.com
> 
> 


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Fri, 10 Mar 2000 13:19:10
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: "Rik Strobbe" <rik.strobbe@fys.kuleuven.ac.be>
Subject: Re: LF: Re: LF
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>I have an ex-something amplifier with a nice heatsink and a lot of 
>BD545Ds and BD546Ds. I can't find any data on these devices - can anyone
help?

BD454D :
- NPN
- TOP66 package
- Vcb max = 120V
- Vce max = 120V
- Veb max = 5V
- Ic max = 15A
- Ft min = 3MHz
- Hfe = 25 minimum

BD546D :
- PNP
all other data same as BD454D

Leads (for both, seen from below with mounting surface down) :

     +-----------+
    /             \
   |   B   C   E   |
   +---------------+

73, Rik  ON7YD



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Dick Rollema" <d.w.rollema@freeler.nl>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
References: <8438.200003092109@gemini>
Subject: LF: Re: Antennas
Date: Fri, 10 Mar 2000 12:30:21 +0100
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To All from PA0SE

Jim, M0MBU, wrote:

>Software such as EZNEC gives the result that there is
> zero propagation along the horizontal with anything other than
> perfectly conducting ground, but we all know this is not so.

That is so because the program does not compute the surface wave.
Maker Roy Lewallen, W7EL, wrote to me:

"'Only the professional versions of EZNEC (EZNEC-M and EZNEC/4) directly
report the ground wave. However, a reasonable approximation of the ground
wave strength can be gotten by using the EZNEC near field analysis. This is
because the "near field" analysis actually calculates the total field, both
near and far, including the ground wave. The near field analysis results are
available only as numbers; they are not plotted as a graphical pattern".

I found out that the same applies to the program AO by K6STI that I use.

In the region where field strength of the ground wave decreases in a linear
way with distance the ground wave fills the area between the pattern lobe
presented by EZNEC or AO and the surface and the result resembles the
pattern that the programs (and text books) show as the vertical radiation
pattern of a short vertical antenna over perfect ground.

73, Dick, PA0SE








From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Gasparik Richard" <Richard.Gasparik@siemens.sk>
To: "Rsgb_Lf_Group \(E-mail\)" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: CEPT document...
Date: Fri, 10 Mar 2000 13:29:55 +0100
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Hi LFers...

Have anyone an CEPT document with recomendation for hams to use 136kHz ?

Rich OM2TW


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Subject: Re: LF: CEPT document...
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Gasparik Richard wrote:
> 
> Hi LFers...
> 
> Have anyone an CEPT document with recomendation for hams to use 136kHz ?

The relevant document is "CEPT/ERC Recommendation 62-01".

It is available at 
   http://www.ero.dk/doc98/Official/HTML/REC6201E.HTM

--Magne / LA1BFA


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Hans-Joachim Brandt" <hajo.brandt.dj1zb@t-online.de>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
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Subject: Re: LF: Re: LF BD545/546
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Hello all, 

here are some Bd545/546 data:

All BD545 are NPNs, all BD546 are PNPs, all peak current 15 A and dissipation 85 
Watts at Tcase 25 degs Celsius, Ft > 3 MHz, B >25 at 5 A; Case "TO-3 plastic" 
(B-19 X-86)

Uce-max:
BD545/546 40 V
A versions 60 V
B versions 80 V
C versions 100 V
D versions 120 V 

Manufacturer : Texas Instruments

73 Ha-Jo, DJ1ZB


Peter Dodd schrieb:
> >From Johan Bodin
>
> > I had the pleasure to work G3YXM crossband on 73 kHz / 80 m this
> > morning. QRB 1122 km.
>
> Congratulations to Johan and Dave
>
>
> I tried a 73/137 sked with Johan this morning (Friday) but was unsuccessful
>
>
> Have done some 72kHz tests with IK5ZPV. Valerio has sent a .jpg of my 
> signal received at 2155 on Wed 8th showing 'LDO' then the K 
> disapearing below the noise (or was it the Alps speckles).
>
> I have an ex-something amplifier with a nice heatsink and a lot of 
> BD545Ds and BD546Ds. I can't find any data on these devices - can anyone help?
>
>
> -- 
> Regards, Peter, G3LDO
>
> <g3ldo@zetnet.co.uk>
>
>



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Gasparik Richard schrieb:
> Hi LFers...
>
> Have anyone an CEPT document with recomendation for hams to use 136kHz ?
>
> Rich OM2TW
>
It should be possible to find it on the ERO server
http://www.ero.dk

The CEPT Recommendation T/R 62-01 has come into force on 25. April 1997.

I have tried to find it but I did not get through.

73 Ha-Jo, DJ1ZB



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Date: Fri, 10 Mar 2000 16:03:39
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: "Rik Strobbe" <rik.strobbe@fys.kuleuven.ac.be>
Subject: LF: read something about LF
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Over the past years I got a small collection of articles about 136kHz or
related topics. Last night I did put the information together and placed it
on my web-page :

http://www.qsl.net/on7yd/136lit.htm

At this moment you will find there a small (and incomplete) overview of
what you can read about LF and where to find it. But with YOUR help I can
extend this list, so in case you know other books, articles or magazines
covering LF related topics please let me know.
Thanks in advance.

73, Rik  ON7YD


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Gasparik Richard" <Richard.Gasparik@siemens.sk>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: RE: LF: CEPT document...
Date: Fri, 10 Mar 2000 15:36:16 +0100
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Thank you...

> -----Original Message-----
> From:	Magne Mahre [SMTP:magne@radar.no]
> Sent:	10. marec 2000 14:00
> To:	rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
> Subject:	Re: LF: CEPT document...
> 
> Gasparik Richard wrote:
> > 
> > Hi LFers...
> > 
> > Have anyone an CEPT document with recomendation for hams to use 136kHz ?
> 
> The relevant document is "CEPT/ERC Recommendation 62-01".
> 
> It is available at 
>    http://www.ero.dk/doc98/Official/HTML/REC6201E.HTM
> 
> --Magne / LA1BFA


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Fri, 10 Mar 2000 17:39:18
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: "Rik Strobbe" <rik.strobbe@fys.kuleuven.ac.be>
Subject: Re: LF: Re: LF
In-reply-to: <3.0.1.16.20000310131910.21e7bae4@mail.cc.kuleuven.ac.be>
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At 13:19 10/03/00, I wrote:
>BD454D :
>- NPN
>- TOP66 package
>- Vcb max = 120V
>- Vce max = 120V
>- Veb max = 5V
>- Ic max = 15A
>- Ft min = 3MHz
>- Hfe = 25 minimum

Must be BD545D, data are correct.

73, Rik  ON7YD


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: =?iso-8859-1?Q?V=E4in=F6_Lehtoranta?= <vaiski@dlc.fi>
Subject: LF: Signal Strength Measurements by OH2LX
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Measurements of UK Decca's and some other stations :
----------------------------------------------------------
Day ------------------   06Mar  07Mar  08Mar  09Mar  10Mar
                          MON    TUE    WED    THU    FRI  
Time, UTC ------------   2140-  2145-  2145-  2150-  2235-
----------------------------------------------------------
kHz    Ch   *d,km  AZI*     *Indicated ESH2 input, dBmW*
----------------------------------------------------------
127.8 (6C),  1435, 280,   -101   -103   -100   -103   -100
----------------------------------------------------------
126.7 (2A),  1565, 269,   -102   -101   -106   -100    -99
----------------------------------------------------------
128.5 (8E),  1766, 276,   -104   -102   -102   -100   -100  
----------------------------------------------------------
127.0 (3B),  1871, 257,   -104   -106   -104   -104   -104
----------------------------------------------------------
127.5 (5B),  1890, 247,   -100   -105   -104    -99   -102
----------------------------------------------------------
128.2 (7D),  2060, 267,   -118   -111   -120   -111   -111
----------------------------------------------------------
126.4 (1B),  2282, 253,   -113   -113   -110   -109   -109
----------------------------------------------------------
kHz    Ch   *d,km  AZI*     *Indicated ESH2 input, dBmW*
----------------------------------------------------------
128.93 ref,  1553, 228,    -79    -83    -81    -80    -80
----------------------------------------------------------
138.83 ref,  1221, 226,    -77    -87    -80    -77    -79
----------------------------------------------------------
135.8  SXV** 2490, 182,   -100   -107   -107    OFF   -107
----------------------------------------------------------
137.0  CFH*  5750, 295,    Nil    Nil   -131    Nil    Nil
----------------------------------------------------------
* CFH weakly audible also on the 6th after 2215 UTC.
----------------------------------------------------------
** SXV deep steep minimum on the 10th, 2312: -125(Min)
----------------------------------------------------------
06Mar 2150: OH1BS  -109; 2201: -115
06Mar 2155: SM6PXJ -126; 2205: -125
06Mar 2217: OH1TN  -110..-107(f)
07Mar 2022: G3KEV  -125; 2105: -126
07Mar 2108: OH1TN  -111..-109(f); 2142: -107..-113(f)
07Mar 2118: OH7OL  -132; 2150: -125..-117, 2200: -119..-107!
08Mar 2200: OH1BS  -104..-102(f)
09Mar 2119: OH1BS  -109
09Mar 2203: SM6PXJ -115; 2209: -115
10Mar 2243: OH1BS  -107..-104(f); 2312: -113..-111(f)
----------------------------------------------------------
(R&S ESH2/---- 10m coax---/1:10/---15m wire-----):
Noise level with antenna: with 200Hz IF BandWidth: 
-26..-22 dB(uV), -133..-129dBmW (varies w qrm etc)
----------------------------------------------------------
End of message of 11 Mar 2000, 0655 UTC, from OH2LX




----------------------------------------------------------
V.K.Lehtoranta, OH2LX, POBox 50, FIN-05401 Jokela, Finland
------ Tel: +358-9-4173965 ---- Fax: +358-9-4173961 ------
E-mail: vaiski@dlc.fi - alias: oh2lx@dlc.fi & oh2lx@sral.fi


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "f1tay" <f1tay@wanadoo.fr>
To: "lfgroup" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: RADIO MONTE CARLO  LF TRANSMITTER
Date: Sun, 12 Mar 2000 09:31:12 -0000
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Photos and history of RADIO MONTE-CARLO (1400 kW transmitter on 216 kHz) at
the french speaking site:
http://rmcstory.free.fr

-----Message d'origine-----
De : RMC STORY <rmcstory@free.fr>
Groupes de discussion : fr.rec.radio
Date : dimanche 12 mars 2000 00:41
Objet : L'histoire de RMC


>Salut à tous !
>
>Nous avons consacré un site à RMC, station qui nous est chère ici dans le
>Sud.
>
>Retrouvez sur http://rmcstory.free.fr l'histoire de RMC mais aussi des
>photos et des extraits sonores.
>
>Merci de votre visite
>
>



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system test


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Alan Melia" <Alan.Melia@btinternet.com>
To: "rsgb_lf_group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: DX Cluster spots for 11/12 March at GB7DXM
Date: Sun, 12 Mar 2000 22:33:10 -0000
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Hi All not much listening done here this weekend.
Friday 10th
Nice QRS signals from Jim M0BMU and Peter G3LDO on 73K abt 2100z, but I had
a couple of telephone calls which disrupted operations a bit. I just saw the
'KX' of a signal on about 71.84kHz which I think from the strength must have
been Mike G3XDV

Saturday and Sunday seemed quite 'quiet' from the QRN  point of view, even
the local noise was down...lots of loran lines on the waterfall display.
There was a strange signal appeared on Sunday with a carrier at 136.87kHz
with two sets of sidebands at +/- 50Hz, 150Hz, 250Hz (latter vy weak) It
peaked with my loop slightly south of east. I havent seem that one before,
but I didn't log the time, probably around 1330z.

Nice 'O' DFCW signal from DF8ZR cq at 1600z, not strong but fully readable.
Sunday seemed a bit low on activity when I listened for a while at abt 1000z

Most of the entries on the Cluster this week seem to be from Wolf again.
G3NYK de GB7DXM   12-Mar 2156Z >
   136.3  MM0ALM      12-Mar-2000 1849Z  559 vvvv
<DL1SAN>
   136.7  OZ8NJ       12-Mar-2000 1724Z  439 cq
<DL1SAN>
   136.3  DK5PT       12-Mar-2000 1719Z  559 calling hb2asb 559
<DL1SAN>
   136.8  DJ5BV       12-Mar-2000 1650Z  569 cq
<DL1SAN>
   136.8  DJ1YI       12-Mar-2000 0852Z  439 cq
<DL1SAN>
   136.7  G4GVC       12-Mar-2000 0832Z  429 cq
<DL1SAN>
   136.3  HB2ASB      11-Mar-2000 2031Z  539 cq
<DL1SAN>
   136.5  DK9DX       11-Mar-2000 1441Z  57 nr Ffm  cq cq
<DL3FDO>
   136.8  OE5ODL      11-Mar-2000 1418Z  CQ, 539 ON MY 160M VERT
<DK8NG>
   136.7  DK9DX       11-Mar-2000 1351Z  539 in qso with oe5odl 579
<DL1SAN>
   136.4  PA0SE       11-Mar-2000 1006Z  549
<DL1SAN>
   136.4  G4GVC       11-Mar-2000 0910Z  339 cq
<DL1SAN>
   136.9  DJ1RL       11-Mar-2000 0802Z  569 cq
<DL1SAN>
   136.3  HB2ASB      10-Mar-2000 1825Z  579 cq
<DL1SAN>
   136.6  OE5ODL      10-Mar-2000 1824Z  569 in qso with dk1is 439
<DL1SAN>
   136.7  IK5ZPV      10-Mar-2000 1727Z  439 cq
<DL1SAN>
   136.5  DJ6FU        9-Mar-2000 1645Z  cq 439
<DL1SAN>
   137.0  DJ6FU        7-Mar-2000 1803Z  cq (569)
<DJ5BV>
   136.8  HA6PC        6-Mar-2000 1833Z  very veak hr in JN98DO
<OM5RW>
   136.7  HA6PC        6-Mar-2000 1814Z  500m wire...
<HA6PX-1>
G3NYK de GB7DXM   12-Mar 2202Z >
  1800.0  DK5PT       12-Mar-2000 1206Z       136.9   329
<DJ1RL>
  1800.0  DL1SAN      12-Mar-2000 0840Z      136.9   539
<DJ1RL>
  1800.0  DJ6FU        9-Mar-2000 1658Z  cq 136.65 kHz
<G3NYK>
G3NYK de GB7DXM   12-Mar 2213Z >

73 de Alan G3NYK   JO02PB
Alan.Melia@btinternet.com




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Gasparik Richard" <Richard.Gasparik@siemens.sk>
To: "Rsgb_Lf_Group \(E-mail\)" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: OM2TW Activity report 11.3.2000
Date: Mon, 13 Mar 2000 09:43:28 +0100
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Hi LFers...

I was QRV on 136, but not on friday (to much work in my QRL).
I started on saturday at 1300Z and I worked HG6N (new one), 
HA6PC, HA6PX and OM3ZAS (first OM/OM QSO). Jozef OM3ZAS
is the second station in Slovakia, his QTH is Kosice KN08PQ.
Jozef made the first OM/HA QSO on 8.3.2000 at 1556Z with HA6PC (congrats).
Than I worked VCW and had a QSO with I5TGC and OK1FIG (first OM/OK QSO).
I saw on my spectrogram ? ? G3..., but QRN was very strong and a storm came
in my QTH. Because lot of water and static I must QRT at 1940Z.

73 de Rich OM2TW




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From: "Petr Maly" <p.maly@gmc.net>
To: "136 group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: First OK/OM QSO
Date: Mon, 13 Mar 2000 09:56:11 +0100
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Hello all
Saturday evening I had a QSO with Rich, OM2TW on Visual-CW. You can see his
Gram at:
http://mujweb.cz/www/ok1fig/s_galler.htm
This is the first OK/OM QSO regardless mode. I did this QSO from home QTH,
LW 41 m in 6 m, abt 60 W RF.
I hope to get to the cottage this weekend, weather permitting.

73, Petr, OK1FIG





From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Mon, 13 Mar 2000 09:34:12 +0000
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: "Mike Dennison" <mike@dennison.demon.co.uk>
Subject: LF: weekend report 11/12 Mar
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Saturday 11 March 
Had crossband QSO with HB2ASB at 0720UTC, me on 71.8kHz, him on 137.7kHz
QRSs. Exchanged 'O'/'O' reports. Distance 778km.
Back on 136kHz, heard G4GVC (599) and PA0SE (569), and saw PA2NJN on
QRSs at 'O'. 
Very little time on the air. 

Sunday 12 March 
Good conditions. CFH was S9 at 0645, and S5 at 0800. 
Heard GW4ALG (599); ON4ZK (559); G4GVC (599); GI3PDN (unusually weak at
539); DJ9IE (549); PA2NJN (439); DK5PT (429) and G3YXM (599). 


-- 
Mike, G3XDV
IO91VT
http://www.dennison.demon.co.uk/activity.htm


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Mon, 13 Mar 2000 09:57:26 +0000
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: "Mike Dennison" <mike@dennison.demon.co.uk>
Subject: LF: web site
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My web site has been up for a year now. For interest, here are some
statistics. These are taken solely from those accessing the weekly
updated Activity page, and other pages accesses are not included. 

Visitors 1391
Weekly average 25
Highest in one week 55
Peak access time 1200-1300
Peak day Monday
Highest number of users in identifiable countries in order: US
Commercial (probably not all located in the US), UK, Germany,
Netherlands, Italy, Ireland, Belgium. Sweden.
Total number of countries: 30
Most incoming links are from: The Longwave Club of America, Deutscher
Amateur Radio Club (DARC), G3XBM, G3YXM.
External search engines have found the site mainly from the following
words: LF, antenna, marconi, longwave, radio.


-- 
Mike, G3XDV
IO91VT
http://www.dennison.demon.co.uk/activity.htm


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Message-ID: <000801bf8ce7$cba53880$739c01d5@default>
From: "Alan Melia" <Alan.Melia@btinternet.com>
To: "rsgb_lf_group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: Additional DX Cluster spots from DB0MBX
Date: Mon, 13 Mar 2000 12:23:48 -0000
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These additional spots appeared on DB0MBX and were not propagated to GB7DXM.
Thanks Wolf  DL1SAN for the qsp.

   136.8  OM2TW       11-Mar-2000 1552Z  cq 539/549 ts850 @ 1 el 7
MH<om5cw-2>
   136.9  OM2TW       11-Mar-2000 1535Z  no 136.6
<om1bm>
   136.6  OM2TW       11-Mar-2000 1532Z  CQ NW
<om2km>
   136.9  OM2TW       11-Mar-2000 1527Z  CQ
<om2km>
   136.9  OM2TW       11-Mar-2000 1522Z  Zkusime Visual-CW, Riso?
<ok1fig>
   137.0  OM2TW       11-Mar-2000 1516Z  599
<om2km>
   136.9  OM2TW       11-Mar-2000 1512Z  cq
<om5cw>
   137.0  OM2TW       11-Mar-2000 1507Z
<om5cw>
   136.9  I5MXX       11-Mar-2000 1442Z
<om2tw>
   137.1  HA6PX       11-Mar-2000 1405Z  CQ
<om2tw>
   137.2  HA6PC       11-Mar-2000 1333Z
<ha6nl>
   136.8  HA6PC       11-Mar-2000 1146Z
<ha6knb>
   136.7  IK5ZPV      10-Mar-2000 2049Z  qso with oh1bs
<s57a-4>
   136.9  HA6PC       10-Mar-2000 1726Z
<ha6px>
  137.7  I5TGC        7-Mar-2000 2037Z  slow cw 579
<s57a-5>

73 de Alan G3NYK
Alan.Melia@btinternet.com




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "C Andersson" <sm6pxj@swipnet.se>
To: "RSGB LF group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: Commercial FS measurements documented
Date: Mon, 13 Mar 2000 19:36:18 +0100
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I found some interesting documents concerning FS measurements on 300 kHz at the 
website of ITS, Boulder, Colorado (Institute for Telecommunications Sciences).

http://www.its.bldrdoc.gov/pub/dgps98/
http://www.its.bldrdoc.gov/pub/dgps97/

Calculation procedure:
http://www.its.bldrdoc.gov/pub/dgps98/appdx_a.pdf

In the summary:
"The dependence of field strength with distance from the transmitter is in good agreement with the predictions of propagation models in the absence of irregular terrain."

I have made some more measurements which are published on my home page. There is still a 5-6 dB discrepancy between calculated and measured values. Next step will be to improve the radial system with lengths of chicken net near the antenna base + ordinary radials and see what happens with the "missing dB's".


73
sm6pxj, Christer

( http://home5.swipnet.se/~w-54761/fs.htm )



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Valerio" <valerio@mailsrv.dii.unisi.it>
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Hello all,
there is someone that can tell me a way to reach ON4ZK to fix a LF sked.
?

Thanks and 73, Valerio (IK5ZPV)



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Tue, 14 Mar 2000 04:43:26 -0500
From: "Holger 'Geri', DK8KW" <DK8KW@compuserve.com>
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Hello Valerio,

I think that ON4ZK can be reached on the packet network. If you like, I can
send him a message tonight.

Best regards

Geri, DK8KW (W1KW)


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Message-ID: <006001bf8df6$f47d8040$2c19bed4@DeWildeg>
From: "Gaspard De Wilde" <on4zk@vt4.net>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: LF: Re: Info
Date: Tue, 14 Mar 2000 21:04:03 +0100
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dear om, valerio
I read every day the news on this group, but till now I did 'nt  go in
discution!!
i like to try the contact with your station.... for sked my email
:on4zk@vt4.net.be
or packet radio on4zk@on6ar.ant.be.eu  es 73 to all de Gaspard  ON4ZK
an: Valerio <valerio@mailsrv.dii.unisi.it>
Aan: LF Group <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Datum: dinsdag 14 maart 2000 10:19
Onderwerp: LF: Info


>Hello all,
>there is someone that can tell me a way to reach ON4ZK to fix a LF sked.
>?
>
>Thanks and 73, Valerio (IK5ZPV)
>
>
>




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Peter Dodd" <g3ldo@zetnet.co.uk>
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Subject: LF: Re: 72/137kHz X-band QSO
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Had a two-way LF QSO with IK5ZPV, starting at 2030UTC this evening 
(14/2/00), my transmitter on 71.812kHz and Valerio on 137.70kHz. 
Reports 'O' both ways. QSB most noticable with the signals on both 
bands peaking at 2100 and fading below the noise half an hour later. 
The distance between our stations is 1144km.

-- 
Regards, Peter, G3LDO

<g3ldo@zetnet.co.uk>







From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Alan Melia" <Alan.Melia@btinternet.com>
To: "rsgb_lf_group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: Balloon flying
Date: Tue, 14 Mar 2000 23:58:48 -0000
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Hi All, as a result of the donation of some old mags I came across the
following table in an article in 73 mag (April 1972 ), which may be of
interest to those without a tower contemplating a BIG vertical. The table
relates to lift generated by a helium filled balloon at different gas
temperatures.

Balloon        Gas vol         lift (lb)         lift (lb)
diam. ft          cu.ft.         @0degC       @20degC
2                   4                0.25               0.25
3                  14               1                    0.75
4                  33               2                    2
5                  65               4                    4
6                 113              7                    7
7                 180             12                  11
8                 268             18                  17
9                 381             26                  24
10               523             36                  33
11               696             48                  44
12               904             62                  58
Sorry to our metric friends (1ft=0.3m and 1lb=0.45kgm or there abouts) I
think metres are unknown the other side of the pond. They even measure the
size of the engine bay in cubic inches (It IS the engine bay isn't it?)

It goes on up to 16 feet diameter but I reckon if you have got a big enough
garden to blow up a 16 foot diameter ballon you have enough room for tower!
He mentions flying a 160foot vertical with an 8foot weather balloon inflated
to 3.5 feet diameter. (He ran out of gas). He also relates burning out a
30AWG aerial wire with about 180 watts on 80m. Though I must admit I have no
idea how he derives an impedance of feed 50ohms for the end of a halfwave!
That shouldn't bother us as, at least I, will be quite happy with a quarter
wave on 136!

Cheers de Alan G3NYK
Alan.Melia@btinternet.com




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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In a message dated 3/14/00 7:10:13 PM Eastern Standard Time, 
Alan.Melia@btinternet.com writes:

<< I  think metres are unknown the other side of the pond. They even measure 
 the size of the engine bay in cubic inches >>

Well, fans of classic engines measure displacement in cubic inches, but most 
of us nowadays refer to ours in liters...which is also how we buy Coca-Cola 
and other non-alcoholic beverages.  Strangely, though, we still buy fuel for 
our engines by the gallon.

