From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
References: <002901bf232f$ac55c340$8aeb869f@beachwood.tinet.ie>
Subject: Re: LF: re: 500khz
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From: "Hans-Joachim Brandt" <hajo.brandt.dj1zb@t-online.de>
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Dear Finbar et AL;

THE POWER OF WCC and WSL I have taken from a 1959 list of coast and ship 
stations, volume 1, coast stations.

Concerning a medium wave band, as stated on another occasion (DK8KWs medium 
wave tx), we should choose a frequency sufficiently far from the 450 kHz to 468 
kHz I.F. range of receivers, therefore I had pleaded for 410 kHz (or somewhat 
higher).

73 Ha-Jo, DJ1ZB 

 Stations like
>  Chatham  WCC and Amaganset WSL, were mentioned, but their power levels were
>  exceptional, just imagine   30-40 kw, a bit over the top , and to be quite
>  honest, their signals never struck me as being that much more potent than
>  the rest. 

 How about a new  band around      440 khz.  After  136 khz it would be  a
>  breeze.
>
> 73   Finbar      EI0CF       EJM     
>
>



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Message-ID: <004b01bf23fc$b6ebca20$8aeb869f@beachwood.tinet.ie>
From: "Finbar O'Connor" <beachwood@tinet.ie>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: LF: Re: Beacon news
Date: Mon, 1 Nov 1999 00:01:10 -0000
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Thank you for the report on my  beacon transmission.
This experiment all came to a sorry end , just after I ended the test on
Saturday afternoon. I had been using  a 12 volt supply for the rig and had
adjusted the tapes right down the base loading coil to get the correct input
match. However, I normally use  50 to 70 volts on the Mosfets.  Yes ,  you
guessed it.... I reconnected the  70 volts supply, pressed the key, had a
good lash at tuning the variometer and knocked the stuffing out of the rig,
to the extent that, not alone did the Mosfets die  a terrible death, but two
chips, and the complementary driving transistors were zapped. I should have
re-adjusted the tap right up the coil before this hasty act.
The only thing still working was the oscillator. An hour later, it was all
operational again and a quick air test with G3KEV put my mind at rest.
These high voltage Mosfet rigs don't take prisoners......ouch.
Glad my signal made it as far as your qth, must try some experiments, with
and without the tuned counterpoise to see if it makes any noticeble
difference 'on air'.
73  Finbar   EI0CF
-----Original Message-----
From: Des Kostryca <des@kostryca.freeserve.co.uk>
To: RSGB LF_Group <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Date: 30 October 1999 22:53
Subject: LF: Beacon.


>Finbar and the group,
>
>Your beacon was heard in Gainsborough, 18 miles north of Lincoln (IO93OJ)
>Friday morning at 07:15 on 137.5 kHz with RST 439 to 449. Was able to copy
>the beacon well all morning till about 14:35 when local qrm made copy
>difficult. I had been using a 10 mtr vertical with top loading but when
copy
>became bad I switched to my 40 square mtr single turn loop (pointing
>North/South) and your beacon was back with an RST of 459 and well above the
>local qrm.
>
>I had been working in the shack all morning and most of the afternoon
>listening to 137 kHz but your beacon could be heard in the background
thanks
>to my 500 Hz "barn door" IF filter. Funny thing is....I can still hear the
>beacon with the rig switched off :-) Must be over exposure to cw.
>
>73's all,
>
>Des.
>
>
>Des Kostryca (M0AYF)  G.Q.R.P. no. 9788
>I.A.R.U.  loc.  IO93OJ  W.A.B.  SK89
>Member of the N.B.T.V.A.
>
>
>
>
>
>
>



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Message-ID: <005001bf23fd$52d12700$8aeb869f@beachwood.tinet.ie>
From: "Finbar O'Connor" <beachwood@tinet.ie>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: LF: Re: Re:GB2CPM
Date: Mon, 1 Nov 1999 00:09:07 -0000
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Hi Peter,
             Great signal  here at Malin Head, heard you working a string of
stations,  you were certainly getting out well up here. Could not get back
to you , as I was working at the salt mines , whilst you were working at the
chalk mines. Hi Hi.
73   Finbar    EI0CF
-----Original Message-----
From: Peter Dodd <g3ldo@zetnet.co.uk>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Date: 31 October 1999 23:08
Subject: LF: Re:GB2CPM


>>From Peter Dodd, G3LDO.
>Set up the station at GB2CPM this morning at 0830 using my old Shogun
>as the shack. The main problem was the earth/counterpoise and not the
>antenna loading coil as I originally thought. The 140m length of wire
>laying close to the ground allowed only about 500mA of antenna
>current. Worked GW4ALG 589/589 at 0905. Thought I heard DJ5DI. Worked
>G3YMC 589/589. Tried to improve the counterpoise by first raising it
>above the ground in small trees but antenna current now only 300mA.
>Nevertheless worked GW3XDV/P 589/589 (great signal from Mike in a
>portable location).
>Tried earthing the end of the counterpoise - no good at all. Tried
>using earth stake - no good in chalk.
>Fixed counterpoise close to ground using rocks - much better.
>Readjusted taps on PA output transformer and got nearly one amp
>antenna current.
>Worked PA0CWP 449/459, PA0SE 589/589, SM6PXJ 549/549, G3KMP 569/599+,
>PA2NJN 439/519, G6NB 579/589, G3BDQ 599/599, G3GRO 599/599, DK9DX
>329/449 and G8RW 589/599 and finally G8IK449/569.
>I also heard DL3FDO calling CQ at 1400hrs but he didnt hear my call.
>
>The QTH is an old chalk quarry, and the inverted L spans a horseshoe
>shaped chasm cut into a hill. The open end of the chasm faces north
>so I expected there to be a lot of attenuation of signals from the
>south. In fact the Loran signals from northern France come pounding
>in holding the S meter at S8 on 2.7kHz bandwidth and even S3 on the
>narrowest CW bandwidth. All the signals of the DX I worked had to go
>through the hill so a predominately chalk hill seems fairly
>transparent to LF signals.
>
>The museum is now closed down for the Winter (this Sunday was the
>last day it was open and I had audio QRM from steam engines
>chuntering around the place!). However the closure will not prevent
>operations throughout the winter because I am a volunteer worker there.
>I must do something about the counterpoise!
>--
>Regards, Peter, G3LDO
>
><g3ldo@zetnet.co.uk>
>
>
>



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Message-ID: <005701bf2401$60427ac0$8aeb869f@beachwood.tinet.ie>
From: "Finbar O'Connor" <beachwood@tinet.ie>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: Re: LF: re: 500khz
Date: Mon, 1 Nov 1999 00:38:07 -0000
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Hi  Hans-Joachim,
                           I do not disagree with your power level for WCC
and WSL,  I  was just  commenting on the sheer power level used by these
stations, compared to the ususal  1 kw  transmitters used at coast radio
stations. The 1996  Admiralty List of Radio Signals  Volume 1,  notes the
high power used by WCC and WSL.  Many a time our own 1 kw transmitters had
sunk to 500 watts, before  a new pair of output valves were fitted, but we
still managed to cover  well out into the Atlantic by day and night.
Very best regards
Finbar   EI0CF    EJM
-----Original Message-----
From: Hans-Joachim Brandt <hajo.brandt.dj1zb@t-online.de>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Date: 01 November 1999 00:15
Subject: Re: LF: re: 500khz


Dear Finbar et AL;

THE POWER OF WCC and WSL I have taken from a 1959 list of coast and ship
stations, volume 1, coast stations.

Concerning a medium wave band, as stated on another occasion (DK8KWs medium
wave tx), we should choose a frequency sufficiently far from the 450 kHz to
468
kHz I.F. range of receivers, therefore I had pleaded for 410 kHz (or
somewhat
higher).

73 Ha-Jo, DJ1ZB

Stations like
>  Chatham  WCC and Amaganset WSL, were mentioned, but their power levels
were
>  exceptional, just imagine   30-40 kw, a bit over the top , and to be
quite
>  honest, their signals never struck me as being that much more potent than
>  the rest.

How about a new  band around      440 khz.  After  136 khz it would be  a
>  breeze.
>
> 73   Finbar      EI0CF       EJM
>
>






From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Soegiono, Gamal" <soegiono@hsd.utc.com>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: LF: AW: Fs measurements
Date: Mon, 1 Nov 1999 13:50:16 +0100
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Dear Vaino,

saw your interesting daytime FS figures in the reflector.


VL> Fs in dB(uV/m), Det: AVE (except for Alphas)
VL> RX: R&S ESH2 (Bw=200 Hz) 
VL> Ant: Active loop
VL> 
VL> 128.9  DCF49              40
VL> 138.8  DCF39              25   (weak!)


Why is the Mainflingen Transmitter DCF49 received
15 dB more strongly than the Burg Transmitter DCF39?

Mainflingen should be about 350 km farer from your QTH
as compared with Mainflingen.

Are these FS values spot measurements, or do they
constitute averages over a period of time?

In case of spot measurements - this may explain for
the differences.

Another possibility is, that EFR temporarily uses
lower power for DCF39 for some reason. According to 
their statement the nominal transmitter power for both 
stations is 50 kW.

Best 73 de Gamal 







From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
References: <005701bf2401$60427ac0$8aeb869f@beachwood.tinet.ie>
Subject: Re:  LF: re: 500khz
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From: "Hans-Joachim Brandt" <hajo.brandt.dj1zb@t-online.de>
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Dear Finbar,

thank You for your comment. I think the high powers of WCC and WSL were the 
result of the competition of the two different telegraph companies in the New 
York area, a situation we had not to deal with here in Europe.

I have also looked up in my list the powers listed for DAN and DAO where I have 
been in training in 1955/56 but I think the powers of the transmitters were 
higher than listed by the ITU. When I do remember right DAN had about 5 kW and 
DAO 1-2 kW.

I also remember that the technicians servicing the pre-war-transmitters had 
problems getting permission for new tubes (in the fifties, many former navy 
transmitters were still be used at german coastal radio stations). They had to 
burn the filaments of old tubes to receive the acknowledgement that they could 
not be used any longer. However, this way did not work any more after the new 
tube technology with low voltage filaments and high currents had been 
introduced! 

But these times have gone now - - - 

After two years in training for coastal stations and two years at sea, I moved 
to Munich into the radio industry to become a design engineer, first with 
Rohde&Schwarz for UHF TV transmitters, then with SIEMENS designing HF equipment. 
But our division had been sold about the same time when coastal radio had been 
abolished. SIEMENS does not produce any HF equipment any more. The last years of 
my career I worked with SIEMENS in Brunswick, designing equipment for railways 
for communication between rails and trains, in the range 75 Hz to 36 kHz!

Most of my coastal radio colleagues have left this servide rather early and had 
been employed in other services of Deutsche Bundespost, but others had been in 
service up to the end and were much struck how things developed in coastal 
radio. Now we should be eager to see what future use will be made with this 
frequency range. If a few kHz could be taken apart for amateur radio - I would 
appreciate it. The technical conditions for those small estates which radio  
amateurs can use would be much more favourable than for LF (on the other side I 
also know that some G stns still love 73 kHz).

73 Ha-Jo, DJ1ZB 

73 Ha-Jo, DJ1ZB

Finbar O'Connor schrieb:
> Hi  Hans-Joachim,
>                            I do not disagree with your power level for WCC
> and WSL,  I  was just  commenting on the sheer power level used by these
> stations, compared to the ususal  1 kw  transmitters used at coast radio
> stations. The 1996  Admiralty List of Radio Signals  Volume 1,  notes the
> high power used by WCC and WSL.  Many a time our own 1 kw transmitters had
> sunk to 500 watts, before  a new pair of output valves were fitted, but we
> still managed to cover  well out into the Atlantic by day and night.
> Very best regards
> Finbar   EI0CF    EJM
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Hans-Joachim Brandt <hajo.brandt.dj1zb@t-online.de>
> To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
> Date: 01 November 1999 00:15
> Subject: Re: LF: re: 500khz
>
>
> Dear Finbar et AL;
>
> THE POWER OF WCC and WSL I have taken from a 1959 list of coast and ship
> stations, volume 1, coast stations.
>
> Concerning a medium wave band, as stated on another occasion (DK8KWs medium
> wave tx), we should choose a frequency sufficiently far from the 450 kHz to
> 468
> kHz I.F. range of receivers, therefore I had pleaded for 410 kHz (or
> somewhat
> higher).
>
> 73 Ha-Jo, DJ1ZB
>
> Stations like
> >  Chatham  WCC and Amaganset WSL, were mentioned, but their power levels
> were
> >  exceptional, just imagine   30-40 kw, a bit over the top , and to be
> quite
> >  honest, their signals never struck me as being that much more potent than
> >  the rest.
>
> How about a new  band around      440 khz.  After  136 khz it would be  a
> >  breeze.
> >
> > 73   Finbar      EI0CF       EJM
> >
> >
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From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: =?iso-8859-1?Q?Robert_Decarni=E8re?= <on4dy@village.uunet.be>
To: "LF" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: Report Oct.26-31st
Date: Mon, 1 Nov 1999 16:44:18 -0000
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<DIV><FONT color=#000000>From ON4DY (RX only)&nbsp; JO10TX&nbsp; 8 miles SW of 
Ghent.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Tuesday October 26th.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>20:02&nbsp;&nbsp; 
IK5ZPV&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
cq&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 539&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; First 
time heard...preamp adjustments yield results....</DIV>
<DIV>20:56&nbsp;&nbsp; GW4ALG&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
cq&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 549&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Working 
G6NB later on.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Friday 29th.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>20:09&nbsp;&nbsp; MM0ALM&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
cqs&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 539&nbsp;&nbsp; increasing to&nbsp; 579 at&nbsp;&nbsp; 
20:25</DIV>
<DIV>21:07&nbsp;&nbsp; MM0ALM&nbsp; (569) works&nbsp; I5MXX&nbsp; (549)&nbsp; 
exchanged 569/519 rprts.</DIV>
<DIV>21:25&nbsp;&nbsp; G3KEV&nbsp; 579&nbsp; calls I5MMX,&nbsp; but cannot catch 
his attention, despite one S-unit stronger here than MM0</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Saturday 30 ieth</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>05:19&nbsp;&nbsp; DK8KW (559)&nbsp; working&nbsp; SM6PXJ&nbsp; 
(559)&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>07:03&nbsp;&nbsp; PA2NJN&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; cq&nbsp;&nbsp; QRS 
CW&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; audible 569&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>07:25&nbsp;&nbsp; G3BDQ&nbsp; (569)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; working&nbsp; 
PA0SE&nbsp;&nbsp; (589)</DIV>
<DIV>08:50&nbsp;&nbsp; PA2NJN&nbsp; calling I5ZPV in QRS CW</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Sunday 31 st</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>07:37&nbsp;&nbsp; G3BDQ (579)&nbsp; working&nbsp; G3YMC&nbsp; (Not heard 
sri)</DIV>
<DIV>07:44&nbsp;&nbsp; DK8KW&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
cq&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 549</DIV>
<DIV>08:18&nbsp;&nbsp; HB9ASB&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; cq&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
QRS CW&nbsp; audible 549</DIV>
<DIV>08:55&nbsp;&nbsp; tuned late on freq. and got&nbsp; ZPV, so guess it was 
the end of a cq from I5ZPV</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 
size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
<FONT size=3>and&nbsp; prefix ??&nbsp; 8ZR with clear sigs just above&nbsp; ( 
both QRS CW)</FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2><FONT size=3></FONT></FONT>09:08&nbsp;&nbsp; 
PA2NJN&nbsp; cq qrs cw&nbsp; 569&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>09:16&nbsp;&nbsp; GB2CPM&nbsp; (579)&nbsp; working G3YMC</DIV>
<DIV>09:22&nbsp;&nbsp; PA0BWL&nbsp; (549)&nbsp; working&nbsp; DK8KW&nbsp; 
(549)</DIV>
<DIV>10:20&nbsp;&nbsp; GW3XDV/P&nbsp;&nbsp; QRS CW&nbsp; audible 559.</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000>Thanks to all for pleasant hours of 
listening....</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000>73, Bob ON4DY</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV></BODY></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Mon, 1 Nov 1999 12:22:46 -0500
From: "'Geri' Kinzel, DK8KW" <DK8KW@compuserve.com>
Subject: LF: Report Oct.26-31st
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
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Bob (and all others posting their reports here),

thank you for your listener's report. It is allways good to remember that
there might be someone listening, even if you only call cq wihout getting
any answer...

BTW: 8ZR most presumably is Bernd, DF8ZR in JN49JV.


Best 73

Geri, DK8KW (W1KW)

JO52BH


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Laken, W.H.P.A. van der \(Wil\)" <w.laken@diosynth.oss.akzonobel.nl>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: LF: Weekend report
Date: Tue, 2 Nov 1999 10:01:56 +0100
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I tried to improve the aerial and the feedpoint last Saturday.
My impression is that reports are better now, but my earth connection needs
some attention the coming week.

Last week I heard MM0ALM every day late in the evening. Reports vary, but
the signal went up to 559 by times.

Saturday 30-oct-1999

Worked:	PA2NJN	O/O	g:549	r:519
		G3KEV			g:569	r:559 tnx for QSP Mal
Heard:		DL3FDO	549	as always
		MM0ALM	549	
		G3CCH		559	tnx for QSP
	qrs	G3XTZ		O
		(I)5ZPV		O	Just like Bob: I tuned in too late.

Sunday: 31-oct-1999

Worked:	DK8KW		g:579	r:549
		GB2CPM		g:459	r:449
		G3BDQ			g:439	r:529
		G3XTZ		O/O	g:559	r:239
Heard:		GW3XDV/p	539
		PA0SE		599	solid 599 now Dick.
		DL3FDO	549
		OZ5N		539	QSO with SM6PXJ
	qrs	DF8ZR		O



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Toni Baertschi" <tonib@phonakcom.ch>
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>>From HB9ASB, JN36pt

Vy good condx last night: high signal levels - low noise, but some QSB.
Had a CW QSO with a new station from Italy: I5BQL.
Otherwise not much activity to see on the band the past two weekends. It
seems that the action is concentrated on northern Europe and I probably
can hear and see only the big guns - at least during the day.
Anyway last weekend I had a CW QSO (before sunrise) with SM6PMX and the
weekend before a SCW contact with PA2NJN (daylight): Two new countries
for me.

My LF observations during the vacations in the alps (JN36XC) confirmed
the "barrier effect" of this region. Weak commercial signals during the
day and no amateur signal came trough. At nighttime signals came up and
DCF39 and "the Greek" were strong but always with QSB. I could hear
I5MXX with a very good signal (QRB: 335 km). Portable Equipment: Sangean
ATS909, home brew converter (28 MHz), untuned active Loop (2m Diam.),
passive audio filter (300Hz). Unfortunately no SCW reception possible,
due to strong QRM by the laptop computer and its power supply.

73 de Toni


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Dave" <dave@picks.force9.co.uk>
To: "LF Group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: GI on 136
Date: Tue, 2 Nov 1999 19:51:18 -0000
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Dear all.

I received this from G3KEV yesterday:

"I will be in Gi fm 6th-20Nov and hope to be active on 136 khz.
This event depends on the wx and being able to keep the antenna tower
airborne hi.
The tower is a strumech 120 ft 6 section and the ant will be a T at 120
ft vert and abt 600 ft top. Thats the plan and hopefully I will have the
time and the wx will suitable."

Let's hope the weather is good. I'm sure Mal will put out a strong signal
from GI.

73,

Dave G3YXM.



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "peter cleall" <peter.cleall@virgin.net>
To: "RSGB LF group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: leonids meteor shower
Date: Wed, 3 Nov 1999 08:25:48 -0000
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this shower is due to peak in the early hours of 18 November. Although an
annual shower, this year is the one that is expected to give a massive
display, once every 33 years of maybe thousands of meteors per hour, but who
knows if the experts are right.

friends

does your collective knowledge advise we can ignore this on 136kHz

thanks


peter G8AFN



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Alan Melia" <Alan.Melia@btinternet.com>
To: "rsgb_lf_group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: B I G  Signal from Crawley Club
Date: Wed, 3 Nov 1999 09:53:01 -0000
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Hi All, there was an Enormous signal here this morning from G3WSC the
Crawley Club station testing with Dave on Gib.  The only slight drawback
being their high speed keyer and the QRS keyer were fighting each other. The
high speed keyer seemed to take over on a timer and corrupt the QRS
call....no problem here but could be difficult if you are only getting
fragmentry elements in the noise.
Also heard PA2NJN 50 Hz lower in freq  and G8RW on hand speed. Hope Dave got
good copy!!

73 de Alan G3NYK
Alan.Melia@btinternet.com




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Wed, 3 Nov 1999 04:59:10 -0500
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From: "Holger 'Geri', DK8KW" <DK8KW@compuserve.com>
Subject: LF: leonids meteor shower
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
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At least from my 50 MHz experience I know, how those meteorite reflections
do sound on VHF. I have never heard anything on LF (sudden rise in field
strength) that I would trace back to meteorite reflections.

Best 73

Geri, DK8KW (W1KW) 



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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To: "rsgb lf group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: Date: Wed, 3 Nov 1999 12:06:35 -0000
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<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>From Laurie G3AQC</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>Just put 3 top wires on my Marconi T antenna 
instead of only one.No increase in antenna current,although I did have to 
re-tune to compensate for extra capacity.will just have to try it out on air to 
see if any better.73, Laurie.</FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "DEREK ATTER" <DATTER@compuserve.com>
Subject: LF: Signal report on G3WSC at the Crawley Club
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To Alan, G3NYK

Thanks for the report on the strong signals received from the Crawley Club
Station G3WSC this morning 
(09.00 - 09.30 UTC) during the QRS tests on 137.700Khz with Dave G0MRF who
was hopefully QRX in Gibralta at that time.

We were using the Club LF antenna which is an inverted "L" with a 60ft
vertical section and and single horizontal 300ft  wire top running up to
about 80ft above sloping ground.  Lech, G3KAU provided the TX giving 600W
from 4 power MOSFETs.  Thanks for the comment about the interaction between
the QRS keying and the normal speed CW ident. In future we hope to
interleave the two keying functions rather better!

                73   de Derek Atter,  G3GRO


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Message-ID: <JOKyOKAI8HI4Ewpt@dennison.demon.co.uk>
Date: Wed, 3 Nov 1999 18:29:28 +0000
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: "Mike Dennison" <mike@dennison.demon.co.uk>
Subject: LF: GW/P expedition report
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Went to my holiday home in south-west Wales for a week and took the LF
station with me. The intention was to fly a kite antenna on Sunday, but
I had a 50ft mast with me as well. A generator was hired for the weekend
to run the 200W BK Electronics amplifier. 

Friday 29 October 

Spent the evening threading a thin wire along the kite twine and making
a winder (a bit like a large fishing reel). 

Saturday 30 October 

Tried the kite out in my preferred location, a large empty car park near
the beach, just inside a steep sided valley. No luck, like the two
previous attempts at this location the kite was all over the place and
kept coming down. 

Sunday 31 October 

Weather was very windy but dry. Took kite and mast with me, and all the
gear. Plenty of time available as the clocks had just changed. 

To my surprise, the kite flew immediately. Held by a bungee cord (thanks
to G3YXM for that suggestion), it stayed up at an angle of between 45
and 60 degrees for over two hours. I ran out 100m of wire along the
ground as a counterpoise. 

It took over 45 minutes to get the tuning right, start the generator and
get some current into the antenna. Only 1 amp compared to the 1.7A I get
at home (possibly because I force cool the amplifier at home). 

Sounded good on receive with the Greek RTTY at S7 and Loran clearly
audible. By 0956, I was ready to put out a CQ. 

Worked everyone I heard: GW4ALG (gave 579, got 589); GB2CPM (589/589);
G0AKY (incomplete); PA0SE (559/259 incomplete); G6RO (559/579).

I put out one callsign "GW3XDV" on QRSs on 137.7kHz in case OK1FIG was
watching, but I had no receive capability. 

At 1100 part of the antenna brushed against the car, sparked across and
melted the insulation on the thin wire. Worse, the nylon cord melted and
broke. I came very close to losing the kite as it was held only by the
few strands of wire. Fortunately they held and I was able to make
repairs. 

This was even more fortunate as the next QSO was SM6PXJ at 1407km (my
previous best DX from that site was 420km). I finally worked G3AQC
(569/579) and packed up, well pleased with the expedition. 

Next time, I will make sure the antenna is well clear of the car, but
you can expect some more kite operations from Pembrokeshire. 

-- 
Mike, G3XDV
http://www.dennison.demon.co.uk/activity.htm


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Dave" <dave@picks.force9.co.uk>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
References: <JOKyOKAI8HI4Ewpt@dennison.demon.co.uk>
Subject: LF: Re: GW/P expedition report
Date: Wed, 3 Nov 1999 19:01:06 -0000
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Mike

I know the problem! No matter how you park the car, the wire always seems to
brush against the car and destroy the paintwork...
Congratulations on the DX, you did better than I did in GM.

73, Dave G3YXM.

> At 1100 part of the antenna brushed against the car, sparked across and
> melted the insulation on the thin wire. Worse, the nylon cord melted and
> broke. I came very close to losing the kite as it was held only by the
> few strands of wire. Fortunately they held and I was able to make
> repairs.
>
> This was even more fortunate as the next QSO was SM6PXJ at 1407km (my
> previous best DX from that site was 420km).



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "john sexton" <computernetworks@excite.com>
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To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: LF: Re: Improved Marconi T at G3AQC
Message-ID: <941657364.20581.46@excite.com>
Date: Wed, 03 Nov 1999 11:29:24 PST
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You were putting in a good signal here today at 13.25 and I don't recall
hearing you before, so it is most likely better.

My receive Antenna is a G3LNP loop in the North/south plane.

I have just put up a G5RV for HF and tried connecting both sides as the
input to the receiver, but it is nowhere near as good as the loop.
I tried putting a couple of TOKO CAN1A350 coils in series and was able to
peak the signal, but still not as good as the loop.
The advice in the LF source book is to construct a big coil to get a high Q,
but I thought that maybe for receive this was not necessary. Presumably it
is.

Regards John G4CNN




________________________________________________________________
Get FREE voicemail, fax and email at http://voicemail.excite.com
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From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Finbar O'Connor" <beachwood@tinet.ie>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: LF: Re: GW/P  super
Date: Wed, 3 Nov 1999 20:21:52 -0000
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Hi Mike,
            Was working on Sunday, but did get the chance to tune into to
137 khz and hear you with a super signal from Wales, very strong and steady
signal, working everything going. Great stuff. Pity I could not get on to
have a qso.
Best regards
Finbar   EI0CF   Malin Head.
-----Original Message-----
From: Mike Dennison <mike@dennison.demon.co.uk>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Date: 03 November 1999 19:07
Subject: LF: GW/P expedition report


>Went to my holiday home in south-west Wales for a week and took the LF
>station with me. The intention was to fly a kite antenna on Sunday, but
>I had a 50ft mast with me as well. A generator was hired for the weekend
>to run the 200W BK Electronics amplifier.
>
>Friday 29 October
>
>Spent the evening threading a thin wire along the kite twine and making
>a winder (a bit like a large fishing reel).
>
>Saturday 30 October
>
>Tried the kite out in my preferred location, a large empty car park near
>the beach, just inside a steep sided valley. No luck, like the two
>previous attempts at this location the kite was all over the place and
>kept coming down.
>
>Sunday 31 October
>
>Weather was very windy but dry. Took kite and mast with me, and all the
>gear. Plenty of time available as the clocks had just changed.
>
>To my surprise, the kite flew immediately. Held by a bungee cord (thanks
>to G3YXM for that suggestion), it stayed up at an angle of between 45
>and 60 degrees for over two hours. I ran out 100m of wire along the
>ground as a counterpoise.
>
>It took over 45 minutes to get the tuning right, start the generator and
>get some current into the antenna. Only 1 amp compared to the 1.7A I get
>at home (possibly because I force cool the amplifier at home).
>
>Sounded good on receive with the Greek RTTY at S7 and Loran clearly
>audible. By 0956, I was ready to put out a CQ.
>
>Worked everyone I heard: GW4ALG (gave 579, got 589); GB2CPM (589/589);
>G0AKY (incomplete); PA0SE (559/259 incomplete); G6RO (559/579).
>
>I put out one callsign "GW3XDV" on QRSs on 137.7kHz in case OK1FIG was
>watching, but I had no receive capability.
>
>At 1100 part of the antenna brushed against the car, sparked across and
>melted the insulation on the thin wire. Worse, the nylon cord melted and
>broke. I came very close to losing the kite as it was held only by the
>few strands of wire. Fortunately they held and I was able to make
>repairs.
>
>This was even more fortunate as the next QSO was SM6PXJ at 1407km (my
>previous best DX from that site was 420km). I finally worked G3AQC
>(569/579) and packed up, well pleased with the expedition.
>
>Next time, I will make sure the antenna is well clear of the car, but
>you can expect some more kite operations from Pembrokeshire.
>
>--
>Mike, G3XDV
>http://www.dennison.demon.co.uk/activity.htm
>
>



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Alan Melia" <Alan.Melia@btinternet.com>
To: "rsgb_lf_group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: re Meteors at LF?
Date: Wed, 3 Nov 1999 19:35:22 -0000
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The only things I remember seeing about meteor effects at these frequencies
are 'sweepers' or 'swishers' and I think these are heard at much lower
frequencies. I think these may be the effect of ionisation caused as the
meteor enters the atmosphere. I suggest that the trail would have to be
sufficiently highly ionised over a good 2 to 3 kms to refect 136kHz. I
suppose one could monitor distant BC signals for 'pings'. I suggest you have
a browse on the Long Wave Club of America web site, there are lots of
interesting non-amateur things on there and descriptions of how and where to
listen.
Do let us know if you hear anything interesting!
Cheers de Alan G3NYK



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Thu, 4 Nov 1999 10:43:44 EST
Subject: LF: LF report from Gibraltar  2 of 2
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Licensing 136kHz.

Gibraltar has about 15 licensed radio amateurs and due of the small size of 
the community, has a very good relationship with the local Department of 
Trade and Industry.

Although ZB2 generally follows the licence allocations of the UK, there are 
differences and new allocations must be approved at a local DTI frequency 
co-ordination meeting.  136kHz is not yet available mainly because no one has 
requested it!
ZB2 does not operate the CEPT agreement ( despite being told otherwise by 
RSGB) and if you want to operate from Gibraltar then you need to obtain a 
reciprocal licence. This will be ZB2/ own call for A licensees or ZB0 / own 
call for B licensees.  The new A/B has not been approved yet and is likely to 
be implemented differently from the UK.  The only practical difference from 
CEPT operation is that, as you have a defined station address, you don't have 
to use the  /P suffix.
The licence document is a rather nice A4 sheet which also contains some local 
restrictions. e.g. No operation on the "Upper Rock"  - Due to the numerous 
communications installations.

I met the  DTI at their offices at Europort and the local GARS club members 
at their regular Tuesday meeting. -  I hope I gave a good account of 136k.
Licensing the band should be discussed at the next meeting of the frequency 
co-ordination group, ( every 6 months) although I get the impression that 
this will be successful if supported by the Gibraltar club.

For information:     
Wireless office (Gibraltar DTI)   00350 52052   09.00 to 12.30
GARS  -  Wilfred  ZB2IB          00350 75452.   ZB2IB@gibnet.gi
There is also a GARS web site.  URL not known - sri


Propagation into the Southern Med'.

During my visit I tried to assess the potential for 136k communication by 
monitoring some of the well known "beacons" :    DCF39  on 138.83,   MSF on 
60.0kHz  BBC on 198k and the Swiss time standard on 77.5k

BBC 198k:  Although strong, S9 + 20, this signal suffers from co-channel QRM 
which is at a similar signal level. - Essentially unusable without a loop.

77.5k.   An enormous signal from frequency standard station. Stronger than 
it's received in the UK although a longer path length. ( Sea path and reduced 
attenuation?)

MSF and DCF39 (sorry can't ever remember if it's DBF or DCF).

To make a useful measurement of signal levels without a selective level meter 
is a difficult task. My receiver for the visit was an ICOM 756 which does 
have a reliable 6 / 12 /18dB attenuator and a spectrum display, which has a 
reasonable calibration  albeit "relative" and not absolute. The signals on 
138.83 and 60kHz were weaker than the two above and were more suited to 
measurement.  Both signals were audible 24hrs a day at good strength and 
showed similar propagation characteristics.

Over the past few months there have been several postings to the reflector 
about the levels of day / night time signal strengths.  At a minimum distance 
of  1800km, (a guess) listening to these two stations clearly showed a 
distinct, as opposed to marginal, difference between day and night time 
propagation.

On 138.83 the German data signal could be received from dawn throughout the 
day at about S8 -S9 with a background noise level of S4.

Monitoring at night showed an increase throughout the hours of darkness 
peaking at 02.30 to 04.00.  Signal levels began to drop at around 2 hours 
before dawn.

The signal level difference was around 8-10 dB in general but a peak one 
morning at 03.45UTC was estimated at +12db on daytime levels and + 4dB on the 
level seen between 22.00 and 00.00hrs the previous night.

The only other anomaly of note was a single deep fade 8dB peak to trough, 
which took a full 15 minutes from start to finish and occurred between 23.30 
and 23.45 one evening. Unfortunately I did not have the time or technology to 
keep monitoring or recording the signal to see if this recurred on a regular 
basis.

QRM?
After unplugging a TV from the mains ( to disconnect the SMPSU) the band was 
fairly QRM free.  Loran on 100k can be seen but no obvious trace could be 
found on 137k.
The Greek RTTY station was ever-present, but the strongest signal close to 
the band was at 145.00k. This was 20dB stronger than 138.83 and appeared as 
data with a +/- 35Hz shift.
The only in-band QRM was a pulsing signal centred on 137.370. This had about 
48 short pulses per minute arranged in groups of 5. Each pulse was followed 
by a short burst of data. The groups were separated by a small gap. I have no 
idea what this was, but it was weak.

So overall, an interesting time. For those looking for differences in signal 
level on 138.83  It could be that you are not far enough away to see any 
significant change due to non ground wave propagation modes......but at 
1800km+  it's there to see.

I have recorded some .wav files of MSF on 60kHz and 138.83 as heard at night 
in Gibraltar.  I can send those to anyone who may be interested and I will 
add the spectrogram images to my web site in a week or so.


Vy  73


David.    No longer  ZB2/G0MRF


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: G0MRF@aol.com
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Subject: LF: LF report from Gibraltar.   1 of 2
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
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For the last week I've been on a "playing radio" holiday in Southern Spain 
and Gib'.

My 8 days were split evenly between Gibraltar and the Spanish town of Nerja 
which is about 50km East of Malaga.  The main radio event of the week was the 
CQWW SSB contest over the 30/31 Oct.  During those two days Tony, A45ZN, and 
I were at The Caleta hotel on the Mediterranean side of the rock, a good 
location for Europe and Asia and far away from the noise in the centre of 
town. The Caleta is an 8 story building and had given permission to put 
antennas on the roof during our stay. Although I was not able to listen on LF 
during the 48hrs of the contest, two stations  IK5ZPV and G3WSC had offered 
to provide beacon transmissions in the early morning about an hour after dawn.

Gibraltar 1/11/99. 07.00 - 07.15
I was listening for Valerio, IK5ZPV with a 160 foot wire antenna mounted on 
the hotel roof and running down at an angle of about 60 degrees.
Unfortunately I had arranged all the QRS transmissions to be in the early 
morning period about an hour or so after dawn. Surprisingly, this turned out 
to be probably the worst possible time for the test.   - ( See other posting 
on propagation etc. )
Out of the 15  minutes I managed to receive a few signals on the correct 
frequency, but not enough to confirm the identity of the call or even a full 
morse character. (excluding an E or I which don't count!) The path length was 
about 1500km and was mainly over water. I had been fairly hopeful that this 
would have succeeded, but it was not to be.  Thanks Valerio.

Nerja  Spain   3/11/99  IK5ZPV  / G3WSC.

This time located at a small villa 2km out of town and about 250m ASL.
Antenna again a long wire 150 feet long (GVC style) running horizontally from 
the top of the building to a nearby olive grove.
Of the two possible signals I viewed Derek and Lech's transmission from the 
Crawley club as a very long shot....2000km mainly overland. However, this 
time there was no sign of IK5ZPV on 137.710 but  at 09.10 I saw some 
"straight lines" appearing out of the blue / black haze on the G3WSC 
frequency. At best I received two well defined dots of the "S" with the third 
broken by local impulse noise. About 30 seconds later a dash and dot but then 
nothing......Oh well.    It was one of those situations where there's not 
enough of a complete signal to identify, but if you looked at the screen, you 
would immediately see where the data was appearing.  I think at the right 
time of day and with EA7 or ZB2 op's licensed, LF QSOs to the Southern Med 
area will be possible but difficult.

Thanks to Valerio, - and Derek and Lech for putting the stations on-air.

73   

David   G0MRF   


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Stewart Bryant" <stewart.bryant@virgin.net>
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There is a good analysis of the CFA ("Crossed Field Antenna") that has
been written up by Prof. Jefferies at University of Surrey which he has
posted on the web at

 http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Personal/D.Jefferies/poynting.html

Regards

Stewart G3YSX



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: tony@fdn.co.uk
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Subject: Re: LF: Crossed Field Antenna
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On 5 Nov 99, at 21:09, Stewart Bryant wrote:
> There is a good analysis of the CFA ("Crossed Field Antenna") that has
> been written up by Prof. Jefferies at University of Surrey which he has
> posted on the web at 
>  http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Personal/D.Jefferies/poynting.html 
> Regards 
> Stewart G3YSX
Thanks for that info: an interesting technical analysis indeed !
Personally, here in Brentwood Essex, there has been good 
reception of both Radio Minsk and the more interesting Ashkhabad 
Turkmenistan on 279Khz AM this year; and I do not view with any 
enthusiasm the prospect of another west-european pop-music type 
broadcaster on the long wave band obliterating the DX, - 
http://www.279longwave.com/coverage-map.html , so it's 
interesting to read some solid theorising around the inefficiency of 
Crossed Field Antennas.  Sounds like the Isle of Man 279khz LF 
station could be thermally really warm for staff all through the 
winter, if its antenna proves as inefficient as hypothesised !
   But a CFA in the back garden for 136khz, that might be 
intersting :-) 
73s de Tony G3ZRH 
 




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Dick Rollema" <d.w.rollema@gironet.nl>
To: "LF-Group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: Dangerous virus
Date: Sat, 6 Nov 1999 10:03:12 +0100
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<HEAD>

<META content=text/html;charset=iso-8859-1 http-equiv=Content-Type><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD W3 HTML//EN">
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<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=4>To All,</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=4></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=4>When you receive an e-mail wityh attachment 
<FONT color=#ff0000>How to Give a Cat a Colonic <FONT color=#000000>do not open 
it. It will immediately destroy the data on your hard disk. The virus is 
new&nbsp; and is not yet recognized by a virus scanner. 
</FONT></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=4><FONT color=#ff0000><FONT color=#000000>This 
info comes from IBM.</FONT></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=4><FONT color=#ff0000><FONT 
color=#000000></FONT></FONT></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=4><FONT color=#ff0000><FONT color=#000000>Warn 
other people!</FONT></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=4><FONT color=#ff0000><FONT 
color=#000000></FONT></FONT></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=4>73, Dick, PA0SE</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=4><FONT color=#ff0000><FONT 
color=#000000></FONT></FONT></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=4><FONT color=#ff0000><FONT 
color=#000000></FONT></FONT></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV></BODY></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Dave" <dave@picks.force9.co.uk>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
References: <001001bf2835$e5e48640$fb97b38f@w8k3f0>
Subject: LF: Re: Dangerous virus
Date: Sat, 6 Nov 1999 14:36:52 -0000
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<DIV><FONT size=2>I don't think this is genuine but my cat is looking 
worried!</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2>Dave G3YXM.</FONT></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE 
style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px">
  <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">
  <DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=4></FONT></DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
  <DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=4>When you receive an e-mail wityh attachment 
  <FONT color=#ff0000>How to Give a Cat a Colonic <FONT color=#000000>do not 
  open it. It will immediately destroy the data on your hard disk. The virus is 
  new&nbsp; and is not yet recognized by a virus scanner. 
  </FONT></FONT></FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=4><FONT color=#ff0000><FONT color=#000000>This 
  info comes from IBM.</FONT></FONT></FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=4><FONT color=#ff0000><FONT 
  color=#000000></FONT></FONT></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
  <DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=4><FONT color=#ff0000><FONT color=#000000>Warn 
  other people!</FONT></FONT></FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=4><FONT color=#ff0000><FONT 
  color=#000000></FONT></FONT></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
  <DIV><FONT size=4>73, Dick, PA0SE</FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=4><FONT color=#ff0000><FONT 
  color=#000000></FONT></FONT></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
  <DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=4><FONT color=#ff0000><FONT 
  color=#000000></FONT></FONT></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></BODY></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Message-ID: <002f01bf28a0$880d13a0$de46a8c0@unica.co.uk>
From: "Peter Bowyer" <peter@unica.co.uk>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
References: <001001bf2835$e5e48640$fb97b38f@w8k3f0> <005b01bf2864$5f705060$0600a8c0@main>
Subject: LF: Re: Re: Dangerous virus
Date: Sat, 6 Nov 1999 21:47:30 -0000
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<DIV><FONT size=2>It's a hoax. Please don't perpetuate it.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><A 
href="http://www.datafellows.com/hoaxes/catcolon.htm">http://www.datafellows.com/hoaxes/catcolon.htm</A></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2>Peter G4MJS</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE 
style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px">
  <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message ----- </DIV>
  <DIV 
  style="BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; FONT: 10pt arial; font-color: black"><B>From:</B> 
  <A href="mailto:dave@picks.force9.co.uk" 
  title=dave@picks.force9.co.uk>Dave</A> </DIV>
  <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B> <A 
  href="mailto:rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org" 
  title=rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org</A> </DIV>
  <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B> 06 November 1999 14:36</DIV>
  <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B> LF: Re: Dangerous virus</DIV>
  <DIV><BR></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT size=2>I don't think this is genuine but my cat is looking 
  worried!</FONT></DIV>
  <DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
  <DIV><FONT size=2>Dave G3YXM.</FONT></DIV>
  <BLOCKQUOTE 
  style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px">
    <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">
    <DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=4></FONT></DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
    <DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=4>When you receive an e-mail wityh attachment 
    <FONT color=#ff0000>How to Give a Cat a Colonic <FONT color=#000000>do not 
    open it. It will immediately destroy the data on your hard disk. The virus 
    is new&nbsp; and is not yet recognized by a virus scanner. 
    </FONT></FONT></FONT></DIV>
    <DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=4><FONT color=#ff0000><FONT color=#000000>This 
    info comes from IBM.</FONT></FONT></FONT></DIV>
    <DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=4><FONT color=#ff0000><FONT 
    color=#000000></FONT></FONT></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
    <DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=4><FONT color=#ff0000><FONT color=#000000>Warn 
    other people!</FONT></FONT></FONT></DIV>
    <DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=4><FONT color=#ff0000><FONT 
    color=#000000></FONT></FONT></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
    <DIV><FONT size=4>73, Dick, PA0SE</FONT></DIV>
    <DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=4><FONT color=#ff0000><FONT 
    color=#000000></FONT></FONT></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
    <DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=4><FONT color=#ff0000><FONT 
    color=#000000></FONT></FONT></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE></BODY></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Dave" <dave@picks.force9.co.uk>
To: "LF Group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: GD expedition.
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Dear all,

G0MRF, G3XTZ and myself will be travelling to the Isle of Man on Friday 19th
Nov. We will be on 136kHz (and poss 73kHz) on Saturday, Sunday and some of
Monday morning. We are hoping to have a good signal on tx and want to make
as many QSOs as possible over the weekend. Receive performance will be the
limiting factor and we won't know about that until we get there. We will try
our best on both normal CW, QRSS and even PSK31 if required. More details
will follow.
Contact any of us for skeds.