The reason for this dichotomy would make an interesting research project for 
a doctoral candidate somewhere, I should think.  <g>

73,
John




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Wed, 15 Mar 2000 19:07:17
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: "Rik Strobbe" <rik.strobbe@fys.kuleuven.ac.be>
Subject: LF: Umbrella antennas
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searching for information about umbrella antennas I came across following
reference :

Folded Umbrella Antenna (WB5IIR)
Ham Radio Magazine, May 1979 p.38

Anyone who has this magazine and can check if this article is something
that can be used on LF ?

73, Rik  ON7YD



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Hi All.
I have located a site on the west coast of Ireland for some serious
transalantic tests when someone in the USA/Canada is ready with suitable
antennas and power. The site consists of 4 acres overlooking the sea,
located near Westport, Mayo, with plenty of room for a good antenna
array.
I will reactivate my old call EI2AE  and since I am now a full time
radio amateur can be available when required. There is also another site
available in NW Ireland near Castlerock/Portstewart, again overlooking
the sea, with plenty of acreage for antennas, callsign GI3KEV.
If and when someone across the atlantic is set up for 136 khz I will set
the necessary wheels in motion.
These are rural small farm sites and belong to friends and do not
involve any other  radio amateurs, and available to me when required.

73 de Mal/G3KEV








From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "C Andersson" <sm6pxj@swipnet.se>
To: "RSGB LF group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: More LF documents on the web
Date: Wed, 15 Mar 2000 20:19:46 +0100
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While browsing around the net I found the following documents which might be of interest.

"Technique for building and calibrating VLF/LF receive loop antennas"
http://www.nosc.mil/sti/publications/biblio/VERYLOWFREQUENCIES.HTML
Unfortunately the photos are a bit dark.

And furthermore:

"Dipole and monopole antenna gain and effective area for communication formulas"
which says:
"A comparison involving antenna measurements and performance predictions has sometimes revealed a 6-dB discrepancy between the ground-wave transmission measurements and the correspondning calculations" 
That 6 dB sounds familiar to me.
http://www.nosc.mil/sti/publications/biblio/ANTENNAS.HTML

/sm6pxj




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Wed, 15 Mar 2000 15:24:58 -0500
From: "Howard Aspinall" <100646.144@compuserve.com>
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Subject: LF: Balloon flying
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Greeting

I have used balloon borne aerials on 160m in the past, and anyone
contemplating doing so is advised to consult with the Civil Aviation
Authority first. There were, and probably still are rules regarding the use
of tethered balloons over a specific height. I can't remember what that
height was, but if it is exceeded the rules have to be observed, and
include things like providing lights and notifying the CAA.

No doubt also it goes without saying that one can easily get a very high
static build up on large verticals which are not electrically connected to
a good earth, so steps are needed to protect the equipment, and operators
from these.

On a more light hearted note, on one instance in the past when a group of
us was out portable with a 160m half wave vertical supported by a met
balloon filled with helium, we observed a number of local officers of the
law converging on our site very warily. It transpired a local farmer had
reported seeing a UFO (the balloon), and the officers concerned were
worried about walking into a strange encounter and being "beamed up". All
ended well, but there could be some merit in keeping the local constabulary
informed of such experiments.

73..Howard/G3RXH


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Steve Olney" <ollaneg@zeta.org.au>
To: "lf-amrad" <lf@amrad.org>
Cc: "RSGB LF Group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>, 
 "LowFexp" <lofexp@egroups.com>,
 "LowFerQTH" <lowfer@qth.net>
Date: Thu, 16 Mar 2000 08:09:24 +1100
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G'day All,

There have been a bunch of C-level flares recently - peaking at around the
11th-12th March.  It will be interesting to see if the Planetary A index
rises to a high level as before and then if LF conditions are enhanced as
before.   The effects should arrive around the 16th-17th judging from the
solar wind speed at the moment.  It would be great if there is a
correlation.

My apologies to those who will receive multiple copies of this because they
subscribe to more than one LF reflector - I know how annoyed I get when
someone forwards from one reflector to another and I end up with 4 copies of
each of up half-a-dozen different messages in my inbox.  I won't make this a
habit - I promise :-)

73s Steve Olney (VK2ZTO/AXSO - QF56IK : Lat -33 34 07, Long +150 44 40)
=============================================
HomePage URLs:
http://www.qsl.net/vk2zto
http://www.zeta.org.au/~ollaneg

Containing:-
Laser Comms DX
LF Experimentation
Amateur Radio Astronomy
=============================================


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From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Wed, 15 Mar 2000 22:15:23 GMT
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Further to the report of  the LF cross-band QSO with IK5ZPV posted on 
the reflector yesterday I received a .jpg from 
 Cesare Tagliabue   I 5 TGC. It shows my 72kHz signal, giving an 'O' 
report to IK5ZPV.   
If you see the  I 5 TGC. antenna and its environment  on < 
http://www.dadacasa.com/i5tgc> you will realise that it is a 
remarkable achievement to get such an antenna working efficiently, 
even on receive,  on 73kHz.
 Obviously  Cesare does not understand the the English word "impossible".




-- 
Regards, Peter, G3LDO

<g3ldo@zetnet.co.uk>







From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Subject: LF: Signal Strength Measurements by OH2LX
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Measurements of UK Decca's and some other stations :
----------------------------------------------------------
Day ------------------   11Mar  12Mar  13Mar  14Mar  15Mar
                          SAT    SUN    MON    TUE    WED  
Time, UTC ------------   2125-  2150-  2115-  2140-  2150-
----------------------------------------------------------
kHz    Ch   *d,km  AZI*     *Indicated ESH2 input, dBmW*
----------------------------------------------------------
127.8 (6C),  1435, 280,   -104   -101    -99    -99   -101
----------------------------------------------------------
126.7 (2A),  1565, 269,   -101   -100   -101    -99   -101
----------------------------------------------------------
128.5 (8E),  1766, 276,   -105   -104    -99    -99   -103  
----------------------------------------------------------
127.0 (3B),  1871, 257,   -106   -101   -105   -101   -102
----------------------------------------------------------
127.5 (5B),  1890, 247,   -102   -101   -104   -100    -97
----------------------------------------------------------
128.2 (7D),  2060, 267,   -114   -109   -115   -106   -110
----------------------------------------------------------
126.4 (1B),  2282, 253,   -111   -107   -113   -108   -111
----------------------------------------------------------
kHz    Ch   *d,km  AZI*     *Indicated ESH2 input, dBmW*
----------------------------------------------------------
128.93 ref,  1553, 228,    -82    -76    -80    -77    -73
----------------------------------------------------------
138.83 ref,  1221, 226,    -89    -77    -80    -77    -85
----------------------------------------------------------
135.8  SXV   2490, 182,   -103   -107   -104   -107   -104
----------------------------------------------------------
137.0  CFH*  5750, 295,    Nil    Nil    Nil    Nil    Nil
----------------------------------------------------------
* CFH only heard during morning of 15Mar, 0453z, -125 dBmW
----------------------------------------------------------
11Mar 2027: OH1BS  -108
11Mar 2035: OH1TN  -108..-110(f); 2100: -110..-104(f)
11Mar 2047: DJ9IE  -130
11Mar 2101: OH7OL  -123..-120(f)
12Mar 0057: DJ9IE  -128..-126
12Mar 2153: DJ9IE  -127
12Mar 2153: OH1BS  -107..-108
12Mar 2239: OH1TN  -106..-104(f)
12Mar 2240: DJ5BV  -125
13Mar 2044: OH1BS  -107
14Mar 2152: OZ1KMR -124
14Mar 2153: OZ8NJ  -125
14Mar 2159: SM6PXJ -121: 2206: -118
----------------------------------------------------------
(R&S ESH2/---- 10m coax---/1:10/---15m wire-----):
Noise level with antenna: with 200Hz IF BandWidth: 
-25..-21 dB(uV), -132..-128dBmW (varies w qrm etc)
----------------------------------------------------------
End of message of 15 Mar 2000, 2245 UTC, from OH2LX




----------------------------------------------------------
V.K.Lehtoranta, OH2LX, POBox 50, FIN-05401 Jokela, Finland
------ Tel: +358-9-4173965 ---- Fax: +358-9-4173961 ------
E-mail: vaiski@dlc.fi - alias: oh2lx@dlc.fi & oh2lx@sral.fi


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Larry Kayser" <kayser@king.igs.net>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: LF: HP 5248M Counter Parts for sale
Date: Wed, 15 Mar 2000 21:16:13 -0500
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Greetings All:

I have just removed all the cards from an older HP 5248M Counter.  If anyone
wants cards or Chassis parts please get to me ASAP, they will not be
expensive.  The only things not available are the chassis, power supplies,
Oscillator assembly and fan.  All the switches seem to work ok and are
available.

Please email me at kayser@king.igs.net if you need any of the parts or cards
including the Nixie display tubes

Larry
VA3LK





From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "John Rabson" <word.factory@zetnet.co.uk>
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Subject: LF: Re: Balloon flying
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----- Original Message ----- 
From: Howard Aspinall <100646.144@compuserve.com>
To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: Wednesday, March 15, 2000 8:24 PM
Subject: LF: Balloon flying


>... a local farmer had
> reported seeing a UFO (the balloon)
when G3OIT tried this the farmer used a shotgun on the 'UFO'

73 de
John Rabson G3PAI



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: "Tom Boucher" <tom@telemetry.demon.co.uk>
Subject: Re: LF: Balloon flying
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In message <200003151529_MC2-9D30-24D1@compuserve.com>, Howard Aspinall
<100646.144@compuserve.com> writes

> ..................I can't remember what that height was, but if it is
exceeded the rules have to be observed, and include things like
providing lights and notifying the CAA.
>

Mike Grierson G3TSO works for the CAA and is probably a useful contact.


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Thu, 16 Mar 2000 06:58:06 -0500
From: "DEREK ATTER" <DATTER@compuserve.com>
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Subject: Re: LF: Balloon flying
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Message text written by INTERNET:rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
>In message <200003151529_MC2-9D30-24D1@compuserve.com>, Howard Aspinall
<100646.144@compuserve.com> writes

> ..................I can't remember what that height was, but if it is
exceeded the rules have to be observed, and include things like
providing lights and notifying the CAA.
>
<

  I believe that the current CAA rules restrict the maximum height of
balloon flying to 200ft unless as Howard says, lights are fitted and the
CAA notified. Of course there is also a general height restriction on
antenna height in the UK to 50ft within 1/2 mile of the perimeter of an
airfield. ( Not sure if that is statute or nautical miles!)


                                                                           
    73      de  DereK Atter  G3GRO,   Crawley   Sussex


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "DEREK ATTER" <DATTER@compuserve.com>
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Subject: LF: Re: 72/137kHz X-band QSO
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
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Peter,   

Congratulations on your outstanding X-band QSO with Valerio via 72Khz -
thats an amazing distance !


                                                                 Regards, 
Derek,  G3GRO


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Hi Geri

Just wanted to say hello to you and all the others on the list.

Thor  tf3sb



S. Thor Bjarnason tf3sb
Reykjavik
Iceland





From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Thu, 16 Mar 2000 10:24:09 -0500
From: "Holger 'Geri', DK8KW" <DK8KW@compuserve.com>
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Subject: LF: Hi
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Thor,

welcome to our group! TF is a white spot on the map (the needle is still in
...) and might be the "missing link" in oour goal to achieve the first
Europe/North America QSO. Additionally it might be THE challenge for all
those living in Central Europe (as myself ...) to break that 2000km barrier
...

We will stay in touch, best 73

Geri, DK8KW (W1KW)
http://www.qru.de 


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Thu, 16 Mar 2000 10:31:59 -0500
From: "Holger 'Geri', DK8KW" <DK8KW@compuserve.com>
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Subject: LF: Ireland/USA tests
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
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Hello Mal,

" ... give your dream a due-date and you have got a project ..."

we *do* have a due-date: 

in December 1901, Marconi crossed the Atlantic (Ireland/New Foundland) on
300 kHz. 
Latest by December 2001 *we* should have achieved this on 136 kHz! 

Mal, great that you have found places where to erect antennas, our
collegues in VE/VO also are rigging up their towers. I would love to
participate in a dx-pedition to EI/GI (being an "Irish folk-music lover",
see http://www.piperswine.de, tomorrow is St. Patrick's day, so no QSOs
early on Saturday morning ...)

Best 73


Geri, DK8KW (W1KW)

P.S.: Mal, how did you get that EI callsign? As you know, I collect
callsigns  ;-)   and my EI visitor's callsign EI4VTT, that I got based on
my US license but was never able to use was retrieved after the people in
Dublin realized that I also hold a German callsign ... 

 


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Mike Dennison" <mike.dennison@rsgb.org.uk>
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Subject: Re: LF: Balloon flying
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> > ..................I can't remember what that height was, but if it is
> exceeded the rules have to be observed, and include things like
> providing lights and notifying the CAA.
> >

The maximum for kites is 200ft (just over 60m), so I presume that 
balloons are the same.



Mike, G3XDV (IO91VT)
http://www.dennison.demon.co.uk/activity.htm



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Holger 'Geri', DK8KW" <DK8KW@compuserve.com>
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Subject: LF: Short Vertical Antennas, Article
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org, "AMRAD" <lf@amrad.org>
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Hello Lowfers

there is an interesting article written by Ralph Holland, VK1BRH named
"Spiral Top Loading of a Short Vertical" on the internet, check

        http://www2.dynamite.com.au/vk1brh/SpiralLd.htm

for details.

Best 73

Geri, DK8KW (W1KW)
Longwave homepage http://www.qru.de


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Message-ID: <000301bf9006$7eda4320$944d063e@default>
From: "Alan Melia" <Alan.Melia@btinternet.com>
To: "rsgb_lf_group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: re Balloon flying
Date: Thu, 16 Mar 2000 23:57:07 -0000
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Hi all thanks for the feedback, the famous WWII aerodrome that boarders my
back garden (I have a perimeter-defence pill-box on my land! and 'NO it
doesnt make a good shack' ) is now filled with houses so I don't think I
need worry about the 50 foot limit, but 200 foot sounds quite interesting.
Does anyone know anything about those 'blimps' that car distributors often
fly as adverts.... they look capable of hefting a fair sized wire up..... I
wonder whether they would fall for the sponsorship line
 " yes we are using a "Forgeot Monduna" balloon to hold the aerial up, OM
"??
Maybe that would just take too long to send on QRS.

Cheers de Alan G3NYK
Alan.Melia@btinternet.com




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Mike Dennison" <mike.dennison@rsgb.org.uk>
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Subject: LF: 73kHz
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I will be using QRSs on 71.80kHz this evening (17 March) and 
early tomorrow morning, looking for crossband QSOs with 
137.7kHz, or e-mail reports.

73


Mike, G3XDV (IO91VT)
http://www.dennison.demon.co.uk/activity.htm



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "James Moritz" <j.r.moritz@herts.ac.uk>
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Subject: LF: 73kHz/136kHz
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Dear LF Group,

Congratulations to G3LDO and IK5ZPV on another excellent 'first' 
on 73kHz.

I hope to be QRV on around 71.8kHz again this evening from about 
1930 onwards - if I don't see any other signals on the band, I will 
try for crossband QSO's, listening around 137.7kHz. I also plan to 
be active on 73kHz for an hour or so from 0800 Saturday morning.

Interesting to see Christer's new field strength data, and the other 
information that has been turned up - I am still working on a 
portable field strength system, but have been very pushed for time 
lately. Hope to have some new input soon though.

I now have my new 350W PA running on both bands, and initial 
results have been very encouraging, with QSO's with OH1TN and 
DJ9IE on 136kHz for the first time last Saturday.

Hope to see you on the bands,

Cheers, Jim Moritz
73 de M0BMU


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Larry Kayser" <kayser@king.igs.net>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: LF: VE1ZZ, a letter from him
Date: Fri, 17 Mar 2000 16:45:04 -0500
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Greetings All:

Fridays seem to be the day of adventure on LF for us on this side of the
Atlantic.  Today, so far, it is Jack, VE1ZZ who has gotten things going.  I
have received a four page letter from Jack, all hand printed and written
over several days.  The letter includes a list of some 14 questions that he
would like answered.  Many of the questions pertain to the political issues
in this country of getting a license for 135.7 to 137.8 kHz and what he will
need to do with CFH onb 137 literally in his back yard.

Jack has and continues to listen between 137.6 and 137.8 kHz for CW signals.
He has not heard any amateur CW signals yet.  His equipment is all analogue,
Racal RA-17 and the associated LF converter.  He has a 12 Beverage antennas
and he makes all the stuff out of large diameter wire and heavy duty
components since this reduces the effect of the many lightning strikes he
gets each year.  Most of his matching transformers are made of ferrite
material from old Television flyback transformers, 15 to 17 bifillar or
trifillar windings.  The Beverage that is terminated in salt water is done
so with an old stainless steel hub cap from a car that is tied onto the wire
and dumped into the sea.  Listening on the tapes he sent a while back it
sounds like he is using power contactors to switch beverage feedlines.  He
shows on his plan some feedlines of 1600 and 2000 ft long.  Some Beverage
antennas are of the parallel wire type, all seem to be terminated in heavy
duty 330 ohm resistors all though he does comment that these disappear from
time to time (no wonder!!!!).

Jack is busy these days repairing towers that were damaged during an Ice
Storm he had there last December.  He is trying to repair two towers that
collapsed.  He comments that he is using a green spruce tree some 50 ft long
and guyed with 1/4 inch steel cable as a gin pole - explains that he does a
little work on the system every day and that he is still going strong at 67
years of age.

Jack has some older PC equipment, several 286 and one 386 machine and he is
not and does not expect to get on the Internet.

Summary:  Jack is showing lots of interest in the LF band and wants to get
on the air when he can get a license.  He is concerned about how to work
around CFH which tells me he is interested.  What I continue to hope is that
he will get interested in the LF enough to get some of the tools necessary
to participate in the fun.  One thing for sure, when our license comes and I
begin putting a beacon on the air I will phone him and let him know it is on
and then as we switch from a simple CW message to QRSS and also to BPSK for
the serious work I can only hope he will join us.

Larry
VA3LK





From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Message-ID: <000f01bf906b$4cb209e0$089601d5@default>
From: "Alan Melia" <Alan.Melia@btinternet.com>
To: "rsgb_lf_group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: 73kHz mixer crystals ...who wants??
Date: Fri, 17 Mar 2000 21:21:33 -0000
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Hi all as a result of finding a pair of crystals for Peter G3LDOs mixer
exciter for 73k I find I have 3 more pairs that are at approximately 2.7MHz
with a difference of 73kHz (or very close to that)
Does anyone else require a set before the band is withdrawn.... first 3
e-mails will qualify...please send your full postal address. The only thing
I want in return is that you put out a signal on 73KkHz before the closing
date!!
I will delete about 20Gbytes of hard drive to accept all the replies!

Cheers de Alan G3NYK
Alan.Melia@btinternet.com




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Alan Melia" <Alan.Melia@btinternet.com>
To: "rsgb_lf_group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: 73kHz signals
Date: Fri, 17 Mar 2000 23:30:20 -0000
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Hi all, nice QRS signals from Dave G3YXM and Jim M0BMU at about 2230z
tonight....but I suppose this is superfluous as they are probably both
working 1500kms+ crossband now!!

Cheers de Alan G3NYK   JO02PB
Alan.Melia@btinternet.com




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "C Andersson" <sm6pxj@swipnet.se>
To: "RSGB LF group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: New FS measurements
Date: Sat, 18 Mar 2000 11:25:21 +0100
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With the risk of being tedious I just want to inform that I made some more FS measurements Saturday morning.
I have replaced the untuned loop with a tuned ferrite antenna + FET preamp.
The new meter is checked with a par of Helmholtz coils with radius 0,44 m.
The reason for rebuilding the instrument is A) To make it more portable  B) To get more references C) It fits in a normal sized pair of Helmholtz coils.
The new meter shows 10 dB increased sensitivity compared to the untuned loop.
Quite useful in measurements at larger distance.

This new setup indicates larger values than the previous.
The difference between calculated and measured values is now approx 1,5 dB.
More details here:
http://home5.swipnet.se/~w-54761/fs.htm

/sm6pxj
Christer




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Dave" <dave@picks.force9.co.uk>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
References: <001101bf906b$5031bac0$089601d5@default>
Subject: LF: Re: 73kHz signals
Date: Sat, 18 Mar 2000 12:58:51 -0000
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Dear all.

It's very frustrating not to be able to see anything through the Rugby shash
so I hope I didn't tread on anyone elses toes! I did manage to work Reino
OH1TN crossband to 137.7 at about the time you heard me Alan....
I think Peter worked him first.
I don't suppose we can expect to work any further!

By the way, if we could produce similar radiated powers on both bands,
surely 73k would go further? Therefore, allowing for the fact that my erp on
73k is a quarter of what it is on 136, would there be a distance at which
the signal strength is similar? I imagine this would be true except for the
large amount of QSB we get at the far distances.

73. Dave G3YXM.

> Hi all, nice QRS signals from Dave G3YXM and Jim M0BMU at about 2230z
> tonight....but I suppose this is superfluous as they are probably both
> working 1500kms+ crossband now!!
>
>



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Sat, 18 Mar 2000 13:17:25 -0500
From: "Prof R. Jennison" <boffin1@compuserve.com>
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Subject: LF: 73kHz mixer crystals ...who wants??
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
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Alan,
Please, oh please, may I have a pair.
I will, of course, refund all costs involved.
73 in haste,
(Sorry not to contact you directly but my Compuserve refuses your address!)
Roger,  G2AJV.

(Roger Jennison, Wildwood, Nackington, Canterbury, CT4 7AY.)


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Dear all.

I have just spent a frustrating day trying to work Valerio IK5ZPV crossband
73/136. We had taken it for granted that the difficult bit would be hearing
the 73k signal at Valerio's QTH....  In fact he copied me at 0700, 1300 and
1400hrs but I saw nothing of his signal on 137.700 . Those of you who have
worked or heard him, know that Valerio has a very good signal on 136k,
usually quite workable on normal CW. So why could I not see him today? Beats
me!
I assume that conditions vary more than we imagine. Reducing Valerio's
signal from 569 to a level where there is no trace against a quiet
background on Spetrogram must take 20dB or so.
Did anyone hear him calling me?
Am I deaf?
Am I paranoid?

BTW. Nice DFCW signal from G3AQC tonight. How long have you had that working
Laurie?

73, Dave G3YXM.



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "cesare tagliabue" <cestag@dada.it>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: LF: R: cross-band conditions.
Date: Mon, 20 Mar 2000 07:05:40 +0100
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        Hello Dave
        In effect yesterday I think  we had very strange conditions, I have
tested the signal of Valerio, and it was strong as usual. I was not able to
see your signals on 71.8 Khz, while Valerio do it well; the distance between
us is only 35 Km and during the cross-band QSO with G3LDO I saw the signals
on 71.8 almost as well as Valerio. Moreover this weekend I have spent a lot
of time in calling CQ both  QRSS and  normal CW and listening for hours but
nothing to do! The only station I have heard was OZ8NJ, he was calling CQ
and was 439 by me. Yesterday I saw only DF6NM working OK1FIG, he was 'O' by
me, while OK1FIG was invisible at all.
                73  Cesare

Cesare Tagliabue   I 5 TGC
e-mail: cestag@dada.it
url: http://www.dadacasa.com/i5tgc

-----Messaggio originale-----
Da: Dave <dave@picks.force9.co.uk>
A: LF Group <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Data: domenica 19 marzo 2000 23.58
Oggetto: LF: cross-band conditions.


>Dear all.
>
>I have just spent a frustrating day trying to work Valerio IK5ZPV crossband
>73/136. We had taken it for granted that the difficult bit would be hearing
>the 73k signal at Valerio's QTH....  In fact he copied me at 0700, 1300 and
>1400hrs but I saw nothing of his signal on 137.700 . Those of you who have
>worked or heard him, know that Valerio has a very good signal on 136k,
>usually quite workable on normal CW. So why could I not see him today?
Beats
>me!
>I assume that conditions vary more than we imagine. Reducing Valerio's
>signal from 569 to a level where there is no trace against a quiet
>background on Spetrogram must take 20dB or so.
>Did anyone hear him calling me?
>Am I deaf?
>Am I paranoid?
>
>BTW. Nice DFCW signal from G3AQC tonight. How long have you had that
working
>Laurie?
>
>73, Dave G3YXM.
>
>
>



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Mon, 20 Mar 2000 09:01:52 GMT
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: "Peter Dodd" <g3ldo@zetnet.co.uk>
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Subject: LF: Re: 73kHz crossband
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 Dear all.

Dave said
> I have just spent a frustrating day trying to work Valerio IK5ZPV crossband
> 73/136. We had taken it for granted that the difficult bit would be hearing
> the 73k signal at Valerio's QTH....  In fact he copied me at 0700, 1300 and
> 1400hrs but I saw nothing of his signal on 137.700 . Those of you who have
> worked or heard him, know that Valerio has a very good signal on 136k,
> usually quite workable on normal CW. So why could I not see him today? Beats
> me!

When I worked Valerio the sked time was arranged for 2000UTC and I 
was to call every 15mins and spend the rest of the time listening (looking).
I saw nothing from Valerio until 2040 although he was apparently 
receiving my 73kHz signals all the time. I put it down to finger 
trouble this end because when he did appear he was so strong. It is 
strange that 137kHz is the weak link.
The other factor is that my station is not optimized on receive on 
136k when working crossband because the antenna is tuned to 72kHz. 
What I need is a relay that will short out the 72k section of the 
loading coil receive, so the contacts have to stand many thousands of 
volts! When this problem is sorted out I am going to try a cross band 
QSO with I5TGC.
On Friday evening I put out a QRSS CQ call on 72kHz while looking for 
QRSS replies at around 137.7kHz. Later I received an e-mail from 
Reino that he had seen me and called me on 137.1 normal CW. I now 
understand that Dave had a successful sked with Reino. I received a 
.jpg file showing Dave's and my signals nearly on the same frequency!

I arranged a sked and had a successful QRSS QSO with OH9UFO starting 
at 2000, reports 'O' and 549 respectively. Reino asked if I could try 
normal CW. This was a bit marginal,  my report being 239, with a bit 
of QRM (Dave?).


-- 
Regards, Peter, G3LDO

<g3ldo@zetnet.co.uk>







From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Mon, 20 Mar 2000 12:01:32
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: "Rik Strobbe" <rik.strobbe@fys.kuleuven.ac.be>
Subject: Re: LF: Re: 73kHz crossband
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At 09:01 20/03/00 GMT, G3LDO wrote:
>What I need is a relay that will short out the 72k section of the 
>loading coil receive, so the contacts have to stand many thousands of 
>volts!

Try a HVK1/2 relais, Specifications say 8kV (dc) switching voltage.
I used it at work upto 15kV (at 8kHz) when it was swiched 'cold' (remove
signal -> switch relay -> put signal back on). I think that is the way you
intend to use it.
This relays (in various configurations) can be found in the Farnell catalog
under order codes :
910-855 for SPNO - 5V with push on terminals
910-867 for SPNO - 12V with push on terminals
910-879 for SPNO - 24V with push on terminals
910-880 for SPNC - 5V with push on terminals
910-909 for SPNC - 24V with push on terminals
910-910 for SPNO - 5V with flying leads
910-922 for SPNO - 12V with flying leads
910-934 for SPNO - 24V with flying leads
910-946 for SPNC - 5V with flying leads
910-960 for SPNC - 12V with flying leads
They cost arround 50 Euro.
You can check Farnell on the web : http://www.farnell.com

73, Rik

PS : SPNO = single pole normally open / SPNC = single pole normally closed




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Talbot Andrew" <ACTALBOT@dera.gov.uk>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: LF: High voltage reed relays
Date: Mon, 20 Mar 2000 10:07:10 -0000
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I have a number of,  quote,  "High Voltage" reed relays.  They were made
by FR Electronics (as was) and I seem to recall are specified to
something like 10kV and 1 Amp  which means they may well work higher if
not hot switched.  They were originally intended for use in automatic
ATUs intended for frequency hopping radios.
 
They're hopefully still buried in a box in my storage shed, but I'll
look them out and can pass on to anyone wanting to experiement with
loading coil switching.  Coil voltage is 24 V but with everyone using
MOSFET PAs these dyas I'm sure that won't be a problem.

Andy  G4JNT


> The other factor is that my station is not optimized on receive on 
> 136k when working crossband because the antenna is tuned to 72kHz. 
> What I need is a relay that will short out the 72k section of the 
> loading coil on receive, so the contacts have to stand many thousands
> of 
> volts! When this problem is sorted out I am going to try a cross band 
> 

-- 
The Information contained in this E-Mail and any subsequent correspondence
is private and is intended solely for the intended recipient(s).
For those other than the recipient any disclosure, copying, distribution, 
or any action taken or omitted to be taken in reliance on such information is
prohibited and may be unlawful.


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Valerio Gabbani" <valerio@dii.unisi.it>
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Subject: LF: 73 kHz (mistery)
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Hello Dave and all ,

I'm surprised, i think also that 73 kHz link should be the most weak,
but it does not seem so !!!
I was receiving for you at 20.30 together Cesare but no signals red !!!
I remember to search in vain for Peter signal many evenings so this
could be the combination of poor propagation and strong noise, but i' m
also troubled by 137.7 kHz link.

May be i'm doing somethink wrong (no fire yet !) in 137 kHx transmitting
so i wish to solve this mistery with other trials.

I will be again QRV this evening starting from 20.30 and listening at
71.8 kHz.

At 21.00, if i do not receive any signal from Dave, i will call for
x-band on 137.7 kHz, 3 sec. dot length, 1/3 ratio and i would appreciate
any report of my transmission .

Dave, i can be QRV also tomorrow morning (21/3/2000) from 6.30 to 7.30.


Hoping for the best, '73 to all

Valerio (IK5ZPV)



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Alan Melia" <Alan.Melia@btinternet.com>
To: "rsgb_lf_group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: Cluser spots for 18/19th March
Date: Mon, 20 Mar 2000 10:33:20 -0000
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Hi All, I have not been able to access my local custer for the last couple
of days so I am posting the spots forwarded to me by Wolf DL1SAN from DB0MBX

Mainly QRS monitoring from me this weekend the weather was too nice to spend
too much time inside. For most of the weekend the noise level seemed very
low, but activity only seemed to be at a moderate level, judged by the
traces on the waterfall display rather than by listening.
Saturday
0820 G3XDV  CQ  'O'
0930 DF6NM  DFCW  'O' (KX) looking for X-band qsos
0945 DF6NM  QRS  CQX   'O'
I am sure the signal from Dick PA0SE on normal CW was stronger than I
normally receive him. He was almost as strong as John G4GVW who he was
working at 1038z, but I suppose he is a 'local' to me.

Sunday
0731  HB2ASB  CQ  'O'
0802  ON4ZK  CQ 'O'
         DK8KW   CQX  'O'
         HB2ASB   CQ  'O'
0809  ON4ZK  DFCW  CQ
0825  DF8ZR  'O' wkg ON4ZK
         DK8KW  CQX  'O'
1002  PA2NJN  CQ  'O'
1045  PA2NJN  calling DF8ZR  both 'O'
1120  PA2NJN wkg  DF8ZR

Spots from Wolf DL1SAN from DB0MBX in Southern Germany
   136.5  DK6NI       19-Mar-2000 1025Z  cq 439
<dl1san>
   136.4  DJ1RL       19-Mar-2000 0953Z  569
<dl1san>
   136.5  DJ1ZB       19-Mar-2000 0935Z  559
<dl1san>
   136.2  HB2ASB      19-Mar-2000 0826Z  579 cq
<dl1san>
   136.5  SM6PXJ      17-Mar-2000 2242Z  (559) cq
<dj5bv>
   136.5  DJ9IE       16-Mar-2000 2023Z  549 cq
<dl1san>
   136.7  G3AQC       15-Mar-2000 2107Z
<dj5bv>
   136.5  DJ9IE       13-Mar-2000 1859Z  449 cq
<dl1san>

Cheers de Alan  G3NYK   JO02PB
Alan.Melia@btinternet.com





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From: "LAWRENCE MAYHEAD" <LAURIE@g3aqc.freeserve.co.uk>
To: "rsgb lf group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: Re. LF X-Band  conditions..
Date: Mon, 20 Mar 2000 08:08:27 -0000
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<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>Hi Dave,</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>I also spent a frustrating weekend! Afraid I 
heard nothing of IK5ZPV.Called OZ8NJ</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>many times, his sig 5/4/9 but no reply .I have 
been calling DFCW for several weeks now late evening, but no contacts 
yet.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>Guess there is still a lot to learn about 
136.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
73s all, Laurie G3AQC..</FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Peter Dodd" <g3ldo@zetnet.co.uk>
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  Valerio Gabbani said

> I will be again QRV this evening starting from 20.30 and listening at
> 71.8 kHz.
> At 21.00, if i do not receive any signal from Dave, i will call for
> x-band on 137.7 kHz, 3 sec. dot length, 1/3 ratio and i would appreciate
> any report of my transmission .
> Dave, i can be QRV also tomorrow morning (21/3/2000) from 6.30 to 7.30.

I will not transmit while these tests are on - it can cause some 
confusion. I hope to be looking and will pass on reports of any activity I see.

I have had reports that the top end of the band, near 74.4kHz is 
clear. I have to modify my xtal mixer because at the moment is only 
covers the bottom end of the band; so it is an evening with the 
soldering iron tonight.


-- 
Regards, Peter, G3LDO

<g3ldo@zetnet.co.uk>







From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Mon, 20 Mar 2000 10:07:30 -0500
From: "Holger 'Geri', DK8KW" <DK8KW@compuserve.com>
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Peter,

>I will not transmit while these tests are on - it can cause some 
>confusion. I hope to be looking and will pass on reports of any activity I
see.

maybe not tonight, but I am still looking out for your signal on 71.8 kHz.
I think I saw you yesterday night, I saw a very weak "DO" just when it
disappeared on the left side of the screen (hadn't been in the shack for a
while, what about a kind of "alarm" function when anything above a certain
threashold level appears on the screen ... need to contact R.S. Horne and
ask him if this is possible ...).

Mike, G3YXM, I would also like to try to contact you x-band ... maybe next
weekend, early Saturday or Sunday morning ...

>I have had reports that the top end of the band, near 74.4kHz is 
>clear. I have to modify my xtal mixer because at the moment is only 
>covers the bottom end of the band; so it is an evening with the 
>soldering iron tonight.

Hopefully 74.4 is not too close to HBG75 on 75 kHz, quite a strong signal
with me in Northern Europe, so surely much stronger in HB9/I5

Looking out on what we see tonight on 71.8 kHz and 137.7 kHz ... also
looking out for Valerio ...  currently working on a solution to use the
stereo-function of Spectrogram to see 71.8 kHz on the left channel and
137.7 kHz on the right channel ... with two receivers ... let's see ...

Best 73

Geri, DK8KW (W1KW)
 


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Petr Maly" <p.maly@gmc.net>
To: "136 group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: I will be QRV
Date: Mon, 20 Mar 2000 16:39:11 +0100
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Hello all
This weekend I stayed home, in spite of "city" working conditions I made a
nice Visual-CW QSO with DF6NM. (LW 41 m in 6 m height, 60 watts).
Following weekend (24/03/2000) I will be QRV from the cottage. Probably from
Friday afternoon to Saturday midday, maybe to Sunday midday.
I would like to add some more DX's and new countries before spring QRN
comes.

73, Petr, OK1FIG





From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "James Moritz" <j.r.moritz@herts.ac.uk>
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Subject: LF: 73/136kHz
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Dear LF Group,
	Had a fruitless weekend on 73kHz - spent about 6 hours 
transmitting on the band, but no QSO's. Did see OH1TN calling 
G3YXM and G3LDO, but I don't think Reino could see my signal. 
Will have another try for cross-band QSO's tonight, if I can find a 
clear frequency!

Interesting to see how things have changed for 73kHz in the space 
of a few weeks; the amazing results that have been acheived 
seem to be not so much due to technical improvements or good 
propagation, but more to there being plenty of activity on the band.

Spent some time over the weekend working on my ground system - 
this does not seem to have made much difference to it's electrical 
performance, but at least it is not so easy to fall over it now! 

Hope to see some activity later, any reports would be very 
welcome.

Cheers, Jim Moritz
73 de M0BMU



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Mon, 20 Mar 2000 13:41:07 -0500
From: "'Geri' Kinzel, DK8KW" <DK8KW@compuserve.com>
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Subject: Re: LF: 73 kHz (mistery)
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Mike and Dave, 

sorry, guys, allways keep up mixing your calls

>Mike, G3YXM, I would also like to try to contact you x-band ... maybe next
>weekend, early Saturday or Sunday morning ...<

Mike, G3XDV I mean, of course ...

just worked Laurie, G3AQC as a new one ... Laurie, your signal (and mine
obviously as well) leaves room for improvement, but we made it!

Best 73

Geri, DK8KW (W1KW)


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Dave" <dave@picks.force9.co.uk>
To: "LF Group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
References: <11336.200003201716@gemini>
Subject: LF: Re: 73/136kHz
Date: Mon, 20 Mar 2000 18:51:34 -0000
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Jim.

Have a look at the screenshot Reino sent me
http://www.picks.f9.co.uk/newspic19.htm . Above Peter's signal I think you
can see the end of CQ (-. --.-) followed by M and the start of a zero?
It may be worth trying a sked with Reino.

> Had a fruitless weekend on 73kHz - spent about 6 hours
> transmitting on the band, but no QSO's. Did see OH1TN calling
> G3YXM and G3LDO, but I don't think Reino could see my signal.
> Will have another try for cross-band QSO's tonight, if I can find a
> clear frequency!

As regards frequency, as there are so few of us transmitting, we could each
have our own frequency! I find it almost impossible to tell if anyone else
is transmitting due to the QRM from Rugby. Perhaps we could congregate
around 71.800 at 5Hz or 10Hz intervals. What about G3LDO 71.795, G3YXM
71.800, M0BMU 71.805 ? Any other suggestions?

Valerio.

I will try again at the times you suggested.

73, Dave G3YXM.




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Dave" <dave@picks.force9.co.uk>
To: "LF Group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: G4GVC on 73k
Date: Mon, 20 Mar 2000 19:39:08 -0000
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Dear all.

G4GVC has just got tuned up on 71.735kHz and will be putting out some slow
CW transmissions this evening, starting around 2000. He would be interested
in any reports via this reflector.

Dave G3YXM.



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Dave said


> As regards frequency, as there are so few of us transmitting, we could each
> have our own frequency! I find it almost impossible to tell if anyone else
> is transmitting due to the QRM from Rugby. Perhaps we could congregate
> around 71.800 at 5Hz or 10Hz intervals. What about G3LDO 71.795, G3YXM
> 71.800, M0BMU 71.805 ? Any other suggestions?

Excellent idea, this would clear up the confusion.
I think we could allow ourselves 10Hz spacing, otherwise we look like 
participants at the Mad Hatter's tea party. 
Also I have a problem maintaining the required degree of accuracy 
(even with Alans crystals)  in an outside shack whose temperature 
ranges from below freezing to 18 degrees C.

I will make my frequency 71.79kHz if that is OK with everyone else. 
The bottom of the band could then be used for normal CW to be the 
furthest distance (frequency) away from the Growler.

In the meantime, anyone who wants a 73kHz cross-band sked, to any 
other band, please e-mail me.


-- 
Regards, Peter, G3LDO

<g3ldo@zetnet.co.uk>







From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "LAWRENCE MAYHEAD" <LAURIE@g3aqc.freeserve.co.uk>
To: "rsgb lf group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: Mystery QRS Signal
Date: Mon, 20 Mar 2000 22:39:54 -0000
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD W3 HTML//EN">
<HTML>
<HEAD>

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<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>I saw the following signal, strength 
&quot;O&quot; on</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>137.692 Khz. at 2100-2110 tonight 
20/03/00.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>&quot;CQZP3XK&quot;</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>I replied DFCW and QRS but no 
response!</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>Was this you Valerio? if so it was a good clear 
signal,</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>no problem to read.The signal was better on my 
NW-SE</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>ant.so this ties in with IK.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>Best wishes, 73 Laurie 
G3AQC.</FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML>

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From: "Dave" <dave@picks.force9.co.uk>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
References: <000201bf92bd$4f1f7880$db2c893e@lvm>
Subject: LF: Re: Mystery QRS Signal
Date: Mon, 20 Mar 2000 23:10:12 -0000
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<DIV><FONT size=2>Yes that'll be (IK5)ZPV&nbsp;&nbsp; "XK" being shorthand for 
crossband K. I didn't see anything here but it was noisy at that 
time.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2>73, Dave G3YXM.</FONT></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE 
style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px">
  <DIV><BR></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>I saw the following signal, strength "O" 
  on</FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>137.692 Khz. at 2100-2110 tonight 
  20/03/00.</FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>"CQZP3XK"</FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>I replied DFCW and QRS but no 
  response!</FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>Was this you Valerio? if so it was a good 
  clear signal,</FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>no problem to read.The signal was better on my 
  NW-SE</FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>ant.so this ties in with IK.</FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>Best wishes, 73 Laurie 
G3AQC.</FONT></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></BODY></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Walter Staubach" <ba338@fen.baynet.de>
To: "Reflektor" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: 71.8 KHz this morning
Date: Wed, 23 Feb 2000 23:07:56 +0100
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Good morning to All,
   looked to 71,8 KHz this morning and suddenly saw   z p v  r r o o o k (at
6.50 utc, fine sigs). Then left my shack for breakfast.
But I had a feeling that something happened and so I went back upstairs. And
saw   x  m  7 3  sk (7.19 utc, agn strong sig). Who was it? I would like to
have a duplex.
73  Walter DJ2LF

---------------------------------------------
Walter.Staubach@fen.baynet.de



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: =?iso-8859-1?Q?V=E4in=F6_Lehtoranta?= <vaiski@dlc.fi>
Subject: LF: Signal Strength Measurements by OH2LX
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Measurements of UK Decca's and some other stations :
----------------------------------------------------------
Day ------------------   16Mar  17Mar  18Mar  19Mar  20Mar
                          THU    FRI    SAT    SUN    MON  
Time, UTC ------------   2140-  2140-  2145-  2105-  2105-
----------------------------------------------------------
kHz    Ch   *d,km  AZI*     *Indicated ESH2 input, dBmW*
----------------------------------------------------------
127.8 (6C),  1435, 280,   -102   -106   -104   -112   -106
----------------------------------------------------------
126.7 (2A),  1565, 269,   -101   -104   -105   -105   -105
----------------------------------------------------------
128.5 (8E),  1766, 276,   -107   -102   -105   -108   -111  
----------------------------------------------------------
127.0 (3B),  1871, 257,   -105   -101   -107   -104   -110
----------------------------------------------------------
127.5 (5B),  1890, 247,   -105   -103   -107   -104   -113
----------------------------------------------------------
128.2 (7D),  2060, 267,   -119   -107   -114   -116   -115
----------------------------------------------------------
126.4 (1B),  2282, 253,   -114   -110   -111   -112   -112
----------------------------------------------------------
kHz    Ch   *d,km  AZI*     *Indicated ESH2 input, dBmW*
----------------------------------------------------------
128.93 ref,  1553, 228,    -79    -85    -85    -84    -85
----------------------------------------------------------
138.83 ref,  1221, 226,    -81    -80    -84    -84    -82
----------------------------------------------------------
135.8  SXV   2490, 182,   -127   -107   -107   -108   -116
----------------------------------------------------------
137.0  CFH*  5750, 295,    Nil    Nil    Nil    Nil    Nil
----------------------------------------------------------
* CFH only heard on the 15 Mar, after 22z, up to -127 dBmW
----------------------------------------------------------
15Mar 2248: DJ9IE  -127
16Mar 2109: OZ8NJ  -126
16Mar 2122: OH1BS  -107; 2136: -109..-107(f)
16Mar 2128: SM6PXJ -119..-114(f)
17Mar 2146: OH?UFO -113..-111 (QRS on 137.7)
17Mar 2149: SM6PXJ -115
18Mar 2039: MM0ALM -127; 2039: -125; 2208: -122..-120(f)
18Mar 2108: OH7OL  -129
18Mar 2252: OZ8NJ  -127
19Mar 2028: OH9UFO -106: 2054: -110..-108; 2101: -119(!)
19Mar 2034: SM6PXJ -111..-109; 2056: -117..-116(f)
19Mar 2046: MM0ALM -127; 2108: -120..-119(f)
19Mar 2107: OH7OL  -124..-122(f) 
----------------------------------------------------------
(R&S ESH2/---- 10m coax---/1:10/---15m wire-----):
Noise level with antenna: with 200Hz IF BandWidth: 
-26..-21 dB(uV), -133..-128dBmW (varies w qrm etc)
----------------------------------------------------------
End of message of 21 Mar 2000, 0800 UTC, from OH2LX




----------------------------------------------------------
V.K.Lehtoranta, OH2LX, POBox 50, FIN-05401 Jokela, Finland
------ Tel: +358-9-4173965 ---- Fax: +358-9-4173961 ------
E-mail: vaiski@dlc.fi - alias: oh2lx@dlc.fi & oh2lx@sral.fi


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "kate moore" <mek@leicester.ac.uk>
To: "lfgroup" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: GVC on 73
Date: Tue, 21 Mar 2000 08:10:24 -0000
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Finally able to produce a signal on 73kHz at long last!
The system is a lash-up around my normal 136kHz set-up:
- Two monster coils wound on B&Q "Fun Tubs" configured as a variometer, in
  series with the 136 loading system
- Normal inverted-L antenna
- Double values for LPF in 'G3YXM' TX, running approx. 400W
- Crystal divider driver, giving spot frequency of 71.735kHz

Dave 'YXM could just hear me above the Rugby racket, which seemed very bad
last night, but we didn't bother to make a QSO. Interestingly, I can hardly
hear anything at all on 136kHz with the antenna tuned to 71kHz, so
crossband QSOs are going to be difficult with weak stations until I can
devise a way of switching out the extra loading.

Sorry I couldn't give any warning, but I only got it finished early last
evening. Anyway, sent 7 callsigns plus 'AR' on 71.735kHz from 20.00UT last
night, slow CW with 4 second dots. If anyone heard or saw anything I would
be VERY grateful for a report.

                       Regards  John G4GVC



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Talbot Andrew" <ACTALBOT@dera.gov.uk>
To: "'LF Group'" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: HV Reed relays
Date: Tue, 21 Mar 2000 08:44:29 -0000
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Managed to find six spare reed relays that look as if they may be
suitable for LF antenna switching . The reed connection points are well
separated from the coil connections by about 10mm in air with little
opportunity for tracking, when covered by extra insulation they should
survive.  The reeds are obviously vacuum filled but beyond that I've no
further info.   The gap between the reeds inside is only a fraction of a
mm and it's rather frightening to think of the E field in this region !
But they are rated at quite a few kVoperation, and in a vacuum I suppose
there is nothing to break down 

One is on it's way to G3LDO and I've had two other requests so far (both
from overseas - does that say something about the state of
experimentation in this country ?)

Also found about 20 smaller relays that have reed and coil connections
brought out to mounting pins on the base with a spacing of only 5mm
between contact and coil connections.  This could track at high voltages
so suspect these are only good to about 1kV.

Andy G4JNT


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From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Dave" <dave@picks.force9.co.uk>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
References: <000301bf7e4a$8cca2180$37d725c3@194.95.193.10.fen.baynet.de>
Subject: LF: Re: 71.8 KHz this morning
Date: Tue, 21 Mar 2000 09:03:53 -0000
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Walter.

It was me, I was working Valerio IK5ZPV... yes we made it at last!
I can try any time today, transmitting on 71.800 listening on 137.7 +/- 40Hz
or wherever you like.

Let me know when you would like to try.

>    looked to 71,8 KHz this morning and suddenly saw   z p v  r r o o o k
(at
> 6.50 utc, fine sigs). Then left my shack for breakfast.
> But I had a feeling that something happened and so I went back upstairs.
And
> saw   x  m  7 3  sk (7.19 utc, agn strong sig). Who was it? I would like
to
> have a duplex.
> 73  Walter DJ2LF
>




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Dave" <dave@picks.force9.co.uk>
To: "LF Group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: Still learning
Date: Tue, 21 Mar 2000 09:32:29 -0000
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Dear all.

Last night whilst the tx was sending a QRS call on 71.8 I went outside to
check that there was no corona discharge from the antenna, easy to see in
the dark.
No problems were seen but I noticed a crackling noise behind me. Closer
investigation revealed that it was coming from the ground at the base of the
antenna support mast which is strapped to a fir tree. Small sparks could be
seen amongst the undergrowth where the mast touched the ground. This was
obviously a waste of valuable energy!

I decided to earth the pole, then at least it would no longer be a lossy
structure, just some additional capacitance. After I had done this three
things happened, the resonant frequency went down, the match changed and,
when the ATU was re-adjusted, the antenna current rose by 10% for the same
power input. This must be due to higher Q because of less loss.