73, Dave G3YXM.



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Dave" <dave@picks.force9.co.uk>
To: "LF Group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: GI news
Date: Sun, 7 Nov 1999 22:45:00 -0000
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Dear all,

Mal, GI3KEV has erected a good antenna at his Cookstown QTH and hopes to
borrow GI3PDN's Ropex TX on Wednesday. He will then be QRV until the weekend
when EI0CF may arrive at the station with some more gear.
More news as I get it.

73, Dave G3YXM.



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Alan Melia" <Alan.Melia@btinternet.com>
To: "rsgb_lf_group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: DXCluster and LWL reports  w/e 6/7th Nov
Date: Sun, 7 Nov 1999 22:59:57 -0000
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Although my local DX Cluster is now back to full operation, there was a
rather disappointing lack of spots on 136kHz again this week . Maybe I need
to wake it up again with some entries from sunny Suffolk. My local noise
level seems a lot better since mid week (maybe my neighbours have gone on a
Saga!!) Static levels seemed to be lower until Friday, but the weekend
didn't seem to be too bad, though there are still quite a lot of crunches.
Also some DIY electric tool qrm, but fortunately only short bursts. Some
work on my aerial has yielded 18dB more signal out of the loop now (DCF39
now S9+9), and a slightly better S/N (though not 18dB!!) I think. A new
higher Q loop has been wound but is not operational yet.

Wed 5th Nov
Enormous signal from Lec and Derek on G3WSC ....about the strongest I ever
heard on the band, but to no avail I hear, Dave only caught some odd
snatches of the QRS signal in Gib.
G8RW at 0917z on normal cw
G6NB at 1541z cq
DJ6FU on 136.5kHz at 1643 with CQ
G3AQC on 136.5 at 1732z with a nice signal
Also heard during the evening G8rw agn and G3LDO
PA0BWL with a QRS cq on 137.7 at 2213z qrm from what looked like PSK31

Thurs 4th Nov
G8RW at 1508z on 136.55kHz CQ The signal was varying in strength a lot and
being corrupted...possible a case of the dreaded flashover, and window
frames catching fire!
1914z PSK31 I think maybe QPSK (4 tones anyway) on 137.61kHz
2024 PSK31 from G3YXM and 2 replies!! too weak to copy (No spectrogram
capture I'm afraid) One reply was exactly on Dave's frequency and fairly
short (45sec transmission) there was another signal about 20Hz lower which
transmitted for about 3 to 4 mins both weak and not decoded.
2228 QRS cq PA0BWL on 137.62 'O' and audible at +10dB S/N so copiable on
hand keyed morse.

Fri 5th Nov.
G8RW at 0906z CQ
GW4ALG CQ at 1516z answered by G3AQC
G3YXM on PSK31 2030 and 2040

Sat 6th Nov.
No QRS logged at all which is unusual.
PA0SE 0932z CQ  nice signal from Dick 20dB S/N on FFTDSP4 but it is mainly
water between us!
DK8KW wkg PA0SE at 1105z on 136.7kHz
GW4ALG wkg G4GVC at 1650z  Steve was noticably weaker when he called CQ at
1746z on 136.36 probably after dark here.

Sun 7th Nov.
QRS CQ from PA2NJN at 0848z 'O'
G6RO wkg G4GVC also hrd GW4ALG and G3YXM It was too nice to spend too much
time in the shack for this time of year so spent most of the day in the
garden.
Weak PSK31 reply to Dave on 136.206kHz could have been OH1TN but too weak to
decode, and very short transmissions at about 2024z (spectrogram window
captured)

DX Cluster spots as follows
G3NYK de GB7DXM     7-Nov-1999 1808Z    Type H or ? for help >
   136.8  G4GVC        7-Nov-1999 0851Z  329 in jn48wl
<DL1SAN>
   136.8  DK8KW        7-Nov-1999 0846Z
<DL1SAN>
G3NYK de GB7DXM    7-Nov 1809Z >
  1800.0  DL1SAN       7-Nov-1999 1035Z       137   rst 559
<DJ1RL>
  1800.0  DL3FDO      30-Oct-1999 0918Z      136.6Khz
<DJ1RL>
G3NYK de GB7DXM    7-Nov 1810Z >

Cheers de Alan G3NYK
Alan.Melia@btinternet.com






From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "kate moore" <mek@leicester.ac.uk>
To: "lfgroup" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: Weekend report
Date: Mon, 8 Nov 1999 08:24:27 -0000
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Stations worked here during the weekend on 136kHz using normal speed CW:

Saturday 6/11
 GW4ALG (16.39:UT gave him 599, he gave me 599).

Sunday 7/11
 DK8KW (08.40: 569, 569), PA0SE (09.05: 579, 579), G6RO (09.23: 57/89, 599),
 G3YXM (09.40: 59+9, 59+9), HB9ASB (10.09: 579, 579), OH1TN (10.29: 569,
 539 peaking 559), G3XTZ (17.47: 599, 599).

I've been QRT for a while as we were away in Cyprus letting the sunshine
warm us up instead of the RF! We met up with a small number of 5B amateurs
and I did a short spell of HF operating out there, but didn't manage to find
a station which could receive 136kHz, nor get much enthusiasm for LF from
those I spoke to. Pity, as Cyprus would be a very interesting distance to
achieve as we all ponder crossing the Atlantic.........

When we got back, the (cold!) foul weather discouraged me from re-rigging
the
antenna until Saturday afternoon, so all I worked until Sunday was Steve,
who kindly gave me a report to confirm all was well.

I got up around 08.00UT Sunday morning; initial calls raised nothing
although I noticed the 'sprog' from the German data signal on 135.36kHz was
much stronger than usual, giving a very healthy reading on the S-meter.
After
a quick breakfast, another call raised Geri, who was an excellent signal and
gave me an equally good report in return - our best QSO so far. (How about
swapping QSLs for that one, Geri?) Whilst this suggested conditions were
enhanced, the following contact with Dick was quite normal, as were the
'local' ones with Ron and Dave. After taking a short break, I returned to
find Steve working Toni, who was a monster signal - by far the strongest I
have ever heard him during the day, and stronger than many G stations!
When Steve had finished I also worked Toni, swapping excellent reports, and
then Dave 'YXM worked him, although signals were dropping off a little by
then.

Encouraged by this, I moved back up the band and started calling CQ. The
second call raised Reino, who was also a good signal, despite it being mid
morning and broad daylight. My initial report from him was 539, but after
my second over he said I had peaked 559. A little later I monitored Dave
working Fred DJ5DI and Nico PA2NJN (both slightly weaker than I usually hear
them) and then working Reino who had also dropped an S-point here.

LF conditions were obviously quite disturbed, but checking the solar data on
the local Cluster provided no particular clues as to why. Anyone else have
any observations or ideas?


         Regards  John G4GVC near Leicester, IO92JP

    **  TX: Synth + 400W RF from modified 'G3YXM' Mosfet PA           **
    **  RX: TS-850S with 3 x CW filters and 0.5ppm TCXO               **
    **  Ant: Inv-L 60m long, 6m high at feed end, 12m high at far end **



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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A couple of weeks ago Dick, PA0SE, passed on some information about a 
hardware solution for PSK31.

I've received this URL  information from Clint, KA7OEI, 




In a message dated 11/7/99 5:13:43 GMT Standard Time, turner@vsat.ussc.com 
writes:

<< Subj:     Re:  PSK31
 Date:  11/7/99 5:13:43 GMT Standard Time
 From:  turner@vsat.ussc.com (Clint Turner)
 To:    G0MRF@aol.com
 
 Hello, David.
 
 
 I have placed details of the PSK31 MF transmitter at:
 
 http://www.ussc.com/~turner/psk_medfer.html
 
 While this deals specifically with MedFER use, it does touch upon
 modifications for LowFER use.  Thanks to you, I'll include information on
 use on 136 KHz.
 
 Let me know if you have any questions.
 
 73,
 
 Clint
 KA7OEI
  >>


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "kate moore" <mek@leicester.ac.uk>
To: "lfgroup" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: First G to GI QSO
Date: Mon, 8 Nov 1999 16:34:23 -0000
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Worked Ray, GI3PDN, today at 12.02UT - his first ever QSO on LF. His signals
were excellent 579 so we chatted for 45 minutes. Look out for him on the
Ropex frequency.

73 John G4GVC




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Mike Dennison" <mike@dennison.demon.co.uk>
Subject: LF: GI
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After a few days off the air (had one day back at work after my holiday
then went down with a huge migraine, and then put my back out!), I
worked GI3PDN for country number 11. He is a good signal with his 23m
high antenna, and will give many their first GI.
-- 
Mike, G3XDV
IO91VT
http://www.dennison.demon.co.uk/activity.htm


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Just a few brief notes that may be of interest . . .

Following the pruning of two trees in my neighbour's garden, the feed
impedance of my 12 m vertical (at the cold end of my loading coil) has
reduced from 130 to 100 ohms, and reports on my signal indicate an
improvement of between 2 and 4 dB (thanks to Dave G3YMC and John G4GVC
for these comparative reports).  When using the additional 8 m of
balloon-supported wire, the feed impedance has changed from 100 ohms
(before pruning) to 75 ohms.

Initial results with a noise canceller on local sources of interference
have been most encouraging.  Based on an idea by VK5BR (RadCom, March
1993, p34), I constructed the phase-shift network and hybrid transformer
using 3C85 toroids.
- under test conditions, a sine wave can be nulled by greater than 50
dB;
- my strongest noise source (possibly a light dimmer), which, since
mid-1998, has prevented me operating in the evenings can now be reduced
from S9 to less than S5;
- a combination of phase/amplitude settings, which take about 40 seconds
to optimise, can only null out one interfering signal at a time, for a
given receive antenna;
- the number of significant noise sources at my QTH has increased from 1
to 3 over the past 4 months;
- an untuned length of wire, about 10 m long, and located in the loft
[attic] in proximity to mains wiring seems to be make a good noise sense
antenna for nulling out interference received on my vertical antenna.
- the 10 m wire does not always provide sufficient noise to null out
interference heard while using my 60 m single-turn delta loop antenna.

I regret to report that, during a recent telephone conversation with Stu
GW3XYW, I learnt that Roy GW3ITD is now a silent key.  Roy died in early
October.  Many in the LF Group will know of Roy's interest in the LF
bands, either through QSOs on 136 kHz, or via the early LF nets.
Indeed, it was his enthusiasm that sparked Stu's interest in 136 kHz.


Regards to all,
Steve GW4ALG



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The operation from Amberley museum had a bit of a setback. A tractor 
got tangled up in the antenna downlead, which brought the antenna 
down. I went up there last Sunday to fix it and found that the 
antenna had dissapeared, together with the valuable end insulators.
I think that the work so far can be regarded as a test and that the 
next antenna will be larger and better engineered. I will be making a 
survey this Friday and hope to get the antenna completed the following week. 

In the report of stations worked from GB2CPM I gave PA0CWP 449/459. 
This should have been PA0BWL, I had it correct in the log (sorry Wil)

The test GB2CPM antenna appears to be 1-2 'S' points up on the 
antenna at G3LDO in spite of the inefficent counterpoise.


I will be handling the GB2CPM QSL cards from G3LDO.

-- 
Regards, Peter, G3LDO

<g3ldo@zetnet.co.uk>







From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Johan Bodin" <sm6lkm.jbeab@swipnet.se>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: LF: OH1TN active on PSK31
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Hello all,

Yesterday, around 2100 UTC, I heard a signal on 136.16 kHz
that sounded like PSK31. I started the PSK31 program which
immediately printed "CQ CQ CQ DE OH1TN OH1TN OH1TN".

73

Johan, SM6LKM




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Hej Johan! Jag hörde också men trodde att det var nåt skräp. Ja då blir
det att starta psk31. Funderar hur noga det är med linjäritet?    73 de
L-B 4DHN( när kör vi QSO ?)

Johan Bodin skrev:

> Hello all,
>
> Yesterday, around 2100 UTC, I heard a signal on 136.16 kHz
> that sounded like PSK31. I started the PSK31 program which
> immediately printed "CQ CQ CQ DE OH1TN OH1TN OH1TN".
>
> 73
>
> Johan, SM6LKM



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Dave" <dave@picks.force9.co.uk>
To: "LF Group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: PSK31
Date: Wed, 10 Nov 1999 23:16:15 -0000
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Dear all.

Apologies to all those who wondered what the warbly carrier around 136.2kHz
was these past few evenings (especially to those I accidentally QRM'd by
coming up on 136.5 tonight, oops..). It was PSK31 tests with OH1TN, he asked
me to use the low end of the band as the top end is too noisy over there.
Tonight we finally made it and the first PSK31 QSO from G/OH was made at
2240 on 10/11/99. This is also the longest distance worked on PSK31 on LF,
about 1800km I think.
If anyone else wants a go I'd be happy to try but it appears you have to
have a pretty good CW copy before it will work.
Reino also says to look out for OH3LYG who is now QRV on CW.

73, Dave G3YXM.



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Subject: LF: Nighttime propagation
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On 4 Nov 99, at 10:43, G0MRF@aol.com wrote:

> Monitoring at night [in ZB2] showed an increase throughout the hours of darkness 
> peaking at 02.30 to 04.00.  Signal levels began to drop at around 2 hours 
> before dawn.
> 
> The signal level difference was around 8-10 dB in general but a peak one 
> morning at 03.45UTC was estimated at +12db on daytime levels and + 4dB on the 
> level seen between 22.00 and 00.00hrs the previous night.
> 
> The only other anomaly of note was a single deep fade 8dB peak to trough, 
> which took a full 15 minutes from start to finish and occurred between 23.30 
> and 23.45 one evening. Unfortunately I did not have the time or technology to 
> keep monitoring or recording the signal to see if this recurred on a regular 
> basis.
> 

Beware of applying HF theories to this fading pattern. That's thge 
mistake I made when noticing an unexpected fade, rather than peak, 
during the eclipse.

Because ground wave is present as well (not something we get at 
HF at any distance) any sky wave will result in =either= an 
enhancement or a decrease in signal. Both indicate the presence of 
sky-wave and are therefore potentially good news. I think this is the 
reason why there is often a discrepancy between what differently 
sited stations are hearing - often someone has reported that he 
received improved signals whilst someone else says they are worse.

I now call CQ when DCF39 is 10dB weaker than its ground wave, as 
well as when it is 10dB stronger!

As regards day and night differences, I receive the Greek RTTY at 
S9+ all night but very weak or inaudible during the day. I also 
noticed that when I worked IK5ZPV using QRSs just before lunch, 
he was inaudible, whilst at 1900UTC his normal CW was S5. Note 
that, although people have worked OH1TN during the UK daytime, 
there is very little sun to enhance the damaging D layer as far north 
as Finland in the winter.

As has been commented before, it will be useful to start some night 
time DX tests (anyone who used 160m in the sixties will remember 
the sort of thing I mean). The important thing is to coordinate 
activity. I would be willing to come on the air very early in the 
morning (or very late at night) if there were a good chance of some 
DX being around. I guess that since the QSOs will all be within 
Europe for the moment, we need a slot between 0200 and 0300 UTC 
(I am already regretting suggesting it !!!). The later in the year, the 
later the time we can have it. Perhaps a test on the second Sunday 
morning in each month in November, December, January and 
February, lasting from 0000 to 0600UTC (so you can either stay up 
late or get up early). Any takers?

Mike, G3XDV (IO91VT)
http://www.dennison.demon.co.uk/activity.htm



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Dick Rollema" <d.w.rollema@gironet.nl>
To: "LF-Group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>, 
 "Hans Peltzer, PA0HRP" <peltzer@gironet.nl>,
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Subject: LF: Fw: Calculating surface wave by AO
Date: Thu, 11 Nov 1999 20:47:33 +0100
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To All from PA0SE

-----Oorspronkelijk bericht-----
Van: Brian Beezley <k6sti@n2.net>
Aan: Dick Rollema <d.w.rollema@gironet.nl>
Datum: donderdag 11 november 1999 15:34
Onderwerp: Re: Calculating surface wave by AO


>At 01:38 PM 11/11/99 +0100, you wrote:
>>Dear Brian,
>>
>>Already several years ago I bought AO 6.36 and NEC/WIRES 1.62 from you and
>keep on using it frequently with very satisfactory results.
>>
>>My main activity is now on our new LF-band 135.7 - 138.8 kHz. During
>daylight hours contacts are mainly by means of the surface wave and though
>AO does not compute that I wonder whether by some trick it I still could
>find out something about it.
>>
>>For the benefit of EZNEC users I have asked Roy Lewallen the same question
>and he says that the near field option in reality computes the total field
>so outside the real near field region the surface wave is approximated.
>>
>>I presume AO does the same. As a kind of check I had AO compute the "near
>field" at the maximum range of 10 km and found that E/H = 120*pi so it
>certainly was outside the near field region.
>>
>>Thank you for your answer which I will put on the e-mail reflector of the
>RSGB LF-Group.
>>
>>73, Dick, PA0SE
>>
>>
>
>
>No version of AO computes the surface wave but NEC/Wires 2.0 does.
>
>
>Brian
>



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Mike G3XDV wrote:

> As has been commented before, it will be useful to start some night
> time DX tests (anyone who used 160m in the sixties will remember
> the sort of thing I mean). . . . . .  Any takers?
>

Definitely!  I would be pleased to do a stint during any 2 hour slot.  But, currently,
I am most interested in the 03:00 to 05:00 period.

(In addition, skeds would be appreciated with any individual DX station who would like
to try a test using normal-speed CW during the period 03:00 - 05:00 UT on a Saturday
or Sunday.)

Regards to all,
Steve GW4ALG




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Yesterday evening I listened between 2000 and 2200 and the QRN 
was very bad again, but it was noticeable that EI0CF at 479 and 
MM0ALM at 599 were two s-points up on their normal daytime 
signals. They are both about 650km from me and it is likely that 
there was some sky-wave involved. It seems that QSOs with 
Germany and beyond should be fairly easy under such conditions.

Listening at 0230 (insomnia struck!), I found the Greek RTTY 10dB 
up on the normal evening signal.



Mike, G3XDV (IO91VT)
http://www.dennison.demon.co.uk/activity.htm



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Fri, 12 Nov 1999 11:41:41
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: "Rik Strobbe" <rik.strobbe@fys.kuleuven.ac.be>
Subject: LF: propagation 11 november
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Last night arround 22.20 UT I could hear MM0ALM with an extremely strong
signal (569). He was in QSO with G3GRO (549 here). At the same time both
DCF39 (DBF39) was about 10dB above normal and 'the Greek' even about 20dB.
Unfortunately I was just doing some minor changes at the PA and couldn't
call Dave, but it is good to have the 'winter-propagation' back (although
QRN is still quite strong).

73, Rik  ON7YD


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Date: Fri, 12 Nov 1999 11:56:37
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: "Rik Strobbe" <rik.strobbe@fys.kuleuven.ac.be>
Subject: LF: A-index
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Regarding the strong signals last night : the A-index suddently had rissen
from 13 at 18UT to 30 at 21UT.
There must have been some magnetic instability for the last days as on my
flight from Chicago to Brussels I could see auroa while flying over eastern
Canada (on 10 nov. arround 06UT).

73, Rik  ON7YD


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Koenig, Wolfgang" <Wolfgang.Koenig@vs.dasa.de>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: AW: LF: Nighttime propagation
Date: Fri, 12 Nov 1999 11:47:44 +0100
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Hallo Group,

I´m interested in early morning test´s too. If there are any concrete times
please let me know. Due to this e-mail adress is at work, I cannot read the
mails coming from the reflector after 14:00 utc. Try to send a mail to
dl1san@yohoo.com.

73 de DL1SAN

http://www.qsl.net/dl1san/


> ----------
> Von: 	Steve Rawlings[SMTP:steve.rawlings@cableol.co.uk]
> Antwort an: 	rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
> Gesendet: 	Donnerstag, 11. November 1999 21:22
> An: 	rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
> Betreff: 	Re: LF: Nighttime propagation
> 
> Mike G3XDV wrote:
> 
> > As has been commented before, it will be useful to start some night
> > time DX tests (anyone who used 160m in the sixties will remember
> > the sort of thing I mean). . . . . .  Any takers?
> >
> 
> Definitely!  I would be pleased to do a stint during any 2 hour slot.
> But, currently,
> I am most interested in the 03:00 to 05:00 period.
> 
> (In addition, skeds would be appreciated with any individual DX station
> who would like
> to try a test using normal-speed CW during the period 03:00 - 05:00 UT on
> a Saturday
> or Sunday.)
> 
> Regards to all,
> Steve GW4ALG
> 
> 
> 


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Fri, 12 Nov 1999 17:15:39
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: "Rik Strobbe" <rik.strobbe@fys.kuleuven.ac.be>
Subject: LF: visual-CW
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Visual-CW (or slow-CW or QRSS) has become a rather popular mode on LF. 
It has 2 very important advantages :
1. signal far beyond the audible 'triggerlevel' are detectable, allwing
QSO's that would have been not possible with any other mode
2. is has a very narrow bandwidth, signals only a few Hz apart can easily
be separated
The main disadvantage is the transmission speed as the most elementary QSO
takes already half an hour.

I have been thinking about the possibilities to enhance the transmission
speed without reducing the advantages of visual CW and did some mind (or
paper) experiments :

Assume the following (very basic) QSO :
- CQ ON7YD K
- ON7YD G3XDV K
- G3XDV OOO K
- ON7YD OOO TU K
- GL SK

At a speed of 3 seconds per dot this QSO will take 27 min. 42 sec.
(assuming no 'time-loss' between the transmissions).

Since visual-CW is derived from 'normal' CW we use the same morse code that
was optimized for reception by ear. It has also some 'built-in
intelligence' as the most frequent characters are short, but for visual-CW
where mainly calsigns are exchanged (where the character-distribution is
rather random) is this not so important. An important advantage of morse
code is that we easily can 'decode' it visualy. Most of us would need a
kind of translation-tabels for visual decodation of any other (eg. ASCII)
code, what is not so convenient.

Without abandoning the morse code and the way of visual decoding we are
used to so far, some time can be won by reducing the dash/dot ratio from
3/1 to 2/1.
While this 3/1 ratio is very essential for decoding by ear there is no real
advantage of the 3/1 vs. 2/1 ratio in visual decoding, the signal is
perfectly 'readable', it just looks a bit odd.
But what do we win ? The above QSO, still at 3sec. per dot but with a 2/1
dash/dot ratio would take 22 min. 24 sec, a gain of 5 min. 18 sec. or an
increase in speed of 24%.
The advantage is that only minor changes are involved, but there is only a
limited gain.

Another alternative is replacing the discrimation of dashes and dots from
the time-domain to the frequency domain. This would mean that 'dashes' and
'dots' have the same length (3 seconds) but that they are transmitted on
different frequencies. Since in visual-CW the frequency discrimination is
very high a shift of 5Hz (or even less) is sufficient. Using this technique
we do not need the 'time-gaps' between the dashes and dots, only between
characters we would need a 'time-gap' of 1 dot and a 2 dot 'time-gap'
between words.
Using this system the above QSO will take only 9 min. 27 sec., a gain of 18
min. 15 sec or increase in speed of 293%.
As the frequency is now used to disciminate 'dash' and 'dot' the
transmitter need a sufficient frequency stability. But for a 5Hz shift a
2Hz stability should be sufficient and this is not more difficult to
achieve on 136kHz as a 50Hz stabilty on 80m or a 400Hz stability on 10m.
The next question was how easy (or difficult) our eye will translate the
frequency-shifted signals to 'dashes' and 'dot' (and so to characters).
Therefore I wrote a small program that at randum generated CW characters
and showed them on screen as discribed above. At a speed of 3 sec. per dot
I could easily decode the characters even without using pencil and paper.
Even if there was a sequence of 'O-M-T' or 'H-S-I-E' decoding was possible
al long as there were some other characters arround.

We will need to adapt both our equipement (to FSK) and our mind if we want
to use this technique but the adavantage is a significant increase of the
transmission speed (ca. 300%).

73, Rik  ON7YD


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Fri, 12 Nov 1999 17:56:21 GMT
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: "Peter Dodd" <g3ldo@zetnet.co.uk>
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Just got back from the Amberley museum after replacing the antenna 
with the help of the museum staff. Found the old antenna during the 
operation in a tangled heap in the bushes.

I hope to be on this Sunday for a couple of hours from about 0900hrs



-- 
Regards, Peter, G3LDO

<g3ldo@zetnet.co.uk>







From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "cesare tagliabue" <cestag@dada.it>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: LF: R: visual-CW
Date: Fri, 12 Nov 1999 19:44:22 +0100
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-----Messaggio originale-----
Da: Rik Strobbe <rik.strobbe@fys.kuleuven.ac.be>
A: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Data: venerdì 12 novembre 1999 16.58
Oggetto: LF: visual-CW


>Visual-CW (or slow-CW or QRSS) has become a rather popular mode on LF.
>It has 2 very important advantages :
>1. signal far beyond the audible 'triggerlevel' are detectable, allwing
>QSO's that would have been not possible with any other mode
>2. is has a very narrow bandwidth, signals only a few Hz apart can easily
>be separated
>The main disadvantage is the transmission speed as the most elementary QSO
>takes already half an hour.
>
>I have been thinking about the possibilities to enhance the transmission
>speed without reducing the advantages of visual CW and did some mind (or
>paper) experiments :
>
>Assume the following (very basic) QSO :
>- CQ ON7YD K
>- ON7YD G3XDV K
>- G3XDV OOO K
>- ON7YD OOO TU K
>- GL SK
>
>At a speed of 3 seconds per dot this QSO will take 27 min. 42 sec.
>(assuming no 'time-loss' between the transmissions).
>
>Since visual-CW is derived from 'normal' CW we use the same morse code that
>was optimized for reception by ear. It has also some 'built-in
>intelligence' as the most frequent characters are short, but for visual-CW
>where mainly calsigns are exchanged (where the character-distribution is
>rather random) is this not so important. An important advantage of morse
>code is that we easily can 'decode' it visualy. Most of us would need a
>kind of translation-tabels for visual decodation of any other (eg. ASCII)
>code, what is not so convenient.
>
>Without abandoning the morse code and the way of visual decoding we are
>used to so far, some time can be won by reducing the dash/dot ratio from
>3/1 to 2/1.
>While this 3/1 ratio is very essential for decoding by ear there is no real
>advantage of the 3/1 vs. 2/1 ratio in visual decoding, the signal is
>perfectly 'readable', it just looks a bit odd.
>But what do we win ? The above QSO, still at 3sec. per dot but with a 2/1
>dash/dot ratio would take 22 min. 24 sec, a gain of 5 min. 18 sec. or an
>increase in speed of 24%.
>The advantage is that only minor changes are involved, but there is only a
>limited gain.
>
>Another alternative is replacing the discrimation of dashes and dots from
>the time-domain to the frequency domain. This would mean that 'dashes' and
>'dots' have the same length (3 seconds) but that they are transmitted on
>different frequencies. Since in visual-CW the frequency discrimination is
>very high a shift of 5Hz (or even less) is sufficient. Using this technique
>we do not need the 'time-gaps' between the dashes and dots, only between
>characters we would need a 'time-gap' of 1 dot and a 2 dot 'time-gap'
>between words.
>Using this system the above QSO will take only 9 min. 27 sec., a gain of 18
>min. 15 sec or increase in speed of 293%.
>As the frequency is now used to disciminate 'dash' and 'dot' the
>transmitter need a sufficient frequency stability. But for a 5Hz shift a
>2Hz stability should be sufficient and this is not more difficult to
>achieve on 136kHz as a 50Hz stabilty on 80m or a 400Hz stability on 10m.
>The next question was how easy (or difficult) our eye will translate the
>frequency-shifted signals to 'dashes' and 'dot' (and so to characters).
>Therefore I wrote a small program that at randum generated CW characters
>and showed them on screen as discribed above. At a speed of 3 sec. per dot
>I could easily decode the characters even without using pencil and paper.
>Even if there was a sequence of 'O-M-T' or 'H-S-I-E' decoding was possible
>al long as there were some other characters arround.
>
>We will need to adapt both our equipement (to FSK) and our mind if we want
>to use this technique but the adavantage is a significant increase of the
>transmission speed (ca. 300%).
>
>73, Rik  ON7YD
>
>
            --------------------------------

        Dear Rik
            Your idea seems to be very good! It is important to decide if
dot must be higher or lover in
frequency, in respect to dash, to avoid uncertainty. I hope you will add an
option to your QRS program
for this purpose, also simply outputting dots and dashes on separated pins
of the serial port, so the
FSK arrangement may be realized apart.
            best 73
                                Cesare   I5TGC




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Nick" <maad65@dial.pipex.com>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: Re: LF: visual-CW
Date: Fri, 12 Nov 1999 22:35:51 +0000
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On Fri, 12 Nov 1999 17:15:39, you wrote:

>
>
>Since visual-CW is derived from 'normal' CW we use the same morse code that
>was optimized for reception by ear. 


Nice concepts on the FSK.

An interesting historical note is that Morse code was originally intended to be
read by eye.

It was printed onto paper strip and read off that. They then discovered that the
telegraphers learnt to decipher the sound of the relay/solanoid that did the
writing and hence they phased out the printing side of it.

Nick G4WHO
(back to lurk mode)


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Alan Melia" <Alan.Melia@btinternet.com>
To: "rsgb_lf_group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: Rik's proposal for QRS cw
Date: Fri, 12 Nov 1999 21:53:32 -0000
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Hi Rik well done, as an old RTTY operator (BC....Before Computers!), I had
wondered about FSK. As far as I could see from the weak signals I have
looked at on waterfall dispays, there could be a extra benefit. You would
get a little bit of extra edge when decoding as it would be logically
'dot-and-not-dash'.  So there would not be quite the same decode problem
were at present the static cuts a dash into two dots. The frequency
discrimination would take care of that (or the static would wipe out the
element completely). It certainly would be worth trialling.

Cesare mentions frequency stability, but I transmitted RTTY 170Hz shift on
432 MHz in the 1970s by FMing a crystal oscillator. I believe that this
technique would be adequate for simple (the best kind) transmit systems on
136. Easier still if you are already using a crystal mixer exciter.

I think as Cesare says we need an absolute definition of which element will
be the higher RF frequency. Your call Rik!

73 de Alan G3NYK
Alan.Melia@btinternet.com




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Steve Olney" <ollaneg@zeta.org.au>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: LF: Re: visual-CW
Date: Sat, 13 Nov 1999 11:13:25 +1100
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G'day Rik,

I can indeed confirm that this slow visual CW works.  It was one of my
early attempts to figure out a way of improving the S/N on LF paths.  It
had one tone for the "dots" and one for the "dashes" spaced by 10Hz each
lasting for 30 seconds which were fed to an SSB transmitter.  The only
difference I had was that I sent a middle tone for the spaces between
characters and words.  I found that it was easier to determine the presence
of a carrier rather than an absence for a space and to actually separate
each "dot" or "dash" with a space tone.  This method is slower than the
method you suggest by a factor of about two. This middle space (or idle)
frequency also is an aid for tuning and gives a base line for the "dots"
and "dashes".   I had 1000Hz for the space (or idle) 1005Hz for the "dash"
and 995Hz for the "dot".   What are your comments on this?

The software didn't have a morse code generator, just random "dots",
"dashes" and spaces between them to test the method.   However, I got bound
up with my FDK method and in the process of developing the code for FDK, I
cut this slow FSK code out and I will have to rework it in the future to
get it back.

BTW, while tests have shown that FDK is better than PSK31 by about 17dB and
better than about 10dB better than a reasonable speed QRSS,  I feel that
the slowness of data transmission (one character/minute) and the stability
required (about 0.02Hz over one minute) will mean that FDK will not be
practical or attractive for nobody but the most dedicated.  In other words,
not enough gain for the pain.  It also requires synchronisation of the PCs
at both ends to within +/-10 seconds and has a fixed data rate of one
character/minute.

So all in all,  I will still play with FDK and prove it works over long
paths, but I will probably drift back to the slow FSK CW method and develop
it more.   The good thing is that everybody can use it and the speed can be
adjusted to suit the conditions as you have indicated, unlike FDK.

You obviously have progressed further than anyone else along this path and
as a user of your excellent QRSS program I (as well as others) was
wondering if you have developed your software to a point where you can let
others have a go?   I haven't worked out how to drive the soundblaster
directly from data in memory (I'm not clever enough to do that yet) so the
quickest my software could output the tones is practically every 15 seconds
or so.  You obviously have solved that problem or do you actually shift the
frequency of the carrier?

Anyway, this post is already too long, but I'm sure there are many of us
eager to try out your program and this great idea.

73s Steve Olney (VK2ZTO/AXSO - QF56IK : Lat -33 34 07, Long +150 44 40)
=============================================
LowFer URL:
http://www.zeta.org.au/~ollaneg/lowfer.htm
AXSO LF Experimental Station URL:
http://www.zeta.org.au/~ollaneg/axsoextx.htm
LF Receiving - FRG-100, CHA antenna
LF Transmitting - 177.5/177.4kHz 8W - 7.6m vertical or CHA
Modes - AM, SSB, PSK31, SSTV, Hellschreiber, QRSS
and a new experimental mode - FDK.  See this URL for more:
http://www.zeta.org.au/~ollaneg/FDK.htm
=============================================


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Fri, 12 Nov 1999 21:14:50 -0500
From: "DEREK ATTER" <DATTER@compuserve.com>
Subject: LF: Good signals from MM0ALM in Sussex
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
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Worked Dave MM0ALM last night (11th Nov) at 22.00 UTC for the first time on
136.90Khz  and exchanged 559 reports both ways despite high levels of QRN. 
When he first called CQ at around 22.10 his signals were RST439 but
gradually improved during the QSO. The distance is 670Km.  (Thanks to Rik,
ON7YD for your signal reports of that QSO posted on the reflector )

Yesterday I reluctantly sacrificed over 2metres off the top of a mature
willow tree which is almost immediately under the main span of the 3-wire
top loading of the LF antenna and which had grown to about 35ft high and
about the same in diameter of the crown. It looked very attractive but it
had grown so much that some of the fronds almost touched the antenna wire
and had it had now begun to dominate one part of the garden. The vertical
clearance between the wire and the top of the tree after pruning is now
about 10 to 12 ft . The tree surgeon also cut back another tree which had
also grown close to the horizontal wire and also fairly close to the
vertical section.   The antenna current has now increased significantly by
around 20 %  (to 2.3A with 300W RF) which seems to confirm a previous
report recently posted on the reflector ( I think from Mike G3XDV) of
increased antenna current after cutting back foliage close to the antenna. 
- It remains to see what the effect on the signal !!.    
   I am also in the process of increasing the height of the end supports of
the antenna in the near future so that the vertical section will be
increased in length by about 12ft from 36ft to 48 ft and it will be
interesting to see what effect that has on the signal.

                73  Derek  G3GRO       ( Crawley,  West Sussex  IO91VC)


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Christer Andersson" <sm6pxj@swipnet.se>
To: "RSGB LF group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: SAQ active in the millennium day
Date: Sat, 13 Nov 1999 13:37:57 +0100
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The weekely news bulletin from SSA, The Swedish Radio Amateur Soceity, tells that on Jan 1st 2000 the radio station SAQ in Grimeton will be active on 17,2 kHz. Time: 13-1400 (probably local time).

Further information will be given in the transmission and on the Grimeton home page http://www.telemuseum.se/grimeton from Dec 1st.

/Christer, SM6PXJ




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Sat, 13 Nov 1999 12:26:36 -0500
From: "'Geri' Kinzel, DK8KW" <DK8KW@compuserve.com>
Subject: LF: DL3FDO nw QSX
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
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Hello friends,

I had exchanged some packet radio messages with Reiner, DL3FDO near
Frankfurt. Most of you will know his strong signal keepinng calling cq on
136.550 kHz. Due to the difficult receiving situation in the vicinity of
the strong commercial longwave stations he is still suffering from bad QRM.
Most of us have therefore stopped calling him. I told him that his
outstanding signal is heard throughout Europe, so he decided now to call cq
listening on some other ham bands (today he gave QSX 21225 kHz). So those
of you who heard him can at least have a crossband QSO with him. 

Additionally, Reiner is currently experimenting with various filters and
receivers so that hopefully he will be able to improve his receiving
situation.

Best 73

Geri, DK8KW (W1KW)


B.T.W.: I liked Rik's idea of FSK-Slow CW and started to think on how to
key my DDS VFO. It seems relatively easy to use a shift of 10 Hz with the
VFO I use. 

 


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Dave" <dave@picks.force9.co.uk>
To: "LF Group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: New facility / LF net
Date: Sat, 13 Nov 1999 18:54:50 -0000
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Dear all,

I have just put a new facility on my website which allows you to look up the
"firsts" on 136kHz. There must be lots of these I don't know about so if you
were the first in your country to work another country, please check it and
see if I've got the details right.
It's at http://www.picks.f9.co.uk/matrix.htm or via the usual 136 page.

Also a reminder about the LF net.
It's at 1900 utc on 3646kHz approx on Sunday evenings. Some have missed it
due to the clocks changing!

73, Dave G3YXM.



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: "Peter Dodd" <g3ldo@zetnet.co.uk>
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I was stuck writers 'block' while trying to complete the latest 
chapter in 'Backyard Antennas' and Erica produced the whisky bottle. 
This cleared the writers block and fired me up into writing a couple 
of uninhibited comments on the LF scene.

Firstly, Rik's comments on slow CW.

I dont find QSOs that last 30minutes a problem. In any case I have 
listened to 'fast' rubber stamp QSOs that last that long!.
The relaxed atmosphere of waiting for the reply to emerge on slow CW 
is therapeutic - you can go and make a coffee or catch up on reading 
that pile of magazines while the QSO progresses. Dont spoil it with technology.

Secondly, the latest on the CFA antenna.
The latest 'analysis' of this antenna was no more than more guessing. 
Academics are worse in this respect. We get bamboozelled  by Curl, 
Div and Poynting Vectors while in the real world radio amateurs are 
making 136kHz QSOs over 1500km from postage stamp QTHs.
.


-- 
Regards, Peter, G3LDO

<g3ldo@zetnet.co.uk>







From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Andre' Kesteloot" <akestelo@bellatlantic.net>
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Peter Dodd G3LDO wrote:

> [...] Secondly, the latest on the CFA antenna.
> The latest 'analysis' of this antenna was no more than more guessing.
> Academics are worse in this respect. We get bamboozelled  by Curl,
> Div and Poynting Vectors while in the real world radio amateurs are
> making 136kHz QSOs over 1500km from postage stamp QTHs.