Well worth doing. Fire-risk reduced and power increased!

Look out for lossy structures near the antenna and either insulate them
 they will then be live... ) or earth them solidly.

73, Dave G3YXM.



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Subject: LF: John re 73k tests
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Hi John i will leave my rx on 73 all day monitoring 71.76 to 71.84kHz.
Weather is good so I should avoid the TV QRM for most of the day.
Tel 01473-623713
Cheers de Alan G3NYK
Alan.Melia@btinternet.com




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Alan Melia" <Alan.Melia@btinternet.com>
To: "rsgb_lf_group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: John re 73k again
Date: Tue, 21 Mar 2000 10:40:34 -0000
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Whoops misread the frequency ...make my monitor 71.72 to 71.81kHz

Alan
G3NYK




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "James Moritz" <j.r.moritz@herts.ac.uk>
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Subject: LF: 73kHz Cross-band
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Dear LF Group,
	Sent CQ calls on 73kHz from about 1910 to about 2250 last 
night; saw signals from G3LDO and G4GVC while monitoring 
73kHz, but no replies on 136kHz - only signal seen was DFCW 
from G3AQC. The level of QRN seemed quite high.

I think the idea of having seperate frequencies for each station on 
the band is a good one - I would go along with G3LDO about 
'channel spacing' - maintaining my VFO to within +/-5Hz is fairly 
easy, which would be OK for 10Hz spacing, but not for 5Hz. I will 
allocate myself 71.81 for the time being, unless there is any 
reason to avoid this frequency?

As far as switching antennas goes, I am using a seperate antenna 
for receive when working cross-band - this avoids problems with 
high-voltage switching. The RX antenna is a vertical of about 5m 
fixed to the side of the house, tuned with a small pot core inductor 
and variable capacitor. At the moment it is switched out by a relay 
on transmit, but I plan to add some additional high pass filtering so I 
can monitor 136 continuously while transmitting on 73. The 
seperate antenna seems more prone to picking up mains noise, but 
most of the time the noise floor seems to be QRN or Loran 
sidebands.

I probably won't be available tonight, but should be QRV tomorrow 
morning for cross - band QSO's.

Cheers, Jim Moritz
73 de M0BMU


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Walter Staubach" <ba338@fen.baynet.de>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: LF: Re: Re: 71.8 KHz this morning
Date: Thu, 24 Feb 2000 07:24:45 +0100
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Hallo Dave,
  thanks for your answer and proposal. We came just back from a walk in the
sunshine that we missed for a long time. So I will call you every full hour
on 137.7 and after that listen on 17.8. Receiving antenne is the same as for
transmitting on 137, but with an additional coil that I must shortcut when
transmitting. Takes a little while. Let us say from 1600 utc to 21 utc. Hope
to see you. 73 Walter DJ2LF

-----Ursprüngliche Nachricht-----
Von: Dave <dave@picks.force9.co.uk>
An: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Datum: Dienstag, 21. März 2000 10:31
Betreff: LF: Re: 71.8 KHz this morning


>Walter.
>
>It was me, I was working Valerio IK5ZPV... yes we made it at last!
>I can try any time today, transmitting on 71.800 listening on 137.7 +/-
40Hz
>or wherever you like.
>
>Let me know when you would like to try.
>
>>    looked to 71,8 KHz this morning and suddenly saw   z p v  r r o o o k
>(at
>> 6.50 utc, fine sigs). Then left my shack for breakfast.
>> But I had a feeling that something happened and so I went back upstairs.
>And
>> saw   x  m  7 3  sk (7.19 utc, agn strong sig). Who was it? I would like
>to
>> have a duplex.
>> 73  Walter DJ2LF
>>
>
>
>
>



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Alan Melia" <Alan.Melia@btinternet.com>
To: "rsgb_lf_group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: John G4GVC re 73k
Date: Tue, 21 Mar 2000 16:16:59 -0000
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Hi John
Stable transmission probably at hand keying speed seen on 71.735 kHz at
about 1611z for a period of just over a minute. 16db above the noise on
Spectrogram, 16k points. I have been called out so was not watching at the
time.

Cheers de Alan G3NYK
Alan.Melia@btinternet.com




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Tue, 21 Mar 2000 18:35:36
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: "Rik Strobbe" <rik.strobbe@fys.kuleuven.ac.be>
Subject: Re: LF: 73kHz Cross-band
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I'm very surprised by the activity on 71.8kHz and the distances covered.
It's a pitty we started this activity so late as the band will be withdrawn
in a few months. We probably never will know the limits on that frequency.
But the fact that distances upto 1800km are possible with abt. 100mW ERP
let us wonder how far we could go with the full 1 Watt ERP. Would have been
interesting if Christer could have used the 'super-antenna' on that band.
So far I have seen M0BMU, G3YXM, G3LDO, G3AQC (?), G3XDV and probably G4GVC
(saw 'VC K' last night) on 71.8kHz +/- 100Hz.
Not sure wether I saw AQC himself or someone working him x-band.
The 3 first are audible here when QRN is not too bad, so a normal CW x-band
is possible. Although QSQ's in the 2000km range are more fancy these days I
am willing to make a crossband sked with anyone who wants ON in his log.
Rig (for 71.8kHz) : inverted L (11m high and 23m long) tuned for 136kHz,
TS440 at 500Hz bandwidth and spectogram.

73, Rik  ON7YD



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Alan Melia" <Alan.Melia@btinternet.com>
To: "rsgb_lf_group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: re G4GVC on 73k
Date: Tue, 21 Mar 2000 16:51:15 -0000
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Hi again John a good 'O' on your QRS transmissions between 1620 and 1645z
despite my S9 TV SMPS QRM which FMs in synch with the audio. I can just
about detect your audio, so nowhere near as strong as 136k ..It looks like
Jim just came up too on 71.8, I can hear his audio easily in 500Hz.

Cheers de Alan G3NYK
Alan.Melia@btinternet.com




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Tue, 21 Mar 2000 19:37:24
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: "Rik Strobbe" <rik.strobbe@fys.kuleuven.ac.be>
Subject: LF: tuning a 72kHz antenna to 136kHz
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For those who want to use their 72kHz TX antenna as a 136kHz RX antenna
there might be an easy solution that does not require a 'many kV' relais :

Assume your antenna has 500pF capacitance. This means you need a 9.8mH coil
to bring it to resonance at 72kHz. On 137kHz the 9.8mH coils has an
impedance of 8.44kOhm, the 500pF antenna has an impedance og 2.32kOhm. So
at 137kHz the antenna has an impedance of 6.12kOm (inductive) and can be
brought to resonance by a parallel capacitor with the same impedance = 190pF.
So you can bring your 72kHz antenna to resonance on 137kHz using a parallel
capacitor (from the TX side of the loadingcoil to ground) in the 200pF
range. Fine-tuning can be done using a variable capacitor. As this
acapcitor is at the low-voltage side of the coil it can be switched with an
ordonary relais.

73, Rik  ON7YD



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Walter Staubach" <ba338@fen.baynet.de>
To: "Reflektor" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: Congrats, Dave, 71.8KHz
Date: Thu, 24 Feb 2000 09:53:46 +0100
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Dear Dave,
many thanks for my first X-band-QSO. I saw you very well, lost nothing,
although the band was more noisy than in the morning. My output on 137.7 is
only 65 watts. I am surprised how good signals on this low band are.
Probably  the range of the groundwave on 71 is better than on 137?
Thanks again, Dave, and 73 de Walter, DJ2LF, JN59NO

---------------------------------------------
Walter.Staubach@fen.baynet.de



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "John Rabson" <word.factory@zetnet.co.uk>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: LF: MSF (6O kHz) and DCF77 (77.5 kHz)
Date: Tue, 21 Mar 2000 22:23:19 -0000
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Does anyone know the geographical coordinates of these stations, please?

73 de
John Rabson G3PAI




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Gaspard De Wilde" <on4zk@vt4.net>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: LF: Re: MSF (6O kHz) and DCF77 (77.5 kHz)
Date: Wed, 22 Mar 2000 08:03:26 +0100
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strong sigs on71.8 <io91vr ooo m0bmu.....>
 Beacon?   time 10.30 utc
who  is who ?
-----Oorspronkelijk bericht-----
Van: John Rabson <word.factory@zetnet.co.uk>
Aan: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Datum: woensdag 22 maart 2000 7:41
Onderwerp: LF: MSF (6O kHz) and DCF77 (77.5 kHz)


>Does anyone know the geographical coordinates of these stations, please?
>
>73 de
>John Rabson G3PAI
>
>
>
>



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Talbot Andrew" <ACTALBOT@dera.gov.uk>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: LF: RE: MSF (6O kHz) and DCF77 (77.5 kHz)
Date: Wed, 22 Mar 2000 08:56:16 -0000
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MSF Rugby is at 52.36081 Deg N   1.17756 Deg E


> ----------
> From: 	John Rabson[SMTP:word.factory@zetnet.co.uk]
> Reply To: 	rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
> Sent: 	2000-03-21 22:23
> To: 	rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
> Subject: 	LF: MSF (6O kHz) and DCF77 (77.5 kHz)
> 
> Does anyone know the geographical coordinates of these stations,
> please?
> 
> 73 de
> John Rabson G3PAI
> 
> 
> 

-- 
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is private and is intended solely for the intended recipient(s).
For those other than the recipient any disclosure, copying, distribution, 
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From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Wed, 22 Mar 2000 11:41:30
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: "Rik Strobbe" <rik.strobbe@fys.kuleuven.ac.be>
Subject: Re: LF: RE: MSF (6O kHz) and DCF77 (77.5 kHz)
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DCF77 in located in Mainflingen near Frankfurt (50° 01' north, 09° 00' east). 

>> ----------
>> From: 	John Rabson[SMTP:word.factory@zetnet.co.uk]
>> Reply To: 	rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
>> Sent: 	2000-03-21 22:23
>> To: 	rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
>> Subject: 	LF: MSF (6O kHz) and DCF77 (77.5 kHz)
>> 
>> Does anyone know the geographical coordinates of these stations,
>> please?
>> 
>> 73 de
>> John Rabson G3PAI
>> 
>> 
>> 
>
>-- 
>The Information contained in this E-Mail and any subsequent correspondence
>is private and is intended solely for the intended recipient(s).
>For those other than the recipient any disclosure, copying, distribution, 
>or any action taken or omitted to be taken in reliance on such information is
>prohibited and may be unlawful.
>
>


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Subject: Re: LF: RE: MSF (6O kHz) and DCF77 (77.5 kHz)
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 DCF77 Specifications Location:      Mainflingen transmitter complex,
(50:01N, 09:00E), about
               25km south-east of Frankfurt a. Main.


rgrds

Thor tf3sb



                                                                                                                  
                    Talbot Andrew                                                                                 
                    <ACTALBOT@dera.go        To:     "'rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org'"                             
                    v.uk>                    <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>                                       
                                             cc:                                                                  
                                             Subject:     LF: RE: MSF (6O kHz) and DCF77 (77.5 kHz)               
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                    <majordom@post.th                                                                             
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                    rsgb_lf_group                                                                                 
                                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                  



MSF Rugby is at 52.36081 Deg N   1.17756 Deg E


> ----------
> From:   John Rabson[SMTP:word.factory@zetnet.co.uk]
> Reply To:    rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
> Sent:   2000-03-21 22:23
> To:     rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
> Subject:     LF: MSF (6O kHz) and DCF77 (77.5 kHz)
>
> Does anyone know the geographical coordinates of these stations,
> please?
>
> 73 de
> John Rabson G3PAI
>
>
>

--
The Information contained in this E-Mail and any subsequent correspondence
is private and is intended solely for the intended recipient(s).
For those other than the recipient any disclosure, copying, distribution,
or any action taken or omitted to be taken in reliance on such information
is
prohibited and may be unlawful.






From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "kate moore" <mek@leicester.ac.uk>
To: "lfgroup" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: 73kHz update
Date: Wed, 22 Mar 2000 10:13:25 -0000
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Many thanks to Alan, Jim and Rik for the reports so far on my 73kHz
signals, which are much appreciated. I still have some work to do to
optimise everything, especially improving the 136kHz receive performance
when everything is set up for 73kHz. It may be a few days before I am
able to achieve any DX crossband QSOs, but in the meantime I would be
grateful for all reports and comments on the 73kHz transmissions whilst I
try things out. 
Andy - if you still have any of those larger relays, I would be interested
in one......

I am presently getting a fraction over 2 Amps antenna current on the lower
band, and my frequency will be mainly 71.735kHz (unless I use the old
VFO, which does drift a little). If this frequency causes difficulty, I
might be able to pull the crystal up to .740, but it may be sluggish there
so I will keep it where it is for the time being.

Last night (Tues) at 17.51UT I made my first 2-way normal speed QSO on
73kHz with G3YXM - thanks Dave! Although in itself this is no great
achievement, we did manage Q5 copy both ways through the dreadful Rugby
QRM which was S9 at both ends, so I was more than happy. Hopefully Rugby
will take the occasional break so I will have a chance to work the rest of
you who are transmitting on the band.


                       Regards  John G4GVC



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Talbot Andrew" <ACTALBOT@dera.gov.uk>
To: "'LF Group'" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: Automatic attachments
Date: Wed, 22 Mar 2000 13:12:42 -0000
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A few people have commented to me about the annoying attachment that
appears at the end of messages from this account.  Some are even woried
about its implications to themselves !
It is placed there by our firewall software to protect this organisation
in the increasingly litiginous (if that's how it is spelt) society we
now live in.  You are all the recipients of anything I say and are free
to pass it on wherever as it cannot possibly refer to this
organisation's policy / IP etc.

Unless you are a lawyer / solicitor then just ignore it - if you are one
of those people then charge yourself £100 per microsecond to ignore it
:-|)

I consider a few words a small price to pay for free Email,  8 hours a
day straight to the desk with immediate notification of incoming
messages, and with an OFFICIAL OK to use for 'reasonable' private
correspondence.  At weekends the reflector is directed to another
account so I can read it at home.

Andy  G4JNT


now wait for it with suitable baited breath
..............................................here it is...

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From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Mike Dennison" <mike.dennison@rsgb.org.uk>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
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For what it's worth, I now operate very easily with the station 
optimised for both 73kHz and 136kHz with a fairly fast manual 
changeover.

The connection from the antenna to the coil can be made either to 
the 136kHz tap or the 73kHz tap (actually not a tap but the top of 
two coils). This works fine for transmit on 73 and receive on 137. To 
transmit on 137 I simply change the tap on my matching 
transformer as the impedance on slighly different.

My changeover time is about 30 seconds - more than adequate for 
two-way QRSs.

I find it important to optimise the antenna tuning on receive 
because the Datong LF converter has a broadband front end and it 
needs as much input selectivity as it can get.

Mike, G3XDV (IO91VT)
http://www.dennison.demon.co.uk/activity.htm



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "James Moritz" <j.r.moritz@herts.ac.uk>
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Subject: LF: 73kHz Cross - band
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Dear LF Group,
	No cross-band QSO's last night, but worked ON4ZK for a new 
station a little after 0700 this morning. We exchanged 'O' reports - 
Gaspard's signal would have been about 549 in a normal CW QSO.
Will try again tomorrow for more crossband QSO's.

The build-up of QRN on 136kHz as the night progresses is getting 
more noticeable now; the mornings are much quieter, but with 
occasional blasts from assorted electrical appliances.

Rik, ON7YD, has suggested I change my 'channel' from 71.81 to 
71.82kHz, to move it away from a carrier he sees close to that 
frequency - does anybody else see this QRM? Would the new 
frequency be a problem for anyone? All I see at my QTH is the 
noise from Rugby, so it's difficult for me to know.

Cheers, Jim Moritz
73 de M0BMU


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "LAWRENCE MAYHEAD" <LAURIE@g3aqc.freeserve.co.uk>
To: "rsgb lf group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: Re.QSO
Date: Wed, 22 Mar 2000 17:57:29 -0000
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<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>Hi Valerio,</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>Thanks for your mail.I&nbsp; will look out for 
you this evening on 137.7,if not seen by 2110 I will transmit on same 
frequency.I will use slow CW&nbsp; 2 sec dot.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>I will also be looking for you and G4GVC on 
71.735 at 2030. 73s Laurie.</FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Wed, 22 Mar 2000 20:00:18
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: "Rik Strobbe" <rik.strobbe@fys.kuleuven.ac.be>
Subject: LF: Antenna switching 72/136kHz
In-reply-to: <000c01bf7ea4$c69a4ac0$20d725c3@194.95.193.10.fen.baynet.de>
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In my previous mail I forgot to mention that 'parallel tuning' of the
antenna will only work with a high-impedance RX input (FET-preamp). For 50
Ohm input series tuning can be used (an additional series capacitor between
RX and loadingcoil).
This capacitor can be short-circuited to switch from 136 to 72kHz. A simple
low-voltage relais will do.
Thanks to Jim (M0BMU) to point this out.

73, Rik  ON7YD


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Subject: LF: 73 v 136
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Professional and Broadcast Engineers already know that 73 khz has a
better surface wave for the same given power than 136 khz over a given
distance. The advantage of 136 khz is the potential to cover greater
distances because of the sky wave effect. This has all been documented
if anyone cares to research the information.
Why has it taken so long for Radio Amateurs in the UK to discover this
fact, given that 73 khz has been available for several years. It was
always possible to work xband to other countries  and find out but no
one has bothered until a few  weeks ago!!!!!
Given a good VERTICAL antenna at say 100 - 120 ft with 1W erp, your
signal surface wave would greatly exceed that of a 136 khz signal. Some
have discovered lately that even a short vertical or a piece of low
slung wire is alreading doing better on 73 than 136 khz.
The UK allocation of 73 khz did not attract many participants because is
was not an International allocation, a bit like the 4 metre band, it
never attracted those with the potential to really cross frontiers.
Those mostly interested are using  G5RV type antennas strapped and an
audio amplifier!!! and sending LMCW(QRSS). Some of the qso's that I have
seen xband are suspect, there are so few active that you only need a
couple of letters of the callsign and guess the rest.
How about a proper CW qso and a proper report.
73 de G3KEV









From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "John Rabson" <word.factory@zetnet.co.uk>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
References: <3.0.1.16.20000322114130.2e87f8a4@mail.cc.kuleuven.ac.be>
Subject: Re: LF: RE: MSF (6O kHz) and DCF77 (77.5 kHz)
Date: Wed, 22 Mar 2000 19:34:23 -0000
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Thank you all for supplying the information I requested. May I explain what
is going on?

Last weekend the British Cave Research Association's Cave Radio and
Electronics Group performed some tests in the Yorkshire Dales with a view to
finding, amongst other things, whether we could null out some of the
interference we experience with cave radios.

The principal source of interference is LORAN C (known in cave radio circles
as The Galloping Horses) but this of course is a somewhat variable signal .
We use MSF and DCF as more nearly constant signals for testing the
directivity of our surface arrays .

Our results should be published in the next issue of the correct a journal.

73 de
John Rabson G3PAI





From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
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Subject: Re: LF: RE: MSF (6O kHz) and DCF77 (77.5 kHz)
Date: Wed, 22 Mar 2000 19:59:56 -0000
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That should be CREG Journal.

----- Original Message -----
From: John Rabson <word.factory@zetnet.co.uk>
To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: Wednesday, March 22, 2000 7:34 PM
Subject: Re: LF: RE: MSF (6O kHz) and DCF77 (77.5 kHz)


> Thank you all for supplying the information I requested. May I explain
what
> is going on?
>
> Last weekend the British Cave Research Association's Cave Radio and
> Electronics Group performed some tests in the Yorkshire Dales with a view
to
> finding, amongst other things, whether we could null out some of the
> interference we experience with cave radios.
>
> The principal source of interference is LORAN C (known in cave radio
circles
> as The Galloping Horses) but this of course is a somewhat variable signal
.
> We use MSF and DCF as more nearly constant signals for testing the
> directivity of our surface arrays .
>
> Our results should be published in the next issue of the correct a
journal.
>
> 73 de
> John Rabson G3PAI
>
>
>
>
>



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Subject: Re: LF: Re. Folded dipoles and meander ants.
References: <000201bf78bc$2346f1e0$8881883e@lvm>
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LAWRENCE MAYHEAD wrote:
> 
> Hi John,
> I tried to model just such an antenna a few weeks ago using Eznec.The
> idea was similar to yours to try to improve the top loading.However
> the configuration showed NO improvement over having the 3 top wires in
> paralel.Presumably at a spacing of only 2 feet they are far too close
> together to have any effect.I am very intrested in any development of
> this type and would be quite happy to model any ideas you may have.73s
> Laurie.

I suggest trying a "second droopy wire" over the same span as each
existing top loading wire.  The effective capacitance should go up
moderately (compared to replacing existing wire with larger diameter). 
So in your example above, add wires a little below the three parallel
top wires, and join them at appropriate places.  In practice, using the
same end terminations, a second wire could be made a little longer, so
would droop below the wire taking the tension.  In practice a second
wire could tangle in the wind, but it does not tangle for computer
modelling :)

73, Bob ZL2CA




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "LAWRENCE MAYHEAD" <LAURIE@g3aqc.freeserve.co.uk>
To: "rsgb lf group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: Re.QSO
Date: Wed, 22 Mar 2000 23:27:53 -0000
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<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>Hi Valerio,</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>Looked for you on 71.735 at 20:30-21:00 nothing 
seen.Saw G4GVC and M0BMU at this time.Saw your CQ on 137.7 at 21:00 and replied 
QRSS but nothing further seen from you.However your sig started at &quot;O&quot; 
but dropped to &quot;M&quot; by the end so</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>perhaps you did reply but propagation too poor 
later?</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>We should try again, 73s 
Laurie.</FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "LAWRENCE MAYHEAD" <LAURIE@g3aqc.freeserve.co.uk>
To: "rsgb lf group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: Re.Folded Dipoles and Meander Ants.
Date: Wed, 22 Mar 2000 23:17:00 -0000
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<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>Hi Bob,</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>Re. your comments on &quot;meander&quot; Ants, 
subsequent modelling did show a small increase in R.Res using a 3 wire top with 
the centre wire only connected to the vertical.I will try your idea of a second 
droopy wire and advise.73s Laurie</FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "LAWRENCE MAYHEAD" <LAURIE@g3aqc.freeserve.co.uk>
To: "rsgb lf group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: Re DF6NM in DFSS.
Date: Thu, 23 Mar 2000 09:54:05 -0000
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<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>Hi Marcus,</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2></FONT><FONT size=2>Many thanks for QSO last 
nite,your sigs were good &quot;O&quot; at first but later QRN very bad and I 
lost you sri.I have been working on my Tx ant since our first contact,so I 
wonder wether you noticed and difference in my sig.?</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2>73s es CUAGN. Laurie.G3AQC.&nbsp;</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV></BODY></HTML>

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From: "Larry Kayser" <kayser@sympatico.ca>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org,  lowfer@qth.net
Subject: LF: Observation, drop in LF noise
Date: Thu, 23 Mar 2000 09:02:42 -0500
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<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>Greetings All:</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>The following is an observation the occurred 
about an hour ago that may be of interest to some in the LF and LowFer 
communities.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>I am watching 189.000 +30, -30 Hz with Gram 
continuously while I am in the shack here.&nbsp; There are two signals I am 
seeing on this part of the spectrum, one carrier that goes on and off from time 
to time is on 189.008 kHz.&nbsp; There is a much weaker signal on 189.000 that 
in the daytime is a faint trace line.&nbsp; There is another signal that is 
louder in the evening on 189.000, I am assuming the two signals on 189.000 are 
from different sources.&nbsp; I am looking for a LowFer beacon signal on 
189.000, so far I can not confirm I have seen it.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2>There was an M class flare at 11.59 utc, peaked at 12:14 utc, 
ended at 12:33 utc.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2>At about 12:48 utc the screen presentation from Gram suddenly 
went from typical noise spots to almost ZERO noise, the signal level on 189.008 
kHz stayed the same level and the trace signal on 189.000 kHz stayed the same 
level although it was certainly easier to see.&nbsp; Without having the 
confidence of my observation I started poking around for a bad RF connector in 
the system.&nbsp; The duration of the low noise was for very nearly two minutes 
then the noise returned to normal levels.&nbsp; By this point I had nearly torn 
the place apart looking for the bad connector that I now feel does not 
exist.&nbsp; The low noise period had moved to very nearly the edge of the 
screen when I realized that the 189.008 kHz signal level had stayed the same 
throughout the event period, only the noise had changed in level.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2>The 15 minute difference from the end of the M level solar 
event started me wondering if the lack of noise and the M level event might be 
related.&nbsp; </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2>If anyone else has an observation of a varying level of noise 
on LF during this time period today I would be interested to hear about 
it.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2>Larry</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2>VA3LK</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV></BODY></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "James Moritz" <j.r.moritz@herts.ac.uk>
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Subject: LF: 73kHz Cross - band QSO's
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Dear LF group,
	Sent CQ's on 71.81 for cross-band QSO's from 2030 - 2250 
last night, and from 0600 - 0815 this morning, but no replies that I 
could detect. Did see G4GVC on 71.7 or therabouts, with a just-
about audible QRSS signal. Also saw G3AQC and DF6NM on 
137.7. The noise level on 136kHz seemed to rise quite sharply 
after about 2200, and fall quite sharply at about 0730.

I will be sticking to my 71.81kHz 'channel' for the time being; the 
balance of response has been in favour of this, especially since 
71.82 is already being used by G3XTZ! Of course, I can always 
use a different frequency if requested, no problem.

In response to some of Mal's points, I was using a Maplin MOSFET 
audio amp as a PA until recently - it produced about 100W 
perfectly reliably, but I had to modify it to increase slew rate in 
order to get full output on 136, and also improve the heatsinking; it 
wasn't very efficient, requiring well over 200W DC input.

As for 120ft verticals, well, yes please!

Using the same, small, antenna as usual, my best DX QSO has 
been OH1TN with normal CW on 136 kHz, but I have not managed 
to reach him yet on 73kHz using QRSS CW.In theory, a given 
antenna ought to be about 6dB less efficient on 73kHz compared to 
136kHz, and the natural noise level is higher by about 6dB too, so 
DX contacts are unlikely ever to be easier on the lower band, in 
spite of reduced ground wave losses. Certainly, the stations local 
to me are much weaker signals on 73kHz than they are on 136kHz. 
But the special circumstances on 73kHz at the moment are that the 
noise level in the UK is extremely high due to the Rugby 
transmitter, whereas in Europe this is not so much of a problem, 
judging by the spectrogram screen shots that have been posted. 
Because of this, it is sometimes easier to receive a 73kHz signal 
outside the UK than it is over a short distance. I don't see why 
ionospheric propagation should not play a part on 73kHz; obviously 
there has not been much opportunity to investigate this.

I had a nice cross-band QSO with PA0SE last time Rugby was off 
the air, using normal CW; I think we both gave each other 559 or 
569 reports - copy was certainly no problem. It would be good if 
Mal could activate his GI3KEV station for the next 'first Tuesday' -
assuming of course that Rugby does go off air again, G - GI cross-
band QSO's ought to be quite possible with normal CW, as 
possibly other countries too.

I think it's important we all do as much with 73kHz as possible in 
the time there is available - after all, if we ever try to get new 
bands allocated, or stop existing ones going to other users, we 
won't get much sympathy from the powers-that-be if they have the 
impression the bandwidth won't be utilised. Perhaps a cross-band, 
QRSS contact is not ideal as a form of communications, but it is a 
lot more interesting and challenging than nothing.

I intend to be QRV on 73kHz again on Friday night and over the 
weekend; hope to see you there.

Cheers, Jim Moritz
73 de M0BMU







From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: =?iso-8859-1?Q?V=E4in=F6_Lehtoranta?= <vaiski@dlc.fi>
Subject: Re: LF: Observation, drop in LF noise
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Hi Larry, a very short comment follows:

Assume your noise level depends on ionospherically
reflected signals, possibly from natural sources as
the case often is at least on lower latitudes.
My corr geomagnetic latitude is about 57 degrees
and I can notice reduction of "sky-wave" signals
(before?) during or after a solar M/X level event.
I've kept daily log of LF noise level in hope to get
some new ideas. Unfortunately man-made noise of
some kind is getting worse especially on LF freqs.
It is a paradox that for more than 30 years of
time we had a stationary order to keep that kind
of log of LF/MF noise levels but actually we didn't.
Would be interesting to know what stations you hear
on 189.000 and/or 189.008, possibly via ground wave?
73 de Vaino, OH2LX 








Greetings All:
  
The following is an observation the occurred about an hour ago that may be
of interest to some in the LF and LowFer communities.
  
I am watching 189.000 +30, -30 Hz with Gram continuously while I am in the
shack here.  There are two signals I am seeing on this part of the
spectrum, one carrier that goes on and off from time to time is on 189.008
kHz.  There is a much weaker signal on 189.000 that in the daytime is a
faint trace line.  There is another signal that is louder in the evening on
189.000, I am assuming the two signals on 189.000 are from different
sources.  I am looking for a LowFer beacon signal on 189.000, so far I can
not confirm I have seen it.
  
There was an M class flare at 11.59 utc, peaked at 12:14 utc, ended at
12:33 utc.
  
At about 12:48 utc the screen presentation from Gram suddenly went from
typical noise spots to almost ZERO noise, the signal level on 189.008 kHz
stayed the same level and the trace signal on 189.000 kHz stayed the same
level although it was certainly easier to see.  Without having the
confidence of my observation I started poking around for a bad RF connector
in the system.  The duration of the low noise was for very nearly two
minutes then the noise returned to normal levels.  By this point I had
nearly torn the place apart looking for the bad connector that I now feel
does not exist.  The low noise period had moved to very nearly the edge of
the screen when I realized that the 189.008 kHz signal level had stayed the
same throughout the event period, only the noise had changed in level.
  
The 15 minute difference from the end of the M level solar event started me
wondering if the lack of noise and the M level event might be related.  
  
If anyone else has an observation of a varying level of noise on LF during
this time period today I would be interested to hear about it.
  
Larry
VA3LK

----------------------------------------------------------
V.K.Lehtoranta, OH2LX, POBox 50, FIN-05401 Jokela, Finland
------ Tel: +358-9-4173965 ---- Fax: +358-9-4173961 ------
E-mail: vaiski@dlc.fi - alias: oh2lx@dlc.fi & oh2lx@sral.fi


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Thu, 23 Mar 2000 12:37:45 -0500
From: "DEREK ATTER" <DATTER@compuserve.com>
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Subject: LF: Re: 73/136kHz
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Hello LFers

Lech G3KAU and myself plan to be QRV from 1930 onwards on 73Khz Friday
evening from the Crawley Club station using the Club call G6RC  -  (G6
Radio Club !) rather than our usual call G3WSC because G6RC has a lower
duty cycle for QRSS !.  

We expect to run 300W RF to the 360 ft long Inverted "L"  which has a
70ft.vertical down lead. We also plan to be QRX on 136Khz for possible
X-band QSOs.   We have just installed a new computer at the Club including
sound card so will be QRV with Spectrogram and Spectran for receiving on
either 73 or 136Khz and would welcome any arrangement for skeds either QRSS
or hand CW. We can also be QRV on any HF band for talk - back if required.

Looking at the  suggested frequencies on 73Khz already posted on the
reflector for various stations, I propose we use 71.83Khz but would welcome
any suggestions to the contrary because it is some time since we have been
on the band and a lot has been happening in the past couple of weeks.

I have been air testing the rig with new loading coil today and will be QRV
(manual CW) from the home QTH on 73Khz tonight  Thursday  23rd March . I am
obtaining 2.0 amps into my inverted "L" with 3 x 50m wire top and 15m
vertical leg with 250w RF which makes the base impedance about 65ohms. The
antenna current is slightly down on that obtained at 136Khz and the base
impedance slightly higher than the 136Khz value of approx 45 ohms.

                Regards,   Derek Atter,  G3GRO,  Crawley,  IO91VC      Tel
:  (0)1293 520 424



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Subject: LF: 73 khz NOV
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Although 73 khz operations is to cease shortly, I understand that anyone
interested might be able to get a NOV  until the closure date.
Conversation overheard on 80 metres. A direct approach to the DTI seems
to be procedure. According to the conversation a M0 station was granted
one recently.
If anyone is interested there is no harm in asking even at this late
stage.
Seemingly anyone that asked for a NOV when the band became available had
it granted, regardless of the operators potential to propogate a signal
on the band.
I was one of the first to have a 6 metre NOV when the band was first
made avaibale to UK radio amateurs, I also had one or the first NOV'S
for a packet BBS, which I owned and operated for several years. This was
a NTS bbs GB7KEV linking GB7WRG West Yorkshire to GB7BMX up on the
Scottish border.
Prior to that in 1962 I had a NOV to run 1kw for experimental purposes
for long haul experiments. The normal power at that time was 150 watts
DC input.
Ask and you will be surprised what is available.
73 de G3KEV





From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "DEREK ATTER" <DATTER@compuserve.com>
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Subject: LF: Crawley Club Station  QRV on 73kHz
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Re my earlier message today regarding the Crawley Club station G6RV
hopefully being QRV on 73Khz tomorrow,.Friday 24th March from 1930UTC  -  I
have just been reminded that only our Club callsign  G3WSC has been issued
a notice of variation on the licence to permit operation on the 73Khz band 
( Oops !!)   So, -  we will be operating under the call G3WSC and not G6RC.

                        73,   Derek Atter,  G3GRO


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Dick Rollema" <d.w.rollema@freeler.nl>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
References: <11119.200003231501@gemini>
Subject: LF: Re: 73kHz Cross - band QSO's
Date: Thu, 23 Mar 2000 20:39:50 +0100
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Jim, M0BMU wrote
> But the special circumstances on 73kHz at the moment are that the
> noise level in the UK is extremely high due to the Rugby
> transmitter, whereas in Europe this is not so much of a problem,

It makes me happy to learn that England is not part of Europe. That makes my
G-QSO's not only international, but even intercontinental .... ..

73, Dick, PA0SE




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From: "Koenig, Wolfgang" <Wolfgang.Koenig@vs.dasa.de>
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Subject: LF: Portable Activity d e DL0UL/p on 136 kHz
Date: Fri, 24 Mar 2000 08:54:50 +0100
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Hallo Group,

I will be qrv from a portable qth on saturday 25th. The callsign will be
DL0UL/p and the locator is JN48VM. The antenna is an inverted V about 20
meters at feed point with two legs 100 meters each. Only normal CW operation
on 136 kHz is possible. Would be happy to meet you on the band. If you hear
my call please spot in the cluster.

73 de dl1san Wolf
  


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "LAWRENCE MAYHEAD" <LAURIE@g3aqc.freeserve.co.uk>
To: "rsgb lf group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: Re.Folded dipoles etc.
Date: Fri, 24 Mar 2000 08:25:22 -0000
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<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>Bob,</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>I have now had a chance to do a bit more 
modelling.I tried an aditional &quot;droopy&quot;</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>top wire with the followihg 
results:-</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>1) No change in R.Res!</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>2)Change in Xc from 2600 to 1900 
ohms.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>I suppose this is what could be expected,and no 
doubt further top wires would produce&nbsp; a further increase in 
&quot;C&quot;.There will be secondary effects of course reduction in coil loss 
and reduction in voltage on vert. part of ant which may help if nearby objects 
etc.However its a lot of wire to keep up Hi and only a small improvement.If the 
&quot;droopy wires were taken to a spreader at the centre of the ant. they could 
be kept under control! So thanks for the idea,but I guess we have to keep on 
looking. 73s Laurie.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV></BODY></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: =?iso-8859-1?Q?V=E4in=F6_Lehtoranta?= <vaiski@dlc.fi>
Subject: LF: GW F-s versus Wx parametres
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Working on the material left by ex YLE Meas station...
Does anyone know the email address of C. Gordon Van Aruan
whose article "Influence of Atmospheric Humidity on
Low-Frequency Radio Ground Waves" is on the pages 2.5-2.7
of "the LF Experimenters's Source Book", 2nd Edition.

Let me refer to another article in Proc IRE, April 1948,
"Temperature Variations of Ground-Wave Signal Intensity
at Standard Broadcast Frequencies" by Frederick R Gracely:
----------
"Ground-Wave signal intensities at standard broadcast
frequencies exhibit considerable variation, even over
short paths. ... The practical result of such variations,
regardless of the physical explanations ultimately involved,
is equivalent to changes in the EFFECTIVE CONDUCTIVITY OF
THE PATH. Therefore, in cases where the consideration of
close margins in conductivity measurements is necessary,
the variations produced by changing conditions over the
path may become exceedingly important. ...

Careful comparisons of signal intensities with many sets
of data on temperature, precipitation, humidity, atmospheric
pressure, dew point, and vapor pressure showed clearly that
there was closer and more continuous correlation with 
TEMPERATURE than any other single type of data."
-----------
As we have been making these GW F-s measurements for more
than 50 years, would like to ask whether other persons on
this reflector have professional type of experience with
these F-s variations?      73 de Vaino, OH2LX



----------------------------------------------------------
V.K.Lehtoranta, OH2LX, POBox 50, FIN-05401 Jokela, Finland
------ Tel: +358-9-4173965 ---- Fax: +358-9-4173961 ------
E-mail: vaiski@dlc.fi - alias: oh2lx@dlc.fi & oh2lx@sral.fi


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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> It makes me happy to learn that England is not part of Europe. That makes my
> G-QSO's not only international, but even intercontinental .... ..

There is a lot of fog today on the Channel, James.... the continent seems to be
isolated...      :-)

Alberto   I2PHD



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Subject: LF: Re: 73k
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Friday night is activity night?

Hello group.

I'll be operating this evening (Friday) on the 73k band from 20.00 to 22.45 
UTC.

As my DDS is temporarily out of action I'm resorting to my old faithful 
crystal.

Measured as 71.997kHz.     normal CW  20.00 to 21.15
                                         slow CW beacon 21.20 to 22.45.  will 
monitor 3572 +/-during this period.

73

David   G0MRF    IO91TK


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Dear LF group,
	Hope to work the Crawley Club this evening on 73kHz using 
normal CW - if this doesn't work out, I will try QRSS later. It sounds 
like they should be able to put out a good signal.

I will also be available for cross-band QSO's tonight, and I will try 
again tommorrow morning up until about 1200 - I have not tried 
operating on 73kHz during the late morning before, but this may 
favour propagation somewhere! Any listener reports would always 
be welcome.

Hope to see you later,

Cheers, Jim Moritz
73 de M0BMU


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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     As a broadcast engineer, I have had opportunities to observe apparent 
ground conductivity changes with temperature, and over at least some types of 
soil, there does appear to be a fairly decent correlation (if not exactly 
huge, under temperate conditions) at mediumwave.
     The "Influence of Atmospheric Humidity on Low-Frequency Radio Ground 
Waves" article, however, is one which caused a bit of a fuss when it first 
appeared over here in The LOWDOWN.  It invokes a new cause, without any 
hypothesis for a working mechanism, for an effect that is already quite easy 
to explain.
     One might note that some of the numbers in the article have 
pre-corrections applied that involve precisely the variables whose effects 
are supposedly being demonstrated.  Of course a "correlation" will be found 
when one does that!
     Furthermore, the atmospheric humidity values are not known over the 
paths to the different stations whose signals are being measured...only near 
the receiving site.  It is not valid to assume the humidity is the same over 
such a wide geographical area.  (Nor is it legitimate to assume the radiated 
power of each station remains constant, but that's another matter.)
     If one disregards the pseudomathematical circular reasoning and looks 
only at raw signal voltages, the only legitimate inference is that humidity 
levels at the receiving site have an effect on the terminal voltage at the 
receiving antenna--which is exactly what one would expect of an electrically 
short vertical atop an unprotected insulator, feeding a high impedance 
voltmeter.
     In short, the data are meaningless.
     For the experiment to prove the author's contentions, conditions over 
the signal paths would need to be known to at least some extent, the field 
strength would need to be measured with an environmentally protected active 
whip antenna or loop antenna, the transmitter parameters or transmit antenna 
current would need to be included, and the measured field intensities would 
need to be presented without any sort of doctoring.  In the years since the 
article's first publication, this followup has not been forthcoming.

73,
John


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>Hi Valerio,</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>Thanks for your mail of 23/3/00.Had to be away 
from home all day yesterday so could not set up schedule.Will look for you 
tonight DFCW at about 2100 If no contact will try again at 0900 on25/03.Hope 
this OK.Best Wishes es 73 Laurie.</FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Is the computer generated qrss send/receive mode recognised for DXCC
purposes, also where does xband qso's fit in. For those seeking glory
there could be a disappointment.
G3KEV





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From: "g3kev" <g3kev@netscapeonline.co.uk>
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To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: Re: LF: 73kHz Cross - band QSO's
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James Moritz wrote:

> Dear LF group,
>         Sent CQ's on 71.81 for cross-band QSO's from 2030 - 2250
> last night, and from 0600 - 0815 this morning, but no replies that I
> could detect. Did see G4GVC on 71.7 or therabouts, with a just-
> about audible QRSS signal. Also saw G3AQC and DF6NM on
> 137.7. The noise level on 136kHz seemed to rise quite sharply
> after about 2200, and fall quite sharply at about 0730.
>
> I will be sticking to my 71.81kHz 'channel' for the time being; the
> balance of response has been in favour of this, especially since
> 71.82 is already being used by G3XTZ! Of course, I can always
> use a different frequency if requested, no problem.
>
> In response to some of Mal's points, I was using a Maplin MOSFET
> audio amp as a PA until recently - it produced about 100W
> perfectly reliably, but I had to modify it to increase slew rate in
> order to get full output on 136, and also improve the heatsinking; it
> wasn't very efficient, requiring well over 200W DC input.
>
> As for 120ft verticals, well, yes please!
>
> Using the same, small, antenna as usual, my best DX QSO has
> been OH1TN with normal CW on 136 kHz, but I have not managed
> to reach him yet on 73kHz using QRSS CW.In theory, a given
> antenna ought to be about 6dB less efficient on 73kHz compared to
> 136kHz, and the natural noise level is higher by about 6dB too, so
> DX contacts are unlikely ever to be easier on the lower band, in
> spite of reduced ground wave losses. Certainly, the stations local
> to me are much weaker signals on 73kHz than they are on 136kHz.
> But the special circumstances on 73kHz at the moment are that the
> noise level in the UK is extremely high due to the Rugby
> transmitter, whereas in Europe this is not so much of a problem,
> judging by the spectrogram screen shots that have been posted.
> Because of this, it is sometimes easier to receive a 73kHz signal
> outside the UK than it is over a short distance. I don't see why
> ionospheric propagation should not play a part on 73kHz; obviously
> there has not been much opportunity to investigate this.
>
> I had a nice cross-band QSO with PA0SE last time Rugby was off
> the air, using normal CW; I think we both gave each other 559 or
> 569 reports - copy was certainly no problem. It would be good if
> Mal could activate his GI3KEV station for the next 'first Tuesday' -
> assuming of course that Rugby does go off air again, G - GI cross-
> band QSO's ought to be quite possible with normal CW, as
> possibly other countries too.

Recently some are getting carried away with a mathematical/theory
approach instead of getting out into the field and putting the theory
into practice. You will notice a big difference in REALITY.
I have noticed in every case of theory observations put forward recently
that the conclusion is ALWAYS, could be anything between 6 db and 10 db
out !!!!!!!!
Perhaps some do not realise the significance. It means that in reality
the sums could be out be KILOWATTS. IE 100 watts or maybe 400 watts(6db)
or maybe 1KW (10db).
Theory/mathematics puts one in the parking area but in REALITY it is the
practicality of the idea that achieves the object. Get outside, get the
tower and antenna up in the air and check your results.
Small gardens are no excuse, a 100 ft vertical takes up very little
space, and gives the neighbours something to talk about.

I do not intend to work xband 73/136 khz from GI or elswhere. If I was
sufficiently interested I would get a NOV for 73 and with my antenna
systems and normal CW I would try to achieve some new records. If the
band was an International allocation I would be interested .
At times when I have listened on 73 khz, I use my 160m inv L antenna 80
ft vertical and 250 ft horizontal resonated for 73 khz, this is a
separate antenna on a different tower  from my 100 ft system for 136 khz.
The signals heard on 73 khz are very strong s5 to s9 normally, so I
cannot understand why qrss is necessary. Although the Rugby tx is strong
here, it does not have any splatter and the 73 khz band is even quiter
than 136 khz.
G3KEV


>
> I think it's important we all do as much with 73kHz as possible in
> the time there is available - after all, if we ever try to get new
> bands allocated, or stop existing ones going to other users, we
> won't get much sympathy from the powers-that-be if they have the
> impression the bandwidth won't be utilised. Perhaps a cross-band,
> QRSS contact is not ideal as a form of communications, but it is a
> lot more interesting and challenging than nothing.
>
> I intend to be QRV on 73kHz again on Friday night and over the
> weekend; hope to see you there.
>
> Cheers, Jim Moritz
> 73 de M0BMU





From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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To: "Mitch Powell" <PowellM@claven.fanshawec.on.ca>, 
 "lf-amrad" <lf@amrad.org>
Cc: "Rsgb_lf_group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: 650 kM with just a wire on the ground...
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Hello Mitch,
You now need to rent a new holiday QTH even closer to the North Pole  :-)
Congratulations and keep up the good work
73
Andre' N4ICK
**********************************************
Mitch Powell wrote:

> GE Andre:
> Travelled North of London to rural QTH, at 44:20N 81:11W.
> Took along trusty R8, HB preamps, HB SCAF filter and a bit
> of wire, and Spectrogram.
> Within one hour had setup eqpt. and installed 750 foot long wire,
> which lay on the pasture, across a creek (actually in the water
> at midpoint !)and grounded with a 500 ohm resistor and a one
> meter long copper pipe. It was on the ground for the entire length
> and directed within a few degrees of your QTH.
> Switched on - and instant copy - as seen on the 'gram.
> Gram 1 - 3pm22nd shows WA2XTF/12 very well and a trace of
>                 WA2XTF/6,
> Gram 2 - 345pm shows both stations after a bit of tuning, and
>
> Gram3 - 23-7AM shows both stations in the early morning .
>
> WA2XTF/12 - readable nearly 24 hours, with the only exception near
> sunset until 8-9 in the evening.
> WA2XTF/6 not solid during the latter part of the day ( as shown )
> but very solid all through the night until early morning.
>
> I am attaching the three jpgs, for your viewing and also an htm file with
> the "official" distance and QTH information.
> 73
> Mitch  VE3OT



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: Re: LF: GW F-s versus Wx parametres
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WarmSpgs@aol.com wrote:

>      As a broadcast engineer, I have had opportunities to observe apparent
> ground conductivity changes with temperature, and over at least some types of
> soil, there does appear to be a fairly decent correlation (if not exactly
> huge, under temperate conditions) at mediumwave.
>      The "Influence of Atmospheric Humidity on Low-Frequency Radio Ground
> Waves" article, however, is one which caused a bit of a fuss when it first
> appeared over here in The LOWDOWN.  It invokes a new cause, without any
> hypothesis for a working mechanism, for an effect that is already quite easy
> to explain.
>      One might note that some of the numbers in the article have
> pre-corrections applied that involve precisely the variables whose effects
> are supposedly being demonstrated.  Of course a "correlation" will be found
> when one does that!
>      Furthermore, the atmospheric humidity values are not known over the
> paths to the different stations whose signals are being measured...only near
> the receiving site.  It is not valid to assume the humidity is the same over
> such a wide geographical area.  (Nor is it legitimate to assume the radiated
> power of each station remains constant, but that's another matter.)
>      If one disregards the pseudomathematical circular reasoning and looks
> only at raw signal voltages, the only legitimate inference is that humidity
> levels at the receiving site have an effect on the terminal voltage at the
> receiving antenna--which is exactly what one would expect of an electrically
> short vertical atop an unprotected insulator, feeding a high impedance
> voltmeter.
>      In short, the data are meaningless.
>      For the experiment to prove the author's contentions, conditions over
> the signal paths would need to be known to at least some extent, the field
> strength would need to be measured with an environmentally protected active
> whip antenna or loop antenna, the transmitter parameters or transmit antenna
> current would need to be included, and the measured field intensities would
> need to be presented without any sort of doctoring.  In the years since the
> article's first publication, this followup has not been forthcoming.
>
> 73,
> John

This makes sense and all the recent theory/mathematical supposition about the
subject is a nonsense, especially about measuring TX power output at the remote
RX site. The recent observations from G3LDO about watching out because YOUR POWER
output can be calculated, is totally misleading. Is he concerned that someone
might gain an advantage by running an extra few m/watts.  Each and every radio
station operational, especially on LF has a totally different set of
circumstances, not least local environment, coastal, inland, flat and wet,
mountainous etc, local temperature variations, path to rx station.
Why are so many concerned about this aspect instead of getting up a good high
resonant antenna, a good radial /ground system and fire up and get some practical
results. All the theory/mathematics and papers about the subject have been
written over the past 80 years and just need browsing if one needs information.
Why re- invent the wheel?
It is obvious on the 136 khz band who has the best signals, those with HB purpose
built transmitters, and those who put some effort into antennas, and radial
systems.
de G3KEV





From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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To: "RSGB LF Group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: M0BMU on 71.8 kHz
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Listening report

Last night, (Friday) I saw a good spectogram picture (M for sure, almost
O) of M0BMU on my screen.
Time abt 23:05 gmt, calling CQ several times (Crossband) in SCW.
I am not qrv very often last months; but it was my first activity I
saw/heard on the 71kHz band
Also noticed OK1FIG again with a great "O" signal also in SCW.
Regards to all

Jaap/ pa3guc
jo33ei




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "john sexton" <computernetworks@excite.com>
To: RSGB_LF_GROUP@BLACKSHEEP.ORG
Subject: LF: Re: 73kHz listener reports
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Hi all,

The following reports are copied from my log of 71.8 kHz +/- for the last
two nights, from 19.00 till 21.00. There was a very high noise floor, which
may be the reason for the somewhat lower S levels reported than on earlier
occasions. S meter readings were difficult because of the high noise level,
and instead I have used the scale of Signal Strengths from the RSGB
handbook. Nothing was heard of G3WSC from Crawley, nor from G0MRF.