The way I perceive the situation, some people are becoming upset because a new
approach (unfortunately labeled "revolutionary") does not match the theories we
have all learned.

Any theory should continually be challenged because it is, after all, only a
metaphor for the real thing.

IMHO, I think it would be wise to wait until the Isle of Man transmitter is tested.

This won't be in a remote place such as Tanta in Egypt, but in Europe, where we
will know the power generated, the condition of the soil, and will be able to
perform repeated field-strength measurements, etc.

Then, either of two things will then happen:
a) either it won't work or
b) it will work.
In the first case, the CFA will disappear in the sunset.
In the second case, we will have to revise our beloved theories... (which may be
painful for some)
In any case, I would recommend we take it easy, and give a chance to those guys to
try and demonstrate the validity of  their approach.

73
Andre'  N4ICK





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If he is stuck on 136.550, it looks like he is using a Ropex Tx.
I have now modified two of them, that is installed a new crystal, which does
involve some major surgery. In addition, if one wants to be exactly on a
particular frequency (as we have to be with our FCC license: 136.750 +/- 7 Hz),
then some small adjustable capacitor must be inserted in series.
I would be glad to supply detailed instructions on the process to anyone
contemplating the re-crystallization (?) of a Ropex.
73
Andre' N4ICK
************************
'Geri' Kinzel, DK8KW wrote:

> [...] I had exchanged some packet radio messages with Reiner, DL3FDO near
> Frankfurt. Most of you will know his strong signal keepinng calling cq on
> 136.550 kHz.





From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Sat, 13 Nov 1999 21:54:35 EST
Subject: Re: LF: RE: CFA
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In a message dated 11/13/99 5:19:38 PM Eastern Standard Time, 
akestelo@bellatlantic.net writes:

<< The way I perceive the situation, some people are becoming upset because a 
new  approach (unfortunately labeled "revolutionary") does not match the 
theories we have all learned. >>

     I have a somewhat different perspective, I guess.  It appears to me that 
supporters of supposedly revolutionary approaches become upset when the rest 
of us don't jump on the bandwagon without proof... which, in this case, is 
still not at hand, nor particularly imminent.  They fall back on the argument 
that we're blinded by "conventional theory."
     I put that in quotes because I'm not sure what "conventional theory" 
they mean; perhaps the generalizations and rules of thumb for specific 
antenna types that make it into amateur handbooks or other popular 
literature.  In this sense, "conventional theory" falls short of describing a 
good many existing antennas, but it's only because we're accustomed to 
looking at such a limited subset of that theory.
     When it comes to electromagnetics, the field --no pun intended-- that 
properly encompasses all antennas, the available body of theory is far more 
than a collection of hypotheses.  It's founded in Maxwell's work, which the 
CFA inventors themselves invoke freely (the question now being, how loosely 
have they done).
     Conventional theory has been tested since the days of Prof. Hertz and 
not found wanting.  It is not just an explanation for why everyday antenna 
systems work, but a powerful tool for predicting some very unconventional 
ones.  This is the test that makes theory in the formal sense something 
vastly more than an hypothesis.
     The maths of electromagnetics are more than most of us comprehend, 
beyond the mere mechanical level of plugging numbers into equations.  
However, there are those who do appreciate the subtleties behind the numbers, 
and have manipulated them in very creative ways to produce antennae that 
don't look anything like monopoles or dipoles:  slot antennas, dielectric 
rods, horns... the list goes on and on.  As different as they all are, they 
are not only understood in terms of conventional theory, but are a direct 
result of its accurate application.
     Whether the CFA will belong to this family or not remains to be seen.  I 
concur with Andre' that there should be good opportunities to measure the 
results from the IoM station.
     I don't believe I'll be satisfied by it just working, though.  Of course 
it will work.  As Peter mentioned, experimenters already know how to radiate 
RF from woefully miniscule aerials.  In addition, I have heard CFAs on the 
air.  Barely.  My skepticism arises not from fear that old ideas will have to 
be revised, but from the consistent reports of users that their CFAs are 
"almost" as strong as their regular antenna systems.  This does not readily 
square with glowing claims that CFAs are frequency-independent and inherently 
more efficient than resonant antennas.
     The question to be answered is really twofold:  Does the CFA truly work 
well enough to represent a breakthrough?  Will any real engineering data be 
gathered INSIDE the antenna (current distribution and phase among the 
elements)?  Without satisfactory answers to both parts, claims of any new 
principle at work will remain completely baseless.
73,
John  KD4IDY


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To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: =?iso-8859-1?Q?V=E4in=F6_Lehtoranta?= <vaiski@dlc.fi>
Subject: Re: LF: RE: CFA
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Friends,

Let me refer to Walter, G3JKV
a few months ago:

Please - dont start it again...

Not here anyway...

73 de Vaino, OH2LX







At 21:54 13.11.1999 EST, you wrote:
>In a message dated 11/13/99 5:19:38 PM Eastern Standard Time, 
>akestelo@bellatlantic.net writes:
>
><< The way I perceive the situation, some people are becoming upset
because a 
>new  approach (unfortunately labeled "revolutionary") does not match the 
>theories we have all learned. >>
>
>     I have a somewhat different perspective, I guess.  It appears to me
that 
>supporters of supposedly revolutionary approaches become upset when the rest 
>of us don't jump on the bandwagon without proof... which, in this case, is 
>still not at hand, nor particularly imminent.  They fall back on the
argument 
>that we're blinded by "conventional theory."

----------------------------------------------------------
V.K.Lehtoranta, OH2LX, POBox 50, FIN-05401 Jokela, Finland
------ Tel: +358-9-4173965 ---- Fax: +358-9-4173961 ------
E-mail: vaiski@dlc.fi - alias: oh2lx@dlc.fi & oh2lx@sral.fi


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From: "Dave Brown" <tractorb@ihug.co.nz>
To: "LOFEXP" <lofexp@egroups.com>, "lowfer" <lowfer@qth.net>, 
 "rsgblf" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Date: Sun, 14 Nov 1999 20:23:28 +1300
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Subject: [lofexp] Yaesu FT757GXII: LF band data output.
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For those of you who like me are using older gear on LF here's a hint worth
following up.

The Yaesu FT757 like many other rigs provides a 'band data' output  for use
with the matching linear amp etc. This data is in the form of binary data on
a 4 bit wide buss that appears on the back of the rig on an 8 pin connector
along with ptt etc.
 In the 757 case the published info lists 8 valid states corresponding to
'below 2.5 MHz', 2.5 to 4 MHz, 4 to 7.5 MHz, and so on up to 30 MHz etc.
The 'below 2.5 MHz' output is binary 1. But with the rig 'broadbanded'
(probably applies regardless) tuning below 2.5 MHz shows there is in fact
another valid data output, binary zero. This corresponds to 'below 1.5 MHz'
and the binary 1 state actually corresponds to the range 1.5 to 2.5 MHz.
Something Mr. Yaesu didn't bother to document  that is potentially very
useful.

What this means is that there is a valid band data output (i.e. 'below 1.5
MHz' and binary zero) that can be used for the LF range, and you don't have
to put up with it being combined with the 160 metre output ( 'below 2.5 MHz'
or binary 1) as would be the case if you believed the published info.

It would be worth checking this output, or similar ones on other
manufacturers gear, to see if the same logic has been used.   Later Yaesu
rigs  may be identical?

So what's it useful for?
Well it's very handy for automatic antenna switching etc, when rapidly
swapping between LF and the HF bands. Just switch VFOs etc, and the antenna
switching follows along.   I personally find manually switching antennas to
be a major nuisance when using the same rig for LF and HF, even if only for
receiving.

Incidentally, the 757 can give a good account of itself on LF reception
anyway as it can (with the preamp on - yes it does work on LF!) readily hear
a -125 dBm CW signal. Transmit-wise the low level RF out is down a bit on
the spec (for HF) output of -6dBm, but no great trouble to amplify it up a
few dB  more than usual  to drive an LF linear.

73
Dave
ZL3FJ




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From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Dave Sergeant" <sergeantd@compuserve.com>
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Subject: LF: Comment
Date: Sat, 13 Nov 1999 15:22:20 -0000
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>From Dave G3YMC

1.  Currently (Friday evening and Saturday) there is extremely bad thunder static on 136, worse that I would expect at this time of year, and this makes QSOs very difficult.  Perhaps this is from the heavy storms they have been having in France.

2.  Propagation.  Mike Dennison says that the Greek RTTY is weak or inaudible during the day. This was the case here during the summer, but now winter is approaching it is copyable throughout the day, often at very good signals.  It seems to get stronger from mid afternoon onwards, but is never less than S7 at any time (and of course way over S9 at night).  It is currently (Saturday 1500) s8 and perfectly readable through the thunder crashes.

Mike says there is little groundwave at HF - yes, but  propagation seems to be quite similar to top band propagation, where there is most definitely both ground and sky wave.  On Top Band during the winter it is quite common to start hearing eastern Europeans from around 1500z in the winter, with some days signals being much stronger that others.  The patterns I am seeing on 136 follow very much the same pattern as that band, and the experiences with CFH earlier in the year (with its very rapid fade after sunrise) seem to further support this view. On this basis the optimum time for transatlantic propogation will be at dawn (0600-0800) in December and January.

3.  I read with interest the proposed method of (slightly faster) slow CW - it sounds an interesting proposal and should be fairly easy to implement for those who want to try it.  One point comes to mind however - it is probably even more important to supplement transmissions with normal speed idents, as unlike QRSS it will be totally impossible to copy it by ear.  I suggest those writing the software should bear this in mind (suggest one normal speed ident at the end of each over, as seems to be the practice on PSK31)

73s Dave G3YMC
sergeantd@compuserve.com
http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/sergeantd



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Sun, 14 Nov 1999 03:37:00 -0500
From: "'Geri' Kinzel, DK8KW" <DK8KW@compuserve.com>
Subject: LF: Question: Rotating Shift Encoder
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
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Hello Lowfers,

I am currently looking into a way how to realize a simple way of doing FSK
with my DDS VFO. The VFO consists of a AD9850 chip that generates the
frequency. This chips is getting it's information from a PIC that was
programmed by the supplier of the entire unit (S&S Engineering). So I have
no source code nor the ability to re-program the PIC.

The frequency adjustment is realized by a rotary shift encoder. I can set
the freqency up or down movement by digit, e.g. 1 Hz, 10 Hz, 100 Hz and so
forth.

Now my simple question is: how can I simulate a rotary shift decoder in a
simple manner, so that when I key, the freqency is for example 10 Hz higher
and then moves down again to the original frequency. I have no idea how
this is normally realized with the shift encoder, however, I saw that a 5V
signal is simply pulled to ground over a resistor. If I just key one of
those encoder port to ground, I already get the frequency shift keying I
need, however, after keying a couple of times down, the freqnecy is moving
up or down (in those 10Hz jumps). What I need, I assume, is a kind of time
sequence to simulate the rotary shift encoder first into one direction and
then to the other.

Using this method would easily allow me to FSK Slow-CW and, maybe with a
shift of 100 Hz, normal 45.45 bd RTTY.

Anybody has got a simple idea?

Thanks, vy 73


Geri, DK8KW (W1KW) 



Longwave Information Homepage see      
http://home.t-online.de/home/dk8kw/lw.htm


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From: "Dave" <dave@picks.force9.co.uk>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
References: <199911140337_MC2-8CFC-355C@compuserve.com>
Subject: LF: Re: Question: Rotating Shift Encoder
Date: Sun, 14 Nov 1999 09:52:59 -0000
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Geri,

>I am currently looking into a way how to realize a simple way of doing FSK
>with my DDS VFO.

How about "VXO-ing" the clock oscillator? 

Dave G3YXM.



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Subject: LF: Re: Question: Rotating Shift Encoder
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Geri
Simple shaft encoders use two identical pulse trains, say A and B,  from the
encoder that are 90 degrees apart in time. That way the direction of turning
can be detected depending on whether the A pulse is output before the B
pulse.  If your circuit has two data lines going into the PIC (not counting
ground and logic power supply lines) then it is probably one of these.

Grounding the A input then the B input should make the frequency go one way
(say up) and doing the opposite, grounding the B input and then the A input
should  make the frequency go back (go down).

 If this works then you can make a simple logic circuit to do it but beware
of trying to do it too fast. The DDS may not be able to respond at 45 bauds?

 Hope this helps.
73
Dave
ZL3FJ





From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Dick Rollema" <d.w.rollema@gironet.nl>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: LF: Re: DL3FDO nw QSX
Date: Sun, 14 Nov 1999 12:32:35 +0100
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Dear Geri,

Perhaps Reiner should try to obtain a Teletron LWF45 as you did. I expect
this should solve his receiving problems.

The 15 m band certainly is not very suitable for crossband QSO's within a
couple of hundred kilometers.

73, Dick, PA0SE


-----Oorspronkelijk bericht-----
Van: 'Geri' Kinzel, DK8KW <DK8KW@compuserve.com>
Aan: INTERNET:rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Datum: zaterdag 13 november 1999 18:46
Onderwerp: LF: DL3FDO nw QSX


Hello friends,

I had exchanged some packet radio messages with Reiner, DL3FDO near
Frankfurt. Most of you will know his strong signal keepinng calling cq on
136.550 kHz. Due to the difficult receiving situation in the vicinity of
the strong commercial longwave stations he is still suffering from bad QRM.
Most of us have therefore stopped calling him. I told him that his
outstanding signal is heard throughout Europe, so he decided now to call cq
listening on some other ham bands (today he gave QSX 21225 kHz). So those
of you who heard him can at least have a crossband QSO with him.

Additionally, Reiner is currently experimenting with various filters and
receivers so that hopefully he will be able to improve his receiving
situation.

Best 73

Geri, DK8KW (W1KW)


B.T.W.: I liked Rik's idea of FSK-Slow CW and started to think on how to
key my DDS VFO. It seems relatively easy to use a shift of 10 Hz with the
VFO I use.







From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Christer Andersson" <sm6pxj@swipnet.se>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: LF: SV: Re: DL3FDO nw QSX
Date: Sun, 14 Nov 1999 14:13:18 +0100
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>The 15 m band certainly is not very suitable for crossband QSO's within a
>couple of hundred kilometers.
>
>73, Dick, PA0SE



I did answer DL3FDO on the given fq on 15 m but obviously I couldn't make myself heard on that band.
/Christer, SM6PXJ




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Sun, 14 Nov 1999 14:28:57 +0100
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: "M. Bruno" <spin@inrete.it>
Subject: Re: LF: Re: Question: Rotating Shift Encoder
In-reply-to: <001401bf2e86$0d8e7b00$0600a8c0@main>
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At 09.52 14/11/99 -0000, you wrote:
>Geri,
>
>>I am currently looking into a way how to realize a simple way of doing FSK
>>with my DDS VFO.
>
>How about "VXO-ing" the clock oscillator? 
>
>Dave G3YXM.
>
>

I was thinking the same way. You need 5 Hz out of 137 kHz, that is
about 36 ppm (parts per million).

It is quite easy to shift an overtone crystal by this amount - use
a varicap, or a fixed cap switched by a transistor, or even a small
relay - orrendous, but the baud rate is so slow!

And you need not to play with the encoder.


73 - Marco IK1ODO

spin@inrete.it

Rivalta, ITALY JN35SA (N 45 01' 25.6", E 7 31' 09.4")




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Sun, 14 Nov 1999 13:44:31 +0000
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: "Mike Dennison" <mike@dennison.demon.co.uk>
Subject: LF: sky/ground wave
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>>From Dave G3YMC
>
>2.  Propagation.  Mike Dennison says that the Greek RTTY is weak or inaudible 
>during the day. This was the case here during the summer, but now winter is 
>approaching it is copyable throughout the day, often at very good signals.  It 
>seems to get stronger from mid afternoon onwards, but is never less than S7 at 
>any time (and of course way over S9 at night).  It is currently (Saturday 1500) 
>s8 and perfectly readable through the thunder crashes.
>

Agreed.

>Mike says there is little groundwave at HF - yes, but  propagation seems to be 
>quite similar to top band propagation, where there is most definitely both 
>ground and sky wave.  On Top Band during the winter it is quite common to start 
>hearing eastern Europeans from around 1500z in the winter, with some days 
>signals being much stronger that others.  The patterns I am seeing on 136 follow 
>very much the same pattern as that band, and the experiences with CFH earlier in 
>the year (with its very rapid fade after sunrise) seem to further support this 
>view. On this basis the optimum time for transatlantic propogation will be at 
>dawn (0600-0800) in December and January.
>

True, but Andre suggests that EU broadcasters come in best at US sunset
(our midnight).
-- 
Mike, G3XDV
IO91VT
http://www.dennison.demon.co.uk/activity.htm


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Sun, 14 Nov 1999 08:55:34 -0500
From: "'Geri' Kinzel, DK8KW" <DK8KW@compuserve.com>
Subject: Re: LF: Re: Question: Rotating Shift Encoder
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
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Hello,

thank you very much for the suggestions. I will try to play around with the
125 MHz clock of the AD9850, so let's see what I come up with.

Best 73

Geri, DK8KW (W1KW)

 


>Geri,
>
>>I am currently looking into a way how to realize a simple way of doing
FSK
>>with my DDS VFO.
>
>How about "VXO-ing" the clock oscillator? 
>
>Dave G3YXM.
>
>

>I was thinking the same way. You need 5 Hz out of 137 kHz, that is
>about 36 ppm (parts per million).
>
>It is quite easy to shift an overtone crystal by this amount - use
>a varicap, or a fixed cap switched by a transistor, or even a small
>relay - orrendous, but the baud rate is so slow!
>
>And you need not to play with the encoder.
>
>
>73 - Marco IK1ODO
>
>spin@inrete.it
>
>Rivalta, ITALY JN35SA (N 45 01' 25.6", E 7 31' 09.4")




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Sun, 14 Nov 1999 08:58:13 -0500
From: "'Geri' Kinzel, DK8KW" <DK8KW@compuserve.com>
Subject: LF: SV: Re: DL3FDO nw QSX
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
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Hello Dick and Chris,

I will relay your remarks to Reiner, DL3FDO. I am sure he is appy that he
has been heard by
you and hopefully will be able to find a better suitable frequency. 

Additionally, I will tell him a source for the Teletron LWL45 (despite the
fact that my MV62 with
the IC746 as IF strip performs even better ... ).

Best 73

Geri, DK8KW (W1KW)



> 
>The 15 m band certainly is not very suitable for crossband QSO's within a
>couple of hundred kilometers.
>
>73, Dick, PA0SE



>I did answer DL3FDO on the given fq on 15 m but obviously I couldn't make
myself heard on that band.
>/Christer, SM6PXJ<



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Subject: Re: LF: Re: Question: Rotating Shift Encoder
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Hello,

'Geri' Kinzel, DK8KW wrote:
 
> thank you very much for the suggestions. I will try to play around with the
> 125 MHz clock of the AD9850, so let's see what I come up with.

I'm switching my 4MHz LXO by a very small fast 10V
relay, driven directly (!) from the TXD output of the
RS232 of my old i386 notebook. 45.45 baud is no
problem, it works fine up to approx. 75 baud. I'm using
the "opening" relay contact. It works fine at RTS or
DTR too. Of course it has to be a *very* low power
one...

Using opto-coupling devices there I was not able to get
a clean signal.

54°16'N / 10°04'E, JO54ag
73 es gl de Peter, DF3LP


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Steve Olney" <ollaneg@zeta.org.au>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: LF: Re: RE: CFA
Date: Mon, 15 Nov 1999 08:12:42 +1100
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G'day All,

> 
> IMHO, I think it would be wise to wait until the Isle of Man transmitter
is tested.
> 

Am I wrong but doesn't the latest coverage map from the IoM site look a lot
smaller than the old one?

73s Steve Olney (VK2ZTO/AXSO - QF56IK : Lat -33 34 07, Long +150 44 40)
=============================================
LowFer URL:
http://www.zeta.org.au/~ollaneg/lowfer.htm
AXSO LF Experimental Station URL:
http://www.zeta.org.au/~ollaneg/axsoextx.htm
LF Receiving - FRG-100, CHA antenna
LF Transmitting - 177.5/177.4kHz 8W - 7.6m vertical or CHA
Modes - AM, SSB, PSK31, SSTV, Hellschreiber, QRSS
and a new experimental mode - FDK.  See this URL for more:
http://www.zeta.org.au/~ollaneg/FDK.htm
=============================================


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Steve Olney" <ollaneg@zeta.org.au>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: LF: Re: Re: RE: CFA
Date: Mon, 15 Nov 1999 09:43:38 +1100
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G'day All,

> 
> Am I wrong but doesn't the latest coverage map from the IoM site look a
lot
> smaller than the old one?
> 
 Yes I am wrong, it is only a little smaller :-)

IMHO the IoM antenna will be deemed to be successful when commissioned. 
However, the question is, is that an endorsement of the theory.  As has
been mentioned, already Amateurs are covering large distances on LF (at
lower frequencies than 279KHz to boot) without worrying about Div, Grad and
Curl.    However, they are all using (up until this point) antennae that
follow the conventional theories.

The question I would like to pose to those with more knowledge and
experience than I is;  when I can get a signal out to 60km which is
readable (using SSB) using a 7m high antenna, with one 2m earth stake and
6mH of lossing tuning coil (small gauge wire wound around PVC pipe) using a
power of less than 5-8W, is a coverage of a little over 600Km using
kilograms of copper plate, presumably low-loss tuning coils, twice the
frequency and half a MEGAWATT so remarkable?  I have seen standard loaded
short verticals with sizes of the order of a few percent quoted as being
almost as good as a full size vertical.  I fail to see what is so
revolutionary about the CFA (apart from the "theory" expounded for it). 
Even if the IoM CFA produces a far field signal strength which equals (as
expounded by the inventors) the expected field for a full size (270m high)
this still will not prove the direct synthesis theory.  You would have to
prove that it is not working as a conventional antenna by measuring the
currents flowing into the elements, thereby measuring the radiation
resistance.   Conventional short verticals exhibit a low radiation
resistance and are made to radiate efficiently by matching to that low Rr
while ensuring that losses are a small fraction of the dissipating load. 
If the CFA exhibits a high radiation resistance (the inventors vaguely
mention 377ohms - free space) then this indicates something special,
otherwise not.

BTW, I have constructed a CFA for 177.4KHz and provided with the correct
quadrature drive and swept the antenna through continuous phase and
amplitude variations and I can report that it didn't radiate any better
than a top-loaded vertical of the same size.  I must be stupid. I can say
that it is possible to get it to look like 50ohms, i.e. a low SWR.  This
has been taken by many amateur experimentators to indicate that it is
radiating efficiently.  I have a dummy load which exhibits the same low
SWR, unfortunately it doesn't radiate. Also, there is a narrowcast station
on 1665KHz here in Sydney,  Australia which uses a CFA commissioned by the
inventors.  Guess what ?  At 60km distance it is about 18dB down on a
similar standard stations in the area.  I'm sorry, but that makes me doubt
a little, whatever the excuses/explanations are.

I will be pleased if the IoM CFA works and wait with eagerness for the
outcome as long as we get the scientific answers, not the political.  All
my attempts to get answers from the local BC CFA station has been met with
a brick wall so far.

Finally, I disagree with the notion that the CFA will fade into the sunset.
 It will be kept alive by its appeal to our imagination whatever the final
outcome is.

P.S. Maybe we would be wise to start up a separate CFA email group to avoid
raising blood pressures here.  Then those who want to subscribe and hear
about the latest CFA shenanigans can do so.  If there is sufficient
response I will setup a CFA group and invite subscribers.

73s Steve Olney (VK2ZTO/AXSO - QF56IK : Lat -33 34 07, Long +150 44 40)
=============================================
LowFer URL:
http://www.zeta.org.au/~ollaneg/lowfer.htm
AXSO LF Experimental Station URL:
http://www.zeta.org.au/~ollaneg/axsoextx.htm
LF Receiving - FRG-100, CHA antenna
LF Transmitting - 177.5/177.4kHz 8W - 7.6m vertical or CHA
Modes - AM, SSB, PSK31, SSTV, Hellschreiber, QRSS
and a new experimental mode - FDK.  See this URL for more:
http://www.zeta.org.au/~ollaneg/FDK.htm
=============================================  


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Alan Melia" <Alan.Melia@btinternet.com>
To: "rsgb_lf_group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: No DX Cluster spots this w/e
Date: Mon, 15 Nov 1999 00:03:24 -0000
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Hi all, sorry no new 136kHz spots on my local DX Cluster this week. My own
log is a bit restricted as I was busy with an event at the other end of the
radio spectrum.

Saturday 13th Nov.
A Clover signal (??) at 0716, 0724, and 0758z on 136.99kHz . I have no
decode capability for this mode and the record is from the unattended
waterfall log so the CW ID was not copied.

QRSS CQ from Geri DK8KW at 0846 'O'
QRSS CQ from PA2NJN (untimed but about 0900z) 'O'
QRSS CQ from PA0BWL at 1125z 'O'
Normal speed cw from PA0LEG at 0930z, G3XDV at 0949 137.2kHz
Quite unpleasant static levels for this time of year.

Sunday 14th Nov.
Stations heard G3BDQ,GW4ALG,G3LNP,MM0ALM, G6NB, GI/EI0CF/P.
PA0BWL (QRS but audible in 2.5kHz bw) at 1720z
Various times mostly heard whilst doing something else!
73 de Alan G3NYK
Alan.Melia@btinternet.com




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Andre' Kesteloot" <akestelo@bellatlantic.net>
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Mike Dennison wrote:

> >. On this basis the optimum time for transatlantic propagation will be at
> >dawn (0600-0800) in December and January.
> >
>
> True, but Andre suggests that EU broadcasters come in best at US sunset
> (our midnight).

Whenever we can hear the West-European (and Moroccan) broadcasters, it usually starts
around 1700h and remains until 2400h.
73
Andre'  N4ICK





From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "ComPact" <Melv@xtra.co.nz>
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To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: LF: Re: visual-CW
Date: Mon, 15 Nov 1999 16:43:32 +1300
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Hello Rik
you wrote:
>Another alternative is replacing the discrimation of dashes and dots from
>the time-domain to the frequency domain. This would mean that 'dashes' and
>'dots' have the same length (3 seconds) but that they are transmitted on
>different frequencies. Since in visual-CW the frequency discrimination is
>very high a shift of 5Hz (or even less) is sufficient. Using this
technique
>we do not need the 'time-gaps' between the dashes and dots, only between
>characters we would need a 'time-gap' of 1 dot and a 2 dot 'time-gap'
>between words.

It seems that some similar thinking is going on on both sides of the world
on this topic. We have been using for some time a combination of
Spectrogram and small frquency shifts as a positive means of identifying
weak trans-Tasman LF signals. Also you will have noted Steve Olney's
extensive work in this area.

I am a little confused about the tests you describe Rik. If you eliminate
the time gaps between a string of dots then you just get a long dash so I
assume you are shifting frequency after each "element" rather than one
frequency for dots and another for dashes?

Mike ZL4OL


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: =?iso-8859-1?Q?Robert_Decarni=E8re?= <on4dy@village.uunet.be>
To: "LF" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: Weekend Report
Date: Sun, 14 Nov 1999 22:14:41 -0000
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<HTML>
<HEAD>

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<DIV><FONT color=#000000>From ON4DY (RX only) in JO10TX , near 
Ghent.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000>Hello all,</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000>By inserting a 1:1&nbsp; RF isolation transformer (25 
turns each side of a one inch core) between the on the</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000>frame loop mounted preamp and the receiver I completely 
eliminated induced AC line noise, so that</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000>weak signal reception is now greatly 
enhanced.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Were heard on Tuesday night the 9th between 20:25 and 22:11 :</DIV>
<DIV>SM4DHN (569) G3AQC (549) OH1TN (539) MM0ALM (569) G4GVC (549) G3XDV (549) 
loop </DIV>
<DIV>pointing NNE, with G-land off the side.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Saturday Nov. 13th.</DIV>
<DIV>7:43&nbsp; CQ&nbsp;&nbsp; G3LNP&nbsp; 569</DIV>
<DIV>7:49&nbsp; CQ&nbsp;&nbsp; HB9ASB&nbsp; QRS CW audible 559</DIV>
<DIV>8:02&nbsp; CQ&nbsp;&nbsp; G4GVC&nbsp; 569</DIV>
<DIV>8:11&nbsp; &quot;Test de DF8ZR&quot; in QRS CW</DIV>
<DIV>8:49&nbsp; CQ&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; DK8KW&nbsp;&nbsp; QRS CW audible 549</DIV>
<DIV>9:03&nbsp;&nbsp; CQ&nbsp;&nbsp; PA2NJN&nbsp;&nbsp; QRS CW&nbsp; audible 
559</DIV>
<DIV>9:12&nbsp;&nbsp; CQ&nbsp;&nbsp; PA0LEG&nbsp; 569 frm Dordrecht replied by 
PA0BWL 549</DIV>
<DIV>10:10 CQ&nbsp;&nbsp; G3XDV&nbsp; QRS CW&nbsp; replied by PA0BWL</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Sunday Nov. 14th.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>06:38 PA0BWL (549) trying to get in touch with&nbsp; GW4ALG 
(549)&nbsp;&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>07:22&nbsp; A symphony of near simultaneous but freq. spaced CQs :</DIV>
<DIV>DK8KW (549)&nbsp; HB9ASB (549)&nbsp; GW4ALG (549)&nbsp; G3BDQ 
(569)&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>The latter the most lucky, replied by G3LNP (569)</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>07:54 G3BDQ&nbsp; cq , replied by DK8KW .&nbsp; G3BDQ gives 439 rprt, but 
Geri did not come back</DIV>
<DIV>maybe confused&nbsp; by HB9ASB who was calling CQ practically on same 
qrg.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>08:33&nbsp; G8RW&nbsp; cq (539)</DIV>
<DIV>08:53&nbsp;&nbsp; G4GVC de G6RO&nbsp; (569)</DIV>
<DIV>09:46&nbsp;&nbsp; G0AKY&nbsp; (429)&nbsp; de G3AQC (559)</DIV>
<DIV>09:55&nbsp;&nbsp; PA0SE (579) in qso with&nbsp; GW4ALG (559)&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>10:00&nbsp;&nbsp; G3XDV (559) in qso with PA0BWL&nbsp; (549)&nbsp; loop to 
G&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>...//...</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>16:03&nbsp;&nbsp; G6NB&nbsp; (549)&nbsp; in qso with G4GVC (569)</DIV>
<DIV>16:09&nbsp;&nbsp; G0AKY&nbsp; (529) in qso with G3KMP (529)</DIV>
<DIV>16:20&nbsp;&nbsp; G3YXM&nbsp; (579) in qso G3KMP (539 nw)</DIV>
<DIV>16:29&nbsp;&nbsp; SM6PXJ&nbsp; (549)</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>16:58&nbsp;&nbsp; GI / EI0CF/p (429)&nbsp; working GW4ALG (549)</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Cheers de Bob, ON4DY.</DIV></BODY></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "'Geri' Kinzel, DK8KW" <DK8KW@compuserve.com>
Subject: LF: Weekend Report by ON4DY
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
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Hello Bob,

thank you for your interesting weekend report. It issurprisinmg, how your
situation in Belgium is like the eye of the hurrican. I realized there were
some weak stations in the background calling, but being a couple of hundred
kilometers further away, I was not able to copy anyone in particular.
Additionally, since some time I have got some QRN/QRM in the lower half of
the band. So finally, I managed to work G3LNP as a new one on 137.000 kHz.

Best 73

Geri, DK8KW (W1KW) 


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To: "136 group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: DDH 47
Date: Mon, 15 Nov 1999 08:37:20 +0100
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Hello LowFers

Did anyone listen for DDH 47 Friday evening? Really easy task for LowFers,
wasn't it. At least at my QTH. DDH 47 was 599 + 10 dB, very strong signal.
What a pity they don't listen on 136 kHz so that we could make "cross-band"
CW QSO with them on LF.

73! Petr, OK1FIG





From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: =?iso-8859-1?Q?V=E4in=F6_Lehtoranta?= <vaiski@dlc.fi>
Subject: Re: LF: Re: Re: RE: CFA
In-reply-to: <199911142250.JAA22753@mailman.zeta.org.au>
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Real hams don't worry about blood pressures etc but
CFA debate has been going on for about 10 years now
especially on NEC reflector, so there is no reason
whatsoever to set up another group.
73 to all de Vaino, OH2LX
IARU Region 1 Auroral studies coordinator

PS Steve, you don't have any idea who is Auroral
   studies coordinator in your Region...?




>
>P.S. Maybe we would be wise to start up a separate CFA email group to avoid
>raising blood pressures here.  Then those who want to subscribe and hear
>about the latest CFA shenanigans can do so.  If there is sufficient
>response I will setup a CFA group and invite subscribers.

----------------------------------------------------------
V.K.Lehtoranta, OH2LX, POBox 50, FIN-05401 Jokela, Finland
------ Tel: +358-9-4173965 ---- Fax: +358-9-4173961 ------
E-mail: vaiski@dlc.fi - alias: oh2lx@dlc.fi & oh2lx@sral.fi


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Mon, 15 Nov 1999 10:47:16
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: "Rik Strobbe" <rik.strobbe@fys.kuleuven.ac.be>
Subject: Re: LF: Question: Rotating Shift Encoder
In-reply-to: <199911140337_MC2-8CFC-355C@compuserve.com>
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At 03:37 14/11/99 -0500, you wrote:
>...
>Now my simple question is: how can I simulate a rotary shift decoder in a
>simple manner, so that when I key, the freqency is for example 10 Hz higher
>and then moves down again to the original frequency. I have no idea how
>this is normally realized with the shift encoder, however, I saw that a 5V
>signal is simply pulled to ground over a resistor. If I just key one of
>those encoder port to ground, I already get the frequency shift keying I
>need, however, after keying a couple of times down, the freqnecy is moving
>up or down (in those 10Hz jumps). What I need, I assume, is a kind of time
>sequence to simulate the rotary shift encoder first into one direction and
>then to the other.
>...

An alternative way to generate FSK might be to alter the frequency of the
reference oscillator, this should work for small frequencyshifts (10Hz or
less).
Of course the shift will be a bit frquencydependent but if you stick to the
'digital mode' or visual-CW segments this will be acceptable.

eg. : assuming that you use a 10MHz reference oscillator, a 10 Hz shift on
137600Hz will require a 726.7Hz shift on 10MHz. If you stay within the
freuency range of 137400 to 137800 for digital modes or visual-CW then the
error on the 10Hz shift will limited to 1Hz.

If your reference ocillator is not 'canned' you will need most likely only
need to add 1 capacitor that is switched to get FSK.

73, Rik  ON7YD



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "kate moore" <mek@leicester.ac.uk>
To: "lfgroup" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: Weekend report
Date: Mon, 15 Nov 1999 08:51:35 -0000
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Stations worked here during the weekend on 136kHz using normal speed CW:

Friday 12/11
 MM0ALM (13.49:UT gave him 599, he gave me 599).

Saturday 13/11
 G3YMC (08.33: 469QRN, 599QRN), PA0SE (10.12: 479QRN, 479QRN), SM4DHN (21.46
 469QRN, 439QRN).

Sunday 14/11
 G6RO (08.43: 57/89, 599), G3YXM (09.11: 59+9, 59+9), SM6PXJ (11.11: 559,
 539), G6NB (16.02: 589, 599), GI/EI0CF/P (17.06: 579, 57/89).

A very mixed bag for me this weekend due to the lousy weather and noisey
conditions. Most of the time we had intermittent showers of drizzle which,
due to the water droplets collecting on my very thin antenna wire, plays
havoc with the tuning. On Friday and Saturday static levels were also
exceptionally high, so my actual operating periods were much shorter than
usual.

Dave MM0ALM is now immensely strong here and must be putting the biggest
signal out from the UK at present. My first ever contact with Lars SM4DHN on
Saturday night was a bit of a struggle, not due to the strength of signals
but due to the static, which was almost painful. Christer SM6PXJ was a very
good signal during daylight on Sunday morning and worked a number of other
stations, including Ron G6RO which was a real pleasure to monitor. Finally,
I was very pleased to work Finbar operating from Mal's GI QTH at Cookstown -
my 2nd GI this week taking my 2-way tally on 136kHz up to 75 stations.
Thanks
again to Finbar, Mal and Ray for all their work getting the station up and
working.


         Regards  John G4GVC near Leicester, IO92JP

    **  TX: Synth + 400W RF from modified 'G3YXM' Mosfet PA           **
    **  RX: TS-850S with 3 x CW filters and 0.5ppm TCXO               **
    **  Ant: Inv-L 60m long, 6m high at feed end, 12m high at far end **



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Mon, 15 Nov 1999 11:19:22
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: "Rik Strobbe" <rik.strobbe@fys.kuleuven.ac.be>
Subject: LF: weekend report 12-14 november 99
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Almost 'summer-like' QRN on Friday and Saturday, so very little activity
and only the strongest stations could be heard.
Still high QRN (for this time of the year) on Sunday, but not as bad as the
days before.
Stations heard :
G4GVC (559), G3YXM (579), G6NB (429), DL3FDO (549), PA0LEG (569), PA0BWL
(569), PA0MCL (559), SM6PXJ (549), MM0ALM (589), SM4DHN (539), G3XTZ (579).

On sunday Dave, MM0ALM was heard in the late afternoon with a 549 signal,
increasing to a solid 589 during the evening - without any doubt the
strongest station on the band here.
I called him several times in the late afternoon and early evening. As his
signal increased to 579 Dave could hear me and we had a nice QSO (got 559),
distance about 820km and my 57th station worked on 136kHz.
Also heard G6NB for a new one, only Q4 due to high QRN but it should also
be an 'easy one' on a quiet day.

73, Rik  ON7YD


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Mike Dennison" <mike.dennison@rsgb.org.uk>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Date: Mon, 15 Nov 1999 10:00:11 -0000
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Subject: LF: Weekend report 13/14 November
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Saturday 13 November 

Very bad QRN, though conditions good with the Greek RTTY between S7 
and S9 all day. Very little activity. 

Heard G6NB (579) 

Saw on Spectrogram, QRSs from PA2NJN ('O'). 

Worked on QRSs, PA0BWL ('O'/'O') for a new one. Very pleased to 
work Wil who I met at the RSGB HF Convention (see my web site for a 
pic of Wil). 

Sunday 14 November 

Got up at 0400 (as per my proposal for early morning tests on the second 
Sunday of each month) and called CQ until 0530, but no takers. 
Conditions were very good at start but declined towards 0500. QRN was 
bad. 

Back on air at 0915, and what a difference! QRN much lower, lots of 
activity, 8 countries heard. 

Heard G3BDQ (599); G3YXM (599); G4GVC (599); DL3FDO (549); 
GW4ALG (579); PA0SE (569); MM0ALM (579, later 599); G6RO 
(569); G8RW (589); GI3KEV (559); MI/EI0CF/P (439); OZ1KMR 
(559); OZ5N (559); G3AQC/P (589). 

Saw on Spectrogram, QRSs from DJ5AO ('O'). 

Worked PA0BWL (539/539) this time using normal CW; G0AKY 
(559/559) for a new one, and SM6PXJ (329/329) a real struggle but a 
country number 12 for me and my best normal CW DX at 1160km. 

I have now heard 75 different stations on the 136kHz band. 




Mike, G3XDV (IO91VT)
http://www.dennison.demon.co.uk/activity.htm



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Mike Dennison" <mike.dennison@rsgb.org.uk>
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Subject: LF: Tuned radial
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At the weekend, I tried using a tuned radial instead of my earth 
stakes. This followed Finbar's recent success.

I ran a single wire up the garden - about 20m - one metre high. I 
tuned it by using it as an antenna tuned against ground and 
adjusting a series loading coil for resonance. The normal antenna 
was then reconnected and the tuned radial used instead of earth.

Unfortunately, I could not get any current into it at all, even though 
the antenna resonated at about the right frequency. 

Any thoughts?

Mike, G3XDV (IO91VT)
http://www.dennison.demon.co.uk/activity.htm



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Subject: Re: LF: DL3FDO nw QSX
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>
> I would be glad to supply detailed instructions on the process to anyone
> contemplating the re-crystallization (?) of a Ropex.
> 73
> Andre' N4ICK
> ************************

Andre,

I will be getting a Ropex Tx as a Christmas present for my portable 
work. Please let me have details of the crystal mods.

I have a synthesizer for 136kHz. Can this be used to drive the 
Ropex? Are there snags, like it blows up if there's no drive?

Ideally, I would like to run two crystals, preferably with VXO 
capability (one for normal CW, one for QRSs) but also have a 
socket for the synth.

73


Mike, G3XDV (IO91VT)
http://www.dennison.demon.co.uk/activity.htm



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From: "Mike Dennison" <mike.dennison@rsgb.org.uk>
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Peter, G3LDO wrote:
> 
> I dont find QSOs that last 30minutes a problem. In any case I have 
> listened to 'fast' rubber stamp QSOs that last that long!.
> The relaxed atmosphere of waiting for the reply to emerge on slow CW 
> is therapeutic - you can go and make a coffee or catch up on reading 
> that pile of magazines while the QSO progresses. Dont spoil it with technology.
> 

That's my view, too. I quite like being able to watch TV whilst having 
a QSO. The other day I was watching the start of a CQ call, gave my 
son a lift to work and returned to reply to the call!

If we are looking to add some more technology, let's go for even 
better communications efficiency, ie distance.




Mike Dennison, G3XDV
Publications Manager

* RadCom * Ham Radio Today * GB2RS News *
* RSGB Books and CDs *

Radio Society of Great Britain
Lambda House, Cranborne Road
Potters Bar, Herts UK, EN6 3JE
Tel: +44 (0) 1707 659015; Fax: +44 (0) 1707 645105

RSGB - UK AMATEUR RADIO



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Mon, 15 Nov 1999 13:26:05
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: "Rik Strobbe" <rik.strobbe@fys.kuleuven.ac.be>
Subject: LF: new visual-CW techniques
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Thanks to all who responded to my previous mail, it seems that others had
similar ideas to increase the transmission speed for visual-CW.

For those who also appreciate the 'therapeutic' value of visual-CW and are
not interested in speeding up things there is the possibility to increase
the 'dot-length' by a certain factor (+/- 3). This will ensure that the
duration of the QSO will not be too short and has the advantage that you
can make the QSO with less power or cover a bigger distance with the same
power.
Besides that it is not my intention start a crusade against the 'classic'
visual-CW.

For those interested in 'optimizing' this visual mode I want to give some
insight in my approach to the problem :

First I tried to 'analyse' Morse-code and compare it with more classical
digital modes that use either ASCII-code or Baudot-code.
I came to 2 major differences :
1. Variable code length, the most frequent characters have short code. This
is very usefull for transmitting text but rather useless in the visual-CW
QSO's where data exchange is mainly limited to calls and reports. 
But regardless from this even in visual-CW Morse-code has the advantage
that we radioamateurs know it and can easily 'read' it (what is not the
case for ASCII or Baudot).
2. Where ASCII and Baudot are stricktly binary (on/off or 1/0 or
mark/space), Morse-code has 3 different 'components' : dot, dash and space.
For classical morse-code detection by ear this 3 'components' are converted
to a on/off (binary) system where the dot is represented by a on-off (or
10) sequence, the dash by a on-on-on-off (or 1110) sequence and the space
by a off-off-off (or 000) sequence. Characters are created by dash-dot
combinations, space is used to separate characters (single space) or words
(double space).

Next I took the 'pro' and 'contra' of the 3 systems (ASCII, Baudot, Morse) :

- ASCII :
pro = fixed code length and generally accepted for data-exchange
contra = long (8 bit) allowing 256 characters, while in practice we only
need about 45 characters

- Baudot :
pro = fixed code length, widely known and accepted from 'teletype' and
shorter than ASCII
contra = 5-bit code allows only 32 characters, this is 'fixed' by having a
code for 'switch to figure'

- Morse :
pro = well know by hams, relative short code
contra = not only the characters have different length but even the
'components' (dot, dash, space) differ in length.

This contra in Morse-code can be eliminated in visual CW if we replace the
'time difference' between dot and dash by a frequency difference.
We can represent a dot by transmitting a 'low' frequency during 1
'timeperiod', a dash by transmitting a 'high' frequency during 1
'timeperiod' and a space by no transmission during 1 'timeperiod' (or as
alternative by transmitting a 'middle' frequency - but this will increase
average power by 50% and bandwidth by 100%).
As shown in my previous mail this will shorten time needed to transmit by
300%. Or the other way arround the length of a 'timeperiod' can be
increased by 300% to be able to cover the same distance with reduced power
or to increase the distance with the same power.

Some 'dry tests' (generating code on screen by software) have shown that
one can relatively easy 'decode' this kind of CW (for each 'low' you say
'dit', for each 'high' you say 'da'). Only for long characters that have
only dots or dashes it is a bit more difficult, but up to 3 same (eg. S or
O) it is no big problem (so T,M and O are easily kept apart, so are E,I and
S) but distinguising H from 5 takes some exercise on a screen. But this can
be easily solved when we can decide on a 'standard timelength' (eg. 3
seconds) and project a grid on the screen where eache 'square' represents 1
timeunit, so your eye has a kind of visual reference.

If there is interest I am willing to adapt the QRS software for those who
want to do some tests. Testing it in practice will be the only way to find
out if this 'alternative' is any good.

73, Rik  ON7YD


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Kevin Ravenhill" <k_ravenhill@radiometrix.co.uk>
To: "RSGB LF Group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: Simple receivers for 136kHz
Date: Mon, 15 Nov 1999 11:27:40 -0000
Organization: Radiometrix Ltd.
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Hi all, hope this isn't too "off topic" and will be of interest to
somebody....

I've noticed that, whilst there is naturally a lot of discussion on the
reflector about transmitters and antennas, there is relatively little about
receivers. Since I have a strong preference for uncomplicated homebrew
equipment and an aversion to buying expensive commercial gear, I've recently
been experimenting to find out how simple a receiving setup can be made
whilst still being capable of useful results on 136kHz.

I'm currently using, of all things, a simple regenerative design ("blooper")
loosely based on GI3XZM's original in RadCom Tech Topics Oct 1987. My
version has 7 transistors and 2 ICs in total and includes preamplification
and very selective bandpass filtering before the detector, together with
2-stage active filtering in the AF giving a 6dB bandwidth of about 150Hz at
700Hz. The whole thing is built into a tobacco tin (!) with PCB material
added for mechanical rigidity. Power is provided by a 9V PP3 battery which
is also squeezed into the tin.

Despite the lack of any voltage regulation this has proved surprisingly
stable (to the extent that there is no noticeable frequency drift over long
periods even when using Spectrogram on the narrower settings), and strong
signal handling appears better (at least subjectively) than my old R210
military valved Rx. MDS is considerably better than 0.1uV. The second
sideband ("audio image") can be a problem, of course, but less so than might
be expected because of the narrow audio filtering.

Using a VERY inefficient antenna consisting of 20m of wire draped round the
loft and tuned against a questionable earth, this setup has received (using
normal CW) most of the UK stations and quite a few from elsewhere in Europe
at surprisingly good signal-to-noise ratios.

The antenna now appears to be the limiting factor. Apart from mains-borne
QRM/N, Loran chatter is quite a problem here in East Devon and a frame
(loop) antenna suggests itself as the next step.

I would be the first to admit that this arrangement cannot stand comparison
with a good bomb-proof superhet receiver with narrow crystal filtering,
however it does seem to offer possibilities for those who like an additional
challenge and prefer homebrew equipment (or, one could say, those who like
to make life difficult for themselves!).

Other possible avenues for experimentation are "super-gainer" designs using
narrrow crystal ladder filters, and phasing-type direct conversion, both of
which should eliminate the audio image problem. I would be interested to
know whether any LF'ers have tried anything along similar lines.

73

Kevin, G1HDQ.



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "'Geri' Kinzel, DK8KW" <DK8KW@compuserve.com>
Subject: LF: Weekend report 13/14 November
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
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Mike, G3XDV, wrote:

>Worked on QRSs, PA0BWL ('O'/'O') for a new one. Very pleased to 
>work Wil who I met at the RSGB HF Convention (see my web site for a 
>pic of Wil). 

... and I am sure that Wil looks much more pleased now, since he worked all
those stations on LF!


Best 73

Geri, DK8KW (W1KW)






From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Mike Dennison" <mike.dennison@rsgb.org.uk>
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Subject: Re: LF: new visual-CW techniques
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Rik, ON7YD wrote:

> Thanks to all who responded to my previous mail, it seems that others had
> similar ideas to increase the transmission speed for visual-CW.
> 
> For those who also appreciate the 'therapeutic' value of visual-CW and are
> not interested in speeding up things there is the possibility to increase
> the 'dot-length' by a certain factor (+/- 3). This will ensure that the
> duration of the QSO will not be too short and has the advantage that you
> can make the QSO with less power or cover a bigger distance with the same
> power.

Yes, that's a good point. The length of the dot is the limitting factor in 
signal to noise calculations. I often can copy dashes much more 
easily than dots, partly because the averaging can be done over a 
longer period, and partly because dashes are less easily destroyed 
by impulse noise such as QRN (and there's lots of that at LF).

Mike, G3XDV (IO91VT)
http://www.dennison.demon.co.uk/activity.htm



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Mike Dennison" <mike.dennison@rsgb.org.uk>
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Subject: Re: LF: Simple receivers for 136kHz
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G1HDQ wrote: 

> I've noticed that, whilst there is naturally a lot of discussion on the
> reflector about transmitters and antennas, there is relatively little about
> receivers. Since I have a strong preference for uncomplicated homebrew
> equipment and an aversion to buying expensive commercial gear, I've recently
> been experimenting to find out how simple a receiving setup can be made
> whilst still being capable of useful results on 136kHz.
> 
[big cut]

> The antenna now appears to be the limiting factor. Apart from mains-borne
> QRM/N, Loran chatter is quite a problem here in East Devon and a frame
> (loop) antenna suggests itself as the next step.
> 

Looks like this is a useful receiver if Loran can be heard easily. 
Regulars on this relector will remember my sermons on decent 
receivers in the past. I use a Datong converter (with essential added 
front-end filtering) and an IC-706 Mk1 as an IF at 28MHz. I tried the 
IC-706 out as an LF receiver on its own (not sure why I haven't 
done this before). It covers down to 50kHz which gives both LF 
bands. It is fairly useless at 73 but works better at 136kHz - even the 
pre-amp has some gain.

However, here's where the trap lies. I could hear DCF39 at S9+ and 
copied MM0ALM (650km) loud and clear. To a beginner this might 
indicate that all was well. But what I could not hear was the Greek 
RTTY which was S7 on the converter, the Loran or any static. The 
difference was remarkable.

As I have said before, if you don't get a HUGE signal from DCF39 
compared to your noise level, and can't hear the RTTY just below 
136kHz most of the time, and can't hear Loran and/or static all of the 
time, you may need to increase the receiver system gain. This may 
also involve improving front end selectivity.

I will try out the 706 with some preamplification and report back.

Mike, G3XDV (IO91VT)
http://www.dennison.demon.co.uk/activity.htm



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To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: "Rik Strobbe" <rik.strobbe@fys.kuleuven.ac.be>
Subject: Re: LF: new visual-CW techniques
In-reply-to: <E11nLyg-0000y5-00@mserv1a.u-net.net>
References: <3.0.1.16.19991115132605.22071bd8@mail.cc.kuleuven.ac.be>
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At 12:57 15/11/99 -0000, Mike, G3XDV wrote:
>Rik, ON7YD wrote:
>
>> Thanks to all who responded to my previous mail, it seems that others had
>> similar ideas to increase the transmission speed for visual-CW.
>> 
>> For those who also appreciate the 'therapeutic' value of visual-CW and are
>> not interested in speeding up things there is the possibility to increase
>> the 'dot-length' by a certain factor (+/- 3). This will ensure that the
>> duration of the QSO will not be too short and has the advantage that you
>> can make the QSO with less power or cover a bigger distance with the same
>> power.
>
>Yes, that's a good point. The length of the dot is the limitting factor in 
>signal to noise calculations. I often can copy dashes much more 
>easily than dots, partly because the averaging can be done over a 
>longer period, and partly because dashes are less easily destroyed 
>by impulse noise such as QRN (and there's lots of that at LF).
>
>Mike, G3XDV (IO91VT)
>http://www.dennison.demon.co.uk/activity.htm
>

To take full advantage of a certain dotlength it is important that
transmitter and receiver are synchronized.
An example : if you have a 5.5kHz sample rate (soundcard) and you calculate
your FFT over 16384 points that you will produce one FFT each 3 seconds
(2.979 seconds to be exact). Assume that the TX transmits a series of dots
(at 3 sec. dotlength) and the RX is exactly synchronized (so each FFT takes
either a 3 sec. period with 'key down' or 'key up') then you will have the
optimal result. But if the RX has a 1.5 sec. 'delay' on the TX then all
FFT's will have 8192 points with 'key up' and 8192 points with 'key down'
and you will see nothing but a continious line on the screen, all 'data' is
gone.
So in case TX and RX are not synchronized (as it is now on 136kHz) your FFT
period at the RX side needs to be remarkable shorter than the dot length at
the TX side.
Some FFT software will use a 'trick' and instead of taking a complete new
sample-set for each FFT it will shift a part of the old samples and take
only a part new samples (eg. if you it performs a 16384 point FFT it will
remove point 1 - 4096, replace the points 4097 - 16384 to positions 1 -
12288 and place 4096 new points in position 12289 to 16384), but that takes
much more calculation power (quadruple in the case described here) and only
partly solve the problem.

So for optimal use of FFT software the TX-keying and RX-FFT should be
synchronized. With modern techniques (DCF77 etc.) and within Europe it
should be rather easy to obtain a synchronisation od 0.1 sec. and maintain
this during at least 30 minutes. With a 3 sec. dot lengths should be good
enough to take advantage of synchronized FTT.

73, Rik  ON7YD



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Subject: LF: [Fwd: [Lowfer] Downed Towers]
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Frank Gentges wrote:

> The Navy decided several years ago that the Annapolis transmitter site
> was no longer needed.  It provided a number of LF broadcasts to the fleet
> along with the VLF broadcast.  Many remember hearing NSS on all sorts of
> HF and LF and VLF freqs in years past.  Three 300 foot self supporting
> towers were "dropped" at 0800 using explosives at the NSS site.  These
> towers supported 3 Marconi LF antennas.  These towers date back to
> around 1918.  The transmitters were newer and were sent to WWVB to boost
> the power there.
>
> I witnessed the demolition and have pictures and video I hope to convert
> to MPEG to put on our website.
>
> The wideband 800 foot LF tower that supported a 4 channel broadcast is
> scheduled to be dropped on November 20th and the VLF modified Goliath array
> is scheduled to be dropped on the 5th of December.  The center tower in the
> Goliath array is 1200 feet high and is surrounded by 800 foot towers.
>
> The AMRAD radio club had the good fortune of using these fallow antennas
> over the past few months to see what we might learn.  The Goliath is
> indeed an excellent VLF and LF receiving antenna and I will be working on
> an article describing some of our exploits and observations.
>
> Frank Gentges K0BRA
>
> On Sun, 14 Nov 1999, Don Burns wrote:
>
> > On the news a couple of nights ago footage was shown of a couple of towers
> > being knocked down in Maryland. Comment was that the towers were very old.
> > A large array was visible in the background. Were these towers a part of
> > the old NSS array?
> >
> > Don Burns
> > K9AWV
> > Fort Lauderdale FL     USA





From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Kevin Ravenhill" <k_ravenhill@radiometrix.co.uk>
To: "RSGB LF Group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
References: <E11nLyu-0000yp-00@mserv1a.u-net.net>
Subject: Re: LF: Simple receivers for 136kHz
Date: Mon, 15 Nov 1999 15:10:32 -0000
Organization: Radiometrix Ltd.
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Mike, G3XDV wrote:

> I could hear DCF39 at S9+ and
> copied MM0ALM (650km) loud and clear. To a beginner this might
> indicate that all was well. But what I could not hear was the Greek
> RTTY which was S7 on the converter, the Loran or any static. The
> difference was remarkable.
>
> As I have said before, if you don't get a HUGE signal from DCF39
> compared to your noise level, and can't hear the RTTY just below
> 136kHz most of the time, and can't hear Loran and/or static all of the
> time, you may need to increase the receiver system gain. This may
> also involve improving front end selectivity.


Quite agree Mike. I did originally try this receiver without its 1st RF
preamplifier stage and the performance was very disappointing - no Loran
etc. just as you describe. This despite the receiver having an apparently
adequate sensitivity (<0.2uV MDS) when measured using a 50 ohm feed from a
signal generator. I'll certainly be interested in your findings re. the
IC706.

With the additional preamp I can hear Loran loud and clear along with
(almost depressing!) amounts of static. The Greek RTTY is always there,
usually peaking at around S6-7 estimated (except at night when it increases
markedly in strength, and particularly this last weekend when it was S9+
during the daytime).

Narrow filtering fairly early on in the audio chain is absolutely essential
with this receiver though, otherwise DCF39 is so strong that it completely
swamps the audio stages!

73

Kevin, G1HDQ.





From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Mon, 15 Nov 1999 19:02:20
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: "Rik Strobbe" <rik.strobbe@fys.kuleuven.ac.be>
Subject: LF: new visual-CW techniques
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For those who want to know how a visual-CW signal looks like with the FSK
system as described in my previous mails :
I made a small (10k) JPEG file for 'dry testing', send me a mail (direct -
not via reflector) and I will send you the JPEG file as reply so you can
check yourself how easy (or difficult) it is to 'decode' the signal.

73, Rik  ON7YD

rik.strobbe@fys.kuleuven.ac.be




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Johan Bodin" <sm6lkm.jbeab@swipnet.se>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: LF: Special LF event
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Hello All,


SM6PXJ, SM0AOM and I are planning a 137 kHz dxpedition to
the transmitting site in Karlsborg on Saturday November 27.
We are going to use the old "T" antenna which is about 210
meters high.

- The special callsign will be 7S6SAJ.
- We will bring equipment for slow CW / QRSS / VCW.
- We will probably get permission to use more than 1W ERP.

We have not yet decided on frequencies, sked times etc.
Suggestions are welcome.


Stay tuned for more information.

73 de Johan Bodin, SM6LKM




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Steve Olney" <ollaneg@zeta.org.au>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: Re: LF: Re: Re: RE: CFA
Date: Tue, 16 Nov 1999 07:18:09 +1100
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G'day Väinö,

> 
> Real hams don't worry about blood pressures....
>

Tsk, Tsk...   Hams are supposed to be kind and considerate to others :-)

>
> CFA debate has been going on for about 10 years now
> especially on NEC reflector, so there is no reason
> whatsoever to set up another group.
>

Yes, you are right.  I will delete the group I had set up.

I am curious, there has been a lot of talk of BC stations using CFAs.   As
mentioned before there is one here in Sydney Australia.   Surely with these
BC installations being commissioned around the world some of you guys must
be close to some of them.  They would be very useful to test the on air
performance of the CFAs as there is usually heaps of comparisons stations
in the vicinity.

P.S. - No more CFA from me on this LF reflector.

> 
> PS Steve, you don't have any idea who is Auroral
>    studies coordinator in your Region...?
> 

Haven't the foggiest, sorry.

73s Steve Olney (VK2ZTO/AXSO - QF56IK : Lat -33 34 07, Long +150 44 40)
=============================================
LowFer URL:
http://www.zeta.org.au/~ollaneg/lowfer.htm
AXSO LF Experimental Station URL:
http://www.zeta.org.au/~ollaneg/axsoextx.htm
LF Receiving - FRG-100, CHA antenna
LF Transmitting - 177.5/177.4kHz 8W - 7.6m vertical or CHA
Modes - AM, SSB, PSK31, SSTV, Hellschreiber, QRSS
and a new experimental mode - FDK.  See this URL for more:
http://www.zeta.org.au/~ollaneg/FDK.htm
=============================================


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: LF: Re : Ropex Mods
References: <E11nJTd-0006HN-00@mserv1b.u-net.net>
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Hello Group,
May be I can give some suggestions/hints.
Hope you will succeed, gd luck !
And pse let us all know your experiences.
73
Jaap/pa3guc

Mike Dennison wrote:

> > I would be glad to supply detailed instructions on the process to anyone
> > contemplating the re-crystallization (?) of a Ropex.
> > 73
> > Andre' N4ICK
> > ************************
> Andre,
>
> I will be getting a Ropex Tx as a Christmas present for my portable
> work. Please let me have details of the crystal mods.

I modified the prototype of the Ropex (in fact the real First, hi).
Nico/pa2njn operates it .
It was very easy to make that modification. I can't give details of the
mods
in particular, cause the PCB of the produced Ropex differs from the
prototype.
I can imagine, you have to make minor modification(s) to the pcb.

Just order an X-tal ; f.e. for SCW 48 x 137.7 = 6609.6 kHz (The used
x-tal is
a standard cheap x-tal (6.5536 MHz) other freqs have to be ordered, I
think.
You will have to check how to place/connect the 2nd X-tal and thumble
switch
on the print and front panel, I cannot give suggestions for that..
It might be possible to make a third frequency just by switching the
x-tals
parallel to each other ! I don't have experience with that, so it has to
be checked out.

> I have a synthesizer for 136kHz. Can this be used to drive the
> Ropex? Are there snags, like it blows up if there's no drive?

No, for  the Ropex oscillator runs on 273 kHz ( the 4060 acts as a
24-divider).
Don't even try to let it run on 136 or 273 directly; Two defective Fets
are a
great risk! The best way is like I did, also Albert/PA0AWN worked this
way.
I made Vfo mod. for Nico's set. I placed a BNC connector in the front
panel. Next to this connector I placed the thumble switch to select
either the original X-tal,
or the VFO-input.
Nico's Vfo's freq is around the x-tal freq and only replaces the X-tal.
Because a lack of space around the oscillator circuit of Nico's set I
made
this mod very simple. I believe to have used pin nr 11 of the IC (a
4060) for the VFO output (50 Ohm ).
I will check this for sure (Nico has to open his set for that).
The VFO output is 100 mW, but can be less I suppose.
Nico is working a few weeks already with this modification.


When there is no Osc. drive a RC oscillator of the Fet-driver IC will
take
over oscillation to prevent the FETs from breaking down. The output freq
was abt 73
kHz(?!), but I don't think this is wise to use, because the output trafo
has been designed for 136 kHz and this freq. is not stable !

> Ideally, I would like to run two crystals, preferably with VXO
> capability (one for normal CW, one for QRSs) but also have a
> socket for the synth.
> 73
> Mike, G3XDV



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From: WarmSpgs@aol.com
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Date: Mon, 15 Nov 1999 17:08:26 EST
Subject: Re: LF: Re: visual-CW
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In a message dated 11/14/99 10:49:15 PM Eastern Standard Time, 
Melv@xtra.co.nz writes:

<< I am a little confused about the tests you describe Rik. If you eliminate
 the time gaps between a string of dots then you just get a long dash so I
 assume you are shifting frequency after each "element" rather than one
 frequency for dots and another for dashes? >>

Such a measure should not be necessary, according to some crude simulations I 
have tried.  The presence of a long dash at what is intended to be the dot 
frequency clearly stands out as implying multiple dots.  If one has access to 
the time scale, it's not difficult at all to read the number of dots (or 
dashes!) represented by a prolonged presence of signal at either frequency; 
at least, as long as one knows ahead of time, or can deduce from seeing a few 
dot-dash sequences, what the dot period is.  Looks as if Rik has devised a 
really efficient form of time compression here.  Varicode for the eyes!

73,
John  KD4IDY


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From: WarmSpgs@aol.com
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Date: Mon, 15 Nov 1999 17:18:47 EST
Subject: Re: LF: new visual-CW techniques
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Oops.  Just after I posted my previous note on this subject, a new batch of 
mail arrived from the reflector with Rik's additional notes.  Will be 
requesting the JPEG as Rik mentioned; rather eager to see how closely it 
resembles my own results.

73,
John  KD4IDY


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Keith Ballinger" <kballinger@idirect.com>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: LF: RE: Re : Ropex Mods
Date: Mon, 15 Nov 1999 19:12:44 -0500
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At the risk of appearing ignorant - what is a Ropex "First"?? I assume it is
a 136kHz transmitter, but what's the spec? Also, are there any other
commercial LF rigs on the market in Europe (other than rx up-converters)?

Regards,
Keith Ballinger VA3QF
NEPEAN, Ontario, CANADA

E-mail: kballinger@idirect.com



-----Original Message-----
From: majordom@post.thorcom.com [mailto:majordom@post.thorcom.com]On
Behalf Of J.M. Valstar
Sent: Monday, November 15, 1999 4:53 PM
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: LF: Re : Ropex Mods


Hello Group,
May be I can give some suggestions/hints.
Hope you will succeed, gd luck !
And pse let us all know your experiences.
73
Jaap/pa3guc

Mike Dennison wrote:

> > I would be glad to supply detailed instructions on the process to anyone
> > contemplating the re-crystallization (?) of a Ropex.
> > 73
> > Andre' N4ICK
> > ************************
> Andre,
>
> I will be getting a Ropex Tx as a Christmas present for my portable
> work. Please let me have details of the crystal mods.

I modified the prototype of the Ropex (in fact the real First, hi).
Nico/pa2njn operates it .
It was very easy to make that modification. I can't give details of the
mods
in particular, cause the PCB of the produced Ropex differs from the
prototype.
I can imagine, you have to make minor modification(s) to the pcb.

Just order an X-tal ; f.e. for SCW 48 x 137.7 = 6609.6 kHz (The used
x-tal is
a standard cheap x-tal (6.5536 MHz) other freqs have to be ordered, I
think.
You will have to check how to place/connect the 2nd X-tal and thumble
switch
on the print and front panel, I cannot give suggestions for that..
It might be possible to make a third frequency just by switching the
x-tals
parallel to each other ! I don't have experience with that, so it has to
be checked out.

> I have a synthesizer for 136kHz. Can this be used to drive the
> Ropex? Are there snags, like it blows up if there's no drive?

No, for  the Ropex oscillator runs on 273 kHz ( the 4060 acts as a
24-divider).
Don't even try to let it run on 136 or 273 directly; Two defective Fets
are a
great risk! The best way is like I did, also Albert/PA0AWN worked this
way.
I made Vfo mod. for Nico's set. I placed a BNC connector in the front
panel. Next to this connector I placed the thumble switch to select
either the original X-tal,
or the VFO-input.
Nico's Vfo's freq is around the x-tal freq and only replaces the X-tal.
Because a lack of space around the oscillator circuit of Nico's set I
made
this mod very simple. I believe to have used pin nr 11 of the IC (a
4060) for the VFO output (50 Ohm ).
I will check this for sure (Nico has to open his set for that).
The VFO output is 100 mW, but can be less I suppose.
Nico is working a few weeks already with this modification.


When there is no Osc. drive a RC oscillator of the Fet-driver IC will
take
over oscillation to prevent the FETs from breaking down. The output freq
was abt 73
kHz(?!), but I don't think this is wise to use, because the output trafo
has been designed for 136 kHz and this freq. is not stable !

> Ideally, I would like to run two crystals, preferably with VXO
> capability (one for normal CW, one for QRSs) but also have a
> socket for the synth.
> 73
> Mike, G3XDV



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Petr Maly" <p.maly@gmc.net>
To: "136 group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
References: <002b01bf2fa1$2773bdc0$ab6997d4@oemcomputer>
Subject: LF: Re: Special LF event
Date: Tue, 16 Nov 1999 08:57:23 +0100
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Hello LowFers,
It seems that the last weekend of this month will be full of events.
As far as I know also expedition to GI is planned. To join the clump, I will
perhaps go to the cottage to be QRV too. Having made a narrow AF CW filter I
hope to make more countries on normal CW, but I will take Visual CW gear as
well. The expedition is weather depending, I will info you later.

73! Petr, OK1FIG



----- Original Message -----
From: Johan Bodin <sm6lkm.jbeab@swipnet.se>
To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: Monday, November 15, 1999 8:39 PM
Subject: LF: Special LF event


> Hello All,
>
>
> SM6PXJ, SM0AOM and I are planning a 137 kHz dxpedition to
> the transmitting site in Karlsborg on Saturday November 27.
> We are going to use the old "T" antenna which is about 210
> meters high.
>
> - The special callsign will be 7S6SAJ.
> - We will bring equipment for slow CW / QRSS / VCW.
> - We will probably get permission to use more than 1W ERP.
>
> We have not yet decided on frequencies, sked times etc.
> Suggestions are welcome.
>
>
> Stay tuned for more information.
>
> 73 de Johan Bodin, SM6LKM
>
>
>




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Mike Dennison" <mike.dennison@rsgb.org.uk>
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Subject: Re: LF: RE: Re : Ropex Mods
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> At the risk of appearing ignorant - what is a Ropex "First"?? I assume it is
> a 136kHz transmitter, but what's the spec? Also, are there any other
> commercial LF rigs on the market in Europe (other than rx up-converters)?
> 
> Regards,
> Keith Ballinger VA3QF
> NEPEAN, Ontario, CANADA
> 

It's a xtal controlled 120W 12V Tx designed and built in Holland. It is 
available in the UK from Nevada (info@nevada.co.uk). A review of 
the Tx by G3YXM was published in Radio Today, June 99 
(sales@rsgb.org.uk).


Mike, G3XDV (IO91VT)
http://www.dennison.demon.co.uk/activity.htm



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From: "Dick Rollema" <d.w.rollema@gironet.nl>
To: "LF-Group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>, 
 "Koos Fockens, PA0KDF" <K.Fockens@iaf.nl>,
 "Koos Fockens, PA0KDF" <kf@nedap.nl>, 
 "Jaap Kroon, PA0IF" <jaapkroon@wxs.nl>,
 "Hans Peltzer, PA0HRP" <peltzer@gironet.nl>, 
 "Ger van Went, PA0GER" <van.went@hetnet.nl>
Subject: LF: Earth or counterpoise?
Date: Tue, 16 Nov 1999 16:09:52 +0100
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD W3 HTML//EN">
<HTML>
<HEAD>

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<DIV><FONT size=2>To All from PA0SE</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000><FONT size=2>There has been some discussion on the 
reflector about the use of a counterpoise. I therefore did some modelling using 
Brian Beezley's (K6STI)&nbsp; computer programs NEC/WIRES and ANTENNA 
OPTIMIZER.</FONT></FONT><FONT size=2></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000><FONT size=2></FONT></FONT><FONT 
size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2>There are an almost infinite number of antenna and 
counterpoise configurations possible so I had to make choises. I believe them to 
be fairly typical but it is up to you to decide whether this is 
true.&nbsp;</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2>I made the following assumptions.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2>1. The antenna is an inverted-L with a vertical leg of 10 
metres and a horizontal top wire of 20 metres.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2>2.&nbsp; As a reference antenna I used the one under 1, fed 
against earth; the earth resistance assumed to be 50 ohm. (If you know the&nbsp; 
earth resistance in your own situation you can use that value and correct the 
total resistance in the table for the difference with 50 ohm.)</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2>3.&nbsp; The counterpoise is a horizontal wire of 20 meters in 
the same direction as the top of the antenna and at a height of 3 metres, so you 
won't trip over or run into it.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2>4.&nbsp; The loading coil has a Q of 
300.&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2>5.&nbsp;&nbsp; Antenna and counterpoise are made of 1.5 mm 
copper wire (16 SWG)</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000><FONT size=2>6.&nbsp;&nbsp; The loading coil is 
connected between the lower end of the vertical antenna leg and the 
counterpoise. There is no connection to earth so the whole antenna system is 
floating.</FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000><FONT size=2></FONT></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000><FONT size=2>7.&nbsp;&nbsp; For ground constants I used 
terms and figures from CCIR Recommendation&nbsp; 368-7: <EM>GROUND-WAVE 
PROPAGATION CURVES FOR FREQUENCIES BETWEEN 10 kHz AND 30 MHz. 
</EM></FONT></FONT><FONT size=2></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000><EM><FONT size=2></FONT></FONT><FONT 
size=2></EM></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2>A problem with NEC/WIRES is that it produces the resistive 
part of the impedance in the feedpoint as the result of losses in the wires + 
earth losses + radiation resistance, but not the radiation resistance 
separately. To get around this problem I modelled two cases in which there is no 
ground resistance and the radiation resistance could be derived from the 
modelling: </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2>A.&nbsp; Antenna plus counterpoise in free space: radiation 
resistance 17.8 milli-ohm</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2>B.&nbsp; Antenna plus counterpoise over perfect ground: 
radiation resistance 30 milli-ohm.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2>For real ground, going from very good to very poor,&nbsp; I 
used (un?)educated guesses between these two values.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><STRONG><FONT size=2>Case&nbsp; Ground&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
Conductivity&nbsp;&nbsp; Diel. Const.&nbsp;&nbsp; Rad&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
Cant&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Lcoil&nbsp; Rtotal&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
<FONT color=#ff0000>Efficiency</FONT>&nbsp; </STRONG></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><STRONG><FONT 
size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
S/m&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
ohm&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; pF&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
mH&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
ohm&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
%</STRONG></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000><FONT size=2></FONT></FONT><FONT 
size=2></FONT><STRONG></STRONG>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000><FONT 
size=2><STRONG>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
</STRONG><FONT color=#0000ff>Reference antenna, no counterpoise, fed against 
earth</FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT size=2></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000><FONT size=2></FONT></FONT><FONT 
size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 face="" size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
50 ohms used instead&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
0.022&nbsp;&nbsp; 176&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 7.69&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
50.22&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 0.030</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 face="" size=2></FONT><FONT color=#000000 
size=2>&nbsp;</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2></FONT><FONT 
size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
<FONT color=#0000ff>Antenna with counterpoise</FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
ideal&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
0.030&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 74&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 18.2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
52.8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 0.057</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
land&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
30.0&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
40&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
0.027&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 74&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 18.2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
53.0&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 0.053</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; wet 
ground&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
10.0&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
30&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
0.023&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 74&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 18.2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
53.3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 0.043</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
land&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
3.0&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
22&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
0.020&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 74&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 18.2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
54.4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 0.037</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 6&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; dry 
ground&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
0.3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
0.019&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 74&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 18.2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
70.100&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 0.027</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; very dry 
ground&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
0.1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
0.018&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 74&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 18.2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
111&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
0.018</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2>In case of the counterpoise the snag is obviously the low 
antenna capacitance and as a result the big loading coil, a real 
monster.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2>This can be improved by increasing&nbsp; the &quot;capture 
area&quot; of the counterpoise by increasing the number and length of its wires, 
so</FONT><FONT color=#000000 size=2> increasing its capacitance to aerial and 
earth and as a bonus less loss in the coil. Increasing the top loading also 
helps of course</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2>The increase of total resistance when going from good&nbsp; to 
poorer ground is caused by increasing earth losses. This shows that the electric 
field lines run not only between the antenna and the counterpoise but for a part 
also between antenna and earth and then back via the capacitance from earth to 
counterpoise. To check this I lowered the whole antenna system for case 5 so 
that the counterpoise was only 0.5 m instead of 3 m high. This increased the 
antenna capacitance from 74 to 79 pF. As the capacitance between antenna and 
counterpoise can not have changed it must be the capacitance to earth that went 
up. Also earth loss resistance increased by 5.4 ohm. This is a undesirable 
effect so it pays to keep the counterpoise well off the ground.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2>It is not absolutely necessary to have the counterpoise under 
the top of the antenna. I also modelled case 5 but with the counterpoise wire in 
the opposite direction to the antenna top wire. Assuming Rrad = 0.020 ohm again 
the result is a capacitance of 73 pF, a total resistance of 56.6 ohm and an 
efficiency of 0.035%, so hardly different.&nbsp; </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2>Concluding we can say that under the above assumptions it 
depends on the earth resistance in case of feeding against earth (here assumed 
to be 50 ohms)&nbsp; whether a counterpoise is a useful 
substitution.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>As the loading coil is not connected to earth 
you cannot connect the transmitter to a tap on the coil. Link coupling has to be 
used instead. I would first excite the system lightly via a one turn link and 
with a neon lamp or fluorescent tube find the &quot;cold&quot; point on the 
coil. The final link can then be positioned at that point of minimum voltage. 
</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 face="" 
size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 face="" size=2></FONT><FONT color=#000000 size=2>As a 
final remark it is interesting to note that in the early days of radio, for 
instance in the ARRL Transatlantic Test of the early twenties, stations 
invariably used antennas with counterpoises, oft in the form of wire cages. 
Frequencies in those tests were between 1.5 and 2 MHz.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 face="" size=2>73, Dick, PA0SE</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 face="" size=2>JO22GD</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 face="" size=2>D.W. Rollema</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 face="" size=2>V.d. Marckstraat 5</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 face="" size=2>2352 RA Leiderdorp</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 face="" size=2>The Netherlands</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 face="" size=2>Tel. +31 71 589 27 34</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 face="" size=2>E-mail: <A 
href="mailto:d.w.rollema@gironet.nl">d.w.rollema@gironet.nl</A> or <A 
href="mailto:pa0se@amsat.org">pa0se@amsat.org</A></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 face="" size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 face="" size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV></BODY></HTML>

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Date: Tue, 16 Nov 1999 18:14:57
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: "Rik Strobbe" <rik.strobbe@fys.kuleuven.ac.be>
Subject: Re: LF: Earth or counterpoise?
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A question to Dick :

>A.  Antenna plus counterpoise in free space: radiation resistance 17.8
milli-ohm

Did you calculate the capacitance of this 'free-space' model ?

I ask this because further you mention that the antenna against ground had
a capacitance of 176pF while the antenna against the counterpoise has a
capacitance of 74pF.

I wonder of this 74pF is completely a 'direct' capacitance between antenna
and counterpoise or there is also a 'antenna to ground to counterpoise'
component.
This last component could be very 'lossy' (and unwanted).
The fact that there is so little difference in antennacapacitance between
the counterpoise direct under the antenna and the counterpoise opposite to
the antenna could suggest that the main part of the antennacapacitance is
not direct antenna - counterpoise but first antenna to ground and then
ground to counterpoise.


Mike, G3XDV mentioned in his mail that with counterpoise he had much less
antennacurrent. He also said that both antenna and counterpoise had their
own loadingcoil and both seperately were tuned to ground. This procedure
should favour the current from the antenna to ground and then from ground
to counterpoise, instead of a direct antenna-counterpoise current. This
could explain the low current.
Maybe it would be better to tune counterpoise and antenna against each
other (if they each have their own coil) or just use 1 big coil as Dick
suggests.

73, Rik  ON7YD


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Date: Tue, 16 Nov 1999 18:30:48
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: "Rik Strobbe" <rik.strobbe@fys.kuleuven.ac.be>
Subject: LF: aurora propagation
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Strong aurora is reported on 50MHz and 144MHz, last winter this was often a
sign for good propagation on 136kHz in northern directions !
So if QRN is not too bad this might be a good evening on LF.

73, Rik  ON7YD


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From: "Christer Andersson" <sm6pxj@swipnet.se>
To: "RSGB LF group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: GI3KEV location?
Date: Tue, 16 Nov 1999 21:54:55 +0100
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<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>I just worked Mal, GI3KEV on 136. What is his 
exact location/locator? Cookstown?</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>73</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>Christer</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV></BODY></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "M. Sanders \(PA3BSH\)" <misan@xs4all.nl>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: LF: RE: Tuned radial
Date: Tue, 16 Nov 1999 22:09:58 +0100
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Dear Mike and All,

I am using a 'tuned conterpoise' on HF for a long time now. The systems
electrical setup equals a tuned series circuit (in fact the same as the
vertical earial it self). The point is this circuit has a series resonating
resistance wich unfortunately on LF can not be made as low as the resistance
of the existing earth system that is parallel to it. Only at extremely high
tuning coil Q's this system will start to work. But the effords on making a
high Q coil is better put to work for the loading coil it self HI. I am
afraid Finbar's results are actually caused by the galvanic impovement on
his earth system by adding the extra wire.

Greetings and best 73's

Michael Sanders, PA3BSH
mailto:pa3bsh@amsat.org


> -----Oorspronkelijk bericht-----
> Van: majordom@post.thorcom.com [mailto:majordom@post.thorcom.com]namens
> Mike Dennison
> Verzonden: maandag 15 november 1999 11:05
> Aan: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
> Onderwerp: LF: Tuned radial
>
>
> At the weekend, I tried using a tuned radial instead of my earth
> stakes. This followed Finbar's recent success.
>
> I ran a single wire up the garden - about 20m - one metre high. I
> tuned it by using it as an antenna tuned against ground and
> adjusting a series loading coil for resonance. The normal antenna
> was then reconnected and the tuned radial used instead of earth.
>
> Unfortunately, I could not get any current into it at all, even though
> the antenna resonated at about the right frequency.
>
> Any thoughts?
>
> Mike, G3XDV (IO91VT)
> http://www.dennison.demon.co.uk/activity.htm
>
>
>



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Des Kostryca" <des@kostryca.freeserve.co.uk>
To: "RSGB LF_Group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: Re:Simple Receivers For 136kHz
Date: Tue, 16 Nov 1999 22:26:09 -0800
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Mike Dennison wrote:

>However, here's where the trap lies. I could hear >DCF39 at S9+ and

>copied MM0ALM (650km) loud and clear. To a >beginner this might

>indicate that all was well. But what I could not hear >was the Greek

>RTTY which was S7 on the converter, the Loran or >any static.

and....
>if you don't get a HUGE signal from DCF39

>compared to your noise level, and can't hear the >RTTY just below

>136kHz most of the time, and can't hear Loran >and/or static all of the

>time, you may need to increase the receiver system >gain.



I most certainly fell in to this trap and actually reduced sensitivity of my
system at one point thinking I would improve dynamic range. Oops!  I have
now corrected my error and have spent the past few weeks improving front end
selectivity and sensitivity with positive results. I can now hear background
noise, static crash etc and the RTTY signal at 136kHz. However, I have so
far not heard Loran but to be honest I don't really know what Loran
interference sounds like. So I wonder if someone could please describe for
me the sound of Loran so I may identify the signal in future.

Many thanks and regards to all on the list.



Des.