Call	Time	Date	RST	Remark
G3GRO	20.00	23.3.00	5,3,9	calling CQ
------------------------------------------------------------------
G3LDO	19.00	24.3.00	5,3,9	calling CQ
M0BMU	19.35	24.3.00	5,3,9	start of QSO with LDO
G3XDV	19.45	24.3.00	5,2,9	calling CQ
G3LDO	20.15	24.3.00	O	QRSS very clear
G3GRO	20.59	24.3.00	O	QRSS equal strength to LDO

John, G4CNN, IO91ML.
Receiver: AOR 7030. Antenna: G3LNP loop (East-West) tuned for 136 kHz.






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From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Subject: LF: Signal Strength Measurements by OH2LX
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Measurements of UK Decca's and some other stations :
----------------------------------------------------------
Day ------------------   21Mar  22Mar  23Mar  24Mar  25Mar
                          TUE    WED    THU    FRI    SAT
Time, UTC ------------   2130-  2120-  2120-  2130-  2140-
----------------------------------------------------------
kHz    Ch   *d,km  AZI*     *Indicated ESH2 input, dBmW*
----------------------------------------------------------
127.8 (6C),  1435, 280,   -121   -113   -114   -105   -113
----------------------------------------------------------
126.7 (2A),  1565, 269,   -110   -110   -111   -106   -108
----------------------------------------------------------
128.5 (8E),  1766, 276,   -108   -110   -108   -104   -106  
----------------------------------------------------------
127.0 (3B),  1871, 257,   -114   -109   -123   -105   -111
----------------------------------------------------------
127.5 (5B),  1890, 247,   -116   -117   -110   -102   -110
----------------------------------------------------------
128.2 (7D),  2060, 267,   -118   -119   -110   -102   -110
----------------------------------------------------------
126.4 (1B),  2282, 253,   -114   -120   -117   -121   -113
----------------------------------------------------------
kHz    Ch   *d,km  AZI*     *Indicated ESH2 input, dBmW*
----------------------------------------------------------
128.93 ref,  1553, 228,    -92    -83    -88    -87    -89
----------------------------------------------------------
138.83 ref,  1221, 226,    -83    -79    -81    -81    -83
----------------------------------------------------------
135.8  SXV   2490, 182,   -109   -114   -112   -109   -105
----------------------------------------------------------
137.0  CFH*  5750, 295,    Nil    Nil    Nil    Nil    Nil
----------------------------------------------------------
* CFH heard on the 21st & 24th after 22z, up to -127 dBmW
----------------------------------------------------------
20Mar 2034: SM6PXJ -111..-109(f): 2056: -117..-116
20Mar 2046: MM0ALM -127; 2058: -123; 2108: -120..-119
20Mar 2107: OH7OL  -124..-122
22Mar 2139: SM6PXJ -110..-112; 2142: -111..-109
24Mar 2137: OH1TN  -113
24Mar 2138: G3KEV  -126; 2203: -126; 2209: -126
25Mar 2213: OH7OL  -124
----------------------------------------------------------
(R&S ESH2/---- 10m coax---/1:10/---15m wire-----):
Noise level with antenna: with 200Hz IF BandWidth: 
-26..-21 dB(uV), -133..-128dBmW (varies w qrm etc)
----------------------------------------------------------
End of message of 26 Mar 2000, 0650 UTC, from OH2LX




----------------------------------------------------------
V.K.Lehtoranta, OH2LX, POBox 50, FIN-05401 Jokela, Finland
------ Tel: +358-9-4173965 ---- Fax: +358-9-4173961 ------
E-mail: vaiski@dlc.fi - alias: oh2lx@dlc.fi & oh2lx@sral.fi


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I needed to change the resonance of my 73kHz antenna tuning 
arrangement to be resonant on 136kHz for cross band contacts. 
The tuning arrangement here is a sort of three-stage booster, 
comprising a commercial variometer ( probably for about 500kHz) 
followed by the 136kHz coil then the 73kHz coil, all in series. I 
felt that all I would have to do would be to short out the 73kHz 
coil. I knew that the voltage at the top of the coil was high (it 
will arc a 15mm gap) so I started looking for suitable relay.

In spite of good advice on the reflector from Rik and Jim (M0BMU) I 
still pressed on with the original idea. 

> Ohm input series tuning can be used (an additional series capacitor between
> RX and loading coil). This capacitor can be short-circuited to switch from 136 to 72kHz. A simple
> low-voltage relais will do.

After a lot of spectacular failures the message finally sunk in.  I  
fitted a series receiver type airspaced capacitor between the first 
stage of the coil where the RF voltage is relatively low. It is 
shorted out on transmit by the high voltage relay sent to me by Andy, G4JNT.

This arrangement has the advantage that it can be tuned up accurately 
for maximum signal on 136kHz, giving me at least 2 S points extra 
gain compared with when it is not tuned. 


-- 
Regards, Peter, G3LDO

<g3ldo@zetnet.co.uk>







From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Subject: LF: conditions 26.03.00
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Hi all,

I was listening QRSs this morning 0630 - 0730, band seemed to be 
quieter than I've ever seen before at this QTH. I don't know whether 
this was due to local conditions, or whether this was a general 
effect. Did anyone else notice?

Saw OK1FIG calling CQ at 0633,(this must be my longest distance heard 
yet!) and ON4ZK at 0703. Both "O" signals.

By 0730 noise was well up, so gave in and repaired to garden!

Regards 

Paul G4MD


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Mon, 27 Mar 2000 09:56:03
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: "Rik Strobbe" <rik.strobbe@fys.kuleuven.ac.be>
Subject: Re: LF: QRSS
In-reply-to: <38DA76BF.FFB7D027@netscapeonline.co.uk>
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At 19:55 23/03/00 +0000, you wrote:
>Is the computer generated qrss send/receive mode recognised for DXCC
>purposes, also where does xband qso's fit in. For those seeking glory
>there could be a disappointment.
>G3KEV
>

Being very close to applying my 136kHz DXCC (only 82 more DXCC countries
needed) I was also very worried about this. Although QRSS is CW and as far
as I know nothing is said about the transmitting speed, nor about what kind
of 'filtering' is allowed, there might be an 'apparatsik' at the DXCC board
who could object my application.
I almost got very depressed by this thought but then I reminded that I
started with LF to do something completely new : to learn something about
new techniques and proagation, far away from the '599 73' QSOs you can
easily have on HF (and with some luck get your DXCC within a week).
So after all I think I can live with the knowledge that I will probably
never get my 136kHz DXCC.

73, Rik  ON7YD


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "kate moore" <mek@leicester.ac.uk>
To: "lfgroup" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: New GW on 136
Date: Mon, 27 Mar 2000 09:21:04 +0100
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Gave another station his first LF QSO on Saturday:-
Look out for GW4HXO on 136kHz. Mike is located near St. Davids in West
Wales. He was fairly weak (559) when I worked him, but was only running 10W
from a single FET into a 200ft dipole with the feeder strapped. I heard him
working other stations, including GI3PDN, so he was doing quite well for
his first session. Apparently he has a good site, close to the sea.

         Regards  John G4GVC



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Mon, 27 Mar 2000 04:45:38 -0500
From: "Holger 'Geri', DK8KW" <DK8KW@compuserve.com>
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Subject: Re: LF: QRSS
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
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Hey, guys,

is QRSS really computer generated? Wow, thats the reason all your signals
are keyed thah exactly! I allways sit here and key down (to make things
easier with my left foot) and slowly count to 15 when I send a dot! Same on
receive! I was never sure about the real advantage of Slow CW but I thought
some people can't give or receive faster than that so thats why I used it!

;-) 73

Geri, DK8KW (W1KW)
 

>
>At 19:55 23/03/00 +0000, you wrote:
>Is the computer generated qrss send/receive mode recognised for DXCC
>purposes, also where does xband qso's fit in. For those seeking glory
>there could be a disappointment.
>G3KEV
>

>Being very close to applying my 136kHz DXCC (only 82 more DXCC countries
>needed) I was also very worried about this. Although QRSS is CW and as far
>as I know nothing is said about the transmitting speed, nor about what
kind
>of 'filtering' is allowed, there might be an 'apparatsik' at the DXCC
board
>who could object my application.
>I almost got very depressed by this thought but then I reminded that I
>started with LF to do something completely new : to learn something about
>new techniques and proagation, far away from the '599 73' QSOs you can
>easily have on HF (and with some luck get your DXCC within a week).
>So after all I think I can live with the knowledge that I will probably
>never get my 136kHz DXCC.<

>73, Rik  ON7YD


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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References: <3.0.1.16.20000327095603.2d4f2c2e@mail.cc.kuleuven.ac.be>
Subject: Re: LF: QRSS
Date: Mon, 27 Mar 2000 23:12:01 +1200
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ON7YD expounded,
***there might be an 'apparatsik' at the DXCC board***

Hi Rik and others,
Any chance of a free translation of that delightful sounding word
'apparatsik'?
 My best guess would be 'glory seeking ex HF bands appliance operator'??
But I may be wrong.
73
Dave, ZL3FJ



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Mike Dennison" <mike.dennison@rsgb.org.uk>
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Subject: Re: LF: QRSS
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Geri, DK8KW wrote (with a smile):
> is QRSS really computer generated? Wow, thats the reason all your signals
> are keyed thah exactly! I allways sit here and key down (to make things
> easier with my left foot) and slowly count to 15 when I send a dot! Same
> on receive! I was never sure about the real advantage of Slow CW but I
> thought some people can't give or receive faster than that so thats why I
> used it!


BUT, I remember when Peter Bobeck first used QRSS with DA0LF. 
He was heard by several UK stations before we had the band here. 
He used 10s dot length, and the early version of Spectrogram 
would fill the screen every 8 seconds or so. I well remember using 
a stop watch to time each element and then write it down as dots 
and dashes in order to read it!! I also know of at least one LFer who 
has sent QRSS manually.

My QRSS is sent using a memory keyer with many megohms 
switched in series with the timing capacitor - is that computer 
generated?

Also of interest is that I can now read (audible) QRSS by ear if I 
concentrate. It took about a year to get used to doing it but it's now 
easy. There is very little practical advantage in this of course 
(perhaps a dB over conventional speeds, and rather more in high 
QRN) but it is interesting that the brain can be trained to do it.



Mike, G3XDV (IO91VT)
http://www.dennison.demon.co.uk/activity.htm



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Petr Maly" <p.maly@gmc.net>
To: "136 group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: Weekend report
Date: Mon, 27 Mar 2000 13:50:53 +0200
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Hello LFers

All the stations I worked you can find on:
www.mujweb.cz/www/ok1fig/log_lf.txt
and I recorded some new sounds, see:
www.mujweb.cz/www/ok1fig/lfsounds.htm

This time worked for the first time I and HB9 on normal CW.

73, Petr, OK1FIG



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Mon, 27 Mar 2000 13:59:24
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: "Rik Strobbe" <rik.strobbe@fys.kuleuven.ac.be>
Subject: Re: LF: QRSS
In-reply-to: <00de01bf97dd$48264f20$6b884fd1@tractorb>
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At 23:12 27/03/00 +1200, you wrote:
>Any chance of a free translation of that delightful sounding word
>'apparatsik'?

I wasn't aware that the word is not known in English. It has Russian origin
(as far as I know) and was used for high ranked party member taking
decisions without being influenced by any practical knowlegde about the
things they were deciding about.

73, Rik  ON7YD



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Subject: LF: DX Cluster spots from DB0MBX via Wolf DL1SAN
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Wolf went /P this weekend but all he could hear was a local farmer's
ventilator fan-motor on a nearby pig unit, so DB0MBX is missing his usual
comprehensive log.
   137.0  OK1FIG      26-Mar-2000 0918Z  cq
<dl5xu-2>
   136.8  I5TGC       25-Mar-2000 2126Z  569<>569
<s57a-4>
   136.8  OK1FIG      25-Mar-2000 1957Z  569 in jn65
<s57a-4>
   137.0  OK1FIG      25-Mar-2000 1318Z
<dl3fdo>
   137.0  OK1FIG      25-Mar-2000 0937Z  cq cq
<dl3fdo>
   136.9  OK1FIG      25-Mar-2000 0653Z  CQ 599
<om2tw-2>
   136.8  OK1FIG      24-Mar-2000 2122Z  569 400w ant marconi
<s57a-4>
   136.9  OK1FIG      24-Mar-2000 2106Z  569 qso dk1
<s57a-4>
   136.9  OK1FIG      24-Mar-2000 2053Z  CQ 579
<om2tw-2>
   137.6  OK1FIG      24-Mar-2000 2029Z  549
<s57a-4>
   137.7  I5TGC       24-Mar-2000 2029Z  569
<s57a-4>
   137.6  OK1FIG      24-Mar-2000 2015Z  Visual-CW
<om2tw-2>
   137.0  OK1FIG      24-Mar-2000 1939Z  539
<s57a-4>
   137.0  OK1FIG      24-Mar-2000 1926Z  CQ vy slow CW...569
<s59a-1>
   137.0  OK1FIG      24-Mar-2000 1917Z  CQ 579 on R5 vertical...
<om2tw-2>
   137.0  OK1FIG      24-Mar-2000 1915Z  cq cq
<dl3fdo>
   135.0  TE1ST       21-Mar-2000 2047Z  filtertest
<dk4wd-2>
   137.7  I5TGC       21-Mar-2000 2033Z  569 slow cw
<s57a-4>
   136.5  DJ9IE       20-Mar-2000 1632Z  439 cq
<dl1san>


73 de Alan G3NYK
Alan.Melia@btinternet.com




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Alan Melia" <Alan.Melia@btinternet.com>
To: "rsgb_lf_group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: Cluster spots (lack of) GB7DXM for 25/26th Mar
Date: Mon, 27 Mar 2000 12:16:15 +0100
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Hi all I am afraid I have had trouble accessing my local cluster again. When
I did get the list for 136kHz it only contained 3 spots for Petr OK1FIG
which are contained in the list from Wolf posted previously

My own log of  QRS signals as follows.
Sat. 25th March
0515z  OK1FIG 137.695kHz CQ This was a very weak signal from Petr, with the
elements broken up by crashes of noise. It would rate an 'M' report  I was
not sure at the time of the call.
0531  Weak reply (?) I think to Petr's CQ about 5Hz higher in frequency
0536  Another weak signal on 137.730kHz
0540  OK1FIG  CQ now much stronger and fully 'O' which he seemed to retain
for the rest of the day, CQs logged at 0545,0558,0730 (on 137.720)
0818  "BM......"    "? K X"  ...someone calling Jim for cross-band ??
0828  "G3LDO DK8....."washed out by nearby call from ON4ZK. Not Gaspard's
fault just one of the failings of Mike Cook's FFTDSP4 now on this mode. With
so much activity it is not selective enough. Traces would be ok on
Spectrogram.
0859   "R R DK8KW SK" so Geri made the the QSO with Peter.
0903   G3AQC  CQ DFCW
0910   "ND M U  ZPV UR O O O TU SK"  I have pored over this trace to work
out who Valerio was working, I wondered whether I had missed a dot in the
noise and it was a cross-band with Jim. I was quite interested as this is
the first trace I have seen from Valerio.
0950 DF6NM  "CQ X " fully 'O' here
1015 DJ5AO calling IK5ZPV
1228 DF6ZR calling OK1FIG    "?" from Petr then an 'O' report
This mornings logging goes again to show that FFTDSP4 is some dBs short of
the performance of Spectrogram on weak signals. It is also less robust in
its response to noise bursts.(at least with the setting I am using)

Sunday 26th Mar.
0532  OK1FIG  CQ  'O' here also at 0545,0600,0613z
0627  OK1FIG  CQ now much stronger . Also 0637,0646
0706  ON4ZK  CQ
0835  G3XDV  CQ
1127  "...YA  AO Z GM  O  O  O K" probably DJ5AO (??)
Several DFCW signals were seen also later in the day.

It was interesting to note how Petr OK1FIG started with a relatively weak
signal at around 0500z both days and how the stringth inceased over the next
hour or two. He was very consistant all weekend. Readable at 'O' all day on
spectrogram.

73 de Alan G3NYK  JO02PB
Alan.Melia@btinternet.com




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Thanks Vaino for your weekly reports. I am sure these are appreciated by
all as an indication of their signal at your qth.
I notice that my signal measurements are very consistant with you. The
installation here has not been altered for a long time, same antenna,
and same tx. It works very well and needs  very little maintainence. I
notice very little daily variation or fluctuations in my antenna and
ground radial system, regardless of the wx. It appears very stable. The
antenna consists of 3 x inv L systems,
each L is 32 metres vertical and each one an 80 metre horiz top section.
All insulators are polysterene marine grade. Base loaded inductor to
resonate the antenna approx 1 Mh and a small inductor in series at the
coax end to match the system to 50 ohms to the TX/RX. The antenna and
matching network(directly underneath) are located about 50 metres from
the shack. The feed to the shack is 50 ohms coax.
QTH is on top of clay, on the North side of  the town of Scarborough
with a river 100 metres from my North boundary and the sea about 3
k/metres East.
G3KEV






From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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    The weekend was reasonably busy, apart from a lot of G stations
heard, worked HB9DCE,
OK1FIG, Friday and Saturday, Petr was calling cq a lot of the time with
no replies.
SM6PXJ was a loud signal daytime Saturday. Some DL and ON acty and heard
GW4HXO testing.
Band condx good with some qrn/rain static of Sunday. Heard G3YXM testing
his new tx - good signal, with the odd flash in the sky, possibly
another insulator gone!!!!!
de G3KEV







From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "James Moritz" <j.r.moritz@herts.ac.uk>
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Dear LF Group,

	Friday night was a busy one on 73kHz, had normal CW QSO's 
with G3LDO, G0MRF and slow CW to G3GRO, a new station for 
me on the band. Also heard G3XDV working G3LDO with normal 
CW, and saw good QRSS signals from G4GVC. 

Didn't hear anything from the Crawley club - I assume this didn't 
come off, since G3GRO was using his own call.

On Saturday morning I had an eventful QRSS cross-band QSO 
with IK5ZPV - Valerio could read my signals from about 0700, but I 
could not copy his until about 0745. Then, as is something of a 
hazard with cross-band operation, another station came up on 
almost exactly the same frequency as 'ZPV, making copy very 
difficult. So I asked Valerio to QSY 10Hz, which he did, and by the 
end of the QSO around 0915 we were giving each other 'O' reports 
- which goes to show that it is possible to communicate useful 
amounts of information with QRSS, even if it is a bit slow!

While working IK5ZPV and afterwards, also saw DFCW from 
DF6NM again (M), and QRSS from OK1FIG (O), for the first time. 
In general, conditions on 137.7 improved later in the morning, with 
less noise and stronger signals.

Also did some work on my field strength measurement project, and 
I have now breadboarded a ferrite rod antenna and preamp, with 
which I was able to copy PA0SE and DJ9IE on the selective 
voltmeter on Sunday afternoon, so sensitivity should be OK.

Cheers, Jim Moritz
73 de M0BMU




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Walter Blanchard" <blanch@pncl.co.uk>
Subject: LF: Decca Tx
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The UK Decca Navigator transmitters shut down for public use this weekend.
Most sites have already been sold for other purposes but a few will remain in
working order for a few months.
I might be able to get permission for an interested group to operate using
one of these sites for a limited period during May/June/July.
The likeliest one has a 300 ft mast; an extensive ground plane and an ATU
coil that could probably be tuned to 136 kHz. Radiation efficiency at 127 
kHz is
a measured 12% so 8 watts in would provide our legal erp limit.
It could also be tuned to go on 72 kHz  - it already transmits at 71 kHz.
Only a group willing to take on legal responsibility for damage;
pay the electricity bill, etc would be authorised.
There would be a fair bit of effort needed to retune everything - no
engineering support is offered.
The excuse might be it's a commemorative station organised to mark the
passing of the Decca Navigator system. Special callsign perhaps.
Anyone interested? Serious applications only PLEASE.
Walter G3JKV.


  


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Dear LF Group,

I would like to put my name forward as available for collaborative 
efforts to activate Decca sites, as suggested by G3JKV. Where 
would the likely QTH be?

Cheers, Jim Moritz
73 de M0BMU


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Good for you Rik!

John, G4CNN





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"Holger 'Geri', DK8KW" wrote:

> Hey, guys,
>
> is QRSS really computer generated? Wow, thats the reason all your signals
> are keyed thah exactly! I allways sit here and key down (to make things
> easier with my left foot) and slowly count to 15 when I send a dot! Same on
> receive! I was never sure about the real advantage of Slow CW but I thought
> some people can't give or receive faster than that so thats why I used it!

You are probably right, it sounds more like a NOVICE BAND maybe some morse
lessons would be useful. It lacks the professional 160 metres touch.
LMCW(lazy mans cw) or qrss if you like is generated normally by a computer or
an auto keyer.
and received by a computer - the operator does not even have to have a
knowledge of real or normal cw. Some operators including myself can read it
aurally, and I do have a pentium computer
 with suitable software installed capable of sending and receiving it.
I actually have been asked at times if 136 khz is a novice band!!!!!! listening
to the speed of  hand sent morse on the band would suggest this to be the case.
There is no reason why it should be any different from 160 metres, and in fact
the signals on 136 khz are better during the day than 160 metres for the same
given distance. Things might improve soon when NOVICES get the 136 khz band.
G3KEV

>
> ;-) 73
>
> Geri, DK8KW (W1KW)
>
>
> >
> >At 19:55 23/03/00 +0000, you wrote:
> >Is the computer generated qrss send/receive mode recognised for DXCC
> >purposes, also where does xband qso's fit in. For those seeking glory
> >there could be a disappointment.
> >G3KEV
> >
>
> >Being very close to applying my 136kHz DXCC (only 82 more DXCC countries
> >needed) I was also very worried about this. Although QRSS is CW and as far
> >as I know nothing is said about the transmitting speed, nor about what
> kind
> >of 'filtering' is allowed, there might be an 'apparatsik' at the DXCC
> board
> >who could object my application.
> >I almost got very depressed by this thought but then I reminded that I
> >started with LF to do something completely new : to learn something about
> >new techniques and proagation, far away from the '599 73' QSOs you can
> >easily have on HF (and with some luck get your DXCC within a week).
> >So after all I think I can live with the knowledge that I will probably
> >never get my 136kHz DXCC.<
>
> >73, Rik  ON7YD




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Dave" <dave@picks.force9.co.uk>
To: "LF Group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: 73 clear!
Date: Mon, 27 Mar 2000 20:16:02 +0100
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Dear all.

The Rugby transmitter is not operating on 73.3kHz tonight. 73k is nice and
quiet! CU there?

Dave G3YXM.



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Over here, those of us with memories of the Fifties and Sixties might recall 
seeing it spelled "apparatchik" sometimes, so the term definitely rang a bell 
for me.  I like your definition, Rik--much more descriptive than the stuffy 
"party functionary" given in my dictionary!

73,
John

In a message dated 3/27/00 7:06:51 AM Eastern Standard Time, 
rik.strobbe@fys.kuleuven.ac.be writes:

<< I wasn't aware that the word is not known in English. It has Russian origin
 (as far as I know) and was used for high ranked party member taking
 decisions without being influenced by any practical knowledge about the
 things they were deciding about. >>


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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  from  Walter Blanchard

> The UK Decca Navigator transmitters shut down for public use this weekend.
> Most sites have already been sold for other purposes but a few will remain in
> working order for a few months.
> I might be able to get permission for an interested group to operate using
> one of these sites for a limited period during May/June/July.