Des Kostryca (M0AYF)  G.Q.R.P. no. 9788
I.A.R.U.  loc.  IO93OJ  W.A.B.  SK89
Member of the N.B.T.V.A.







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From: "LAWRENCE MAYHEAD" <LAURIE@g3aqc.freeserve.co.uk>
To: "rsgb lf group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: re.Ropex Mods J.M.Valstar
Date: Tue, 16 Nov 1999 22:26:09 -0000
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<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>If 4060 used as Xtal oscillator/divider you 
could replace xtal with tuned circuit.I use this in my exciter and it is quite 
stable.73 laurie G3AQC.</FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Alan Melia" <Alan.Melia@btinternet.com>
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Subject: LF: counterpoises ??
Date: Tue, 16 Nov 1999 23:45:10 -0000
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Hi all , I have been fascinated by the various ideas and results on using
counterpoises. One thing occurs to me is that I am not sure whether Finbar
reported RESONATING his counterpoise, he did talk about TUNING it with a
spare ATU.  I am not sure whether this means that for the best operation the
counterpoise might not be resonant. I must admit that is at first sight
counter-intuitive, as one would expect reactive currents to increase the
losses. Finbar's was about 15  foot above ground I think, and I suppose his
extensive earth mat (HI HI) would still be effective, even if not connected
to the system.

The upshot of this ramble is to question "does it make any difference if you
tune the counterpoise for maximum AERIAL current rather than resonate IT
like aerial"
My thoughts are that it is a complex system with the interaction with the
real ground and whole thing should be treated as an entity (maybe?) If this
proves to be the case it would be very difficult the model effectively. When
Mike described resonating the counterpoise, I wonder what he did with the
aerial? does it need to be detuned? or removed? A fascinating problem, with
lots of variables and lots of room for loads of frustration, but a germ of
something usefull perhaps.

Cheeers de Alan G3NYK
Alan.Melia@btinternet.com




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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References: <001601bf3074$d72307c0$5a2f97d4@win95.swipnet.se>
Subject: LF: Re: GI3KEV location?
Date: Tue, 16 Nov 1999 21:30:58 -0000
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<DIV><FONT size=2>Congratulations, that's another first!</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2>Cookstown is about 50km West of Belfast on the opposite side 
of the big lake (Lough Neag).</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2>73, Dave G3YXM.<BR></DIV></FONT>
<BLOCKQUOTE 
style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px">
  <DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>I just worked Mal, GI3KEV on 136. What is his 
  exact location/locator? Cookstown?</FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
  <DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>73</FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>Christer</FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></BODY></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Tue, 16 Nov 1999 20:07:40 EST
Subject: Re: LF: Earth or counterpoise?
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
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Hello Dick / Group.

I have read through Dick's analysis, of the counterpoise / earth comparison 
and have a little trouble trying to realise the antennas described. It's 
quite late and I'll probably see the obvious tomorrow.......but after I've 
sent this mail.

In essence, my problem is   "when is a counterpoise not a radial"

1)  The antenna has a loading coil to resonate it......with a length of wire 
running under the main span of the antenna called a "counterpoise".  If the 
"counterpoise" is not resonant, should it not simply be considered an earth 
radial which works due to its capacitance / proximity to ground? Or I guess 
that for the purposes of analysis the two coils could be combined and fed at 
a tap.

2)  Mike has (this weekend's report) experimented with a resonant wire 
instead of his earth system without success, but I understand the idea here, 
as a series resonant circuit ( or one quarter wavelength wire)  will present 
a low impedance at its point of connection.......Or, if you like, a signal is 
returned after travelling a total of 0.5 wavelengths and therefore arrives 
back at the feedpoint 180 degrees out of phase producing a cancelling effect.

Unfortunately, the losses associated with a coil are usually high and using 
this technique to resonate a short counterpoise would probably introduce 
substantial losses.

Similarly,  if a full 0.25 wavelength wire were used, I imagine its proximity 
to ground would also introduce losses. How high above ground are the popular 
160m "elevated radials"?

One other possibility to achieve a low impedance "earth" is to use a drum of 
transmission line cut for resonance. ( a quarterwave stub) .....OK, it's 
about 300m for normal coax with a 0.667 V.F.   but the losses at 136k would 
be low.

3)  Finally. If a short vertical is resonated with a coil  and then, with the 
system isolated from ground, a counterpoise wire is added - and resonated.  
Isn't this just a loaded dipole with one leg close to the ground and the 
other vertical?  If so, then the highest radiation resistance of this 
configuration should be achieved when the two sections are in line i.e. an 
improvement of about 50%. It seems that everyone is looking at antennas 
worked against ground and not exploring self-resonance within the antenna. 
(loop owners excepted..)
I wonder where the "equilibrium" is in the comparison of a short vertical 
operated against a poor earth and a loaded "dipole type" antenna operated 
close to the ground?

No wonder there are so many antenna books around
and then there's the CFA.......Whoops Sri.

Goodnight  es 73


David


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Graeme Zimmer" <gzimmer@bigpond.com>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
References: <000801bf30c4$a3d60a20$d605883e@default>
Subject: LF: Re: Re:Simple Receivers For 136kHz
Date: Wed, 17 Nov 1999 17:58:32 +1100
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Hi Des,

> However, I have so
> far not heard Loran but to be honest I don't really know what Loran
> interference sounds like. So I wonder if someone could please describe for
> me the sound of Loran so I may identify the signal in future.

There are a number of collections of Radio sounds on the Web.

One is at ..

http://www.wunclub.com/sounds/index.html


cheers ............... Zim ................ VK3GJZ



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: =?iso-8859-1?Q?V=E4in=F6_Lehtoranta?= <vaiski@dlc.fi>
Subject: Re: LF: aurora propagation
In-reply-to: <3.0.1.16.19991116183048.24e74310@mail.cc.kuleuven.ac.be>
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Listening report 16 Nov 1999:
(by OH2LX 60N34 024E58)

21++ OH3LYG testing
2155 OZ1KMR calling CQ
2212 SM6PXJ working EI0CF (EI0CF not hrd hr)
2234 MM0ALM calling CQ (loud and clear)
2300 OZ5N working EI0CF (EI0CF not hrd hr)
2302 OH1TN working EI0CF (EI0CF not hrd hr)
2314 OH1TN calling IK5ZPV
2325 OH1TN calling IK5ZPV (giving 559)

My Rx: AR-7030 Plus; Ant: 15 m wire ONLY

No Aurora, some MS pings reported...
----------------------------------------

At 18:30 16.11.1999, you wrote:
>Strong aurora is reported on 50MHz and 144MHz, last winter this was
>often a >sign for good propagation on 136kHz in northern directions !
>So if QRN is not too bad this might be a good evening on LF.
>
>73, Rik  ON7YD

----------------------------------------------------------
V.K.Lehtoranta, OH2LX, POBox 50, FIN-05401 Jokela, Finland
------ Tel: +358-9-4173965 ---- Fax: +358-9-4173961 ------
E-mail: vaiski@dlc.fi - alias: oh2lx@dlc.fi & oh2lx@sral.fi


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 "Steve Baugh" <100042.134@compuserve.com>
Subject: Re: LF: aurora propagation
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On Tuesday evening, 16th November 1999, Rik ON7YD wrote:

> Strong aurora is reported on 50MHz and 144MHz, last winter this was often a
> sign for good propagation on 136kHz in northern directions !
> So if QRN is not too bad this might be a good evening on LF.
>

16th November:08:15 G4GVC (sent 589; received 5 7/8 9)
19:51 EI0CF (579; 449)
20:21 GI3KEV (589; 559)
20:35 OH1TN (569; 339)
20:58 HB9ASB (569; 459)

When I arrived home from work at 18:30 UT, I listened briefly to 136 kHz before
our evening meal.  I heard a very strange noise across the whole of the 136 kHz
band.  It sounded rather like a mixture of cross-modulation/inter-modulation
plus Luxembourg Effect.  But dinner was waiting, so I could not consider the
matter further.

Later in the evening the strange noise had disappeared, and had been replaced
by very low QRN and lots of amateur signals.  I worked Finbar on my 12 m
vertical, and then heard OZ5N at S7.  The air was still, so I inflated some
balloons quickly, and got my 20 m vertical flying.  I didn't work either of the
OZs, but did manage fine QSOs with Mal; Reino; and Toni.

I did not read Rik's Email until later that evening, but conditions did appear
to be above average, with low QRN.  Did anyone else hear any 'strange noise' at
about 18:30?

Regards to all,
Steve GW4ALG




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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We're currently building and setting up a station for 136
at our radio club (LA1K in Trondheim, Norway (JP53EK)).

A station, which I think from postings here, that have to be DCF39 is
rather strong on our preliminary antenna setup.  I wonder if anyone
knows the ERP of this station?   The signal "characteristics" was
a steady mark for about 10-12 seconds, then a burst of data.  The
data rate must have been somewhere in the range 100-300 baud.
Can anyone confirm this?  ..and is it transmitting anything 
"intelligent" ? :)

We're going to expand out receiving setup with a new loop and
a new pre-amp duing the next couple of days.  What would be a
good time of day to listen for amateur activity (we're slow CW
and PSK31-capable at least) ?  I guess we'd like to receive
someone before we build an amplifier :)

Regards
Magne / la1bfa


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Steve Rawlings" <steve.rawlings@cableol.co.uk>
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I plan to be QRV on 136 kHz between 03:00 and 05:00 on Sunday, 21st
November, weather permitting.

I am very interested to learn more about LF propagation between these
times, so I hope some DX stations can also be QRV!

I propose to use normal-speed CW in the range 136.2 - 137.1 kHz.  Skeds
welcome.

Regards to all,
Steve GW4ALG
steve.rawlings@cableol.co.uk









From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Dick Rollema" <d.w.rollema@gironet.nl>
To: "LF-Group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: Re: LF: Earth or counterpoise  2
Date: Wed, 17 Nov 1999 11:00:45 +0100
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Rik, ON7YD wrote:

>A question to Dick :
>
>>A.  Antenna plus counterpoise in free space: radiation resistance 17.8
>milli-ohm
>
>Did you calculate the capacitance of this 'free-space' model ?
>
>I ask this because further you mention that the antenna against ground had
>a capacitance of 176pF while the antenna against the counterpoise has a
>capacitance of 74pF.
>
>I wonder of this 74pF is completely a 'direct' capacitance between antenna
>and counterpoise or there is also a 'antenna to ground to counterpoise'
>component.
>This last component could be very 'lossy' (and unwanted).
>The fact that there is so little difference in antennacapacitance between
>the counterpoise direct under the antenna and the counterpoise opposite to
>the antenna could suggest that the main part of the antennacapacitance is
>not direct antenna - counterpoise but first antenna to ground and then
>ground to counterpoise.
>

The antenna plus counterpoise in free space shows a capacitance of 72,4 pF.
The same system over perfect ground has a capacitance of 74 pF.
So one may tend to conclude that 74 - 72.4 = 1.6 pF is added to the
capacitance (antenna - counterpoise) by the two capacitances (antenna -
earth) and (counterpoise - earth) in series. But this cannot explain the
large influence of the ground constants on the total loss as this earth
loss resistance is only in series with the (counterpoise - earth)
capacitance.

I think the mirror effect of the earth completely modifies the field
line pattern, invalidating  the conclusion above.


>Mike, G3XDV mentioned in his mail that with counterpoise he had much less
>antennacurrent. He also said that both antenna and counterpoise had their
>own loadingcoil and both seperately were tuned to ground. This procedure
>should favour the current from the antenna to ground and then from ground
>to counterpoise, instead of a direct antenna-counterpoise current. This
>could explain the low current.
>Maybe it would be better to tune counterpoise and antenna against each
>other (if they each have their own coil) or just use 1 big coil as Dick
>suggests.
>
>73, Rik  ON7YD

As long as the system of antenna plus counterpoise is not connected to earth
it should make no difference whether antenna and counterpoise each have
their own coil or a single coil is used. The system as a whole is tuned to
resonance. Combining the two coils is advantageous however because a single
coil needs less turns to obtain a certain inductance than when turns are
divided
over two coils. The reason is the mutual inductance between turns that
comes in as  extra. So a single coil requires less wire and has lower
loss than two separate ones in series.

As to the points raised by David, G0MRF: "Counterpoise" is already very old
and dates back to the beginning of radio. I think "radial" came into use
when the ground plane antenna appeared on the scene.  Both have the same
function of replacing an earth connection. But it in case of the ground
plane the dimensions of radiator and radials are of the order of a quarter
wave, making the system resonant in itself and with a radiation resistance
of tens of ohms, resulting in low Q and relatively wide bandwidth. The
LF-antenna plus counterpoise however is a very high Q system and as a
consequence has a very narrow bandwidth; also  very high
voltages are involved.

"Can the system with antenna top wire and counterpoise wire in opposite
directions be considered as a dipole?"  David also asked.

One could call it a dipole but it won't radiate like one. On LF it is the
vertical polarized electric field component that is radiated as the far
field and that is generated by the current in the vertical leg of the
antenna.

I checked the radiation resistance of the complete system in case of top
wire and counterpoise wire in the same and in opposite directions. The
values  hardly differ (1.8%), which is also an indication that it is only
the vertical leg that does the radiation.


To understand how the system works it may perhaps help to visualize it
as a vertical radiator with a tuning coil to which a top wire and a bottom
wire
 (the counterpoise) are added as capacitor plates;
the whole thing operating as a tuned circuit.

73, Dick, PA0SE.







From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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GW4ALG wrote: 
> When I arrived home from work at 18:30 UT, I listened briefly to 136 kHz before
> our evening meal.  I heard a very strange noise across the whole of the 136 kHz
> band.  It sounded rather like a mixture of cross-modulation/inter-modulation
> plus Luxembourg Effect.  But dinner was waiting, so I could not consider the
> matter further.
> 

Yes, this has been clearly audible at various times this week, mainly 
between 137.5 and DCF39. It was apparent last winter, too. I recall 
discussion about whether or not this was really Luxemburg effect. It 
certainly coincides with evidence of skywave on the various 
commercial stations.

I listened early in the evening but missed the later DX!

Mike, G3XDV (IO91VT)
http://www.dennison.demon.co.uk/activity.htm



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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M0AYF wrote:

 I wonder if someone could please describe for
> me the sound of Loran so I may identify the signal in future.
> 

Peter, G3LDO, first descibed this as "galloping horses" which a 
good description of Loran in a narrow filter. Check the Loran on its 
centre frequency of 100kHz and you will hear it loud and clear. It 
decreases in amplitude as you get further away in frequency.



Mike, G3XDV (IO91VT)
http://www.dennison.demon.co.uk/activity.htm



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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GW4ALG wrote:
> I plan to be QRV on 136 kHz between 03:00 and 05:00 on Sunday, 21st
> November, weather permitting.
> 

I can get on at about 0400 and will call using normal CW and QRSs.


Mike, G3XDV (IO91VT)
http://www.dennison.demon.co.uk/activity.htm



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Wed, 17 Nov 1999 10:59:14 +0000
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: "Walter Blanchard" <blanch@pncl.co.uk>
Subject: LF: Reception
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Couple of points re recent emails:

E-field probes:
If you have or make an e-field probe antenna you will find that sticking it 
on top of a high mast makes an enormous difference to the signal strength. 
I have one for Decca (70-127 kHz) and another for DGPS (300 KHz).  Both are 
sticks about a foot long with low-noise pre-amps built in.  By putting them 
on top of my 60 ft mast  I added something like 30 dB to signal strengths 
and they produced signals not far short of what I get from my Top Band 
dipole strapped as a T-top. The reason is the concentration of the E-field 
around the top of a grounded metal mast and thus a considerable increase in 
effective height.  It does not work with H-field (loop) antennas.

Northerly propagation:
The last few weeks reception of northerly DGPS stations (300 kHz) up to 
2000 kms away has been excellent in the late evenings. Stations in Iceland; 
Sweden and Finland have been very good from about 1700 up to 0200. On one 
day I got continuous reception from Iceland (2000 kms) for almost 26 hours 
including daylight.  However, normally they fade out about 0200 and are 
very patchy from then on until 0600 when they go completely. This is quite 
different from last year when they came in at 2300 and lasted until 0900 or 
even 1000 next morning. Propagation from the Meditteranean is nothing like 
as good. How this reads across to 136 I'm not sure but there you are for 
what it's worth!

Walter G3JKV.
Walter Blanchard
Phone and Fax 01306 884359
Dorking, Surrey
RH4 2AN



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Christer Andersson" <can@westerstrand.se>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: SV: LF: QRV 03:00 21 November
Date: Wed, 17 Nov 1999 12:19:38 +0100
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I'll be there as well. Only normal CW.
/Christer, SM6PXJ

GW4ALG wrote:
>> I plan to be QRV on 136 kHz between 03:00 and 05:00 on Sunday, 21st
>> November, weather permitting.

>I can get on at about 0400 and will call using normal CW and QRSs.

>Mike, G3XDV (IO91VT)









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To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: "Walter Blanchard" <blanch@pncl.co.uk>
Subject: Re: LF: aurora propagation
In-reply-to: <E11o2ke-0003Ec-00@mserv1b.u-net.net>
References: <383262C4.338D9838@cableol.co.uk>
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>         GW4ALG wrote:
> > When I arrived home from work at 18:30 UT, I listened briefly to 136 
> kHz before
> > our evening meal.  I heard a very strange noise across the whole of the 
> 136 kHz
> > band.  It sounded rather like a mixture of 
> cross-modulation/inter-modulation
> > plus Luxembourg Effect.  But dinner was waiting, so I could not 
> consider the
> > matter further.
> >
>

         G3XDV wrote:


>Yes, this has been clearly audible at various times this week, mainly
>between 137.5 and DCF39. It was apparent last winter, too. I recall
>discussion about whether or not this was really Luxemburg effect. It
>certainly coincides with evidence of skywave on the various
>commercial stations.
>
>I listened early in the evening but missed the later DX!

The same effect was also present at these times on the 300 kHz beacon band.

Walter G3JKV.


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "LAWRENCE MAYHEAD" <LAURIE@g3aqc.freeserve.co.uk>
To: "rsgb lf group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: radials/counterpoises etc.
Date: Wed, 17 Nov 1999 15:59:50 -0000
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<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>Radial=Counterpoise,usually several radials 
required if buried up to 120! but only one counterpoise so to be effective it 
has to be resonated-if short add inductance,could use ant tuning coil as 
suggested but then very unbalanced whole tunig system &quot;up in the air to 
RF&quot;.so best to divide inductance to balance and make bottom ant coil near 
earth potential.Re elevated radials very effective on 80m at min 10 feet! so 
what about 136?Re drum transmission line -no point!line only looks like s/c so 
would not help but if elevated and strung out would mave shortened radial,but 
would need to be 300/400 feet long.Re 3 I agree. Hope all this helps 73 laurie 
G3AQC..</FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: WarmSpgs@aol.com
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Date: Wed, 17 Nov 1999 11:33:42 EST
Subject: Re: LF: Earth or counterpoise  2
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
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Just a couple of thoughts from an old broadcaster's perspective, if I may.  
The use of radials with an MF or LF vertical antenna has, for several 
decades, been more for the purpose of enhancing an earth connection  than 
replacing it.

A collection of (usually quarter-wavelength) radials can, of course, replace 
the earth connection entirely if it is sufficiently remote from earth, 
serving then as a ground plane.  In this instance, it is also possible to 
model such an antenna as a dipole with one half consisting entirely of end 
loading, though I don't know if there is any merit in doing so.

As one gets closer to earth, however, the current in each wire of the ground 
plane induces counterparts in the earth, and the inductive coupling between 
them means earth losses will show up in antenna losses even with no direct 
electrical connection.  At mediumwave broadcast frequencies, general practice 
has been to not try to separate the ground plane currents and induced earth 
currents, but to reduce losses as much as posible by placing the copper of 
our radials in amongst the earth currents.

To counter a misimpression that sometimes arises when discussing broadcast 
antennas, let me note that that approach was _not_ chosen because it results 
in the lowest losses; in practice, that seldom turns out to be the case.  
However, from an engineering approach, it is more practical to implement than 
any of the alternatives, and results in a stable antenna system of 
substantially predictable characteristics.

Alternatives that have been used in MF broadcasting include elevated radial 
systems (an approach developed using NEC) and counterpoises.  The distinction 
between them is that an elevated radial system does not attempt to isolate 
the radiator from earth entirely, but to reduce the coupling between the 
radials and the physical earth enough to minimize earth losses; whereas a 
counterpoise system attempts to "capture" all of the displacement current of 
the antenna by virtue of being maintained 180 electrical degrees apart from 
both the earth and the vertical element simultaneously.

The practical drawback of elevated radials is that both they and the base of 
the radiator have to be elevated 3 to 5 meters or more above the earth at 
mediumwave broadcast frequencies to show any net benefit.  I know of one 
elevated radial system here in the southeastern US (a region of terribly low 
soil conductivity) which reduced loss resistance in the antenna by one third. 
 It might have done better but for the difficulty of elevating all parts of 
the system any higher.

The practical drawback with counterpoises is the difficulty of establishing 
and maintaining the electrical balance between the counterpoise, antenna, and 
earth, necessary to minimize the currents flowing in the earth from the 
antenna itself.  In ideal circumstances, the earth currents are matched by 
currents of their own within the counterpoise, not related to the current in 
the antenna.  If the requisite balance is not achieved, though, the adverse 
interactions can cause losses to be worse than for a conventional ground 
system.

As a consequence of physical limitations most of us endure with our antenna 
systems, efforts to control losses generally follow the pattern established 
for MF work:  more metal in or above the ground.  Results, however, often 
differ from the expected.  Sometimes more radials enhance performance, but 
sometimes they don't.  Sometimes connections to water or gas mains help, and 
sometimes they hinder.  Why?

With the greater depth of skin effect at LF than MF, it appears the 
interaction of ground plane currents and earth currents is harder to judge by 
rule of thumb.  The earth connection most of us LowFERs achieve with radials 
at or near the surface is not nearly as close to the effective "virtual 
height" of ground as it would be at MF.  Thus, even with wires planted firmly 
in the soil, we have a system of radials hovering above the effective ground, 
with all the attendant losses via the induced currents below, yet 
simultaneously connected to that virtual ground by way of an infinite number 
of resistors due to the direct electrical contact with the surface.

Looked at in this way, our conventional ground systems aren't ground planes 
so much as counterpoise systems, matched (or mismatched) to their environment 
at random.  That might account for why one person adds ground rods to a 
system and improves his signal, whereas someone else does the same thing but 
increases his losses.  Same laws of physics at work...but different values 
for the variables, and hence a different way of having to look at them to 
achieve the desired result.

73,
John  KD4IDY


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "peter cleall" <peter.cleall@virgin.net>
To: "RSGB LF group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: Re: LF: aurora propagation
Date: Wed, 17 Nov 1999 16:00:27 -0000
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Steve,
slightly earlier in the evening I heard wideband noise across the LF band. I
can best describe it as like bacon and eggs frying in a pan. I have now
heard this 3 times in the last year and each time it seems to coincide with
major geomagnetic activity.
At 18.00 my neighbour switched on his TV and I had to switch from the long
wire to my indoor frame. This still does not mask the local noise
sufficiently to give any meaningful low noise results but does allow me to
hear the stronger stations on the band.

Location Yeovil in Somerset.

regards

peter G8AFN

-----Original Message-----
From: Steve Rawlings <steve.rawlings@cableol.co.uk>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>; Steve Baugh
<100042.134@compuserve.com>
Date: 17 November 1999 08:41
Subject: Re: LF: aurora propagation


>On Tuesday evening, 16th November 1999, Rik ON7YD wrote:
>
>> Strong aurora is reported on 50MHz and 144MHz, last winter this was often
a
>> sign for good propagation on 136kHz in northern directions !
>> So if QRN is not too bad this might be a good evening on LF.
>>
>
>16th November:08:15 G4GVC (sent 589; received 5 7/8 9)
>19:51 EI0CF (579; 449)
>20:21 GI3KEV (589; 559)
>20:35 OH1TN (569; 339)
>20:58 HB9ASB (569; 459)
>
>When I arrived home from work at 18:30 UT, I listened briefly to 136 kHz
before
>our evening meal.  I heard a very strange noise across the whole of the 136
kHz
>band.  It sounded rather like a mixture of
cross-modulation/inter-modulation
>plus Luxembourg Effect.  But dinner was waiting, so I could not consider
the
>matter further.
>
>Later in the evening the strange noise had disappeared, and had been
replaced
>by very low QRN and lots of amateur signals.  I worked Finbar on my 12 m
>vertical, and then heard OZ5N at S7.  The air was still, so I inflated some
>balloons quickly, and got my 20 m vertical flying.  I didn't work either of
the
>OZs, but did manage fine QSOs with Mal; Reino; and Toni.
>
>I did not read Rik's Email until later that evening, but conditions did
appear
>to be above average, with low QRN.  Did anyone else hear any 'strange
noise' at
>about 18:30?
>
>Regards to all,
>Steve GW4ALG
>
>
>



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Alan Melia" <Alan.Melia@btinternet.com>
To: "rsgb_lf_group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: re DCF39 ? de LA1BFA
Date: Wed, 17 Nov 1999 19:58:59 -0000
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Hi Magne, I think the station you describe is a data station transmitting a
carrier on 136.00kHz with bursts of data (abt 100Hz shift to the HF) every
few seconds....I do not know the location of those transmissions. It does
not sound like DCF39 which is on 138.83 from near Magdeburg (JO52XH). Vaino
OH2LX and Dick PA0SE have published field strength measurements on this
transmission.

The other in-band transmission is from the Greek Navy station at Marathon on
136.7/136.8 (not sure which is 'carrier')  transmitting 75 baud RTTY with
95Hz shift
This is weak in the daytime but much stronger at night

Good luck with your work, I look forward to hearing Norway, another new
country on 136 soon.
73 de Alan G3NYK
Alan.Melia@btinternet.com




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Dave" <dave@picks.force9.co.uk>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
References: <38326DF5.96C5E42C@radar.no>
Subject: LF: Re: DCF39 ?
Date: Wed, 17 Nov 1999 19:50:49 -0000
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Magne.

> We're currently building and setting up a station for 136
> at our radio club (LA1K in Trondheim, Norway (JP53EK)).
>
We are all waiting for a LA station to come on LF. You will be very popular!


> A station, which I think from postings here, that have to be DCF39 is
> rather strong on our preliminary antenna setup.  I wonder if anyone
> knows the ERP of this station?   The signal "characteristics" was
> a steady mark for about 10-12 seconds, then a burst of data.  The
> data rate must have been somewhere in the range 100-300 baud.
> Can anyone confirm this?  ..and is it transmitting anything
> "intelligent" ? :)

I don't know about the data format but I think the erp is somewhere around
10 - 20 kW. Here it is about 25dB over S9 where the noise level is about S3
in 250Hz.

>
> We're going to expand out receiving setup with a new loop and
> a new pre-amp duing the next couple of days.  What would be a
> good time of day to listen for amateur activity (we're slow CW
> and PSK31-capable at least) ?  I guess we'd like to receive
> someone before we build an amplifier :)
>

Most evenings about 1900 - 2100 and especially Saturday and Sunday mornings
from 0800 (or even earlier!). Most activity is between 136.4 and 137.2 on
CW. Slow CW is around 137.7.

I'm sure that if you give a time when you will be listening, some stations
will transmit for you. Just let us know on the reflector.

73 es Good Luck. Dave, G3YXM.



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "FINBAR O'CONNOR" <richwood@eircom.net>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: LF: Tuned Counterpoise
Date: Wed, 17 Nov 1999 01:06:14 -0000
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<DIV>Greetings&nbsp; All.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
What&nbsp; a great night that was, the 16th. Conditions super. I worked&nbsp; 
Sweden, Denmark&nbsp; AND Switzerland, all for the first time, with&nbsp; IK5ZPV 
causing qrm on 136.5 KHZ, I actually lost a contact due to his CQ, never mind, 
it was great to hear him on with such a fine signal. Thanks to all for the great 
contacts. Also worked&nbsp; OH1TN again, after a long time without hearing him, 
we both exchanged&nbsp; 549&nbsp; reports.</DIV>
<DIV>Regarding&nbsp; Tuned Counterpoises. Well,&nbsp; I don't really know much 
about it , but I did tune it to resonance.&nbsp; First I used the 
counterpoise&nbsp; and tuned it with the spare&nbsp; ATU. Fired up the 
transmitter into it and found the resonant point. No problem.</DIV>
<DIV>Next I tuned the main antenna to resonance, getting&nbsp; 3.9 amps. Then 
connected the counterpoise to its&nbsp; ATU and connected the end of this ATU to 
the earth bus and retuned the&nbsp; main ATU to get maximum smoke. Delighted to 
report now getting&nbsp; 4.6 amps Both the main antenna and the counterpoise are 
run to the earth bus, only difference is the tap up the main ATU to connect the 
Transmitter. Did notice&nbsp; slight interdependence between the&nbsp; Main and 
Counterpoise&nbsp; ATU variometer settings. Incidently, both ATU's are entirely 
made up of big chunky&nbsp; Litz&nbsp; wire, these are commercial&nbsp; Beacon 
ATU's. </DIV>
<DIV>What I mean by interdependence is, reduction in inductance in counterpoise 
ATU could be make up for&nbsp; in Main ATU, within reason. Without having 
someone to properly measure the difference in the system with and without the 
counterpoise, perhaps the&nbsp;&nbsp; .7 amp increase in antenna current 
is&nbsp; not&nbsp; REAL.&nbsp; It certainly&nbsp; made me feel good , seeing the 
needle WHACK up to 4.6 amps.</DIV>
<DIV>One other thing discovered in all this.......&nbsp; at first I had 
the&nbsp; ANT and Counterpoise&nbsp; coming in throught the wooden window frame 
but only about&nbsp;&nbsp; 7 inches apart.&nbsp; I had terrible problems with 
arcing over to the window frame. Tried everything, double insulation etc etc , 
but no good.&nbsp; However once I seperated them by about&nbsp; 20 inches , it 
all stopped and no further problems with arcing over to the window frame.</DIV>
<DIV>WELL , what do you think.</DIV>
<DIV>Best regards</DIV>
<DIV>Finbar&nbsp; EI0CF&nbsp;&nbsp; Malin Head</DIV></BODY></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Des Kostryca" <des@kostryca.freeserve.co.uk>
To: "RSGB LF_Group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: Re: Simple Receivers For 136kHz
Date: Thu, 18 Nov 1999 02:01:31 -0800
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Many thanks to all on the list who responded to my request for a description
of the sound of LORAN. I have listened on 100 kHz and heard the "galloping
horses" for myself.

Regards to all,

Des.

Des Kostryca (M0AYF)  G.Q.R.P. no. 9788
I.A.R.U.  loc.  IO93OJ  W.A.B.  SK89
Member of the N.B.T.V.A.







From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: =?iso-8859-1?Q?V=E4in=F6_Lehtoranta?= <vaiski@dlc.fi>
Subject: LF: Leonids nite observations
Cc: vhf@sral.fi
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LF observations 17 Nov 1999 (136..137 kHz) by OH2LX
(qth: Jokela, South Finland, KP20LN, (60N34 024E58):

1915 OH3LYG (429) calling OZ1KMR (?) 
2210 SM6PXJ (219) calling somebody (?)
2216 OH1TN (429) calling IK5ZPV (1-219)
     (yes I definitely hrd IK5ZPV with
AR7030Plus/---- 10m coax---/1:10/---15m wire-----
-------------------------------------------------------
Ionospheric Cross Modulation (ICM) on DCF39 138.83:

ICM (modulation) hrd on DCF39 belongs to new LF station
Solec Kujawski 225 kHz replacing Warszawa-Raszyn since
24 Sept 1999; 1000 kW and two masts (289 & 330 m high).
ICM not as strong as that caused by Warszawa-Gabin
"super-station" (645.38 m mast collapsed on 8 Aug 1991).

Below 138.83 there is audible a mix of unintelligible
voice (S. Kujawski?) plus DCF39 "ghost burst" gradually
disappearing towards lower frequencies (REF: GW4ALG&G3XVD)
-----------------------------------------------------------
Leonids in Finland during morning of 18 Nov 1999:

Practically nil. OH9TEN 28267.5 kHz was audible though
around 0100 UTC with some notable "bursts" & "pings"...
Finnish FM TV DX people hrd occasional FM/TV bursts mostly
from Central European stations, a big disappointment...

REF: ----------------------------------------------------------
>>GW4ALG wrote:------------------------------------------------ 
>> I heard a very strange noise across the whole of the 136 kHz
>> band.  It sounded rather like a mixture of cross-modulation/
>>inter-modulation plus Luxembourg Effect......
>>Mike, G3XVD wrote:------------------------------------------------
>>Yes, this has been clearly audible at various times this week, mainly 
>>between 137.5 and DCF39. It was apparent last winter, too. I recall 
>>discussion about whether or not this was really Luxemburg effect.
>>It certainly coincides with evidence of skywave on the various 
>>commercial stations.
-------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------
V.K.Lehtoranta, OH2LX, POBox 50, FIN-05401 Jokela, Finland
------ Tel: +358-9-4173965 ---- Fax: +358-9-4173961 ------
E-mail: vaiski@dlc.fi - alias: oh2lx@dlc.fi & oh2lx@sral.fi


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "kate moore" <mek@leicester.ac.uk>
To: "lfgroup" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: New ones worked
Date: Thu, 18 Nov 1999 08:45:17 -0000
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Worked two new ones last night despite the band being VERY busy. I finally
managed a QSO with OZ1KMR, who actually responded to my CQ, although I only
got a 329 report from him despite copying all my details OK! Nevertheless,
I was well pleased to make country number fifteen on normal speed CW.
Also worked OH3LYG on 136.500 - we swapped 449 reports but QRM from other
stations around the frequency made the end of the QSO quite difficult.

Interestingly, when I worked Rik ON7YD just after OZ1KMR, the 'broadcast'
interference suddenly spread down and obliterated him for a few minutes,
then cleared away. Sorry, Rik, that was why I missed most of what you sent.
Conditions seemed very unstable generally during the early part of the
night with lots of QSB on the more distant signals.

Also heard but not worked: SM6PXJ (559), PA0BWL (559), HB9ASB (579).


            Regards
                     John G4GVC



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Thu, 18 Nov 1999 11:30:28
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: "Rik Strobbe" <rik.strobbe@fys.kuleuven.ac.be>
Subject: LF: 136kHz
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Hello Finbar,

I could hear you with very good signals the last 2 days, on tuesday you
were 569 and yesterday 549.
I called you several times, tuesday you seemed to have heard a part of my
call as you replied with QRZ OE ...
I hope condx will stay good during the next days/weeks and we will make it
one day. Wheneven I hear you I will either call you on the frequency you
are listing on (if I catch you in QSO) or exactly on your transmit
frequency (if I catch you CQ-ing).

73, Rik  ON7YD




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Rik Strobbe" <rik.strobbe@fys.kuleuven.ac.be>
Subject: LF: report 16/17 november
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16 november :
As expected the condx were very good.
MM0ALM - 589 - heard
EI0CF  - 569 - heard
OZ5N   - 579 - heard
OH1TN  - 559 - heard
IK5ZPV - 429 - heard
OH1TN had by far the strongest signal I ever heard from him, also EI0CF was
at least 2 s-points above normal. Only IK5ZPV was not stronger than normal.

17 november :
condx still above normal, but not so good as on 16 november. But more
activity.
OZ1KMR - 589 - heard
GI3KEV - 429 - heard
EI0CF  - 549 - heard
GW4ALG - 559 - heard
HB9ASB - 549 - heard
SM4DHN - 539 - heard
SM6PJX - 559 - heard
Heard also G4GVC in QSO with OH3 station but the OH3 wal not audible here.

73, Rik  ON7YD



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From: "Mike Dennison" <mike.dennison@rsgb.org.uk>
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Date: Thu, 18 Nov 1999 10:29:32 -0000
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<?color><?param 0100,0100,0100>When Rik first outlined his idea of visual CW with dots and dashes  the same length but on different frequencies, and with no gaps  between the elements, I was not at all enthusiastic.<br><br>However, having seen it on a JPEG and having done some sums I  think it is a really useful improvement on what we use now.<br><br>In order not to confuse the two modes, I will refer to extremely slow  Morse as QRSs and the ON7YD system as VCW (visual CW,  because it can only be decoded visually).<br><br>Positive points are:<br><br>For the same element length (same as dot length using Morse) a  VCW contact will take about one-third of the time of a QRSs QSO.  This can mean a saving of 30 minutes! The signal to noise is the  same as QRSs as the dot length is the limiting factor.<br><br>Increasing the element length by three (effectively making the  elements the same length as QRSs dashes), a 4dB improvement in  signal/noise is achievable, provided the averagi
ng control on  Spectrogram is increased. But the QSO will be the same length as a  QRSs contact is now.<br><br>It is very easy to read by eye - I showed a sample text to a licensed  colleague without explaining what it was all about, or even that it was  a sort of Morse, and he read it immediately.<br><br>It lends itself very well to a further improvement by synchronising  transmit and receive timeslots.<br><br>Since each element is the same length, it lends itself well to being  decoded by machine if required.<br><br>It will coexist well with QRSs (though I am sure it will supercede it).<br><br><br>Negative points are:<br><br>Additional text must be sent at the start to show the element length  (because there are no gaps between consecutive dots or dashes in  a letter) and dot and dash frequencies. This is easily achieved by  sending the conventional commercial message start of CT (dah-di- dah-di-dah).<br><br>Since it cannot possibly be read by ear, normal CW callsigns must 
 be used in each over for licensing and general courtesy.<br><br>A method must be devised to produce FSK of a few Hz.<br><br>It cannot be driven with a conventional keyer (as these have inter- element spaces). You must use a computer program. Rik will modify  QRS soon.<br><br>The duty cycle goes from about 50 per cent with QRSs to 85 per  cent or so for VCW so there may be heat dissipation issues.  However, QSOs can be shorter.<br><br>It occupies a little more spectrum as two frequencies are used, but  each frequency is copied in a sub-Hertz bandwidth so that shouldn't  worry anyone.<br><br>------------------<br><br>I will post Rik's JPEG on my web site this evening so anyone who  doesn't know what I'm talking about can see for themselves.<br><br>In my view, this is a major breakthrough in the use of extremely slow  CW and DSP.<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><pre>
Mike, G3XDV (IO91VT)
http://www.dennison.demon.co.uk/activity.htm



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Kevin Ravenhill" <k_ravenhill@radiometrix.co.uk>
To: "RSGB LF Group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: Receivers and power-line noise
Date: Thu, 18 Nov 1999 11:38:27 -0000
Organization: Radiometrix Ltd.
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Hi all,

This may well have been mentioned before on this reflector, so apologies to
those concerned if it's going back over old ground.

For anyone plagued by power line "hash" when receiving on LF, particularly
when using wire antennas, it's worth checking the cleanliness of the DC
power supply which is being used to power the receiving setup.

I have found out the hard way that the rectifier diodes in some power
supplies can generate truly enormous amounts of harmonic hash at these
frequencies. I have not checked too closely but I assume this is simply
being re-radiated through the transformer and into the mains wiring. There
is EC EMC legislation relevant to this aspect of power supply design, but
I'm not sure how effective this is in "special cases" such as our very weak
signal conditions.

I have tried several power units ranging from simple regulated "plug-top"
types to more complex heavy current 13.8V PSUs specifically designed for
powering radio gear. I currently use a small double-insulated (i.e. no mains
earth connection) plug-top PSU to power my receiver. This was originally so
bad that it completely wiped out reception on my AKD HF3 below about 2MHz
(note that this PSU was actually intended for this receiver!). In this case
the problem was cured by the simple expedient of fitting a 0.1uF ceramic
capacitor across the transformer secondary feed to the bridge rectifier, but
this is not necessarily a cure for all situations. Lots of lossy ferrite
etc. on the mains side may be called for!

My Daiwa 13.8V 12A unit is much better in this respect but does still
introduce a small level of extra noise. This is not really significant
enough to warrant modification though. A slightly cheaper grade of 13.8V 5A
PSU was tested and this proved too noisy to be usable without extensive
modification.

Finally, I have a multi-output variable voltage lab-type PSU for bench work
which has also proved too noisy to power the LF gear as it stands.

I suppose the surest way to eliminate this kind of noise would be to run the
receiving gear from batteries, which would also get round the problem of
noise directly coupled from the mains. I would be interested to know how
many other people have encountered similar problems with LF reception.

73

Kevin, G1HDQ



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Date: Thu, 18 Nov 1999 15:13:11
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: "Rik Strobbe" <rik.strobbe@fys.kuleuven.ac.be>
Subject: Re: LF: VCW by ON7YD
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At 10:29 18/11/99 -0000, Mike, G3XDV wrote:
>Negative points are:
>...
>The duty cycle goes from about 50 per cent with QRSs to 85 per  cent or so
for 
>VCW so there may be heat dissipation issues.  However, QSOs can be shorter.

Mike is right, one of the drawbacks is the higher duty cycle. 
Using the 'fictive QSO' between me and Mike (as I used in my first mail
regarding this topic) I come to the conclusion that a QRSs QSO takes about
27.7 minutes and has a duty cycle of about 58% while a VCW QSO will take
9.5 minutes and has a duty cycle of about 75%.
A solution might be to have a pauze of 2 dotlengths between characters and
a pauze of 4 dotlengths between words. In that case the QSO will take 11.8
minutes and the duty cycle will be about 59%.
Although the duty cycle will be the same as in QRSs mode (58% vs. 59%) the
'time gain' will still be over 230% (11.8 minutes instead of 27.7 minutes).