> The excuse might be it's a commemorative station organised to mark the
> passing of the Decca Navigator system. Special callsign perhaps.

It could also be used to mark the passing of the 73kHz NOV 
allocation, which ends at the end of June.

I would be interesting to see what 1w erp would be like at 72kHz


-- 
Regards, Peter, G3LDO

<g3ldo@zetnet.co.uk>







From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Larry Kayser" <kayser@sympatico.ca>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: LF: Majordomo actions, help please
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Greetings All:

I have been trying since late last week to Majordomo@blacksheep.org to make
a deletion for me - still no action taken as of this time early Tuesday
morning, utc.

If anyone can get some activity out of the admin side, please ask them to
look at their email requests.

Thanks

Larry
VA3LK





From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Larry Kayser" <kayser@sympatico.ca>
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Walter:
>I might be able to get permission for an interested group to operate using
>one of these sites for a limited period during May/June/July.


If you could hold onto one or more of them until late November just maybe
there will be some major attempts at the North Atlantic from this side about
then...

Please do not mention on the Internet, but a site like that on the east side
of the country would be a big help.

Larry
VA3LK





From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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John G4GVC wrote:

> Gave another station his first LF QSO on Saturday:-
> Look out for GW4HXO on 136kHz. Mike is located near St. Davids in West
> Wales. 

Congratulations on providing another 'first', John.  When I spoke to
Mike GW4HXO on the 'phone about 3 weeks ago, he said that he was getting
close to making his first LF QSO . . . .  and I thought of you
immediately!  

Another GW station getting QRV is Stu GW3XYW (near Swansea) who has
operated in the past using a good-sized loop, making CW QSOs on 136 kHz
into Europe with ease.  He also worked Finbar for the first EI/GW QSO. 
Stu has recently re-configured his antenna in the form of an inverted L
- about 210 ft long and 35 ft high.  TX power is about 400 W.  

I think that the good antennas in use at these stations should make it
possible for more LF operators to work their first GW on 136 kHz.

Regards to all,
Steve GW4ALG



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Tom Boucher" <tom@telemetry.demon.co.uk>
Subject: Re: LF: QRSS
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In message <38DF94D2.15A7E281@netscapeonline.co.uk>, g3kev
<g3kev@netscapeonline.co.uk> writes

>........... maybe some morse lessons would be useful. 


No, what would be much more useful for some would be lessons in good
manners on the air! For example, making sure that one does not call CQ
bang on top of a QSO in progress.

73, Tom G3OLB.


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "kate moore" <mek@leicester.ac.uk>
To: "lfgroup" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: First GI-G crossband
Date: Tue, 28 Mar 2000 08:37:21 +0100
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Worked GI3PDN crossband on normal speed CW at 19.30UT last night - me on
71.735kHz and Ray on 136.200kHz. My report was 229QSB, but my antenna was
blowing about all over the place in the squally rain showers and Ray's
receive system wasn't fully optimised for 73kHz, so the contact was fairly
lengthy. Nevertheless, as well as swapping reports, Ray received my power
info and confirmation that I would alert G3YXM to come up on frequency, so
we managed more than the minimum QSO exchange. Dave then also worked Ray
when we had signed.

         John G4GVC



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "kate moore" <mek@leicester.ac.uk>
To: "lfgroup" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: Re: Decca TX
Date: Tue, 28 Mar 2000 08:37:20 +0100
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Walter et al

I would be certainly interested to be part of a group activating an
ex-Decca site if there are enough of us to make it worthwhile. Obviously
it would need careful planning and co-ordination, but it sounds like
a good thing to do before the sites are lost for ever.

         John G4GVC 



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Subject: LF: LA QRV tonight
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Hi folks.
Finally everything is up and running, and we'll try to be active
on 136kHz tonight.

Callsign:  LA1K
QTH:       Trondheim / JP53EK
Antenna:   Inverted-L (of sorts) 10-13 meter vertical, 150m horiz.
Power:     100W output (legal limit :-)
Mode:      A1A (normal + slow)
Frequency: have a spur on 137.00, so we'll be a bit up or down

We'll probably get on at about 1900 UTC...

--Magne / la1bfa


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
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Rik Strobbe wrote:

> At 19:55 23/03/00 +0000, you wrote:
> >Is the computer generated qrss send/receive mode recognised for DXCC
> >purposes, also where does xband qso's fit in. For those seeking glory
> >there could be a disappointment.
> >G3KEV
> >
>
> Being very close to applying my 136kHz DXCC (only 82 more DXCC countries
> needed) I was also very worried about this. Although QRSS is CW and as far
> as I know nothing is said about the transmitting speed, nor about what kind
> of 'filtering' is allowed, there might be an 'apparatsik' at the DXCC board
> who could object my application.
> I almost got very depressed by this thought but then I reminded that I
> started with LF to do something completely new : to learn something about
> new techniques and proagation

New technology !!!!!!!!!! Your grandad was listening to Long Wave Radio before
you were born
and was probably using a vertical antenna, perhaps an inv L, which  was popular
at that time and up higher than the average LF operator today. A vertical
antenna takes up less than 1 metre square
of space and could have unlimited height. This approach would solve all the
problems for those struggling to make a qso around Europe. No need for complex
mathematical solutions.
LF techniques including propogation were all perfected long before we were all
born.
The only experiment taking place at present by some amateurs is trying to
propogate a LF signal with a bamboo pole and some wet string !!!!!!!  Good Luck

G3KEV



> , far away from the '599 73' QSOs you can
> easily have on HF (and with some luck get your DXCC within a week).
> So after all I think I can live with the knowledge that I will probably
> never get my 136kHz DXCC.
>
> 73, Rik  ON7YD




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Walter Blanchard wrote:

> The UK Decca Navigator transmitters shut down for public use this weekend.
> Most sites have already been sold for other purposes but a few will remain in
> working order for a few months.
> I might be able to get permission for an interested group to operate using
> one of these sites for a limited period during May/June/July.
> The likeliest one has a 300 ft mast; an extensive ground plane and an ATU
> coil that could probably be tuned to 136 kHz. Radiation efficiency at 127
> kHz is
> a measured 12% so 8 watts in would provide our legal erp limit.
> It could also be tuned to go on 72 kHz  - it already transmits at 71 kHz.
> Only a group willing to take on legal responsibility for damage;
> pay the electricity bill, etc would be authorised.
> There would be a fair bit of effort needed to retune everything - no
> engineering support is offered.
> The excuse might be it's a commemorative station organised to mark the
> passing of the Decca Navigator system. Special callsign perhaps.
> Anyone interested? Serious applications only PLEASE.
> Walter G3JKV.
> Have a go Walter and I hope you can get a team together. Besides good RF
> engineers to retune and manipulate the transmitters you will need some ACE
> operators, they seem scarce on LF.

De G3KEV







From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "M.J.Powell" <mike@pickmere.demon.co.uk>
Subject: Re: LF: QRSS
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snip

> A vertical
>antenna takes up less than 1 metre square
>of space and could have unlimited height. 

I live under Ringway flight path!

Mike
-- 
M.J.Powell


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Tue, 28 Mar 2000 11:45:26 -0500
From: "'Geri' Kinzel, DK8KW" <DK8KW@compuserve.com>
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>LF techniques including propogation were all perfected long before we were
all
>born.
>The only experiment taking place at present by some amateurs is trying to
>propogate a LF signal with a bamboo pole and some wet string !!!!!!!  Good
Luck
>
>G3KEV

Yes, Mal, but I don't like to simply repeat what was done in
Koenigswusterhausen or Nauen some 98 years but go down to the limit. I was
also the crazy guy that took a two-watt 14 MHz battery powered transceiver
to Perth/Australia, erected a three-feet long antenna (yes, a vertical!)
and worked my Dad back home in Germany. Sure, I could have called him by
phone, but why should I do something easy if I can do it under more
challenging conditions ... ;-) 

Geri, DK8KW (W1KW)

P.S.: The legal height for a fixed antenna structure in Lower
Saxony/Germany, btw, is 10m ... 






From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Tom Boucher wrote:

> In message <38DF94D2.15A7E281@netscapeonline.co.uk>, g3kev
> <g3kev@netscapeonline.co.uk> writes
>
> >........... maybe some morse lessons would be useful.
>
> No, what would be much more useful for some would be lessons in good
> manners on the air! For example, making sure that one does not call CQ
> bang on top of a QSO in progress.

With only 2 khz of b/width on 136 khz, good narrow rx filters are
necessary to enable everyone to squeeze in. No one deliberately calls CQ
on top of anyone else, but with a wide rx it might appear that way.
Another problem is split frequency working. When one station is not
transmitting the frequency would appear clear. QRL imi in this case does
not work.
My RX consists of cascaded 250 hz IF filters followed by a DSP unit with
an adjustable BW down to 20 hz. Stations that start to CQ or engange in a
qso near by cause me no problems. MM0ALM who is S9 plus 40 db gives me no
trouble receiving only a few hz away from his frequency.
Suggest you try the hf bands on cw to get some real experience of adjacent
channel qrm and especially in contests, then come back to 136 khz and you
will find it a doddle by comparison.
A good modern RX might overcome your problem ie FT1000MP, with 250 hz
filters or there could be others.
Hope the above information helps enlighten you about your problem.
G3KEV


>
>
> 73, Tom G3OLB.




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Tue, 28 Mar 2000 13:44:11 -0500
From: "DEREK ATTER" <DATTER@compuserve.com>
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Hello LFers,

Plenty of activity on 73Khz on Friday evening (24th March) withe at least 4
stations visible on Spectran at the same time.
Lech, G3KAU and I loaded up the Crawley Club antenna on 73 for the first
time for some months using my call G3GRO, rather than the Club call G3WSC .
Worked Dave G0MRF on ordinary CW with RST589 reports both ways. Also had
our first QRSS QSO with Jim M0BMU with very good signals both ways. - Sorry
if the timing was a bit ragged at one point Jim but Lech keyed in our first
reply into the keyer but at first it wouldn't download so I had to carry on
using a hand key and stopwatch for a bit until the keyer fired up at the
next attempt !!  - Thanks for the QSO.  Also "saw" G3LDO and G3XDV at good
strength.
    On 136Khz at 1920 UTC  heard Petr OK1FIG at a vy good 459/559 with some
Loran QRM. Called him and got a QRZ? but no QSO resulted. 

We were running 200W RF to the 360ft inverted L at about 65ft.


                73,  de Derek G3GRO


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From: "LAWRENCE MAYHEAD" <LAURIE@g3aqc.freeserve.co.uk>
To: "rsgb lf group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: Re. DECCA Tx
Date: Tue, 28 Mar 2000 20:32:17 +0100
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<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>The possibility of transmitting from an ex Decca 
site is very intresting I would like to put foreward a suggestion for an 
experiment.Theory has it that the radiation pattern for a much shortened 
vertical is not dependant on height!&nbsp; Some on this reflector disagree.Would 
it be possible to radiate say 1w erp from the 300 foot antenna and&nbsp; the 
same power from a co-sited very short vert similar to those being used by many 
people, if they used the same ground system all the better.Then by transmitting 
alternately from each station we could gather signal reports from many recieving 
stations both near and far,for various times of the day.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>Perhaps then we could settle this argument once 
and for all.. 73s Laurie.</FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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"M.J.Powell" wrote:

> snip
>
> > A vertical
> >antenna takes up less than 1 metre square
> >of space and could have unlimited height.
>
> I live under Ringway flight path!

MOVE if you are interested in LF


>
>
> Mike
> --
> M.J.Powell





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Laurie,
I think you will find that you need to remove the 300 footer before trying
the low height antenna- otherwise mutual coupling effects will surely stuff
things up.
 And at 300 feet you will be getting out of 'very short vertical' territory
anyway, even on 136.

73
Dave, ZL3FJ

----- Original Message -----
From: LAWRENCE MAYHEAD
To: rsgb lf group
Sent: Wednesday, March 29, 2000 7:32 AM
Subject: LF: Re. DECCA Tx


The possibility of transmitting from an ex Decca site is very intresting I
would like to put foreward a suggestion for an experiment.Theory has it that
the radiation pattern for a much shortened vertical is not dependant on
height!  Some on this reflector disagree.Would it be possible to radiate say
1w erp from the 300 foot antenna and  the same power from a co-sited very
short vert similar to those being used by many people, if they used the same
ground system all the better.Then by transmitting alternately from each
station we could gather signal reports from many recieving stations both
near and far,for various times of the day.
Perhaps then we could settle this argument once and for all.. 73s Laurie.



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Steve Olney" <ollaneg@zeta.org.au>
To: "RSGB LF Group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: Fast CW and big antennas...
Date: Wed, 29 Mar 2000 08:00:34 +1000
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G'day All,

All this talk about tall antennas and how good a 'fist' this or that person
is concerns me.  I feel it might give the wrong impression to the
uninitiated to the world of LF Amateur Radio.

In particular the constant pre-occupation of some proponents on this
reflector to the the size of their on-site erections and their ability to
move their hand fastest in a rhythmic fashion could lead to a picture which
is very disturbing and unsavoury.

Maybe it is a cultural thing, but even us rough Aussies confine this kind of
discussion to the locker rooms or the local pub.

So please - less talk about how big the components are and less about motor
skills and more about experimentation so I can allow my young children to
read my emails over my shoulder.

Regards Steve
VK2ZTO

P.S.  I think I might get a T-shirt printed and send it to some on this
reflector -
e.g.   "QRSSers do it longer" or something similarly appropriate to their
pre-occupation.



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: Re: LF: Re. DECCA Tx
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<!doctype html public "-//w3c//dtd html 4.0 transitional//en">
<html>
<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
It would be very important to ensure that there was no coupling between
the
<br>two antennas. None the less a relative measurement between the two
types
<br>of antenna, even at different sites would be very interesting.
<p>Stewart G3YSX
<p>LAWRENCE MAYHEAD wrote:
<blockquote TYPE=CITE>&nbsp;<font color="#000000"><font size=-1>The possibility
of transmitting from an ex Decca site is very intresting I would like to
put foreward a suggestion for an experiment.Theory has it that the radiation
pattern for a much shortened vertical is not dependant on height!&nbsp;
Some on this reflector disagree.Would it be possible to radiate say 1w
erp from the 300 foot antenna and&nbsp; the same power from a co-sited
very short vert similar to those being used by many people, if they used
the same ground system all the better.Then by transmitting alternately
from each station we could gather signal reports from many recieving stations
both near and far,for various times of the day.</font></font><font color="#000000"><font size=-1>Perhaps
then we could settle this argument once and for all.. 73s Laurie.</font></font></blockquote>

</body>
</html>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "ComPact" <Melv@xtra.co.nz>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: LF: Re: Fast CW and big antennas...
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Yes, well put Steve. It's such a pity to spoil a wonderful reflector with
so much malcontent.

We had an interesting LF test round last Thursday night with most signals
in the South Island enhanced by around 12dB. This coincided with reports of
aurora although there was no sign of flutter on 80 metres at the same time.

Mike ZL4OL


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Steve Olney VK2ZTO wrote:

> [...]
>
> So please - less talk about how big the components are and less about motor
> skills and more about experimentation

hear hear
Andre' N4ICK



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Mike Dennison" <mike.dennison@rsgb.org.uk>
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Subject: Re: LF: Re: Fast CW and big antennas...
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> We had an interesting LF test round last Thursday night with most signals
> in the South Island enhanced by around 12dB. This coincided with reports
> of aurora although there was no sign of flutter on 80 metres at the same
> time.

There was an X-class flare (biggest) on the 21st (Tuesday) and at 
1848UTC on the 23rd (Thursday).



Mike, G3XDV (IO91VT)
http://www.dennison.demon.co.uk/activity.htm



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "James Moritz" <j.r.moritz@herts.ac.uk>
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Subject: LF: 73kHz/Decca Sites
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Dear LF Group,

	The Rugby TX is still off the air (or was at about 0730utc), as it 
has been for the last couple of days. Worked G3XTZ, G3LDO, and 
G3XDV last night, all 'armchair copy' signals. If anybody would like 
a 73kHz or cross-band sked, please let me know - hopefully we  will 
be able to take advantage of this window of opportunity.

Also listened from time to time on 136kHz - but did not hear LA1K. 
However, I dozed off some time around 2100, so might have 
missed him!

OK about the Idea of experiments to compare big and small 
antennas at a Decca site - this looks like an interesting idea, but 
perhaps 1W ERP is being a bit hopeful from the small antenna; it 
would probably be neccessary to settle for lower power from both 
antennas for the duration of the experiment. I did some EZNEC 
simulations a while ago, to follow up a suggestion by G3XDV that 
the towers at Brookmans Park MF broadcast site might be acting 
as parasitic radiators, enhancing the M0BMU signal. The result 
was essentially that, with a spacing of some hundreds of metres, 
the effect was neglegible, provided the big antenna was not 
resonated at 136kHz. This could be achieved by grounding one 
antenna whilst using the other, or similar.

A 300ft tower is still only lambda/24 at 136kHz, so should in theory 
give the same vertical radiation pattern as an 'infinitesimal' vertical, 
to all practical intents and purposes.

Hope to hear more about Decca sites soon,

Cheers, Jim Moritz
73 de M0BMU


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Dave Brown wrote:

> Laurie,
> I think you will find that you need to remove the 300 footer before trying
> the low height antenna- otherwise mutual coupling effects will surely stuff
> things up.
>  And at 300 feet you will be getting out of 'very short vertical' territory
> anyway, even on 136.

At this frequency with both antennas resonant on 136 khz on the same site, the
induced rf from the small vertical into the larger one would distort any
meaningful tests. The antennas would need to be sited several kilometres apart,
when co located one would need to be dismantled while the other one is tested.
I have already tested this by starting off with a 60 ft vertical and progressing
to 120 ft and it certainly made a big difference for the same given rf power
output. Signal reports all over europe confirm this.
G3KEV



>
>
> 73
> Dave, ZL3FJ
>
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: LAWRENCE MAYHEAD
> To: rsgb lf group
> Sent: Wednesday, March 29, 2000 7:32 AM
> Subject: LF: Re. DECCA Tx
>
> The possibility of transmitting from an ex Decca site is very intresting I
> would like to put foreward a suggestion for an experiment.Theory has it that
> the radiation pattern for a much shortened vertical is not dependant on
> height!  Some on this reflector disagree.Would it be possible to radiate say
> 1w erp from the 300 foot antenna and  the same power from a co-sited very
> short vert similar to those being used by many people, if they used the same
> ground system all the better.Then by transmitting alternately from each
> station we could gather signal reports from many recieving stations both
> near and far,for various times of the day.
> Perhaps then we could settle this argument once and for all.. 73s Laurie.





From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Toni Baertschi" <tonib@phonakcom.ch>
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Subject: Re: LF: Re: Re. DECCA Tx
References: <000201bf98ec$a45b1680$0da4883e@lvm> <01c501bf98ff$0c451680$6b884fd1@tractorb> <38E1D278.C14B4291@netscapeonline.co.uk>
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A sort of passive amplifier: The low radiated power of the small antenna is captured
by the big antenna, maybe 100m away, mysticly amplified and then radiated again -
giving a much stronger signal? How does this work?

73 de Toni, HB2ASB

g3kev wrote:

> Dave Brown wrote:
>
> > Laurie,
> > I think you will find that you need to remove the 300 footer before trying
> > the low height antenna- otherwise mutual coupling effects will surely stuff
> > things up.
> >  And at 300 feet you will be getting out of 'very short vertical' territory
> > anyway, even on 136.
>
> At this frequency with both antennas resonant on 136 khz on the same site, the
> induced rf from the small vertical into the larger one would distort any
> meaningful tests. The antennas would need to be sited several kilometres apart,
> when co located one would need to be dismantled while the other one is tested.
> I have already tested this by starting off with a 60 ft vertical and progressing
> to 120 ft and it certainly made a big difference for the same given rf power
> output. Signal reports all over europe confirm this.
> G3KEV
>
> >
> >
> > 73
> > Dave, ZL3FJ
> >
> > ----- Original Message -----
> > From: LAWRENCE MAYHEAD
> > To: rsgb lf group
> > Sent: Wednesday, March 29, 2000 7:32 AM
> > Subject: LF: Re. DECCA Tx
> >
> > The possibility of transmitting from an ex Decca site is very intresting I
> > would like to put foreward a suggestion for an experiment.Theory has it that
> > the radiation pattern for a much shortened vertical is not dependant on
> > height!  Some on this reflector disagree.Would it be possible to radiate say
> > 1w erp from the 300 foot antenna and  the same power from a co-sited very
> > short vert similar to those being used by many people, if they used the same
> > ground system all the better.Then by transmitting alternately from each
> > station we could gather signal reports from many recieving stations both
> > near and far,for various times of the day.
> > Perhaps then we could settle this argument once and for all.. 73s Laurie.



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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<?color><?param 0100,0100,0100>Dear LF Group,<br><br>G3KEV wrote:<br>&gt;<?/color>At this frequency with both antennas resonant on 136 khz on the  &gt;same site, the induced rf from the small vertical into the larger  &gt;one would distort any meaningful tests.<br><br>It certainly would, which is why I wrote that the Decca antenna  would have to be grounded or otherwise made non-resonant at  136kHz. If both antennas were resonant, the un-driven one would  act as a parasitic element, as in a yagi array. Under these  conditions, the small antenna might be viewed as a rather  inefficient antenna feed for the nearby big antenna. This would still  happen if the parasitic antenna was non-resonant, but the induced  currents in it would be greatly reduced, and the effect on radiation  pattern reduced greatly also.<br><br>&gt;The antennas would need to be sited several kilometres apart...<br> <br><br>The professional antenna people seem to have no great problem  with co-sited 'antenna
 farms', although they have to take care to  avoid inadvertant resonances in guy wires, etc. There are at least  4 MF verticals in use across the road from me, a few hundred  meters apart; the BBC seems to be quite happy with them like that!<br><br>Cheers, Jim Moritz<br>73 de M0BMU<?color><?param 0100,0100,0100><br><br>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Subject: Re: LF: Fast CW and big antennas...
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Andre' Kesteloot wrote:

> Steve Olney VK2ZTO wrote:
>
> > [...]
> >
> > So please - less talk about how big the components are and less about motor
> > skills and more about experimentation

Why then did you criticize the ROPEX so much in your report. Surely the person
who designed it,
and marketed it deserves some credit. No one else rushed in to help  Surprised
you did not rectify the problem by EXPERIMENTING and producing the perfect
rig!!!!!!!!!
I built my own rig and it works well, since you mention Experimenting surprised
you did not do the same.

>
>
> hear hear
> Andre' N4ICK




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Subject: LF: Amp metres
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g3kev wrote:
snip snip
> At this frequency with both antennas resonant on 136 khz on the same site, the
> induced rf from the small vertical into the larger one would distort any
> meaningful tests. The antennas would need to be sited several kilometres apart,
> when co located one would need to be dismantled while the other one is tested.
> I have already tested this by starting off with a 60 ft vertical and progressing
> to 120 ft and it certainly made a big difference for the same given rf power
> output. Signal reports all over europe confirm this.
> G3KEV

One fairly basic approach is that the far field is a function of antenna
"amp metres".  If the amps are the same, and the effective height is
increased, then there is an obvious gain.  It is far easier to arrive at
a given product of amps and metres in a tall antenna!  Changing from 60
to 120 feet, with the same pattern of current distribution, would give a
gain of 6 dB for the same applied current.  This is for one antenna in
the environment, with no mutual coupling to something large nearby.

An amateur regulatory constraint of 1 watt eirp limit starts to bite in
to the transmitter power budget for taller (more efficient) antenna
systems.

Bob ZL2CA




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "LAWRENCE MAYHEAD" <LAURIE@g3aqc.freeserve.co.uk>
To: "rsgb lf group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: LF. Decca ant. tests.
Date: Wed, 29 Mar 2000 20:19:48 +0100
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<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>Many thanks for all the comments on my 
suggestion especially James M0MBU for your support..I agree that it would be 
necessesary to have min coupling between the two ants, and I am sure that the 
big ant. could be de-tuned.Also it should be possible to separate them by a 
suitable distance,surely it doesnt have to be kilometers!I also agree that 1 
watt is too high but it doesnt matter so long as the are both the same.I still 
think that this test would be worthwhile, and an opportunity not to be missed.. 
73s Laurie.</FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Steve Olney" <ollaneg@zeta.org.au>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
References: <20000329011001.FSEU2589319.mta2-rme@locxvcym>
Subject: LF: Re: Re: Fast CW and big antennas...
Date: Thu, 30 Mar 2000 06:14:42 +1000
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G'day All,

Thanks to the many who replied directly to me re my comments.   I am
encouraged that there is a 'silent majority' out there who share the same
sentiments.