In fact, depending on the circumstances (PA, LPF etc.) one can choose
between 'fast VCW' with a single pauze or 'a-little-bit-slower VCW' with
doubled pauzes.

73, Rik  ON7YD



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Thu, 18 Nov 1999 18:17:20
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: "Rik Strobbe" <rik.strobbe@fys.kuleuven.ac.be>
Subject: LF: dummyload
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For test-puposes I needed a dummyload that could withstand 450W on 136kHz
for some minutes.
Having some 470 Ohm / 25 Watt wirewound resistors in the junkbox I put 9 of
them in parallel and measured 52 Ohm with my DVM. Next I took it to my work
and checked it there on the impedance analyzer :
at 137kHz it was 51.6 + j1.3 Ohms, so more than good enough.
Although 9 x 25 = 225W they withstand 450W for about 2 minutes before it
starts 'smelling'. After several of these 'mistreatements' I checked it
again on the impedance analyzer and it was still 51.6 + j1.3 Ohms, so
overheating the resistors for a shot period does not seem to affect it.

So, if you need a high power 50 Ohm dummyload but don't want to spend too
much money on it : just parralel a bunch of high-power wirewound resistors,
it works fine on 136kHz. For a short period (few minutes) they even
withstand the double power they are rated for.

One final remark : don't put the resistors too close together or the middle
one(s) will become too hot. I kept all resistors about 2.5cm (1 inch) apart.

73, Rik  ON7YD



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Thu, 18 Nov 1999 09:46:31 -0800 (PST)
From: "Clifford Buttschardt" <cbuttsch@slonet.org>
To: "Kevin Ravenhill" <k_ravenhill@radiometrix.co.uk>
Cc: "RSGB LF Group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: Re: LF: Receivers and power-line noise
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It seems that some power transformers have so little leakage reactance
that they are closely coupled to the power line.  First, put about 0.01
uFd directly across the transformer secondary.  Then place about 0.001
across each power diode and another directly on the DC side to ground.
     In really bad cases, place a resistor in series with the power diode
as large as can be tolerated say 4.7 ohms and duplicate the suggestions
above.  The goal is is to slow down the switching transients created by
the 0.6 volt drop across the power diodes.  73  Cliff K7RR

On Thu, 18 Nov 1999, Kevin Ravenhill wrote:

> Hi all,
> 
> This may well have been mentioned before on this reflector, so apologies to
> those concerned if it's going back over old ground.
> 
> For anyone plagued by power line "hash" when receiving on LF, particularly
> when using wire antennas, it's worth checking the cleanliness of the DC
> power supply which is being used to power the receiving setup.
> 
> I have found out the hard way that the rectifier diodes in some power
> supplies can generate truly enormous amounts of harmonic hash at these
> frequencies. I have not checked too closely but I assume this is simply
> being re-radiated through the transformer and into the mains wiring. There
> is EC EMC legislation relevant to this aspect of power supply design, but
> I'm not sure how effective this is in "special cases" such as our very weak
> signal conditions.
> 
> I have tried several power units ranging from simple regulated "plug-top"
> types to more complex heavy current 13.8V PSUs specifically designed for
> powering radio gear. I currently use a small double-insulated (i.e. no mains
> earth connection) plug-top PSU to power my receiver. This was originally so
> bad that it completely wiped out reception on my AKD HF3 below about 2MHz
> (note that this PSU was actually intended for this receiver!). In this case
> the problem was cured by the simple expedient of fitting a 0.1uF ceramic
> capacitor across the transformer secondary feed to the bridge rectifier, but
> this is not necessarily a cure for all situations. Lots of lossy ferrite
> etc. on the mains side may be called for!
> 
> My Daiwa 13.8V 12A unit is much better in this respect but does still
> introduce a small level of extra noise. This is not really significant
> enough to warrant modification though. A slightly cheaper grade of 13.8V 5A
> PSU was tested and this proved too noisy to be usable without extensive
> modification.
> 
> Finally, I have a multi-output variable voltage lab-type PSU for bench work
> which has also proved too noisy to power the LF gear as it stands.
> 
> I suppose the surest way to eliminate this kind of noise would be to run the
> receiving gear from batteries, which would also get round the problem of
> noise directly coupled from the mains. I would be interested to know how
> many other people have encountered similar problems with LF reception.
> 
> 73
> 
> Kevin, G1HDQ
> 
> 
> 



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Fri, 19 Nov 1999 01:18:46 -0500
Subject: Re: LF: dummyload
Message-ID: <19991119.013350.-4889.2.riese-k3djc@juno.com>
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Building the load into a container of Mineral Oil should increase the
power handling quite a bit. I suspect it would make them a continuos load
at that power level.

Bob

On Thu, 18 Nov 1999 18:17:20 Rik Strobbe <rik.strobbe@fys.kuleuven.ac.be>
writes:
>For test-puposes I needed a dummyload that could withstand 450W on 
>136kHz
>for some minutes.
>Having some 470 Ohm / 25 Watt wirewound resistors in the junkbox I put 
>9 of
>them in parallel and measured 52 Ohm with my DVM. Next I took it to my 
>work
>and checked it there on the impedance analyzer :
>at 137kHz it was 51.6 + j1.3 Ohms, so more than good enough.
>Although 9 x 25 = 225W they withstand 450W for about 2 minutes before 
>it
>starts 'smelling'. After several of these 'mistreatements' I checked 
>it
>again on the impedance analyzer and it was still 51.6 + j1.3 Ohms, so
>overheating the resistors for a shot period does not seem to affect 
>it.
>
>So, if you need a high power 50 Ohm dummyload but don't want to spend 
>too
>much money on it : just parralel a bunch of high-power wirewound 
>resistors,
>it works fine on 136kHz. For a short period (few minutes) they even
>withstand the double power they are rated for.
>
>One final remark : don't put the resistors too close together or the 
>middle
>one(s) will become too hot. I kept all resistors about 2.5cm (1 inch) 
>apart.
>
>73, Rik  ON7YD
>
>


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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References: <3.0.1.16.19991118181720.4aaf8b32@mail.cc.kuleuven.ac.be>
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Rik ON7YD and others,

Here in ZL we have been using wire wound resistors as dummy loads for
some years, and they generally work well on frequencies up to 180 kHz. 
Those types with some residual inductance can have "reactance
cancellation" (a low Q tuning arrangement) with polystyrene or
polypropylene capacitors, with 10,000 pF being a typical value.  The
aluminium clad type of wire wound resistors are particularly good for
dispersing heat by conduction to a heat sink, as they are made for being
screwed to a flat surface.

However, perhaps the best LF dummy load is an oil jacket "domestic
heater".  A 1200 Watt type for 230 Volts AC has a resistance close to 50
ohms.  Tests around 180 kHz show that it is very likely to be a low SWR
as an LF load even when clip leads are used on to the mains power cord. 
There is of course no problem with long key down testing, as the 1200
Watt rating is nominally the steady state rating.  So a 1200 Watt 230
Volts oil jacket heaters should work well straight out of the box :)

Even though the abovementioned loads are good at LF, they seem to be
fairly bad at HF.  This could be not only because of the inductive
component, but skin effect may increase the resistive component as
well.  So while the ideas for dummy loads are very good for LF, they are
fairly useless on HF.

Bob ZL2CA




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Steve Olney" <ollaneg@zeta.org.au>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: Re: LF: VCW by ON7YD
Date: Fri, 19 Nov 1999 07:30:44 +1100
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G'day All,

Prompted by the discussions here on the VCW method described by Rik I have
resurrected the code that I used to test this method earlier this year.  
As the code was all there from these earlier experiments but only needed to
be put into a user interface package it only took me a couple of hours to
get it up and running again.

You can download it from:

http://www.zeta.org.au/~ollaneg/vfskcw.htm

It is a Beta version (i.e., whipped up in a flash) so there are parts which
are not functional yet (help files, interface).  You will need about 2.5Mb
of hard drive space for the longest dot period (60 seconds), and less for
shorter periods.

To shorten the time it took to make up the user interface and to capitalise
on previous familiarity, I have used the structure of Rik's excellent QRS
program as a model (apologies to Rik).  If you have been using Rik's QRS
program then this program should be easy to use.

Connections are the same as for PSK31, so if you are up to that level, you
already have the setup done for VFSKCW.

Have fun!!!




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Dave" <dave@picks.force9.co.uk>
To: "LF Group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: GD expedition
Date: Thu, 18 Nov 1999 21:10:17 -0000
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Dear all.

All being well, we should arrive on the Island around 1730 on Friday and
will head for the /P location straight away. As it will be dark on arrival,
it may not be possible to get on the air on Friday evening but we will try.
I believe David has a sked at 2200hrs so we'll send him up the lighthouse in
the dark!
Final (or initial!) aerial work will be done on Saturday morning and we hope
to be fully operational by mid morning.
The location is at the Northernmost tip of the island, next to the sea, with
plenty of space for aerials.
We will have several receivers and transmitters and fully expect to put out
a reasonable signal. If all else fails we have a couple of kites!
QRSS will be available and I believe we will be beaconing from 0100-0400 on
Sunday morning on 137.71kHz for the benefit of transatlantic listeners!
After that we'll probably join the "early risers" on CW.
We hope to be active on the band most waking hours from Friday night until
about 9am on Monday morning.
We have a mobile phone +44 976 833 839 for use to arrange skeds. (UK 0976
833 839). We will also have other rigs and will keep a listen on the usual
QSX frequencies.
All this is subject to "Murphy's law" and may all go horribly wrong! We're
there just for the LF radio though, so we'll be trying our hardest!
Please give us a call if you hear us.

73, GD3YXM/P, GD3XTZ/P, GD0MRF/P.



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Steve Olney" <ollaneg@zeta.org.au>
To: "RSGB LF Group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: VFSKCW stuff...
Date: Fri, 19 Nov 1999 08:01:38 +1100
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G'day All,

To add a bit more info about VFSKCW, some advantages I noted in the earlier
experiments (I haven't done any lately) was that under marginal conditions
(e.g. QRN) I found VFSKCW easier to copy than QRSS.   This was because the
QRN can easily "fill in" a space making it difficult to distinguish between
two dots and one dash.  By inceasing the dot length such that the time for
the overall QSO is the same as QRSS, these QRN crashes can more easily
rejected than QRSS.  In addition, the actual fact that information is
largely carried not in the absence of signal, but the presence of the
signal displaced, makes it easier for me to discern the pattern.   Bear in
mind that I cannot read morse by ear and only read the screen in terms of
dots and dashes.  It may be easier for me to do this as I have not been
programmed to associate morse with sounds.  I don't know.  I did not do any
quantitative evaluations at that earlier time, but you guys will be able to
verify/refute this with actual tests.  I am handicapped here as the nearest
LF station is over a 1000Km away and do the tests by mixing external noise
(including QRN) with the LF signal (reduced by an attenuator).

Any feedback would be most appreciated.

73s Steve Olney (VK2ZTO/AXSO - QF56IK : Lat -33 34 07, Long +150 44 40)
=============================================
LowFer URL:
http://www.zeta.org.au/~ollaneg/lowfer.htm
AXSO LF Experimental Station URL:
http://www.zeta.org.au/~ollaneg/axsoextx.htm
LF Receiving - FRG-100, CHA antenna
LF Transmitting - 177.5/177.4kHz 8W - 7.6m vertical or CHA
Modes - AM, SSB, PSK31, SSTV, Hellschreiber, QRSS
and a new experimental mode - FDK.  See this URL for more:
http://www.zeta.org.au/~ollaneg/FDK.htm
=============================================


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "M. Sanders \(PA3BSH\)" <misan@xs4all.nl>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: LF: RE: Tuned Counterpoise
Date: Fri, 19 Nov 1999 01:04:15 +0100
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Hi All,

By looking closely at the electrical configuration of an aerial system with
a tuned counterpoise the effects can be explained by reasoning as well as
calculations/simulations. I have posted a schemetic diagram on my homepaged
to avoid problems when sending it with the mail via the reflector. It can be
found at http://www.xs4all.nl/~misan/aecp.jpg (abt. 40kB filesize). Or
requested by email :mailto:pa3bsh@amsat.org.

The scematic shows an increase in antenna current (i) will be caused by the
added capacitance (Cxtra) between earial wire and counterpoise wire. The
second benifit is the apparent reduction of earth losses (Re) when the tuned
counterpoise impedance (Rres2) is put in parallel.

I think on LF the added capacitance to the earial system is the main factor
for an improved antenna current. By improving the Q (decreasing the
impedance Rres2) of the counterpoise circuit (increasing insulation/height
and/or high Q tuning coils) the effect of the counterpoise impedance will
increase. The proof of the pudding is in the eating. On HF reception
strength increases when adding a tuned counterpoise. Does the same thing
apply on LF???? If this is the case it is safe to assume there is an
increase in transmitted power as well.

Measuring the current to the ground system is a useful tuning aid for the
counterpoise. When the current to the earth system (Re) reaches a 'null' the
system is in tune (Kirchhoff's law).

Greetings and best 73's

Michael Sanders, PA3BSH





[part of original message]
>One other thing discovered in all this.......  at first I had the  ANT and
Counterpoise  coming in throught the wooden >window frame but only about   7
inches apart.  I had terrible problems with arcing over to the window frame.
Tried >everything, double insulation etc etc , but no good.  However once I
seperated them by about  20 inches , it all stopped >and no further problems
with arcing over to the window frame.
>WELL , what do you think.
>Best regards
>Finbar  EI0CF   Malin Head



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
References: <000901bf31b9$8a580bc0$3190bc3e@default>
Subject: Re: LF: Receivers and power-line noise
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Dear Kevin,

so far I have not encountered problems with rfi from the mains supply. But I 
like to block every rectifier diode with several nanofarad in all my home brew 
power supplies (this also will suppress the 50 Hz hum in direct conversion 
receivers) but I have also found that this is seldom done in commercial power 
supplies and therefore may cause problems, even from our neighbours.

Concerning battery supplies I have also found that typical voltage stabilizer 
ICs like 78xx, even when blocked according to manufacturers recommendations 
(with 0,33 to 0,47 uF) will generate LF noise at the input side, unless the 
input is blocked more heavily with 6,8 uF to 10 uF low loss electrolytics.

73 Ha-Jo, DJ1ZB


Kevin Ravenhill schrieb:
> Hi all,
>
> This may well have been mentioned before on this reflector, so apologies to
> those concerned if it's going back over old ground.
>
> For anyone plagued by power line "hash" when receiving on LF, particularly
> when using wire antennas, it's worth checking the cleanliness of the DC
> power supply which is being used to power the receiving setup.
>
> I have found out the hard way that the rectifier diodes in some power
> supplies can generate truly enormous amounts of harmonic hash at these
> frequencies. I have not checked too closely but I assume this is simply
> being re-radiated through the transformer and into the mains wiring. There
> is EC EMC legislation relevant to this aspect of power supply design, but
> I'm not sure how effective this is in "special cases" such as our very weak
> signal conditions.
>
> I have tried several power units ranging from simple regulated "plug-top"
> types to more complex heavy current 13.8V PSUs specifically designed for
> powering radio gear. I currently use a small double-insulated (i.e. no mains
> earth connection) plug-top PSU to power my receiver. This was originally so
> bad that it completely wiped out reception on my AKD HF3 below about 2MHz
> (note that this PSU was actually intended for this receiver!). In this case
> the problem was cured by the simple expedient of fitting a 0.1uF ceramic
> capacitor across the transformer secondary feed to the bridge rectifier, but
> this is not necessarily a cure for all situations. Lots of lossy ferrite
> etc. on the mains side may be called for!
>
> My Daiwa 13.8V 12A unit is much better in this respect but does still
> introduce a small level of extra noise. This is not really significant
> enough to warrant modification though. A slightly cheaper grade of 13.8V 5A
> PSU was tested and this proved too noisy to be usable without extensive
> modification.
>
> Finally, I have a multi-output variable voltage lab-type PSU for bench work
> which has also proved too noisy to power the LF gear as it stands.
>
> I suppose the surest way to eliminate this kind of noise would be to run the
> receiving gear from batteries, which would also get round the problem of
> noise directly coupled from the mains. I would be interested to know how
> many other people have encountered similar problems with LF reception.
>
> 73
>
> Kevin, G1HDQ
>
>



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Subject: Re: LF: RE: Tuned Counterpoise
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Hi all,

I think I have mentioned some of this previously on this reflector site,
but I can summarise the points:
- a tuned counterpoise (when correctly tuned) could be thought of as
being opposite in phase to the top part of the antenna, so the electric
flux has an affinity to terminate on the tuned counterpoise rather than
return via ground (at neutral potential).
- as the ground is lossy, arranging for currents to return by low loss
tuned radials is indeed an efficiency gain
- I have seen diagrams of commercial LF tuners with tuned counterpoise
where the connection to ground is taken from a selected tapping point on
the loading coil, and selecting the tapping point for minimum ground
current is the same as the condition for maximum efficiency (and it may
need to be adjusted on-site, not predicted by theory).
- I'm not sure if it is valid to say that the antenna proper and the
tuned counterpoise form a net series resonant circuit, but that is my
personal view.  I also suspect that separate tuning of the top part and
counterpoise, then connecting as a system, would generally require
complete retuning, due to the mutual coupling.
- In most amateur antenna situations (modest height and size), running a
tuned counterpoise is a nuisance for having a "trip wire".  If the
counterpoise is supported at a safe height (above head height) it
probably detracts significantly from the effective height of the antenna
system, so may not be a total gain compared to no tuned counterpoise.

Bob ZL2CA




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Fri, 19 Nov 1999 15:09:22
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: "Rik Strobbe" <rik.strobbe@fys.kuleuven.ac.be>
Subject: LF: new version of QRS supports FDK
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I just got a new 'beta' version of QRS ready that supports FDK. Those who
want to test it are requested to send me a mail (direct, not via reflector).

73, Rik  ON7YD



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From: "john sexton" <computernetworks@excite.com>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: Re: LF: aurora propagation
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Date: Fri, 19 Nov 1999 09:57:17 PST
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I believe that what you heard was Loran, the description of a noise like
bacon frying is exactly how I hear Loran.
It has been quite noticeable earlier today, but now seems much quieter.

John, G4CNN, IO91ML




________________________________________________________________
Get FREE voicemail, fax and email at http://voicemail.excite.com
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From: "LAWRENCE MAYHEAD" <LAURIE@g3aqc.freeserve.co.uk>
To: "rsgb lf group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: Radial / Counterpoise systems
Date: Fri, 19 Nov 1999 18:29:41 -0000
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<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>Re. the ongoing discussion about radials etc. I 
once saw a 500 Khz installation which used a marconi &quot;T&quot; ant. with 3 
top wires.Below was a counterpoise earth system which consisted of about 10 
spaced wires equal in length to the top wires.these wires were about 10 feet 
above ground and were linked together.I suppose you could best call this system 
a &quot; GROUND SCREEN &quot; Obviously if the ant return current can be made to 
flow through this screen then ground losses will be reduced.I guess we could 
learn a lot from these 500Khz installations,but where is the information? I 
would especially like details of the tuning system,since to be effective the 
whole thing must be resonant.L.A.Moxon gives details of multiple short radials 
in his book &quot;H.F.Antennas for all occasions&quot; so we do at least have 
some information on this part of the system. 73 Laurie 
G3AQC.</FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML>

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From: "Simon Lloyd-Hughes" <simon.lloyd-hughes@rd.bbc.co.uk>
Subject: Re: LF: Receivers and power-line noise
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The Elektor magazine always carries details at the back on emc measures to
be taken on psu's.


At 11:38 18/11/99 -0000, you wrote:
>Hi all,
>
>This may well have been mentioned before on this reflector, so apologies to
>those concerned if it's going back over old ground.
>
>For anyone plagued by power line "hash" when receiving on LF, particularly
>when using wire antennas, it's worth checking the cleanliness of the DC
>power supply which is being used to power the receiving setup.
>
>I have found out the hard way that the rectifier diodes in some power
>supplies can generate truly enormous amounts of harmonic hash at these
>frequencies. I have not checked too closely but I assume this is simply
>being re-radiated through the transformer and into the mains wiring. There
>is EC EMC legislation relevant to this aspect of power supply design, but
>I'm not sure how effective this is in "special cases" such as our very weak
>signal conditions.
>
>I have tried several power units ranging from simple regulated "plug-top"
>types to more complex heavy current 13.8V PSUs specifically designed for
>powering radio gear. I currently use a small double-insulated (i.e. no mains
>earth connection) plug-top PSU to power my receiver. This was originally so
>bad that it completely wiped out reception on my AKD HF3 below about 2MHz
>(note that this PSU was actually intended for this receiver!). In this case
>the problem was cured by the simple expedient of fitting a 0.1uF ceramic
>capacitor across the transformer secondary feed to the bridge rectifier, but
>this is not necessarily a cure for all situations. Lots of lossy ferrite
>etc. on the mains side may be called for!
>
>My Daiwa 13.8V 12A unit is much better in this respect but does still
>introduce a small level of extra noise. This is not really significant
>enough to warrant modification though. A slightly cheaper grade of 13.8V 5A
>PSU was tested and this proved too noisy to be usable without extensive
>modification.
>
>Finally, I have a multi-output variable voltage lab-type PSU for bench work
>which has also proved too noisy to power the LF gear as it stands.
>
>I suppose the surest way to eliminate this kind of noise would be to run the
>receiving gear from batteries, which would also get round the problem of
>noise directly coupled from the mains. I would be interested to know how
>many other people have encountered similar problems with LF reception.
>
>73
>
>Kevin, G1HDQ
>
>
>
>


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Johan Bodin" <sm6lkm.jbeab@swipnet.se>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: LF: SV: Receivers and power-line noise
Date: Fri, 19 Nov 1999 20:21:54 +0100
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Hello,

Kevin Ravenhill wrote:

>I have found out the hard way that the rectifier diodes in some power
>supplies can generate truly enormous amounts of harmonic hash at these
>frequencies.

Not only on LF! Sometimes it is a problem on HF too. Many direct conversion
receivers suffer from hum problems when powered from a mains supply, no
matter how well regulated the supply is. There is more hum when using
unbalanced antennas. The reason seems to be that local oscillator energy
is leaking out on the antenna and some of this signal finds its way back to
ground through the PSU rectifier. The signal is "chopped" by the rectifier
diodes at the mains frequency (much like a sub-harmonic mixer) and the
result is hum sidebands.

The problem can often be solved by putting 0.1 uF capacitors across each
rectifier diode.

73 de Johan, SM6LKM



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Steve Olney" <ollaneg@zeta.org.au>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: LF: Re: new version of QRS supports FDK
Date: Sat, 20 Nov 1999 06:55:05 +1100
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G'day All,

> 
> I just got a new 'beta' version of QRS ready that supports FDK. Those who
> want to test it are requested to send me a mail (direct, not via
reflector).
> 

I have written to Rik and explained that there needs to be some distinction
about the VCW method discussed here and FDK.    The VCW mode discussed here
over the last week is NOT FDK.    That is, the new 'beta' version of QRS
does not support FDK, but rather it supports VCW. 

I had put forward the description VFSKCW when presenting my evaluation Beta
software for the VCW method.   I don't care what it is called as long as it
is not referred to as FDK.   Mike, G3XDV, had suggested  the VCW name and
that seems the best even though it doesn't refer to the frequency shift
component and I would strongly support his suggestion.

The software for the completely different FDK method should be ready in the
next few weeks for your evaluation.  

If anyone has any questions about the difference between VCW and FDK please
send me an e-mail and I will be happy to answer them.  Alternatively, you
can follow the link below.

I know that some of you will be thinking that this is a small point in the
scheme of things, but if you have ever tried to get feedback on some novel
mode or idea (after spending hundreds of hours programming), you will know
that confusion about what the principles are behind the mode are a killer. 

73s Steve Olney (VK2ZTO/AXSO - QF56IK : Lat -33 34 07, Long +150 44 40)
=============================================
LowFer URL:
http://www.zeta.org.au/~ollaneg/lowfer.htm
AXSO LF Experimental Station URL:
http://www.zeta.org.au/~ollaneg/axsoextx.htm
LF Receiving - FRG-100, CHA antenna
LF Transmitting - 177.5/177.4kHz 8W - 7.6m vertical or CHA
Modes - AM, SSB, PSK31, SSTV, Hellschreiber, QRSS
and a new experimental mode - FDK.  See this URL for more:
http://www.zeta.org.au/~ollaneg/FDK.htm
=============================================


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Alan Melia" <Alan.Melia@btinternet.com>
To: "rsgb_lf_group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: Big signal from GD
Date: Fri, 19 Nov 1999 22:39:16 -0000
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Hi All, a big signal appeared from the lads on GD at about 2120z on
136.82kHz
followed by a pile-up!!  I'm not sure whether it was the conditions or the
weather, but their signal strength seemed a bit variable in the first 20
mins but soon settled down (as the FETs got up to frying temperature!!).
Unfortunately there were a lot of static crashes making it difficult for
some.
Well Done the Dave's and Graham for getting a station on so quickly IN THE
DARK!!
Cheers de Alan G3NYK
Alan.Melia@btinternet.com




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Peter Dodd" <g3ldo@zetnet.co.uk>
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At 2215 heard GD0MRF/P working G8KW
Called David at 2225 and exchanged 589 both ways. He reports that he 
"was on the beach with no access to the lighthouse yet". 
David then worked OH5UFO, a German station and ON7YD. Was called by 
PA0SE and others.
Now at 2315 change of shift - GD3XTZ/P operating, working PA0BWL


-- 
Regards, Peter, G3LDO

<g3ldo@zetnet.co.uk>







From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: =?iso-8859-1?Q?V=E4in=F6_Lehtoranta?= <vaiski@dlc.fi>
Subject: LF: Listening report 19Nov1999
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LF observations 19 Nov 1999 (136..137 kHz) by OH2LX
QTH: Jokela, South Finland, KP20LN, (60N34 024E59)
(AR7030Plus/---- 10m coax---/1:10/---15m wire-----):

2146 GD4XTZ/p(329) clg (?) 
2154 OH1TN   (439) wkg GD0MRF  (329) (136.83/136.8)
2234 MM0ALM  (329) wkg GD0MRF  (329) 
2254 OH5UFO  (439) wkg GD3XTZ/p(329) (136.84/136.83)
2309 MM0ALM  (239) wkg DJ5BV   (119) (136.20/ ?)  
-------------------------------------------------------
Ionospheric Cross Modulation (ICM) on DCF39 138.83:

ICM (modulation) hrd hr on DCF39 can be traced to three
sources: a) Kaliningrad 1386 kHz; b) Kaliningrad 171 kHz
(1386 prgm dominates before 21);  c) S. Kujawski 225 kHz
(Polish program dominates later at night after 21 UTC).

(Same prgms heard also on Mainflingen DCF49 128.93 kHz).

Mainly between 138.83 and 137.5 (with 500 Hz/CW in use)
a mix of unintelligible voices plus DCF39 "ghost burst"
gradually disappearing twrd lower frqs (Ref:GW4ALG&G3XVD)
---------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------
V.K.Lehtoranta, OH2LX, POBox 50, FIN-05401 Jokela, Finland
------ Tel: +358-9-4173965 ---- Fax: +358-9-4173961 ------
E-mail: vaiski@dlc.fi - alias: oh2lx@dlc.fi & oh2lx@sral.fi


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Sat, 20 Nov 1999 09:23:40 -0500
From: "'Geri' Kinzel, DK8KW" <DK8KW@compuserve.com>
Subject: LF: GD hrd in SP!
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
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Hello friends,

I had the opportunity to work the GD-dxpedition yesterday night shortly
after they commenced operation. Looking into our local DX-cluster (DB0FC),
I noticed, that GD0MRF was heard by SP1DPA. 

    137.0 GD3YXU/P     2209 19.11 G0FYD  cq
    136.9 GD3YXM/P     2212 19.11 G0FYD  cq\
    136.9 GD9MRF       2212 19.11 SP1DPA QSO with DK8KW
    136.9 GD0MRF       2213 19.11 SP1DPA sri corrct call
    137.8 GD0MRF       2253 19.11 DK8KW  ufb Signal!
    136.2 MM0ALM       2316 19.11 DJ5BV   
    137.0 OH1TN        2354 19.11 DJ5BV   
    136.9 PA0BWL       0020 20.11 DJ5BV   

They really had an excellent signal over here, approximately -94 dBu which
makes them one of the strongest U.K. stations I ever heard (even 2 dB
stronger than Dave, MM0ALM). 

Did they fire up their GPS system in the meantime to evaluate their
QTH-locator? David mentioned something like this in our QSO yesterday. It
must be very close to 1000 km, if not even a couple of km more ...

Best 73


Geri, DK8KW (W1KW)


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "'Geri' Kinzel, DK8KW" <DK8KW@compuserve.com>
Subject: LF: DL3FDO Packet Address
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
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Hello Lowfers,

I just heard Reiner, DL3FDO calling cq on the "Ropex"-QRG without being
able to copy any answer dur to the heavy QRM by commercial stations nearby.
For those of you, who at least might want to let him know, how well you
receive his signal throughout Europe, you may want to drop him a packet
radio message at the following address:


                dl3fdo@db0sif.#hes.deu.eu


I am sure Reiner welcomes comments and suggestion son how to contact him on
the air.

Best 73

Geri, DK8KW (W1KW)


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From: "Peter Dodd" <g3ldo@zetnet.co.uk>
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Successfully completed a slow CW QSO with David, G0MRF at 0745 this 
morning 21/11/99 on 71.7kHz
I received David's signals 'O', he received me 'M'.
We did some tests yesterday evening, David received my signals 'O' 
but I was not receiving well enough for a QSO.
Distance between GD0MRF/P and G3LDO is 477.9km by the G4JNT program.

-- 
Regards, Peter, G3LDO

<g3ldo@zetnet.co.uk>







From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "LAWRENCE MAYHEAD" <LAURIE@g3aqc.freeserve.co.uk>
To: "rsgb lf group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>, 
 "Janet" <istarjcb@aol.com>
Subject: LF: Interferance
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<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>I have much trouble with a source of 
interferance centered on 98/99Khz.this appears to be a digital/data sort of 
transmission which spreads as far as 145Khz and which results in a high 
background noise like frying popcorn.I can only get rid of it by using a loop 
orientated 300/120 deg.but then loose a lot of Europe!I have not seen any 
reports of this one but dont think it is local to me.So can anyone help,is it 
Decca?&nbsp; 73 to all Laurie.</FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "LAWRENCE MAYHEAD" <LAURIE@g3aqc.freeserve.co.uk>
To: "rsgb lf group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: B&K Audio Amps
Date: Sun, 21 Nov 1999 11:02:30 -0000
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<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>I am using a B&amp;K Audio amp as a power amp on 
136.But it runs out of steam rapidly beyond 100Khz.I can only get about 100W! 
Are there any mods etc to get more from this amp,or should I start again and 
build from scratch?&nbsp; 73 Laurie. </FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Message-ID: <XXqlICAeg+N4EwSb@dennison.demon.co.uk>
Date: Sun, 21 Nov 1999 12:39:58 +0000
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: "Mike Dennison" <mike@dennison.demon.co.uk>
Subject: Re: LF: B&K Audio Amps
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In message <000701bf340f$e90c1460$d2a0883e@lvm>, LAWRENCE MAYHEAD
<LAURIE@g3aqc.freeserve.co.uk> writes
>I am using a B&K Audio amp as a power amp on 136.But it runs out of steam 
>rapidly beyond 100Khz.I can only get about 100W! Are there any mods etc to get 
>more from this amp,or should I start again and build from scratch?  73 Laurie. 

The first thing to check is whether you ordered the Normal or the
Professional version. You would think that the Professional would be
better but it actually has a lower cut-off frequency. I don't know how
to distinguish between them, but you may find it written on your
receipt.

Next, cut the capacitor that is effectively in parallel with the input.
The location depends on which amp you are using, but it on my 200W and
300W amps it is just the heatsink side of the electolytic near the
input. You may have to replace this with a smaller cap (400pF?) if there
is any instability.

Then make sure you have a large capacitor (few microfarads) in series
with the output. This helps reduce the chances of the amp dying.

That's really all that's necessary, except to check that you have enough
drive, and the 50-100 ohms of your antenna is matched correctly to the
few ohms output impedance (link or tap on your coil, or a toroidal
transformer).

If you want to try more, Lech, G3KAU, has explained some mods in the LF
Experimenters Source Book, available from the RSGB (www.rsgb.org/books/g
entec.htm). This also includes a circuit diagram.

I get about 200W from my 200W amp, and it is very reliable. I got 250W
out of the 300W one, but blew it up eventually (my fault, not the amp).

-- 
Mike, G3XDV
IO91VT
http://www.dennison.demon.co.uk/activity.htm


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Sun, 21 Nov 1999 18:11:20 -0000 ()
From: "John Rabson" <word.factory@zetnet.co.uk>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: RE: LF: Interferance
Cc: "Janet" <istarjcb@aol.com>
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This sounds like LORAN (aka Galloping Horses) on 100 kHz. It does spread
(legally - G3JKV? has had it checked). 

There are two or three tranmsitters in NW Europe, incdluing one at Lessay, on
the French channel coast.

LORAN  is a problem on 136, and on 88 (cave radio).  Members of the BCRA
Cave Radio and Electronics Group are looking actively for a solution (the
problem is someiimes known from the French description of the problem as
'Shaving the Horses Moustache').

73 de G3PAI

On 21-Nov-99 LAWRENCE MAYHEAD wrote:
> I have much trouble with a source of interferance centered on 98/99Khz.this
> appears to be a digital/data sort of transmission which spreads as far as
> 145Khz and which results in a high background noise like frying popcorn.I
> can only get rid of it by using a loop orientated 300/120 deg.but then loose
> a lot of Europe!I have not seen any reports of this one but dont think it is
> local to me.So can anyone help,is it Decca?  73 to all Laurie.

----------------------------------
E-Mail: John Rabson <word.factory@zetnet.co.uk>
Date: 21-Nov-99
Time: 16:54:18

This message was sent by XFMail
----------------------------------


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From: =?iso-8859-1?Q?Robert_Decarni=E8re?= <on4dy@village.uunet.be>
To: "LF" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: Weekend 20/21st report
Date: Sun, 21 Nov 1999 18:28:02 -0000
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<DIV><FONT color=#000000>From ON4DY (RX only) JO10TX near Ghent.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000>Hello All &quot; CW Keymasters&quot; !</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000>High activity level centered on the GD expedition, with 
all &quot;institutional stations &quot; on the air, and little</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000>if no QRN made it a very enjoyable 
weekend.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000>Had several on &amp; off listening periods to cope with 
all kind of duties and visitors..</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>Loop stayed in axis G - I&nbsp;&nbsp; (NNW-SSE) weakening PA and 
Scandinavian countries.&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000>Saturday at turn on of the rig :</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000>06:27&nbsp; (still dark)&nbsp; Cq&nbsp; GW4ALG&nbsp; 
539</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000>06:35&nbsp; long CQ&nbsp; 
de&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; DJ5BV&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
549&nbsp;&nbsp; 100 Hz apart</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000>...//...</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000>07:06 - 07:29&nbsp; CQs&nbsp; from GW4ALG very slow QSB 
, sigs from 539 up to 559, then bit down again.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000>07:29&nbsp; QSO&nbsp; GW4ALG -&nbsp; G3YMC&nbsp; could 
not hear YMC this time, his loop I think not favouring this 
direction.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000>07:57 - 08:18&nbsp; great sigs from MM0ALM&nbsp; CQ 
(579)&nbsp; answered by HB9ASB (559) exchanged&nbsp; 569/579</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>08:18&nbsp; PA0LEG (559) calling HB9ASB&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>08:20&nbsp; G4GVC&nbsp;&nbsp; CQ&nbsp; 569</DIV>
<DIV>08:22&nbsp; IK5ZPV&nbsp; cq&nbsp; answered by MM0ALM&nbsp; exchanged 
579/579&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>...//...</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>09:25&nbsp; QSO PA0LEG - G6RO both 559 here.</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000>&nbsp;DCF39 off the air for quite some 
time.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000>09:32&nbsp;&nbsp; QSO G4GVC&nbsp; (579)&nbsp; 
GW4ALG&nbsp; (559)</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000>09:34&nbsp;&nbsp; QSO G3AQC (569)&nbsp; PA0LEG (559) 
</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000>09:51&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; QSO SM6PXJ (539) PA0LEG (559) 
both&nbsp; +/-&nbsp; on side of loop.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>09:57&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; CQ&nbsp; G3XDV&nbsp; (559)&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000>Sunday 21st</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000>06:59 - 07:18&nbsp; QSO&nbsp; PA0BWL (559)&nbsp; 
-&nbsp; GW4ALG&nbsp; (559)&nbsp; Steve gave 349 rcvd 449</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000>07:28&nbsp;&nbsp; CQ&nbsp; G3LNP (579)&nbsp;&nbsp; 
</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000>07:36&nbsp;&nbsp; CQ&nbsp; G3BDQ (569)</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000>07:47&nbsp;&nbsp; Test de DL3FDO 559&nbsp; 
</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000>08:21&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; CQ de DJ5DI (559) answered by 
G3LNP (579)&nbsp; exchanged 539/529</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000>08:43&nbsp;&nbsp; Two cqs de G3LNP were answered by a 
stion I couldn't identify, might hve been G6RO (?)</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000>08:49&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; CQ de G3BDQ (559) answered by 
G6RO (539) exchanged 55/69 / 569</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000>...//...</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000>09:53&nbsp; QSO GD3XTZ/P (579&nbsp; - GI3PDN 
(569)&nbsp; exchanged 599/599 as well as with G3KEV.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000></FONT>10:08&nbsp; QSO GD3 - PA0SE exchanged 
579/569&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>10:41&nbsp; CQ DJ1RL&nbsp; (559)</DIV>
<DIV>Band got really crowded ....&nbsp; 10:47 QSO G4GVC(579) - G6RO ( now 569 
hr.)</DIV>
<DIV>10:50&nbsp; GD3YXM/P in QSO with PA2NJN&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>10:56 DK8KW (559) calling DL3FDO (559) but worked DJ5DI (559) at 
10:58</DIV>
<DIV>10:59 GD0MRF&nbsp; CQ (579)</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>...//...</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>14:53 GD3YXM/P (579) QSO with ON7YD (579)</DIV>
<DIV>15:00 
GD0MRF&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
QSO&nbsp; with G3XDV (569)</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Cheers de Bob, ON4DY&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV></BODY></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Steve Olney" <ollaneg@zeta.org.au>
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To: "RSGB LF Group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: VFSKCW Version 2...
Date: Mon, 22 Nov 1999 10:14:26 +1100
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G'day All,

Have just uploaded version 2 of VFSKCW.  Messages are now saved from one
session to another.  You have provision for changing the size of the offset
between tones (to match different dot periods).   You can also select a
couple of sub-modes - i.e. transmitting a middle tone for the spaces
between characters and words.

Version 2 is available from:

http://www.zeta.org.au/~ollaneg/vfskcw.htm

Note: Version 1 has been removed from the Webpage to save server space. 
Also version 2 is only available in zipped form for the same reason.

73s Steve Olney (VK2ZTO/AXSO - QF56IK : Lat -33 34 07, Long +150 44 40)
=============================================
LowFer URL:
http://www.zeta.org.au/~ollaneg/lowfer.htm
AXSO LF Experimental Station URL:
http://www.zeta.org.au/~ollaneg/axsoextx.htm
LF Receiving - FRG-100, CHA antenna
LF Transmitting - 177.5/177.4kHz 8W - 7.6m vertical or CHA
Modes - AM, SSB, PSK31, SSTV, Hellschreiber, QRSS
and a new experimental mode - FDK.  See this URL for more:
http://www.zeta.org.au/~ollaneg/FDK.htm
=============================================


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Alan Melia" <Alan.Melia@btinternet.com>
To: "rsgb_lf_group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: DX Cluster spots & my LWL log Nov 19/21
Date: Sun, 21 Nov 1999 23:16:08 -0000
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Hi All, access to the local DX Cluster is still proving difficult, though I
did manage a down-load. So I concentrated on listening. It proved to be a
very busy weekend with the boys on GD and a relatively  (static) quiet
weekend there were certainly plenty
of calls around. All very exciting, even Mal slipped in an odd GI3KEV in one
of his CQs!! Sunday afternoon at about 1600z I could see traces for 10
different stations on the screen at once.

Sunday morning sounded like a slice of 20m....even to the 'sweepers'
....I had thought this anti-social activity was confined to 20m! I know LF
aerials are high Q and tuning drifts a bit with the weather, but it is
extremely frustrating to have a full power carrier swept through your filter
when you are trying to copy a signal right down in the noise. (Not just once
but for about a minute and a half!!) Come on fellas there is enough
technology around these days to make this unnecessary. Bearing in mind that
my nearest neighbour on LF is maybe 100kms away, I hate to think of the
effect in more active areas!