The wisest reply pointed out that along with the big antenna erection and
the fast CW motor skills was mention of the possession of the superior
filter for eliminating co-channel interference and improving S/N.
Blindingly obvious really.   I now have an interference filter on my email
inbox which uses a 5-letter search pattern and diverts identified emails to
the 'noise' folder while the rest are sorted into the various 'signal'
folders.    A kind of e-mail QRM filter.   Works well!!!

73s Steve Olney (VK2ZTO/AXSO - QF56IK : Lat -33 34 07, Long +150 44 40)
=============================================
HomePage URLs:
http://www.qsl.net/vk2zto
http://www.zeta.org.au/~ollaneg

Containing:-
Laser Comms DX
LF Experimentation
Amateur Radio Astronomy
=============================================



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Subject: Re: LF: Re: Fast CW and big antennas...
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Mike G3XDV wrote

>There was an X-class flare (biggest) on the 21st (Tuesday) and at 
>1848UTC on the 23rd (Thursday).


Thanks for the flare info Mike. The tests were Thursday evening here so
preceded the second flare but could be longer term effects of the first one
and the other smaller flares that week. Signals over the short paths (100
to 300km) were reported as the strongest ever heard. We'll see what tonight
brings. It's never boring on these bands!

Mike ZL4OL




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Dave Brown" <tractorb@ihug.co.nz>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
References: <17200.200003291443@gemini>
Subject: LF: Re: Decca antenna tests
Date: Thu, 30 Mar 2000 08:40:06 +1200
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<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE 
style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px">
  <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">Laurie</DIV>
  <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">I think the critical factor in this discussion 
  is the proposal to make a 'valid' comparison between the existing and 
  additional short mast. To do this, in practice you will have to be using the 
  same ground plane, (I think you already suggested this) and this I believe 
  will prevent you from being sufficiently far away from the 300 footer 
  (regardless of its electrical condition, grounded, resonant or otherwise) to 
  prevent pattern distortion from mutual coupling effects.</DIV>
  <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">&nbsp;Commercial antenna farms do have these 
  problems but as we all know, any antenna system is always a compromise.None 
  are perfect.</DIV>
  <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">&nbsp;</DIV>
  <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">&nbsp;I think an experiment along the lines of 
  what you suggest is an excellent idea for&nbsp; just seeing what the results 
  are, but I think any suggestion of a 'valid' comparison would need to be 
  modified in accordance with prevailing experimental conditions.
  <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">Using other peoples&nbsp;antennas is always a 
  lot of fun anyway- just my luck that all those I have used so far have been 
  bowled over a few weeks after the event! I have to say that watching a 300 
  footer being dropped is quite an experience- they always seem a lot bigger 
  when thay are spread out along the ground!<BR>&nbsp;In summary, go for 
  it!</DIV>
  <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">73</DIV></DIV>
  <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">Dave, ZL3FJ</DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></BODY></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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>From Steve

> Thanks to the many who replied directly to me re my comments.   I am
> encouraged that there is a 'silent majority' out there who share the same
> sentiments.

You would be suprised on just how many! Thanks for the light relief.

Older LF Receivers.
While at Amberley museum, a few weeks ago, I came across a Marconi 
receiver, the CR200. It covers from about 15 to 500kHz in 4 bands so 
I asked if I could borrow it to see how it shaped up to modern receivers. 
The main difference between it and other receivers, apart from being 
an LF receiver, is that it appears to be a TRF receiver, not a 
superhet (no IF stages or cans). 
It worked first time in spite of probably not having been switched on 
for umpteen years. It is very sensitive with a wide range RF gain 
control and a preset! LF gain control. I could hear the stronger 
stations on 136kHz without any trouble.
While in QSO with M0BMU on 73kHz a couple of nights ago (Jim's signal 
was 559) I asked if he would stand by while I tested this receiver 
with his signal. When I switched from the TS850 to the CR200 I lost 
him competely - the problem was from the Decca signals down the band. 
So it would seem that the skirt selectivity of the filter was nowhere 
near as good as the TS850. 
Perhaps the CR200 was not designed for communications as such; it has 
a multi-way socket on the front panel labelled 'DF'.
I will be returning the CR200 back to the museum on Friday and hope 
that my hernia is better by the time I go on vacation. 



-- 
Regards, Peter, G3LDO

<g3ldo@zetnet.co.uk>







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To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: "Bob Eldridge" <ve7bs@rac.ca>
Subject: Re: LF: Amp metres
Message-ID: <E12aXkP-0005RG-00@rabacal.direct.ca>
Date: Wed, 29 Mar 2000 21:44:02 -0800
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>An amateur regulatory constraint of 1 watt eirp limit starts to bite in
>to the transmitter power budget for taller (more efficient) antenna
>systems.
>
Bites in even more with a smaller antenna surely!

Didn't Dud Charman's indoor antenna circus demonstrate the truth of the
axiom that a small antenna has the same radiation pattern as a very small
antenna?
Maybe a decommissioned Decca site could be better used to demonstrate the
efficacy of passive reradiation from an adjacent tower.

Bob VE7BS (ex-G3AGQ)



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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To: "rsgb" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: TX CONSTRUCTION
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Doing some construction lately, I have noticed how inaccurate some
component values are.
Good quality capacitors that I have been using are a long way out from
the marked value. Also recommended turns for toroids to produce a given
inductance can be quite a bit out. The only solution is to use an
inductance and capacitance metre and  select the components. Your
matching network otherwise could be a long way out and you might be
wondering what is wrong.
There is a vast difference between powdered iron cores and ferrite
material for the same given inductance. ie a T200-2 powdered iron core
needs about 67 turns to achieve 54 uh whereas a ferrite core type 3c6
only needs 7 turns. There are other considerations when selecting cores,
power, Q factor etc. Having completed some calculations at the design
stage it is then worth experimenting with different cores to achieve the
most efficient energy transfer, avoid overheating and saturation of
core.
A lot of information about filter and matching networks is contained in
the ARRL handbook, this will get you started when comtemplating a LF tx
project.
Some marked component values are well beyond the 10 percent tolerance.
One capacitor marked 0.022 uf was in fact 0.033 uf (wrongly marked in
this case). That is why some projects do not perform as designed and you
wonder why.
73 G3KEV






From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "kate moore" <mek@leicester.ac.uk>
To: "lfgroup" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: LF Xbands
Date: Thu, 30 Mar 2000 10:57:08 +0100
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Just had another xband 73/136 with Ray GI3PDN. Absolutely solid this time
and we were able to chat with ease. When we had finished I was very pleased
to be called by Dick, PA0SE and we also completed a normal CW xband contact.

Regards

John G4GVC (via Kate)



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Thu, 30 Mar 2000 11:59:43
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: "Rik Strobbe" <rik.strobbe@fys.kuleuven.ac.be>
Subject: LF: x-band
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I have a sked with Peter (G3LDO) for a CW x-band QSO (136/72kHz) tomorrow
(Friday) from 06.00 to 06.30 UT. I will listen on 71.8 and transmit 137.1kHz.
If signals are good the QSO with Peter could be done in 5 minutes and I
will be listening on 71.8kHz (+/-) in case someone else is interested in a
QSO.
But at 06.30 UT I have to go QRT and leave for work.

73, Rik  ON7YD



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Bob Eldridge wrote:
> 
> >An amateur regulatory constraint of 1 watt eirp limit starts to bite in
> >to the transmitter power budget for taller (more efficient) antenna
> >systems.
> >
> Bites in even more with a smaller antenna surely!

What I meant to suggest was that a small antenna needs a great deal of
applied power to achieve a radiated power of 1 watt.  For most hams, it
is impractical to get near 1 watt eirp with realistic transmitter
power.  On the other hand, the big antenna only nneds a QRP transmitter
connected to get 1 watt eirp.
 
> Didn't Dud Charman's indoor antenna circus demonstrate the truth of the
> axiom that a small antenna has the same radiation pattern as a very small
> antenna?

I also believe that all short verticals have the same basic radiation
pattern (the upper hemishere of a doughnut, with low angle suckin if
ground loss is significant). 

> Maybe a decommissioned Decca site could be better used to demonstrate the
> efficacy of passive reradiation from an adjacent tower.

Any tests would be interesting.  Big sticks are hard to come by.

Bob ZL2CA




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Gaspard De Wilde" <on4zk@vt4.net>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: LF: Date: Thu, 30 Mar 2000 14:51:13 +0200
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD W3 HTML//EN">
<HTML>
<HEAD>

<META content=text/html;charset=iso-8859-1 http-equiv=Content-Type>
<META content='"MSHTML 4.72.3110.7"' name=GENERATOR>
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<BODY bgColor=#ffffff>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>I confess:</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 
size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
I do not have :&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; the best antennas,</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 
size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
the best&nbsp; receivers, nor the best transmitters, </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 
size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
can't even go fast enough in CW....(novice ?)</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>but still&nbsp; enjoy the &lt; Radio &gt; 
contacts I make&nbsp; with my home brewed&nbsp; gear.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>&nbsp; All this after&nbsp; 50 years as 
ON4ZK,&nbsp; shame....mea culpa...mea maxima culpa!!!</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>So if you likes to contact me...be kind...come 
with the speed I used to call you....</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp; 73s&nbsp; from&nbsp; a lazy old 
Ham,Gaspard&nbsp; JO21NF&nbsp;</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>PS&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I look and call almost 
every evening in&nbsp; QRSS, begins arround 8h30 utc</FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Mike Dennison" <mike.dennison@rsgb.org.uk>
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> > Didn't Dud Charman's indoor antenna circus demonstrate the truth of the
> > axiom that a small antenna has the same radiation pattern as a very
> > small antenna?
> 
> I also believe that all short verticals have the same basic radiation
> pattern (the upper hemishere of a doughnut, with low angle suckin if
> ground loss is significant). 
> 

I was privileged to see Dud Charman's aerial circus in the 1960s as 
a schoolboy. For those who do not know, he had a large copper 
tray with a coax socket in the centre. He would then feed miniature 
antennas with UHF or microwaves and demonstrate their radiation 
pattern with a hand-held RF detector driving a lightbulb. Seeing a 
text book radiation pattern demonstrated in such a practical way 
was really amazing.

The flaw in this demonstration, however, is that it assumes little or 
no ground loss. I am sure that with practical levels of ground loss, 
the lowest angles are attenuated more on very short verticals than 
on taller ones.


Mike, G3XDV (IO91VT)
http://www.dennison.demon.co.uk/activity.htm



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Dick Rollema" <d.w.rollema@freeler.nl>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
References: <2000032922075768199@zetnet.co.uk>
Subject: LF: Re: Re:  Fast CW and big antennas...
Date: Thu, 30 Mar 2000 19:44:13 +0200
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To All from PA0SE

Peter, G3LDO wrote:

> Older LF Receivers.
> While at Amberley museum, a few weeks ago, I came across a Marconi
> receiver, the CR200. It covers from about 15 to 500kHz in 4 bands so
> I asked if I could borrow it to see how it shaped up to modern receivers.
> The main difference between it and other receivers, apart from being
> an LF receiver, is that it appears to be a TRF receiver, not a
> superhet (no IF stages or cans).
> It worked first time in spite of probably not having been switched on
> for umpteen years. It is very sensitive with a wide range RF gain
> control and a preset! LF gain control. I could hear the stronger
> stations on 136kHz without any trouble.
> While in QSO with M0BMU on 73kHz a couple of nights ago (Jim's signal
> was 559) I asked if he would stand by while I tested this receiver
> with his signal. When I switched from the TS850 to the CR200 I lost
> him competely - the problem was from the Decca signals down the band.
> So it would seem that the skirt selectivity of the filter was nowhere
> near as good as the TS850.
> Perhaps the CR200 was not designed for communications as such; it has
> a multi-way socket on the front panel labelled 'DF'.
> I will be returning the CR200 back to the museum on Friday and hope
> that my hernia is better by the time I go on vacation.

In "Radio Bygones" of October/November 1994, Issue No. 31 there is an
article by
G.L. Grisdale PhD G5GZ called "The Marconi CR Series of Receivers".
>From this I quote:

" The CR200

The CR200 (Navy B29) is a 5-valve TRF receiver (2-v-2) covering 15 to 550
kHz in four bands. Two audio stages include a narrow bandwidth filter tuned
to 1kHz for CW reception. Aerial arrangements include two 'loop' inputs,
intended for use in submarine installations where a single-turn loop or
frame aerial is fitted for submerged reception, on the lower two frequency
bands (15 to 90kHz).
For operation with such very insensitive aerials, the CR200 was given very
good sensitivity; however, with any normal aerial more than a few feet long,
the atmospheric (route) noise would exceed the inernal receiver noise. For
long-wave DX enthusiasts the good receiver sensitivity would not matter
much."

The following specification is included:

CR200 (Navy B29)

FREQUENCY RANGE: 15 - 150kHz in four bands
DC SUPPLIES: Batteries 200V22mA max, 6V 2.1A
MAINS SUPPLY: 100/110 or 200/250V AC 33W
INPUTS: Dipole or unipole via 80 Ohms feeder.
                 High or low-impedance loop aerial (15 - 90kHz only)
SENSITIVITY: See Note 1
OUTPUTS: Jacks for Pattern W.621 head telephones.
                     5000 Ohms line for Auto High-Speed reception using DC
Amplifier M31
DIMENSIONS: 19 x 13.5 x 16in. Weight 82lb
VALVES:

Position              Preferred                     American type
V1,2                    VR100 (KTW62)         6K7G
V3                        VR99 (X66)                 6K8G
V4                       NR68 (DH63)               6Q7G
V5                       6J5G (L63)                   6J5G
Power unit          VU71A                          5U4G

Note 1: The handbook AP S.S. 104 gives no sensitivity specifications.
However, a Test Certificate for a typical B29 receiver shows  a 10dB S/N
ratio was achieved across the frequency range with signals of 0.1 - 0.15µV
to the 80 Ohms input."

73, Dick, PA0SE




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Date: Thu, 30 Mar 2000 16:26:09 -0500
From: "Prof R. Jennison" <boffin1@compuserve.com>
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Subject: Re: LF: 73kHz - Rugby
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Whatever has happened to the Rugby transmitter, it has been off the air for
three days.   Has it been sabotaged by overkeen Hams or have the
authorities given up the fight against competing with Ham Radio?
It seems to me to be even more sinister. For 2 years I have been using a
VFO but on Wednesday, thanks to G3NYK's Xtal offer, I completed a Xtal beat
oscillator to squeeze into the tiny bottom end of the band.  I specifically
designed it for this sector and cannot use it at the top end.  Now I find
that, in this neck of the woods, continental QRM is terrific at the bottom
end but the centre and top end of the band are as quiet as the proverbial
mouse or perhaps I should say quieter as I recall being awakened in the
past by the little blighters scratching away throughout the night!  
As I have not heard a single 73 Ham signal for ages I will put the beacon
on for extended periods during the next few days in the faint hope that I
may get a report from somewhere, even perhaps continental Europe!
73, 
Roger, G2AJV.


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "g3kev" <g3kev@netscapeonline.co.uk>
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 There seems to be some confusion about large and small vertical
antennas on  LF.
Although the radiation patern(profile) is the same the INTENSITITY of
the propogated signal is much greater from the large vertical given the
same power. I have tested this and found it to be the case. There seems
to be some contradictory opinions but they are only theoritical and  I
await someone else to perform a practical field test. ie install a 120
ft vertical with  a suitable antenna resonated for 136 khz , then
dismantle it or lower it to the average 30 feet, re-resonate and check
out the difference. Use the same radial system.
de G3KEV





From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Thu, 30 Mar 2000 23:19:38 +0000
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: "Andy Talbot" <drassew2@interalpha.co.uk>
Subject: Re: LF: 73kHz - Rugby
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MSF has been off as well, just as I wanted to do some long duration
frequency calibration tests, and the 16kHz and 22 kHz (alledged) submarine
transmissions.  According to the National Physical Laboratory info on MSF,
as the antenna feeds are all sited so close together, whenever the main one
needs maintainance the others have to go off as well for safety reasons.
There was no notification on the NPL web page about MSF outages, so it look
like a sudden repair job.

Andy  G4JNT

>Whatever has happened to the Rugby transmitter, it has been off the air for
>three days.   Has it been sabotaged by overkeen Hams or have the
>authorities given up the fight against competing with Ham Radio?
>It seems to me to be even more sinister. For 2 years I have been using a
>VFO but on Wednesday, thanks to G3NYK's Xtal offer, I completed a Xtal beat
>oscillator to squeeze into the tiny bottom end of the band.  I specifically
>designed it for this sector and cannot use it at the top end.  Now I find
>that, in this neck of the woods, continental QRM is terrific at the bottom
>end but the centre and top end of the band are as quiet as the proverbial
>mouse or perhaps I should say quieter as I recall being awakened in the
>past by the little blighters scratching away throughout the night!  
>As I have not heard a single 73 Ham signal for ages I will put the beacon
>on for extended periods during the next few days in the faint hope that I
>may get a report from somewhere, even perhaps continental Europe!
>73, 
>Roger, G2AJV.
>
>



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Thu, 30 Mar 2000 16:23:14 +0100
To: "RSGB LF Group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
From: "Tom Boucher" <tom@telemetry.demon.co.uk>
Subject: LF: Aerial Circus
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I was never lucky enough to see G6CJ's antenna circus, but I saw a
similar demonstration some years ago given by Laurie G3AQC which was
most interesting. Do you still have the bits and pieces and miniature
antenna farm you used in your talk Laurie?

73, Tom G3OLB


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Thu, 30 Mar 2000 23:14:56 -0500
From: "'Geri' Kinzel, DK8KW" <DK8KW@compuserve.com>
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Subject: Re: LF: 73kHz - Rugby
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Roger,

>As I have not heard a single 73 Ham signal for ages I will put the beacon
>on for extended periods during the next few days in the faint hope that I
>may get a report from somewhere, even perhaps continental Europe!
>73, 
>Roger, G2AJV.<

I would love to give it a try from continental Europe. What is the precise
frequency your xtal-combination puts out? 

Best 73

Geri, DK8KW (W1KW)


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "kate moore" <mek@leicester.ac.uk>
To: "lfgroup" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: Rugby shutdown
Date: Fri, 31 Mar 2000 08:27:48 +0100
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According to a packet message from G4JXL, Rugby is off at present for its
annual maintenance period, which is scheduled from last Monday until
"1300BST" on 10th April. Whether the transmitters will be down for the
whole of this period is anyone's guess - the 60kHz transmission does
reappear in the evenings, but thankfully 73kHz has been off all week so
far, making the band gloriously quiet here (apart from the odd SMPSU!).
Looks like this is going to be our best opportunity to use 73kHz before
we loose it at the end of June - hope to work many of you either 2-way
or crossband to 136 in the next couple of weeks. Skeds welcome!

Apparently a status report on MSF is available on 0181 943 6493.

               John G4GVC



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "M.J.Powell" <mike@pickmere.demon.co.uk>
Subject: Re: LF: 73kHz - Rugby
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In message <200003302220.XAA16615@post.interalpha.net>, Andy Talbot
<drassew2@interalpha.co.uk> writes
>MSF has been off as well, just as I wanted to do some long duration
>frequency calibration tests, and the 16kHz and 22 kHz (alledged) submarine
>transmissions.  According to the National Physical Laboratory info on MSF,
>as the antenna feeds are all sited so close together, whenever the main one
>needs maintainance the others have to go off as well for safety reasons.
>There was no notification on the NPL web page about MSF outages, so it look
>like a sudden repair job.

Isn't Criggion still on?

Mike
-- 
M.J.Powell


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Fri, 31 Mar 2000 06:36:45 -0500
From: "Holger 'Geri', DK8KW" <DK8KW@compuserve.com>
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Subject: LF: CONFUSION
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Hello Mal,

> There seems to be some confusion about large and small vertical
>antennas on  LF.
>Although the radiation patern(profile) is the same the INTENSITITY of
>the propogated signal is much greater from the large vertical given the
>same power. I have tested this and found it to be the case. There seems
>to be some contradictory opinions but they are only theoritical and  I
>await someone else to perform a practical field test. ie install a 120
>ft vertical with  a suitable antenna resonated for 136 khz , then
>dismantle it or lower it to the average 30 feet, re-resonate and check
>out the difference. Use the same radial system.
>de G3KEV

does this mean, it is better to have a large antenna and high power than a
small one and QRP?

If this is so, it sounds to me like the saying:

"Better rich and healthy than poor and sick" ...  I fully agree!


73

Geri, DK8KW (W1KW)



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Mike Dennison" <mike.dennison@rsgb.org.uk>
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>As I have not heard a single 73 Ham signal for ages I will put
> the beacon on for extended periods during the next few days in the faint
> hope that I may get a report from somewhere, even perhaps continental
> Europe! 73, Roger, G2AJV.
> 

Roger,

Your beacon was 559 with me in Herts, last night. The band gets 
even quieter tonight when the Decca transmissions at the bottom 
end go QRT. Now, let's hope there's a period of time before Rugby 
comes back on.


Mike, G3XDV (IO91VT)
http://www.dennison.demon.co.uk/activity.htm



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Dear LF Group,
	
When I last listened, Rugby was still be off the air on 73kHz, so I 
will be active again on that band tonight, from about 1900utc 
onwards, with normal CW or QRSS, whichever seems appropriate.

I'm sure there are a few stations out there who would like to try a 
cross-band QSO while Rugby stays off the air. It's a bit difficult to 
have a 'random' normal CW cross-band QSO without a prior sked 
being arranged, due to the likelihood of colliding with 136kHz 
QSO's. Since most CW activity seems to happen below about 
137.2 kHz, and slow CW seems to happen above about 137.65, 
how about having around 137.4 as a temporary calling frequency 
for cross-band QSOs, just for the duration of Rugby's shut-down?
As I recall, this area has been set aside for PSK31, etc., but not 
many people seem to be set up for these modes as yet.

Hope to see you on the air over the weekend,
Cheers, Jim Moritz
73 de M0BMU


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "LAWRENCE MAYHEAD" <LAURIE@g3aqc.freeserve.co.uk>
To: "rsgb lf group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: Re. Decca TX.
Date: Fri, 31 Mar 2000 20:16:34 +0100
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<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>Thanks again for various comments.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>1) Amp-Metres this is of course understood,but 
it is not significant since the currents will be adjusted to obtain equal powers 
in the two ants.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>2)Dave ZL3FJ is concerned about co-siting and 
mutual coupling.I agree but it should be possible to de-tune the big ant. and so 
long as they are not too close I dont think the mutual will be very 
significant.However the two ants. could be on separate sites since even the 
professional ground is not likely to be all that good.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>3) Mike G3XDV states that with practical levels 
of ground loss the lowest angles of radiation are attenuated more on very short 
verticals than on long ones,OK but 300Ft is still a very short vertical (it 
would need to be more than 500M long! to be quarter wavelength) So I doubt if 
there will be ang great difference&nbsp; between 300 and 60 feet from this 
cause.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>So I still think this a worthwile experiment. 
Laurie G3AQC.</FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Prof R. Jennison" <boffin1@compuserve.com>
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Subject: Re: LF: 73kHz - Rugby
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Geri,
I am transmitting at the moment on 71.9 + or - 50Hz .  I have to go QRT at
07.45 UT in deference to my 104 year old mother-in-law but should be able
to switch on again at about 06.30 UT tomorrow (Saturday).  The beacon is at
about 5 w.p.m.
Good luck and 73,
Roger, G2AJV.


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "LAWRENCE MAYHEAD" <LAURIE@g3aqc.freeserve.co.uk>
To: "rsgb lf group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: LF Aerial Circus
Date: Fri, 31 Mar 2000 21:23:31 +0100
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<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>Hi Tom,</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>Glad somebody remembers my antenna rig.It did 
noble service around the clubs, as well as its main job of evaluating Delta Loop 
configurations.see RadCom 1974.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>The calibrated Rx was stolen some years ago and 
most of the ants have disapeared over the years Hi. I now use Eznec but&nbsp; 
its amazing what could be done with a small ant ground plane etc. 73s 
Laurie.</FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: "Walter Blanchard" <blanch@pncl.co.uk>
Subject: Re: LF: 73kHz - Rugby
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Mike,
At 17:47 31/03/00 +0100, you wrote:
>..................................................................... The 
>band gets
>even quieter tonight when the Decca transmissions at the bottom
>end go QRT. ......................
Don't bank on it.  They're ceasing full Decca transmissions but many are 
staying on the
air temporarily for other reasons.

Walter G3JKV.