Friday 19th Nov
1126z G6NB 136.96 cq
1605z G6NB wkg G3AQC 137.02
2000z G3XDV cq
2013z OH1TN wkg G3XDV
2014z G8RW cq 50Hz lf !!
Peter G3LDO called Reino on 137.62 but I think Reino can't work above 137
because of his local qrm
Opened out the filter and mayhem started breaking out around 136.82 as Dave
and the boys fired up from GD
Heard SM6PXJ Christer make the contact (a new country for me)
It must have got a bit confusing here as stations were calling GD3YXM/p and
getting a reply from GD3XTZ or GD0MRF. Early on the signal strength seemed
to be a bit variable and dependent on which call was in use. It soon settled
down to a consistent strong signal. Wil, PA0BWL is now a nice steady signal
here.  Heard Rik ON7YD struggling at 2204 and not quite making it through.
At 2210 a good signal from Geri DK8KW made the qso with Dave.
I seemed to get a build up of static through the evening, until it was quite
continuous by 2300z

Sat 20th Nov.
I noted that activity started at 0332z!! A lot of the usual stations around
(G4GVC,PAOSE,G3GRO,G6NB,EI0CF,G3XDV and others)
I concentrated on the qrs end of the band. I did catch a snatch of a call
"S9AST " just prior to one of Mike's cqs which I take to be someone calling
HB9AST probably about 1200 to 1215 time not logged (I dont think Toni works
QRS so it couldn't be 'B')
CQs heard from G3XDV and PA2NJN. Mike seems to have 'breathed on' his
antenna
again  because he is even stronger this week and my loop is not really
pointing at Welwyn.  There was a very weak signal I could not decode at
1230-
1243z on 137.7  Then DL8ZR working PA0BWL, and a nice signal from Geri DK8KW
at 1457z on 137.69. At 1712z I saw a signal that I could only decode as
0U(?)F as it was in amongst the time markers on FFTDSP4 on 138.15 (Whoops!)

Sun 21st Nov.
0930z DJ5AO QRS cq on 137.27
         ON4ZK QRS working DL8ZR on 137.71 reply was 'T' copy
0945z DJ5AO QRS cq (O copy)
1022z DF8ZR QRS cq (O copy)
As I have remarked before I was able to copy DJ5AO on Spectrogram (8k
points)
where he wasn't really visible on FFTDSP4 (4Hz resolution)
I was beginning to think my visual decoding had gone dyslexic when I read my
notes but it seems as though there are DF8ZR and DL8ZR active (I hope!)

Thanks again to the two Dave's and Graham (and Peter from the chalk pits)
for
making it such an interesting weekend of activity.

G3NYK de GB7DXM   21-Nov 2252Z >
   136.8  GD3YXM/P    21-Nov-1999 1551Z  579
<DJ5BV>
   136.9  DJ5BV       21-Nov-1999 1014Z
<DL1SAN>
   136.9  GD3XTZ/P    21-Nov-1999 1005Z
<DL1SAN>
   136.6  G3LNP       21-Nov-1999 0949Z  559
<DJ5BV>
   136.8  G4GVC       21-Nov-1999 0940Z  549 in qso with pa0se 559
<DJ5BV>
   136.8  GD0MRF/P    21-Nov-1999 0617Z  559
<DJ5BV>
   136.4  SM6PXJ      21-Nov-1999 0553Z  549  cq..
<DJ5BV>
   136.8  MM0ALM      20-Nov-1999 2147Z  579 ! ufb
<DJ5BV>
   137.0  DJ5BV       20-Nov-1999 1142Z  439 in jn48wl
<DL1SAN>
   136.9  PA0BWL      20-Nov-1999 0020Z
<DJ5BV>
   137.0  OH1TN       19-Nov-1999 2354Z
<DJ5BV>
   136.2  MM0ALM      19-Nov-1999 2316Z
<DJ5BV>
   137.8  GD0MRF      19-Nov-1999 2253Z  ufb Signal!
<DK8KW>
   136.9  GD0MRF      19-Nov-1999 2213Z  sri corrct call
<SP1DPA>
   136.9  GD9MRF      19-Nov-1999 2212Z  QSO with DK8KW
<SP1DPA>
   136.9  GD3YXM/P    19-Nov-1999 2212Z  cq\
<G0FYD>
   137.0  GD3YXU/P    19-Nov-1999 2209Z  cq
<G0FYD>
G3NYK de GB7DXM   21-Nov 2252Z >
  1800.0  GD0MRF      19-Nov-1999 2224Z  [136kHz] 559 here, gl
LFers!<OK1FIG>
G3NYK de GB7DXM   21-Nov 2254Z >

Bit of a long one this week, but it was a good 'un
73 de Alan G3NYK
Alan.Melia@btinternet.com




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Petr Maly" <p.maly@gmc.net>
To: "136 group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: IOM expedition
Date: Mon, 22 Nov 1999 08:33:36 +0100
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Hello LowFers,
I have spent very little time at the receiver, but I heard
19/11/1999  2205 UTC  GD3YXM/p  RST 559
19/11/1999  2215 UTC  GD0MRF/p  RST 559
21/11 1999  1650 UTC  DL3FDO      RST 569

It is important to add that I was not at the cottage, but in the city and I
listened on very poor LW antenna.
I have proved that my newly built 60 Hz wide A.F. filter really works. I was
afraid that it is ringing too much, but it is able to pick up the signal
from the noise in a very efficient way (till now I used 250 Hz wide filter
in I.F.).
I noticed in DX cluster that also SP1DPA spotted the expedition. Will I have
one nearby colleague at last?
I hope the following days will not be too showy and I will be able to get
with the car up to the hill to the cottage to be QRV during weekend.

73! Petr, OK1FIG



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Toni Baertschi" <tonib@phonakcom.ch>
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Subject: Re: LF: DX Cluster spots & my LWL log Nov 19/21
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> From HB9ASB, JN36pt

This was not me, but I am QRV in QRS.

73 de Toni

>
> Sat 20th Nov.
>  I did catch a snatch of a call
> "S9AST " just prior to one of Mike's cqs which I take to be someone calling
> HB9AST probably about 1200 to 1215 time not logged (I dont think Toni works
> QRS so it couldn't be 'B')
>
> Alan.Melia@btinternet.com



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Mon, 22 Nov 1999 09:54:49 +0100
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: RE: LF:DX Cluster spots & my LWL log Nov 19/21
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From: "bernd grupe" <Bernd.Grupe@t-online.de>
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Hi Alan, hi All,
thank you for your nice weekend-reports. But as far as I know, there is actually 
no station working with the callsign DL8ZR. My call is DF8ZR. Think ON4ZK was 
wrong when he copied my low signal with T-quality and replied  L instead of F. I 
can confirm my aktivities as follows:

Sat 20th Nov:
had qso at 1243z with PA0BWL,
Sun 12th Nov:
had qso at 0930z with ON4ZK,
was cq-ing at 1022z and had  qso with DJ5AO few minutes later.

Unbeleaveable that you could copy my CQ with "O". You must have a very high 
sensitive antenna. And rather a fine equipment, which brought my qrp 
signal(20watts) on your sreen over such a long distance. Thank you for this fine 
report. That good news for me and will give me the motivation, to look for 
contacts with UK-stations.

I was operating qrs with an homebrewed direct-converting-receiver. I put some 
pictures on my website: http://home.t-online.de/home/Bernd.Grupe/homepage.htm

Click on: index 4.19.19 page 87 and you'll see the complete documentation of the 
qso's with ON4ZK and PA0BWL.

Copied some other weak signals with this simple RX:

Sat 20th Nov.:

10.00z PA2NJN CQ with -100dBm
12.10z G3XDV CQ with -110 dBm
12.55z GD0MRF on 137.71 with "T"

Hope I could clear the confusion with DL8ZR and DF8ZR.
Thanks again.
vy 73 bernd

DF8ZR, locator:JN49JV
T-Antenna, 10m high/ 600 pF/ 20 watts/ 0.9 A vertical-HF-current
email: Bernd.Grupe@t-online.de



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Koenig, Wolfgang" <Wolfgang.Koenig@vs.dasa.de>
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Hello Group,
does anybody know the exact qth of GD0MRF ?

Worked them on fiday night gave 559 got 339

also heared GD3XTZ/p 339 ,
and  MM0ALM 559

on Sunday

DJ5BV 339
PA0SE 439
GD3XTZ/p 439

73 DL!SAN, Wolf 


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Mon, 22 Nov 1999 11:13:39
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: "Rik Strobbe" <rik.strobbe@fys.kuleuven.ac.be>
Subject: LF: weekend report 19-21 november 1999
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What a weekend, never heard so many stations (27) in 2 days.
First of all congrats to the GD-boys, they did put a real big signal in the
air. Remarkable was the strong QSB on their signal, especially on saturday
nigh. Because of this QSB (over 20dB) I had the impression they were flying
a kite. Also remarkable was that the QSB seemed to be dependent on the
location, while they were working DK8KW and DL1SAN they were hardly audible
here (439) while they got a good report from the DL's. QSB was very fast to
(at least for 136kHz), when I managed to work GD0MRF I just trew in my call
twice after Dave finished his previous QSO (and I heard him with 579) but
signals dropped within seconds (to 559) and it took me a few minutes to get
the report and 73 through.
On friday they had a real pile-up, up to 7 stations calling at the same time.

List of stations heard :

GD3YXM/P (589), GD3XTZ (589), GD0MRF/P (589), DL3FDO (569), DK8KW (559),
DL1SAN (329), OH1TN (569), SM6PXJ (569), OH5UFO (549), HB9ASB (559), DJ5BV
(579), G6RO (539), G3AQC (549), G3LDO (569), G3XDV (549), G4GVC (559),
PA0SE (589), PA0BWL (589), GW4ALG (549), SM4DHN (539), MM0ALM (589), I5MXX
(539), G3LNP (559), G3BDQ (549), G3KEV (569), GB2CPM (579), PA2NJN (529).

Stations worked :
friday : GD0MRF/P after some struggle (got 339) - DXCC country #14
sunday : GB2CPM, GD3YXM/P (solid 589/569 now), GW4ALG

73, Rik  ON7YD


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "kate moore" <mek@leicester.ac.uk>
To: "lfgroup" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: Weekend report
Date: Mon, 22 Nov 1999 09:20:18 -0000
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Stations worked here during the weekend on 136kHz using normal speed CW:

Friday 19/11
 G3XDV (20.23UT: gave him 599, he gave me 599), SM4DHN (20.49: 569, 549),
 OH3LYG (21.03: 559, 559), GD3YXM/P (21.25: 599, 58/99), GD0MRF/P (21.59:
 599, 599).

Saturday 20/11
 MM0ALM (08.41: 599, 59+9), PA0LEG (08.54: 569, 569), DJ5DI (09.03: 559,
 559), GW4ALG (09.35: 599, 599), PA0SE (10.35: 57/89, 589), GD3XTZ/P (10.49:
 589, 579), GD3YXM/P (11.03: 58/99, 579).

Sunday 21/11
 PA0SE (09.31: 579, 579), G6RO (10.36: 589, 599), GB2CPM (11.09: 599, 599),
 DJ5DI (11.23: 559, 549), EI0CF (12.39: 579, 569), GD3YXM/P (15.49: 59+9,
 59+9), G6NB (16.46: 589, 599), GI3PDN (17.02: 57/89, 579), HB9ASB (18.58:
 579QRN, 579QRN).

Non-UK stations heard but not worked:
 OH1TN (579), DK8KW (569), SM6PXJ (569), ON7YD (559), DJ5BV (559), DL1SAN
 (449), IK5ZPV (559), PA2NJN (559), I5MXX (569), DL3FDO (569).

Well, Friday made an exciting end to a very interesting week - partly
because conditions were good, but mostly with the appearance of the Isle of
Man expedition. Starting off the evening, I was very pleased to hear OH1TN
reply to a CQ by G3XDV and give Mike that long-awaited QSO. Reino was a very
strong 579 here during the QSO, and for most of the rest of the night.

Following contacts with SM4DHN and OH3LYG, which were both much better than
previous initial contacts with them, Dave appeared from Point of Ayre, IOM
with the expected good signal from a kite antenna. He worked both Reino and
Lars before I could attract his attention - very impressive! The ensuing
pile-ups were amazing with signals from several countries calling at the
same
time on occasions; more like 20m than 136kHz, which just shows how far
things
have progressed on LF over the past two years. All three operators took
turns
on the key and I also made a quick contact with David GD0MRF/P during a
quiet
period. They were still going strong at 22.45UT when I switched off for the
night.......

Saturday morning started fairly quiet, but there was a steady stream of
stations to work until Dave and Graham reappeared mid-morning using a
'fixed'
antenna. Signals were not as strong as the previous night and apparently
they had a few TX and RX noise problems to sort out. They seemed to have
done
so when I heard them again in the early evening with the kite antenna,
although the light wind was causing its own difficulties.

I arrived late on the band on Sunday morning to find it so busy it was
impossible to find a completely clear frequency anywhere in the 'normal CW'
section! The lads on the IOM generated another pile-up with their now huge
signal from the kite antenna - reading up to S9+10dB on my S-meter when the
kite reached maximum height. A nice 'new one' for me was to work Peter as
GB2CPM from the Amberley Industrial Museum, with a very good signal despite
some initial earth/counterpoise problems. The day was completed with an
excellent contact with Toni HB9ASB, making the 11th country worked during
the weekend.

One final observation - I've now worked 83 callsigns 2-way in 16 countries
on 136kHz, but haven't yet worked OK or OE; from the email in the week, LA
may appear soon. Who would have dared to suggest, when we put our first weak
tests out on LF, that working 20 countries would soon become a realistic
possibility?...


         Regards  John G4GVC near Leicester, IO92JP

    **  TX: Synth + 400W RF from modified 'G3YXM' Mosfet PA           **
    **  RX: TS-850S with 3 x CW filters and 0.5ppm TCXO               **
    **  Ant: Inv-L 60m long, 6m high at feed end, 12m high at far end **


(Do people still find these reports of interest or have they outgrown their
usefulness?)



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Subject: LF: Weekend report 19-21 November
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<?color><?param 0100,0100,0100><?fontfamily><?param Times New Roman>WOW!! What a weekend. Dramatically increased my best DX on both  136 and 73kHz. Heard a few records broken. 136kHz sounded like a  topband contest at times. Much of this was due to the excellent work of  G3YXM, G3XTZ and G0MRF on the Isle of Man.<br><br>As there was so much activity, I will only list the DX this week.<br><br>Friday 19 November<br><br>Lots of activity, good conditions (Greek RTTY up to 9+10dB) and low  noise. <br><br>Best heard were: SM4DHN (a new one at 549); SM6PXJ (559); ON7YD  (best yet at 569); DJ5BV (539); GD3XTZ/P (599). <br><br>Worked two new countries in 40 minutes: OH1TN (559/339) my best  DX at 1783km; and GD3YXM/P (599/579). Country score now up to 14  worked. <br><br>The GD DXpedition was doing extremely well with as many Scandiavian  stations in the log as Gs in the first half hour! <br><br>Saturday, 20 November <br><br>Spent only a little time on the band, but there was a huge a
mount of  activity due to the GD trio. <br><br>Noisy start but got quieter by 0730. Is this noise from street lights, I  wonder? <br><br>DCF39 was off the air for about an hour at around 0900. With a quieter  band in DL, I expected lots of activity from Germany but heard none  during this period. <br><br>Best heard were MM0ALM (589); DJ5DI (539);  DJ5BV (439). <br><br>Sunday 21 November <br><br>Got up at 0600. I had originally intended to go on 136kHz but spent the  time on 73kHz because GD0MRF was there.<br><br>Saw QRSs from G3LDO ('O' and audible) working GD0MRF ('O) - a  record distance for a two-way QSO, and the first two-way between two  DXCC countries.<br><br>I called GD0MRF and had an incomplete contact because of noise. Made  sked for later. Spent the day trying to increase the current at this  frequency. Improved matching and cleaned up earth stake connections to  bring current from 0.75A to 0.95A.<br><br>Finally got my report through at 2240 after 40 minutes of send
ing.  (Taking a whole day to make a two-way QSO really is extremely slow  CW!). The distance is about 400km, more than doubling my previous best  DX. Thanks, chaps.<br><br>You can find spectrogram plots of G3LDO and GD0MRF on my web site<br>. <br>Spent a couple of hours on 136kHz. Very low noise. <br><br>Best heard were: GD0MRF, 3XTZ/P, 3YXM/P (599); PA0BWL (539);   DK8KW (539).<br><br>Worked GB2CPM (599/599). <br><br><br>Thanks, Dave, David and Graham for stimulating so much activity.<br><br><br><br><br><pre>
Mike, G3XDV (IO91VT)
http://www.dennison.demon.co.uk/activity.htm



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Subject: Re: LF: DX Cluster spots & my LWL log Nov 19/21
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> > Sat 20th Nov.
> >  I did catch a snatch of a call
> > "S9AST " just prior to one of Mike's cqs which I take to be someone calling
> > HB9AST probably about 1200 to 1215 time not logged (I dont think Toni works
> > QRS so it couldn't be 'B')
> >
> > Alan.Melia@btinternet.com

Ah, the clue is "just prior to one of Mike's calls". I pressed the wrong 
memory button on the QRSs keyer and realised after a while that I 
was sending part of an old QSO with HB9ASB. Sorry for the 
confusion.




Mike



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Rik Strobbe" <rik.strobbe@fys.kuleuven.ac.be>
Subject: Re: LF: Re: new version of QRS supports FDK
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My appologies to Steve for 'stealing' his FDK, it was not my intention. I
got to term FDK (Frequency Difference Keying) via DF8ZR (see his webpage)
and it seemed better suited to me than VCW (Visual CW), as this is a more
'general term' that applies to all modes that are 'decoded by eye'.
Therefore I suggest the term Dual Frequency CW (DFCW) instead.

73, Rik  ON7YD


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "FINBAR O'CONNOR" <richwood@eircom.net>
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Subject: LF: re:IOM group
Date: Mon, 22 Nov 1999 12:47:11 -0000
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<HTML><HEAD>
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<DIV>Reference the&nbsp;&nbsp; IOM&nbsp; group activity by&nbsp; 
<STRONG>GD3YXM</STRONG>, <STRONG>GD3XTZ </STRONG>and 
<STRONG>GD0MRF</STRONG>,&nbsp; thank you for the opportunity to work GD for the 
first time and for generating lots of great activity. Well done.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><STRONG>GD3YXM,&nbsp; </STRONG>thanks Dave for the phone call on Sunday 
afternoon, telling me you were active then using the kite antenna, I had just 
stumbled home from  the Doctor, my Flu had got worse during the day....'' get to 
bed and stay there'' ,&nbsp; he said.&nbsp; As you know Dave before doing that 
I&nbsp;fired up my transmitter and had a great contact with&nbsp;you, your 
signal peaking over&nbsp; S9.&nbsp;&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>I'm not sure who was feeling the poorer, you or me, as I could hear the 
wind howling in the background , on your mobile phone, as you operated from the 
beach at&nbsp; <STRONG>Point of Ayre</STRONG>, I hope you all managed to warm up 
again, at the lighthouse.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Earlier I worked&nbsp; Peter (G3LDO) ,&nbsp;operating as&nbsp; 
<STRONG>GB2CPM</STRONG>, another new one for me.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Only problem now , when&nbsp;there's a lot of activity on the band, one 
wonders if&nbsp;one is crushing someone else's DX by just coming&nbsp; on the 
air. What a change from the time the band opened first.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Thanks again to all stations worked and the listeners reports, which I find 
very helpful, gives one a better&nbsp;'feel ' for the band.</DIV>
<DIV>73&nbsp;&nbsp; Finbar&nbsp; EI0CF&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Malin 
Head&nbsp;</DIV></BODY></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Holger 'Geri', DK8KW" <DK8KW@compuserve.com>
Subject: LF: Great weekend 20/21.11.99
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Hello Lowfers,

another exciting and successful weekend!


Operational:

First of all thanks to the GD-gang for all the excitement and activity you
created! I thought about you three when I stepped out onto my balcony on
Friday night for a minute to see how the weather was and stood in the snow
and freezing winds. I quickly went back to my cozy warm shack and heard you
guys, telling that you was operating on the beach! I had an excellent QSO
with David, GD0MRF Friday night with good reports on both sites. I also
realized the strong QSB. Especially during my QSO with Graham, GD3XTZ on
Saturday it was about 20 dB! BTW: Your best signal report here was -94 dBu,
which is exactly one dB better than MM0ALM. What was your exact
QTH-locator, I assume the distance must have been very close to 1000km.  
  
With IK5ZPV I worked my first Italian station LF/LF (we had a crossband QSO
LF/160m before). Valerio and I had a crossmode QSO CW/Slow-CW on136.900 kHz
Sorry for any inconvenience or confusion this has caused to others but I
think Valerio has strong QRM in the upper part of the band. 

Tried to work OH1TN, but the QSO was incomplete because I was unable to
copy my report (Reino, we will give it another try!). However I completed
my first normal CW QSO with HB9ASB.

I missed the time-out of DCF39 on Saturday morning that was reported
earlier. However, despite living only 120 km away from that transmitter and
despite of its strong signal strength I seem to suffer less from QRM than
the poor guys living in the Frankfurt area.



Technical:

I modified the RF amplifier/preselector of my old Teletron LWF45 (2 x EF93
tubes!) to feed my MV62. With the characteristics of the pre-selector
consisting of three tuned circuits (I will publish more details on the
shape of the filter curve on my homepage
http://home.t-online.de/home/dk8kw/new.htm soon)  I believe that I was able
to reduce out-of band QRM a couple of dB. At least I can boost up signals
by another 15 dB when there is low noise on the band (DCF39 with
pre-amplifier: -9.4 dBu !). 


Thanks, guys, for the nice weekend on the band! It really sounded like a
20m pileup (did you know that there is still a gap in the ionosphere at
14.012 kHz, burned into it by the pileup when the ZA1RPS dx-pedition first
called cq back in the sixties?). 


Vy 73

Geri, DK8KW (W1KW)


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First of all I would like to take my hat off to The Two Daves and a 
Graham who did such a wonderful job with the GD expedition. Only if 
you have ever tried to operate from a different site with an antenna 
with unfamiliar (and variable!) characteristics can you appreciate the problem.

In the early days of experimenting with 73kHz I was aware of a 
background 'galloping horses' sound, which G3JKV identified as the 
sidebands from Loran on 100kHz. On 73kHz this background QRM was not 
intrusive and was a good indication that the receiver system was on 
the 'nose'. Prior to the 73kHz tests with GD0MRF/P I made a number of 
signal measurements. Loran was nowhere to be seen or heard. My 
conclusion is that the noise floor is about 10dB higher than it used 
to be, even at 170km distance from the 'growler' at Rugby. There is 
no sign of discreet sidebands like on Loran, just higher noise.

After the 73kHz QSO with GD0MRF/P on Sunday I packed up all the radio 
gear and headed for Amberley museum. My vintage Shogun is ideal as 
the shack, first to get to the location in chalk mud at the bottom of 
the chasm and as a comfortable operating place. I have access to 
power via a 150m long extension (hyper) lead. 
The antenna had not been tested since it was re-erected and 
relocated. Disaster! no antenna current. Checked the counterpoise, 
lifting it out of the mud and fixing it on boulders. Antenna current 
now about 30mA. Called G4GVC at 1120 and got 589. While the QSO 
progressed the antenna current slowly increased and with a bit of 
retuning the antenna current was 50 or 60mA (and my report was 
modified to S9) by the end of the QSO. I added an extra counterpoise 
wire and increased the antenna current to 1.4A. Worked GW4ALG, PA0SE 
and GD3YXM/P (from the house using the non-kite antenna). Heard G3KEV 
calling CQ but he didn't appear to hear me.
At 1320 worked EI0CF, 559, PA0BWL,559, G3XDV 599, G6RO 569, G3YMC 
579, GD0MRF/P 599. 
The interesting thing about this antenna system is that it is 
'floating' above earth. If I attempt to ground it to the vehicle or 
mains earth the current falls to zero. My feeling is that the 
matching system I am using does not have the impedance range to match 
an antenna system that is very much different to that used at the 
home QTH. The floating antenna system works quite well but the 
loading coil appears not to be in the centre of the system. When I 
deployed the second short radial I touched it on the 'earth' side of 
the coil while the transmitter was on and got an alarming 100mm arc 
and an increase in antenna current. Looks like a good QTH for tuned radials.






-- 
Regards, Peter, G3LDO

<g3ldo@zetnet.co.uk>







From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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No it is LORAN on 100 KHz.




________________________________________________________________
Get FREE voicemail, fax and email at http://voicemail.excite.com
Talk online at http://voicechat.excite.com


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Hello Wil,
as you fear to make too much errors typing in German, so I feel the same when I 
try to go in English,hi. Never mind, I need to get a little training and BTW I 
truely enjoy reading the mails on the reflector.

Thanks for the details and the qth-locator. Will correct the km's on the 
website, but guessed it at 99,66%, didn't I.

Yes, we had a nice QRS-QSO last Sunday and I was exited about my 
experimental-receiver. I'm working hard to improve its sensitivity up to -120 
dBm(0.2 uV). Hope to go with the new Dual Frequency CW (DFCW)-mode(suggested by 
Rik ON7YD) as soon as possible. Than I can run longer sigs and enhance the 
gram-software. I'm very interested to get longway-contacts with hams in the 
nothern part of Europe. There is a big man made noise at my location. Impossible 
to hear signals lower than -90dBm(22uV).And of course, you are right, we really 
need some more "transistors" at our antennas in Germany. With a  20 watts-PA 
and poor antenna-conditions I couldn't reach stations with audible-CW in a 
range out of 50 km.

Wil, 
will send you  my qsl-card and thanks again for your mail. Let's see what 
happens...

vy 73 Bernd   DF8ZR  (JN49JV)  



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Subject: LF: sked
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Hello Mike,
thanks for giving me the opportunity to get a sked on LF. I'd be very 
appreciated for having my first QSO with you. I often picked up your signal good 
readable as you can see on my website:

http://home.t-online.de/home/Bernd.Grupe/homepage.htm 
index 5.1.1.3 Spectrograms
and 4.19.19 Empfangsergebnisse page 87

I'll be looking for your call on 137.7 +-10 next 
Sunday morning at 09.00z 
In case of fail I'll be stay tuned up to 20.00z and watching the screen.
Thanks so far...
73 
Bernd  DF8ZR (JN49JV)




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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In a message dated 99-11-22 09:34:30 EST, Peter Dodd writes:

<< First of all I would like to take my hat off to The Two Daves and a Graham 
... >>

Does this mean we will get to watch their series in a year or two on BBC 
America?  Sounds like a good programme title to me...  :-)


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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To: "LF Group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>, 
 "Steve Baugh" <100042.134@compuserve.com>
Subject: LF: LF Report: 20/21st November 1999
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This report is in 3 parts: General Operating; Early Morning Test
Results; and Noise Canceller.

General Operating
****************************
What an exciting weekend on LF!

Saturday, 20th:
06:00 HB9ASB (12 m vertical; sent 579, received 3/4 69) Our first QSO
with only my 12 m vertical
07:36 G3YMC (12; 559, 599)
09:33 G4GVC (12; 599, 599)
11:08 GD3XTZ/P (12; 589, 579) First GD-GW
11:48 G6NB (12; 589, 589)
19:30 G6RO (12; 579, 569)
20:20 OH1TN (12; 579, 3/4 39

Sunday, 21st:
04:55 SM6PXJ (12; 579, 439)
07:02 PA0BWL (12; 349, 449)
10:40 GD3YXM/P (12; 599, 579)
11:07 GD0MRF (12; 599, 579)
11:50 GB2CPM (12; 599, 589)
17:17 GI3PDN (12; 569, 449) Our first QSO
19:17 HB9ASB (20; 589, 579)
20:00 OH1TN (20; 579, 549)
20:08 OH3LYG (20; 359, 559) Our first QSO
20:24 G8RW (20; 569, 559)
20:45 G3KEV (20; 599, 579)
21:17 ON7YD (20; 569, 549)
22:02 SM6PXJ (20; 579, 559)

In addition to the record-breaking activity from the intrepid team on
GD, other highlights this weekend were the big signals from HB9; SM; &
OH.  OH1TN provided the first 'OH' QSO for several stations this
weekend.

I have now worked 13 countries on normal-speed CW with my basic 12 m
vertical (no top loading wires).  None of the evening QSOs these past
two days would have been possible without the use of my noise canceller
(see below).

Early Morning Test Results
*************************************
Both Christer, SM6PXJ and I transmitted during the test period 03:00 -
05:00 UT on Sunday.  Christer operated on 136.4, and I operated on 136.8
kHz.  Unfortunately the northerly wind was still blowing in GW, so there
was no possibility of putting up the balloon-supported vertical - I
could only use my 12 m vertical.

In GW, the noise level remained constant during the period, at about S7
in a 500 Hz bandwidth.  The noise sources were mainly from Loran,
together with a 'frying' type of noise, believed to be QRN.

Both Christer and I either called CQ, or listened, during the test
period.  No other CW signals were heard.  But, undistracted by pile-ups
(!), this gave me the opportunity to record frequently any change in the
signal from Christer.   Here are the results . . .
1) I was surprised to find that Christer's signal remained at about S6
for much of the test period.  An easy to copy signal. His signal peaked
to S7 from 03:15 to 03:30; and again from 04:30 to 05:00 (end of test
period).  Only one deep 'trough' was observed.  This occurred at 04:00
when his signal dipped below the noise, perhaps to S3/4.
2) At 03:21, an unsuccessful attempt at a QSO was made.  Christer sent
me 219, but he did not get my 579 report.  Later, at 04:55, we had a
successful QSO (I sent 579; received 439).  I went back to bed shortly
afterwards.

I am keen to try further tests, as there appear to be good opportunities
for working DX in the early morning.  Such operating times might be
useful for stations interested in LF DXing, but who cannot participate
during the evening openings (due to, for example, work schedules; or
local QRM problems).

Noise canceller
******************
I continue to get excellent results from my VK5BR noise canceller.  But,
because the noise canceller requires different settings for each of my
two receive antennas (loop/vertical), I find myself having to adjust the
noise canceller quite frequently.  My current project involves building
two switched noise cancellers in one box.  I plan to use a sense signal
from my antenna switch to automatically select the appropriate noise
canceller for the chosen antenna.  Also, I will add a 'mix' facility so
that I can try to cancel out two different QRM sources simultaneously.

Regards to all,
Steve GW4ALG



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Alan Melia" <Alan.Melia@btinternet.com>
To: "rsgb_lf_group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: RE vfskcw....help files?
Date: Tue, 23 Nov 1999 00:37:30 -0000
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Hi Steve I downloaded and I don't seem to have any help files in the ZIP ??
Cheers de Alan G3NYK
Alan.Melia@btinternet.com




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Hi All.

It's 05.00, we're just back from the island and I've just read a small 
fraction of the e-mails on the reflector. I'm really pleased that our visit 
coincided with some good conditions and that we generated a lot of interest 
with the GD calls. Thank you! Details from Dave later....

For anyone who's thinking about sending a card: Please note that my address 
is NOT correct in most current call books.

It's  38 Wyndham Crescent, Hounslow, Middlesex. TW4 5HZ   U.K.
Hope that helps

Vy 73, es CUL

David    ( GD0MRF   -  IO74TJ ) - not /P due to licence requirement for 73k 
operation.





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From: "Mike Dennison" <mike.dennison@rsgb.org.uk>
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GW4ALG wrote:
> Both Christer and I either called CQ, or listened, during the test
> period.  No other CW signals were heard. 

Sorry, Steve, I had promised to be on 136 early, but the prospect of 
working GD on 73kHz diverted me to that band. I will be there next 
time.

73


Mike, G3XDV (IO91VT)
http://www.dennison.demon.co.uk/activity.htm



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Hello Alan, hi All,
very interesting info about your station. AOR7030 is an excellent RX, so one can 
find many positive reports in the magazines. Well, the distance is about 580 
kilometres from here and your loop is good working.Due to less noise from 
the cross-sides you can detect signals down 0,2 uV, 50 ... 100nV as 
well.Soegiono Gamal has built a loop recently. Got a description and made a 
little illustration. I put it on my website:

http://home.t-online.de/home/Bernd.Grupe/homepage.htm
at index 3.2.4

High Q and low stray-capacitance of his construction permits a definitely 
outstanding performance, so Gamal pointed out.I think the illustration will 
give more than 100 words to you. It may be a help for LOWFERS to find out the 
best practical solution for our special requirements on LF.

vy 73 de Bernd DF8ZR (JN49JV)





From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Soegiono, Gamal" <soegiono@nm.hsd.utc.com>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: LF: receiving loop design
Date: Tue, 23 Nov 1999 15:50:04 +0100
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Hello Bernd Grupe, hello All

DF8ZR> Soegiono Gamal has built a loop recently. 
DF8ZR> Got a description and made a little 
DF8ZR> illustration. I put it on my website:
DF8ZR> http://home.t-online.de/home/Bernd.Grupe/homepage.htm
DF8ZR> at index 3.2.4

Well - the design of this loop is not based on my own...
...I should have pointed out this fact to Bernd a bit clearer.

I just implemented and tested what Bryce Ofstie, ki0LE
[ki0le@cp.duluth.mn.us] has posted on his web-page 
http://www.computerpro.com/~ki0le/pages/loop1.htm

There you will find comprehensive building instructions
and a lot of pictures which illustrate it's design features.


DF8ZR> High Q and low stray-capacitance of his construction 
DF8ZR> permits a definitely outstanding performance, 
DF8ZR> so Gamal pointed out.

It was Bryce Ofstie's idea to remember a design feature which
dates back to the 1920s - the winding scheeme, which may be
characterized as "spider web weaved" or "basket weaved"
loop windings.

The performance - low residual capacity AND low proximity
effect - is inherent in this kind of loop winding scheeme.

My implementation thereof gives indeed satisfactory results
which can be viewed on Bernd Grupe's web page.

73 de Gamal
 






From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Dave" <dave@picks.force9.co.uk>
To: "LF Group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: GD
Date: Tue, 23 Nov 1999 18:47:52 -0000
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Dear all.

We're back safely, but totally exhausted due to a very exciting weekend and
a 3am (later for the London contingent) arrival home last night.
The locator, from David's marvellous GPS rx was IO74TJ and the QTH was Point
of Ayre at the Northern tip of the Isle of Man. I will put some of the story
and pictures on the website soon.
The most amazing thing about it was the conditions we seemed to be
experiencing from the seaside location. I know you all report good tx
signals with our kite antenna and the "QRP" 100w from the rig in the car,
but the receive signals were equally amazing. OH1TN blasting in like a
local, followed by the two SMs, DK8KW at 579! When John G4GVC gave us 10dB
over 9 on Sunday afternoon, I  took the attenuators out of the receiver so
that it was on the gain I use at home, and he was 10dB over 9 too! Truly
reciprocal as we both use the same rx, a TS850. How can I have been
receiving John better from the Isle of Man than at home in Birmingham, 50km
away from him??
The answer lies in the sea I think....

Thanks to all those who came on especially to work us and apologies to those
we missed, I think we had about 60 QSOs and worked about 11 countries
between us. Several stations went for the "worked all GD award" and called
all three of us, so I'm not sure what the final number of different stations
was.

I hope Graham and David have woken up by now!

Great fun. Where to next?


73, Dave G3YXM.



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Steve Olney" <ollaneg@zeta.org.au>
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Subject: LF: Re: RE vfskcw....help files?
Date: Wed, 24 Nov 1999 06:35:12 +1100
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G'day Alan,

Yes, as pointed out in part iii of the the Notes on the download page, some
parts of the package have yet to be done.   I am working on them :-)  
Should be available in the next version.

Any results yet?

73s Steve Olney (VK2ZTO/AXSO - QF56IK : Lat -33 34 07, Long +150 44 40)
=============================================
LowFer URL:
http://www.zeta.org.au/~ollaneg/lowfer.htm
AXSO LF Experimental Station URL:
http://www.zeta.org.au/~ollaneg/axsoextx.htm
LF Receiving - FRG-100, CHA antenna
LF Transmitting - 177.5/177.4kHz 8W - 7.6m vertical or CHA
Modes - AM, SSB, PSK31, SSTV, Hellschreiber, QRSS
and a new experimental mode - FDK.  See this URL for more:
http://www.zeta.org.au/~ollaneg/FDK.htm
=============================================


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "LAWRENCE MAYHEAD" <LAURIE@g3aqc.freeserve.co.uk>
To: "rsgb lf group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: BK Amp
Date: Tue, 23 Nov 1999 20:02:17 -0000
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD W3 HTML//EN">
<HTML>
<HEAD>

<META content=text/html;charset=iso-8859-1 http-equiv=Content-Type>
<META content='"MSHTML 4.72.3110.7"' name=GENERATOR>
</HEAD>
<BODY bgColor=#ffffff>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>Thanks to Mike G3XDV and Lech G3KAU for advice 
re BK Amp.I now get 300 w after changing nfb components.Will&nbsp; have to 
change OP Tx as it now gets hot! 73 Laurie G3AQC.</FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Steve Olney" <ollaneg@zeta.org.au>
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To: "RSGB LF Group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: VFSKCW Version 3...
Date: Wed, 24 Nov 1999 09:00:33 +1100
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G'day All,

I have just posted Version 3 of VFSKCW.  It now includes a help file as
well incorporating shaped tones to minimise keying clicks.   This will be
all for now until I get enough interest to address
enhancements/improvements.

So it is over to you!!!

Version 3 can be obtained from

http://www.zeta.org.au/~ollaneg/vfskcw.htm

Please make sure you Refresh/Reload that page to update the links to the
latest files.

73s Steve Olney (VK2ZTO/AXSO - QF56IK : Lat -33 34 07, Long +150 44 40)
=============================================
LowFer URL:
http://www.zeta.org.au/~ollaneg/lowfer.htm
AXSO LF Experimental Station URL:
http://www.zeta.org.au/~ollaneg/axsoextx.htm
LF Receiving - FRG-100, CHA antenna
LF Transmitting - 177.5/177.4kHz 8W - 7.6m vertical or CHA
Modes - AM, SSB, PSK31, SSTV, Hellschreiber, QRSS
and a new experimental mode - FDK.  See this URL for more:
http://www.zeta.org.au/~ollaneg/FDK.htm
=============================================


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Johan Bodin" <sm6lkm.jbeab@swipnet.se>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org,  lowfer@qth.net
Subject: LF: Special LF event - Part 2
Date: Tue, 23 Nov 1999 23:18:52 +0100
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Hello All,

We have got a special permission to radiate 1kW ERP (!) in the
135.7 - 137.8 kHz band during our "dxpedition" to Karlsborg on
Saturday the 27:th of November. SM6PXJ, Christer, will bring his
new 1 kW TX. The antenna efficiency is not known to us but it is
probably 50%, or more, so we will be able to radiate at least 500 watts.

We will have a 200 watt TX as backup in case Murphy decides to
blow up all spare MOSFETs...

We expect to be QRV from Saturday afternoon and we will continue
until dawn on Sunday.

We estimate there is a slight chance that our signals can be heard,
or at least detected, across the Atlantic ocean. Aim your loops at
Sweden and load some FFT software into your PCs (Spectrogram etc).

This may be the last chance to hear LF signals from the huge antenna
in Karlsborg. The old antenna will soon face the same fate as the
antenna in Annapolis did just weeks ago... 

Suggestions for frequencies, sked times etc. are welcome. Write to:

sm6lkm.jbeab@swipnet.se
or
sm6pxj@swipnet.se


73 de Johan Bodin, SM6LKM


A copy of my previous message is appended below, in case you missed it.

****

Hello All,


SM6PXJ, SM0AOM and I are planning a 137 kHz dxpedition to
the transmitting site in Karlsborg on Saturday November 27.
We are going to use the old "T" antenna which is about 210
meters high.

- The special callsign will be 7S6SAJ.
- We will bring equipment for slow CW / QRSS / VCW.
- We will probably get permission to use more than 1W ERP.

We have not yet decided on frequencies, sked times etc.
Suggestions are welcome.


Stay tuned for more information.

73 de Johan Bodin, SM6LKM




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Graham Phillips" <g3xtz@rgcomms.demon.co.uk>
To: "RSGB L.F. Group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: Isle of Man Operation.
Date: Tue, 23 Nov 1999 23:52:24 -0000
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Hi all L.F-ers,

I am still suffering from Ferry-Lag symptoms, having arrived home at 04.45
on Tuesday morning, and STILL experiencing the dreaded "Morse in the Brain"
phenomenon (this must be similar to tinitus, except that I have to keep
concentrating on the noise, to try and decode it !)

The GD group were, I think, very pleased with the results of our long
weekend operation. I have about forty digital pictures, and a reel of
"proper" film to show what went on. I am sure that complete details will
appear in due course.

The most amazing result for me was the effects of experimenting with lengths
of earth leads, and finding the difference obtained by moving the
transmitter site nearer to the ocean.

I think we worked about 50 stations, my own GD3XTZ/P log shows the following
:

19/11/99	21.44		G3XDV
		22.44		MM0ALM
		22.55		OH5UFO
		23.18		PA0BWL
20/11/99	10.55		G4GVC
		11.05		GW4ALG
		18.33		GD0MRF
		18.40		DK8KW
		18.52		G3LDO
21/11/99	09.53		GI3PDN
		10.01		G3KEV
		10.07		PA0SE
		10.13		G3LNP
		10.18		PA2NJN
		12.59		EI0CF

I will be QSL'ing as soon as I have some suitable cards finished. The
correct QSL address is:

Graham B. Phillips. G3XTZ.
Christmas Tree Cottage,
27 Stanley Road,
Ashford, Middlesex.
TW15 2LP.

The suggestion has already been made ... "where to next" !   I feel that the
group effort worked so well that I would be pleased to join David, G0MRF and
Dave, G3YXM to any DX location.

73 de Graham, GD3XTZ/P and G3XTZ.

g3xtz@rgcomms.demon.co.uk








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From: "Holger 'Geri', DK8KW" <DK8KW@compuserve.com>
Subject: LF: Isle of Man Operation.
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Graham, GD3XTZ/P and G3XTZ, wrote:

>The suggestion has already been made ... "where to next" !   I feel that
the
>group effort worked so well that I would be pleased to join David, G0MRF
and
>Dave, G3YXM to any DX location.<

I heard that Guernsey and Jersey are lovely places, especially in early
springtime ...

73

Geri, DK8KW (W1KW)


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Rik Strobbe" <rik.strobbe@fys.kuleuven.ac.be>
Subject: Re: LF: GD
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At 18:47 23/11/99 -0000, you wrote:
>Dear all.
>
>We're back safely, but totally exhausted due to a very exciting weekend and
>a 3am (later for the London contingent) arrival home last night.
Dave, David & Graham : once again thanks for the marvelous DX-spedition. I
never expected to work GD in the afternoon (sunday) with 569 / 589 reports
- either the location or (and) the propagation must have been exceptional.

> ...

>Great fun. Where to next?
Maybe GJ and/or GU (if LORAN permits)


73, Rik  ON7YD


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Wed, 24 Nov 1999 14:42:50 -0000 ()
From: "John Rabson" <word.factory@zetnet.co.uk>
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On 24-Nov-99 Holger 'Geri', DK8KW wrote:
> 
> I heard that Guernsey and Jersey are lovely places, especially in early
> springtime ...
> 

Not to mention Sark ...

73 de G3PAI 

----------------------------------
E-Mail: John Rabson <word.factory@zetnet.co.uk>
Date: 24-Nov-99
Time: 14:40:18

This message was sent by XFMail
----------------------------------


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Subject: LF: Radiation Resistance of Transmitting loops
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Hi Dave,

I've been reading your Home Page and came across a formula for the radiation
resistance of a loop antenna:

Rrad = 320*Pi^4*A^2/L^4

where A is the area of the loop in square metres and L is the wavelength in
metres.

There is a similar formula in the LF Experimenter's Source Book, in an
article on LF Transmitting Loops (page 2.25). No author is given, but it is
attributed to "Break In" 
July 1995. The formula given there (page 2.26) is:

Rr = 7.72E-30*f^4*A^2*n^2

where f is the frequency in Herz,
A is the loop area in square metres,
and n is the number of turns.

Putting n = 1 as in your case and this reduces to:

Rr = 7.72E-30*f^4*A^2

The problem is that this formula gives results twice as big as your formula.
A factor of 2 appears to have got lost somewhere in one of the two
formulae.

My question is, which one is right? If the second one is right, your loop is
twice as good as you thought it was!

One more question. Where can I get 3C85 ferrite rings? I've been through all
the catalogues with no success.

I hope to be on the air before too much longer. I put up a G5RV a few weeks
ago for HF. Because the garden is short, the last 20 feet or so of each arm
are turned down to about 8 foot above ground. Having tried a few calls it
seems to be working quite well on HF. So now I have provisionally connected
the two ends with a good thick multistranded earth type wire and supported
it about 2 feet above the ground from one end to the other. The garden is on
rather a dramatic slope, rising by over 20 feet at the bottom, so climbing
boots were necessary.

Like Steve ALG, I quickly found that a 300 ohm conventional feeder has got
far too much resistance, so I must change that before I do much more, but I
don't want too much weight on the antenna. The total DC resistance was found
to be 1.8 ohms and after a few measurements and calculations I found that
this is made up of:

34 feet of 300 ohm ribbon		0.7 ohm
15 metres of RG58CU		0.63 ohm
102 feet of 16swg antenna wire	0.3 ohm
lower loop wire			0.17 ohm 

So the main thing is to replace the feeder and the coax. I don't fancy
replacing the 16swg with 14swg, so I may have to live with that, but I may
go for even thicker wire for the lower part of the loop. I've got some very
heavy gauge 50 ohm coax with a 2.5 mm core, so this may do to connect the
bottom of the feeder to the shack, using a balun/matching unit at that
point.

A loop of this type is attractive for me, because I can't really put up two
antennas, one for LF and another for HF. Obviously for HF the lower part of
the loop must be disconnected, but that doesn't seem too big a problem.

73s 

John, G4CNN, Locator: IO91ML





________________________________________________________________
Get FREE voicemail, fax and email at http://voicemail.excite.com
Talk online at http://voicechat.excite.com


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Wed, 24 Nov 1999 18:02:38
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: "Rik Strobbe" <rik.strobbe@fys.kuleuven.ac.be>
Subject: Re: LF: Special LF event - Part 2
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At 23:18 23/11/99 +0100, Johan Bodin, SM6LKM wrote:
>We have got a special permission to radiate 1kW ERP (!) in the
>135.7 - 137.8 kHz band during our "dxpedition" to Karlsborg on
>Saturday the 27:th of November.
A lot of power, can I charge blown-up front-end transistors to you ? .... ..

>We expect to be QRV from Saturday afternoon and we will continue
>until dawn on Sunday.
>
>We estimate there is a slight chance that our signals can be heard,
>or at least detected, across the Atlantic ocean. Aim your loops at
>Sweden and load some FFT software into your PCs (Spectrogram etc).
As you are at a rathern northern position best chances to be heard at the
other side of the pond will be eastern VE and north-eastern W. Distance to
very east of Canada should just be over 4000km, North-East US abt. 5000 to
5500km. Extra advantage is that the complete path is very northern.

>Suggestions for frequencies, sked times etc. are welcome. Write to:
During the GD DX-pedition I had some problems copying the GD stations
because 2 nearby stations were calling straight on the transmit frequency
of the GD. Working 'split' maybe a good idea :
a. you will cause no QRM to others trying to copy the 'DX station'
b. if we spread out everybodies chance to be heard will increase

Good luck with the operation,

Rik  ON7YD


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Wed, 24 Nov 1999 18:26:07
To: rsgb_lf_group@BLACKSHEEP.ORG
From: "Rik Strobbe" <rik.strobbe@fys.kuleuven.ac.be>
Subject: Re: LF: Radiation Resistance of Transmitting loops
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The formula for a single-turn loop I found in the 'Taschenbuch der
Hochfrequenztechnik' is the same as Dave's.

73, Rik  ON7YD

At 07:44 24/11/99 PST, you wrote:
>Hi Dave,
>
>I've been reading your Home Page and came across a formula for the radiation
>resistance of a loop antenna:
>
>Rrad = 320*Pi^4*A^2/L^4
>
>where A is the area of the loop in square metres and L is the wavelength in
>metres.
>
>There is a similar formula in the LF Experimenter's Source Book, in an
>article on LF Transmitting Loops (page 2.25). No author is given, but it is
>attributed to "Break In" 
>July 1995. The formula given there (page 2.26) is:
>
>Rr = 7.72E-30*f^4*A^2*n^2
>
>where f is the frequency in Herz,
>A is the loop area in square metres,
>and n is the number of turns.
>
>Putting n = 1 as in your case and this reduces to:
>
>Rr = 7.72E-30*f^4*A^2
>
>The problem is that this formula gives results twice as big as your formula.
>A factor of 2 appears to have got lost somewhere in one of the two
>formulae.
>
>My question is, which one is right? If the second one is right, your loop is
>twice as good as you thought it was!
>
>One more question. Where can I get 3C85 ferrite rings? I've been through all
>the catalogues with no success.
>
>I hope to be on the air before too much longer. I put up a G5RV a few weeks
>ago for HF. Because the garden is short, the last 20 feet or so of each arm
>are turned down to about 8 foot above ground. Having tried a few calls it
>seems to be working quite well on HF. So now I have provisionally connected
>the two ends with a good thick multistranded earth type wire and supported
>it about 2 feet above the ground from one end to the other. The garden is on
>rather a dramatic slope, rising by over 20 feet at the bottom, so climbing
>boots were necessary.
>
>Like Steve ALG, I quickly found that a 300 ohm conventional feeder has got
>far too much resistance, so I must change that before I do much more, but I
>don't want too much weight on the antenna. The total DC resistance was found
>to be 1.8 ohms and after a few measurements and calculations I found that
>this is made up of:
>
>34 feet of 300 ohm ribbon		0.7 ohm
>15 metres of RG58CU		0.63 ohm
>102 feet of 16swg antenna wire	0.3 ohm
>lower loop wire			0.17 ohm 
>
>So the main thing is to replace the feeder and the coax. I don't fancy
>replacing the 16swg with 14swg, so I may have to live with that, but I may
>go for even thicker wire for the lower part of the loop. I've got some very
>heavy gauge 50 ohm coax with a 2.5 mm core, so this may do to connect the
>bottom of the feeder to the shack, using a balun/matching unit at that
>point.
>
>A loop of this type is attractive for me, because I can't really put up two
>antennas, one for LF and another for HF. Obviously for HF the lower part of
>the loop must be disconnected, but that doesn't seem too big a problem.
>
>73s 
>
>John, G4CNN, Locator: IO91ML
>
>
>
>
>
>________________________________________________________________
>Get FREE voicemail, fax and email at http://voicemail.excite.com
>Talk online at http://voicechat.excite.com
>
>


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "'Geri' Kinzel, DK8KW" <DK8KW@compuserve.com>
Subject: Re: LF: Special LF event - Part 2
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
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Rik  ON7YD wrote:

>During the GD DX-pedition I had some problems copying the GD stations
>because 2 nearby stations were calling straight on the transmit frequency
>of the GD. Working 'split' maybe a good idea :<

I would suggest the usual "2 up"  ....       ;-)


Geri, DK8KW (W1KW)


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Dave" <dave@picks.force9.co.uk>
To: "LF Group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: GD story
Date: Wed, 24 Nov 1999 23:43:53 -0000
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Dear all,

My version of the GD expedition story is now at
http://www.picks.f9.co.uk/newspic10.htm

73, Dave G3YXM.



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "kate moore" <mek@leicester.ac.uk>
To: "lfgroup" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: IOM -Thanks
Date: Thu, 25 Nov 1999 08:20:53 -0000
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Now you're all back safe and sound, I really must add my thanks and
congratulations to Dave, David and Graham for the fantastic way you
carried out the operation from the Isle of Man last weekend. No doubt
you had your fair share of problems to solve and the unexpected to
deal with, but from an observer's point of view it all seemed to go
like clockwork - obvious testimony to good planning and the great deal
of LF experience within the group.

Signals were exceptional and I'm certainly very grateful for the contacts.
In addition, I'm sure many of us benefitted from the increase in activity
on the bands that the expedition generated!

Take a well-earned rest fellas...... then let us know what you plan next!!

Well done and thanks again.


          John G4GVC



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: =?iso-8859-1?Q?V=E4in=F6_Lehtoranta?= <vaiski@dlc.fi>
Subject: LF: Listening report 24 Nov 1999
Cc: MN@nipl.com
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LF observations 24 Nov 1999 (136..137 kHz) by OH2LX
(qth: Jokela, South Finland, KP20LN, (60N34 024E58)
(R&S ESH2/---- 10m coax---/1:10/---15m wire-----):

1627z 136.5 MM0ALM clg  -15 dB(uV)->-122 dBmW 
1637z 136.5 OH3LYG clg   +2         -105  
1912z 136.5 OZ5N   clg  -16         -123 
1943z 136.8 OH3LYG wkg   +2         -105
            G3KEV       -20         -127
2019z 136.5 OZ1KMR wkg  -13         -120
            G3XTZ        not heard  
2130z 136.6 OH3LYG wkg   +3         -104 
            SM4DHN      -16         -123
--------------------------------------------------
Noise level with antenna: with 200Hz IF BandWidth: 
-25..-23 dB(uV), -132..-129dBmW (varies w ICM etc)
--------------------------------------------------
118.8                 +2 dB(uV)  -105 dBmW
123.5   (broad)        0         -107 
127.9    Decca       +24          -83 
128.9    DCF49       +12          -95
129.5    SOA212      +14          -93
135.8                 -2         -109 
138.8    DCF39       +14          -93
141.4                -10         -104
147.3                 +9         -117 

131.8   Datatrak     -10         -117
133.2   Datatrak     -12         -119 
144.6   Datatrak     -10         -117 
146.5   Datatrak     -15         -122
--------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------
V.K.Lehtoranta, OH2LX, POBox 50, FIN-05401 Jokela, Finland
------ Tel: +358-9-4173965 ---- Fax: +358-9-4173961 ------
E-mail: vaiski@dlc.fi - alias: oh2lx@dlc.fi & oh2lx@sral.fi


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Petr Maly" <p.maly@gmc.net>
To: "136 group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: QRV this weekend
Date: Thu, 25 Nov 1999 11:18:17 +0100
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Hello LowFers

I will be QRV from Friday evening to Sunday afternoon. I will stick to my
usual scheme:
I will CQ and listen on normal CW first 15 minutes of each hour, and if
nothing to do, then next 45 minutes will be devoted to Visual-CW. I will be
on air nearly continuously, except heating in stoves and few hours sleep.
I will go there alone, a little bit cold and more or less I rely on that I
will make some of the village people to take a tractor and pull my car up to
the steep snowy hill...
My aim is to make the Swedish (would be my personal distance record) and
more CW distant QSOs, RX being much improved with very narrow A.F. filter.
Be there, next time I will be QRV on spring next year.

BTW, yesterday we had annual meeting of club station OK1KHK in Hradec
Kralove.
I showed the guys some photos and QSLs. My sparkling enthusiasm maybe
infected
them, two of them already begun to wind loading coils...

73! Petr, OK1FIG






From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Soegiono, Gamal" <soegiono@nm.hsd.utc.com>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: LF: receiption report Nov. 24/1999
Date: Thu, 25 Nov 1999 12:11:21 +0100
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While testing RX antennas, observed CQ call:

20:08 - 20:20 UTC	DL3FDO
RST=339 on active ferrite rod indoor antenna (-111 dBm)
RST=459 on active electric vertical outdoor antenna (-98 dBm)

Best 73 de Gamal Soegiono (SWL)

50N01 / 08E27 / JO 40 fa
soegiono@nm.hsd.utc.com
or
soegiono@nmex01nt.hsd.utc.com







From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "LAWRENCE MAYHEAD" <LAURIE@g3aqc.freeserve.co.uk>
To: "rsgb lf group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: Directional Ants for 136.
Date: Thu, 25 Nov 1999 17:08:30 -0000
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<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>I am plagued here on the coast by the Loran 
station on 100Khz located in northen France .The path to my QTH is mainly over 
water so sigs very strong even in our band. I needed to reduce the strength of 
the sidebands from this station,so I tried a loop ant. this helped but I lost a 
lot of coverage due to the double null of this type of ant.(it was not very 
convenient to rotate it due to the remote location.However I remembered the 
&quot; EWE&quot; ant used effectively on 160 and 80 and have adapted it for 
136.The EWE is basically a pair of short verts spaced about one eigth wavelength 
apart there is an elevated phasing line between the verts.On 136 the optimum 
spacing would be about 750 feet but I modelled the ant for 300 to 500 feet 
spacing and got very good plots.the height is not so important( it affects the 
sig strength of coufse)but this is very low in any case and needs an amp.Elnec 
predicts about 28db front to back and a sensitivity of -42 dbi.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>I put this ant up today among the trees! with 
the null on the Loran station.This has improved the sig/noise by 10-20db and I 
can hardly hear the &quot;galloping Horses )hi.Will need to do lots of on air 
tests to comfirm but its looking good.I would not have belived it possible to 
get much directivity on 136 but! for details of EWE ant see Low Band DXing by 
ON4UN. 73 to all .G3AQC..</FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "urban.ekholm" <urban.ekholm@hem-pc.bip.net>
To: "LF-group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: More from SM !
Date: Thu, 25 Nov 1999 19:20:55 +0100
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<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>Hi to All !</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>I will most likely be QRV as SM5EUF/5 during 
saturday afternoon / evening from the summer-house at JO78SQ. If so I will bring 
the rig. Hopefully the antenna is still in the air ! I will listen (and call) 
around every full hour from 1300Z. QRG 136.064-136.576 normal CW and 137.728 
QRSS. <BR>Maybe the preamp will be burnt out by 7S6SAJ not more than about 70km 
away but I will take that risk HI.&nbsp; Will bring also a loop to check the 
difference to the T-antenna. I will run about 130W out with a synth oscillator 
changeable in frequency in steps of 128hz from 135808 to 137728. (Xtal a watch 
crystal on 32768hz). If anyone is interested in it let me know. I have started 
making a circuit diagram (in MS WORD) of the synthesizer. </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2><BR>If I get everything going until saturday I 
will also try some QRSS.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>Please note that it is not 100% sure that I will 
be QRV. It will depend a bit on the weather if I go there or not.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>Any listening reports will be appreciated to my 
e-mail adress below.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>73 de SM5EUF / Urban</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>e-mail: <A 
href="mailto:urban.ekholm@hem-pc.bip.net">urban.ekholm@hem-pc.bip.net</A></FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Thu, 25 Nov 1999 21:11:21 +0100
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: LF: "West Coast" Radio Handbook, edited by William I. Orr, W6SAI
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From: "Hans-Joachim Brandt" <hajo.brandt.dj1zb@t-online.de>
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(Especially) dear US readers of this server,

does anybody know whether this Radio Handbook, from which I own a 1975 edition, 
is still on the market with newer editions?

(A typical question before xmas)

HW?

73 Ha-Jo, DJ1ZB



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From: "M.J.Powell" <mike@pickmere.demon.co.uk>
Subject: Re: LF: Directional Ants for 136.
References: <000201bf3768$0129b420$adc1883e@lvm>
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In message <000201bf3768$0129b420$adc1883e@lvm>, LAWRENCE MAYHEAD
<LAURIE@g3aqc.freeserve.co.uk> writes

Why don't you try a loop plus a short vertical to get a cardioid which
has only one null?

Mike G3IJE
-- 
M.J.Powell


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From: "LAWRENCE MAYHEAD" <LAURIE@g3aqc.freeserve.co.uk>
To: "rsgb lf group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: Re DL3FDO
Date: Thu, 25 Nov 1999 22:07:14 -0000
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<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>Hrd CQ de DL3FDO rst 3/4/9 at 2145 on 136.54 QSX 
1863 but sri not QRV on 160!&nbsp; try 80! 73 Laurie.</FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML>

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To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: =?iso-8859-1?Q?V=E4in=F6_Lehtoranta?= <vaiski@dlc.fi>
Subject: LF: Listening report 25 Nov 1999
Cc: MN@nipl.com
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LF observations 25 Nov 1999 (136..137 kHz) by OH2LX
(qth: Jokela, South Finland, KP20LN, (60N34 024E58)
(R&S ESH2/---- 10m coax---/1:10/---15m wire-----):

2015z 136.5 OH3LYG wkg  +4 dB(uV)   -103 dBmW
            OZ5N       -17          -124
2206z 136.8 I5MXX  clg -22          -129 
            OH1TN  clg   0          -107
2251z 136.5 MM0ALM clg -18          -125
------------------------------------------NOTES:---
OH3LYG: 100W out, Tgp 30 m
  OZ5N: 850W, 10 m vertical, 130 m hor wire
 OH1TN: called I5MXX but no answer
---------------------------------------------------
Condx: LF commercials with moderate strength only
AVE: DCF39 138.8        26 dB(uV  )  -81 dBmW
     DCF49 128.9        26           -81
     Greek 135.8        -5          -112
---------------------------------------------------
Noise level with antenna: with IF B-w 200Hz: 
-25..-22 dB(uV), -132..-129dBmW (varies w ICM etc)
---------------------------------------------------
131.8   Datatrak    -2 dB(uV)  -109 dBmW
132.8   Datatrak   -22         -129
133.2   Datatrak    -3         -110 
144.6   Datatrak    -2         -109 
146.2   Datatrak   -20         -127
146.5   Datatrak    -4         -122
---------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------
V.K.Lehtoranta, OH2LX, POBox 50, FIN-05401 Jokela, Finland
------ Tel: +358-9-4173965 ---- Fax: +358-9-4173961 ------
E-mail: vaiski@dlc.fi - alias: oh2lx@dlc.fi & oh2lx@sral.fi


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "MAL HAMILTON" <MAL@g3kev.freeserve.co.uk>
To: "rsgb" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: daytime qso
Date: Fri, 26 Nov 1999 15:04:35 -0000
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<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>G3KEV worked OH3LYG daytime at 
1117utc/241199.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>Report 559 each way. This report was down only 
one S point</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>compared to a qso at 2107utc/211199 evening. 73 
de Mal/G3KEV</FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Johan Bodin" <sm6lkm.jbeab@swipnet.se>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org,  lowfer@qth.net
Subject: LF: 7S6SAJ expedition cancelled
Date: Fri, 26 Nov 1999 16:49:23 +0100
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Hello All,

Bad news.

Our 7S6SAJ dxpedition to Karlsborg has been cancelled because
a key person suddenly became unable to participate.

However, we will try to make a new attempt in a near future.

Please excuse us for inconveniences we may have caused.

73's from SM6LKM and SM6PXJ

Johan Bodin, SM6LKM





From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Johan Bodin" <sm6lkm.jbeab@swipnet.se>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org,  lowfer@qth.net
Subject: LF: 7S6SAJ expedition cancelled
Date: Fri, 26 Nov 1999 16:51:13 +0100
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Hello All,

Bad news.

Our 7S6SAJ dxpedition to Karlsborg has been cancelled because
a key person suddenly became unable to participate.

However, we will try to make a new attempt in a near future.

Please excuse us for inconveniences we may have caused.

73's from SM6LKM and SM6PXJ

Johan Bodin, SM6LKM




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Dave" <dave@picks.force9.co.uk>
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
References: <001b01bf3820$e03f0a80$9b47883e@default>
Subject: LF: Re: daytime qso
Date: Fri, 26 Nov 1999 18:53:44 -0000
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<DIV><FONT size=2>Mal,</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2>Congratulations, I heard him with a good signal early 
yesterday evening but have never heard him in daylight. </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2>Look out for OK1FIG this weekend he's already been heard by 
G3OLB with his new 1100ft aerial!</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2>73, Dave G3YXM.</FONT></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE 
style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px">
  <DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">&nbsp;</DIV>
  <DIV><BR></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>G3KEV worked OH3LYG daytime at 
  1117utc/241199.</FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>Report 559 each way. This report was down only 
  one S point</FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2>compared to a qso at 2107utc/211199 evening. 
  73 de Mal/G3KEV</FONT></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></BODY></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Andre' Kesteloot" <akestelo@bellatlantic.net>
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Subject: Re: LF: "West Coast" Radio Handbook, edited by William Orr, W6SAI
References: <m11r5Ef-0003H4C@fwd14.btx.dtag.de>
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Amazon.com lists the Radio Handbook, William Orr W6SAI, Editor, 23rd edition, 672
pages, May 1997 at $52.95
ISBN:0750699477
Regards
Andre' N4ICK

Hans-Joachim Brandt wrote:

> (Especially) dear US readers of this server,
> does anybody know whether this Radio Handbook, from which I own a 1975 edition,
> is still on the market with newer editions?
> 73 Ha-Jo, DJ1ZB







From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Fri, 26 Nov 1999 21:51:08 +0100
From: "Heinz Schnait" <oe5eep@qsl.net>
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Subject: LF: OE on the air !!!
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OE5ODL and OE5EEP/5 will be on the air on Saturday, November 27, from
abt 1500 - 1800Z in normal CW. We will be experimenting with antenna
modifications.

73 Heinz, OE5EEP


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Andre' Kesteloot" <akestelo@bellatlantic.net>
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To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: LF: The Ropex Crystal Trick
References: <E11nJTd-0006HN-00@mserv1b.u-net.net>
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Mike Dennison wrote:

> Andre,
> I will be getting a Ropex Tx as a Christmas present for my portable
> work. Please let me have details of the crystal mods.

Here are the modifications I have now performed on 3 different units:

The Ropex "The First" LF transmitter comes with a
crystal, soldered in place, for operation on 136,533 kHz.
To change the frequency of operation, you may proceed as
follows:

a) obtain a new crystal for parallel operation into 20 pF,  at 48 times the
desired frequency. For instance for operation on 136,750, I ordered a crystal
for (136,750 x 48) = 6,564,000 Hz.

b) remove 4 Phillips screws, two on either side of the
unit.

c) lift the green lid.

d) remove 2 Phillips screws located on bottom of unit.
(These screws hold the internal chassis to the bottom of
the box).

e) remove 4 Phillips screws holding the front panel to
the frame.

f) bring the front-panel slightly forward

g) at the fuse-holder end, unsolder the thick red wire
going from the fuse holder to the printed circuit board.
(Note: the fuse holder is somewhat flimsy, and you may
decide to replace it with a sturdier unit). The various
parts of the assembly can now be moved about.

h) Unscrew and remove the inch-long screw that holds
the two power Fets against the back of the aluminum chassis.
With tweezers or long-nose pliers, remove the small tapped
rectangular plate into which fitted the screw.

i) unscrew and remove the 4 self-tapping Phillips screws
located at the 4 corners of the printed circuit board.
This will release the 4 stand-off spacers/bushings that
support the printed-circuit board. The printed circuit
board is now free from the aluminum chassis.

j) on the component side of the printed-circuit board,
notice that the crystal is soldered to the ground plane.
With solder wick, or a vacuum pump, remove that solder
point.

k) on the trace side of the printed circuit board,
unsolder the two pins of the crystal, and remove the
crystal.

l) cut off a 3-pin length of a regular (not machined) dip
IC socket. Remove (or cut-off, flush) the middle pin.
Insert that socket in place of the crystal. Secure with
a   _small_   drop of 5-minute epoxy (Araldite).

m) you will now need to manufacture a crystal sub-
assembly. (This approach allows for the easy replacement
of crystals and fine tuning). Cut off a 3-pin length of a
machined (not regular) dip socket and glue it to the
bottom of a 0.5 by 1 inch piece of scrap perforated
board or printed circuit board. Now glue another 3-pin
length of regular (not machined) dip IC socket about 0.5
inch from the bottom socket. The new crystal will fit in
this upper socket. On the other side of the board, attach
an adjustable 30-100 pF capacitor. Wire the capacitor and
the new crystal socket in series with the bottom socket.
Insert the sub-assembly in the socket located on the
main printed circuit board.

n) now re-attach the printed circuit board with the 4
self-tapping screws and bushings, then re-insert the
screw that holds the 2 power Fets to the aluminum
chassis. Reassemble the box in the inverse order
described above, leaving off the lid. Running the
transmitter in a test load, adjust the trimmer capacitor
until the exact frequency of operation is obtained. This
frequency will drift a few hertz as the unit warms up
(with the cover on).

Good luck.





From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Sat, 27 Nov 1999 00:28:05 -0500
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From: "'Geri' Kinzel, DK8KW" <DK8KW@compuserve.com>
Subject: LF: April 1st?
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
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Hello Lowfers,

from the Internet DX-cluster:


        http://oh2aq.kolumbus.com/dxs/137.html

        W6KH-@      136.8 K7SS        579 Calling CQ DX Europe!     2136 25
Nov
        K7SS-@      136.9 DJ5BV       339 in WA State!              2125 25
Nov

        Last 100 DX-spots on 137kHZ - reloaded every 5 minutes


Who is pulling our legs here?


Vy 73

Geri, DK8KW (W1KW)


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: =?iso-8859-1?Q?Robert_Decarni=E8re?= <on4dy@village.uunet.be>
To: "LF" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: Saturday Nov 27th report.
Date: Sat, 27 Nov 1999 13:54:16 -0000
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD W3 HTML//EN">
<HTML>
<HEAD>

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<DIV>de&nbsp; ON4DY (RX only ) in JO10TX near Ghent.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Hello All LowFers,</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>A very quiet band to listen to at switching on the receiver at 07:30 ,as 
far as noises and QRN is concerned.</DIV>
<DIV>First one heard 07:36&nbsp; PA0LEG CQ (559) with the loop in NNW &lt;&gt; 
SSE direction.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>07:47&nbsp;&nbsp; CQ&nbsp; de&nbsp; OK1FIG&nbsp; (539)&nbsp; emerges on 
137.1 as my country Nr.15 to be heard.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>07:57 - 08:00&nbsp; DL3FDO (549) calling OK1FIG on 136.65 with PA0LEG&nbsp; 
CQ on same frequency, then moves </DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;<FONT color=#000000 
size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
<FONT size=3>100 cycles higher.</FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>08:08 - 08:47&nbsp;&nbsp; Long, difficult but successful&nbsp; QSO&nbsp; 
OK1FIG - G4GVC&nbsp; exchanging 549/559 rprts as first</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;<FONT color=#000000 
size=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
<FONT size=3>G/OK on CW.&nbsp; Congrats !</FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2><FONT 
size=3>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
Condx were getting markedly better towards last part of QSO, also here OK1 
peaked a</FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2><FONT 
size=3>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
solid 549.&nbsp; Peter struggled in receiving his report in the first part of 
the qso.</FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2><FONT size=3></FONT></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2><FONT size=3>08:48 - 09:01&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
OK1FIG&nbsp; -&nbsp; G3YXM&nbsp; (579)&nbsp;&nbsp; solid qso&nbsp; 
exchanging&nbsp; 549/339&nbsp; (given/rcvd by OK)</FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2><FONT size=3>09:01 - 09:11&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
OK1FIG&nbsp; -&nbsp;&nbsp; G3KEV&nbsp; 
(589)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
idem&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
549/559</FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2><FONT size=3></FONT></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2><FONT size=3>09:11&nbsp;&nbsp; OK1FIG called by 
G6RO&nbsp; (549)&nbsp; and DJ5BV (549)</FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2><FONT size=3>09:13&nbsp;&nbsp; 3 min. long CQ de 
OK1FIG answered by G6RO but not heard.</FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2><FONT size=3></FONT></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2><FONT size=3>09:19 - 09:26 several CQs&nbsp; 
QSX&nbsp; ROPEX&nbsp; de OK1FIG still 549 here.</FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2><FONT size=3></FONT></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2><FONT size=3>09:30&nbsp;&nbsp; QSO&nbsp; G3KEV 
-&nbsp; DK8KW&nbsp; (549)</FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2><FONT size=3></FONT></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2><FONT size=3>09:39 - 09:44&nbsp; cqs OK1&nbsp; 
reprting to go on VCW....</FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2><FONT size=3></FONT></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>End of listening period.&nbsp; 73' to all de Bob,&nbsp; on4dy.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2><FONT size=3></FONT></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000000 size=2><FONT 
size=3>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
</FONT></FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML>

From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Alan Melia" <Alan.Melia@btinternet.com>
To: "rsgb_lf_group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: Good signal from Petr OK1FIG
Date: Sat, 27 Nov 1999 16:09:26 -0000
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Hi All the excitement continues.....Petr managed to heave a good signal into
the UK today. I copied him on normal speed CW working Graham G3XTZ at about
439 (Graham gave him 559) This was despite some 'DIY' power tool noises from
my neighbour. I also grabbed a very nice 'O' JPEG of his QRS CQ at 1530z,
unfortunately he didn't hear the call from Mike who also copied him at O O O
. This is interesting because Mike was only indicating 3dB lower than Graham
was on his successfull qso this morning. Well Done Petr !! Thanks for the
efforts. My Spectrogram copy is available if you think it will aid your
crusade to get more of your countrymen interested in 136kHz.
Christer, SM6PXJ was also a nice signal again this morning. It looks like it
was worth the trip Christer.

Cheers de Alan G3NYK  JO02PB
Alan.Melia@btinternet.com



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
From: "Tom Boucher" <tom@telemetry.demon.co.uk>
Subject: Re: LF: Convention pics
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>From Tom G3OLB, 27/11/99

Hello to all my LF friends. After being QRT for 4 months it's good to be
back on 136 from the new QTH at Sheldon Nr. Honiton, Devon. 

On Friday 26/11/99 the antenna erection was completed (in gales and
rain). I have 1100 feet (335 metres) of wire mostly about 50 feet up and
held in the air by 8 halyards over 8 tall trees. It's pretty much in a
straight line except for a 300 ft 'U' at the far end. There are a few
adjustments to be made to one section where it is a little close to some
branches but apart from that it's well insulated.

It is interesting that using my 200 watt Tx, I can get this very long
wire to draw about a hundred milliamps of current with no inductive
loading at all! When properly tuned I am getting just about 1 amp into
the antenna with a very simple ground consisting of one length of 12 mm
copper pipe hammered into the soil. Obviously that is the first thing to
be improved. The whole property is surrounded by a wire fence so stage
one will be to connect to the fence. All reports will be gratefully
received while I am experimenting with this antenna. At present I am
rock-bound on 2 frequencies only: 136.61 and 137.33.

First station heard on connecting the antenna at 1320 on 26/11/99 was
OK1FIG at a very readable 559 - he has been an excellent signal all day
today (Saturday). Log of those heard and worked:

Fri 26/11/99
OK1FIG  Hrd 1320        559
G3YXM   Wkd 1800        599/589
G3XTZ   Hrd 1955        589
MM0ALM  Hrd 1955        589
GI3PDN  Hrd 1955        579
GW4ALG  Wkd 2200        589/599
SM6PXJ  Hrd 2230        569 (Lots of QRZ G3..? Thanks for trying
Christer - I'll get you next time!)

Sat 27/11/99
OK1FIG  Hrd 0850        559 
G6RO    Hrd 0855        569
G3KEV   Wkd 1030        589/579
DK8KW   Hrd 0915        549
GI3PDN  Wkd 1037        579/579
G4GVC   Wkd 1538        589/57-89
G6NB    Wkd 1558        579/579
G3AQC   Wkd 1745        579/579

73 Tom/G3OLB
 


From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Christer Andersson" <sm6pxj@swipnet.se>
To: "RSGB LF group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: Antennas and radio propagation litterature
Date: Sun, 28 Nov 1999 16:55:55 +0100
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Have a look at

http://www.buck.com/tm11-666.htm

236 scanned pages.

73
Christer, sm6pxj




From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Date: Sun, 28 Nov 1999 17:58:04 +0100
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: LF: LF activites 27/28 Nov 1999
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From: "bernd grupe" <Bernd.Grupe@t-online.de>
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LF: report 27/28th  Nov 1999 (137 kHz) by DF8ZR (JN49JV)
- T-aerial 10 mtrs high, 600 pF -
- homemade direct-converting-receiver -

 worked G3XDV 
 at 1545utc/271199; gave MMM got MMM; thanks for fb qso Mike
 plots are available on my page:

 http://home.t-online.de/home/Bernd.Grupe/homepage.htm
 click on index 5.1.1.1

 worked DF6NM 
 at 1100utc/281199; both O; the very first VFDKCW-QSO !!!
 Markus was operating the new qrs-mode: easy readable and saving time;
 plots are available on my page: index 5.1.1.4
 
Best 73 de Bernd 

DF8ZR(JN49JV) 
Bernd.Grupe@t-online.de



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Steve Olney" <ollaneg@zeta.org.au>
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Subject: LF: Re: LF activites 27/28 Nov 1999
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G'day Bernd,

> 
>  worked DF6NM 
>  at 1100utc/281199; both O; the very first VFDKCW-QSO !!!
>  Markus was operating the new qrs-mode: easy readable and saving time;
>  plots are available on my page: index 5.1.1.4
>  

Congratulations!!!    How far was the path?   What software did you use?

BTW, please, please, please don't use the term FDK with this mode.  It will
add to the already significant confusion between the two DIFFERENT modes.

I refer to Rik's previous post....

>>My appologies to Steve for 'stealing' his FDK, it was not my intention. I
>>got to term FDK (Frequency Difference Keying) via DF8ZR (see his webpage)
>>and it seemed better suited to me than VCW (Visual CW), as this is a more
>>'general term' that applies to all modes that are 'decoded by eye'.
>>Therefore I suggest the term Dual Frequency CW (DFCW) instead.

73s Steve Olney (VK2ZTO/AXSO - QF56IK : Lat -33 34 07, Long +150 44 40)
=============================================
LowFer URL:
http://www.zeta.org.au/~ollaneg/lowfer.htm
AXSO LF Experimental Station URL:
http://www.zeta.org.au/~ollaneg/axsoextx.htm
LF Receiving - FRG-100, CHA antenna
LF Transmitting - 177.5/177.4kHz 8W - 7.6m vertical or CHA
Modes - AM, SSB, PSK31, SSTV, Hellschreiber, QRSS
and a new experimental mode - FDK.  See this URL for more:
http://www.zeta.org.au/~ollaneg/FDK.htm
=============================================



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Alan Melia" <Alan.Melia@btinternet.com>
To: "rsgb_lf_group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: DX Cluster spots from GB7DXM  27/28Nov
Date: Sun, 28 Nov 1999 22:57:18 -0000
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Hi all, big disappointment not to hear a huge signal from Karlsborg......But
never mind guys, we wish your sick collegue a speedy recovery and we will
wait for next time.
Petr OK1FIG made the weekend, after he struggled out to his mountain retreat
for the last session this year, and put a good signal into the UK for most
of the weekend. I'm sure he must have given several stations a new country
on 136. Hope you worked SM Petr, Christer was around on Saturday.

Saturday 27th Nov.
Regular QRS signals from PA0BWL, G3XDV, and G3XTZ. I was noticing quite big
shifts in stregth with Graham's signal like a 6dB swing (dip)over 3
characters.
I didn't copy Petr when he worked Graham at normal speed, but later when he
worked Mal G3KEV he was a 439 here. Also copied a nice signal from Christer
SM6PXJ as he worked Graham at 1044z. Mike struggled with a frying VDU to
work
Petr OK1FIG on QRS eventually, during this period Petr was easily audible.
I think Petr made a qso with DF8ZR ('M') though I could not see a trace. He
was not seeing ON4ZK as he CQ'd at the same time Gaspard was calling several
times. At this time Petr was 4dB stronger than PA2NJN and only 1dB weaker
than ON4ZK with me. He offered Peter G3LDO a normal speed CW qso at the end
of their QRS contact at 2146z but Peter didn't respond.
Did anyone work the Austrians from the aerial tests? I forgot to listen
there.

Sunday 28th Nov.
Weak QRS call at 0650z on 137.69 not decoded could have been Petr as it was
around the frequency he was using.
QRS cq from Mike G3XDV at 0810z and 0858z the was a weak reply to the second
on Mike's frequency but not decoded (Mike sent ??)
QRS CQs from Petr at 0814z through to 0942z all 'O'
Weak QRS no decode on 137.66 at 0948z (FFTDSP4, not running 'gram at this
time)
Another weak QRS CQ at 1020 turned out to be Petr when I put 'gram on, full
'O' copy again but much weaker than earlier. Reply from DJ5OA (only 'T' here
only copied the DJ5 in bursts of DIY noise). Another weak QRS signal about
10-15Hz lf drifted up into Petr at this stage....I also have a note of a
partial decode of '....8ZR'( probably DF8ZR copied last weekend at better
strength)
but don't think that was the drifter.
I also caught a snatch of G3OLB working MM0ALM later whilst doing something
else. Dave is putting a consistent signal down from Aberdeen now as my
loop direction was not in his favour. I also have a note of what looks like
a
new call to me being worked by John G4GVC, G8PX unfortunately I could not
hear him of see a trace on the screen.

Not much from the Cluster this week....your spot reached me this week Geri.
IK5BQL is one I have not seen spotted before
G3NYK de GB7DXM    28-Nov-1999 2140Z    Type H or ? for help >
   136.5  IK5BQL      27-Nov-1999 1726Z  CQ..CQ.. VLF
<IN3RSV>
   137.2  OK1FIG      27-Nov-1999 0932Z  calling CQ CQ
<DL3FDO>
   137.1  OK1FIG      27-Nov-1999 0931Z  ufb signal in JO52BH
<DK8KW>
G3NYK de GB7DXM   28-Nov 2141Z >
  1800.0  OK1FIG      27-Nov-1999 2205Z  QRSS with G3LDO 137.67kHz
<G3NYK>
  1800.0  DL3FDO      27-Nov-1999 1129Z  136.7 cq
<DL3APO>
G3NYK de GB7DXM   28-Nov 2143Z >
73 de Alan G3NYK  JO02PB
Alan.Melia@btinternet.com





From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Petr Maly" <p.maly@gmc.net>
To: "136 group" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: weekend report
Date: Mon, 29 Nov 1999 09:16:41 +0100
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Hello LowFers

Here are the results of the expedition:

Stations worked:
DJ1ZB, PA0BWL/Visual, G3YXM/Visual, SM6PXJ, OH1TN, OH3LYG,
OZ8NJ, DK8KW, OE5ODL, G4GVC, G3YXM, G3KEV, DF6NM/Visual,
G3XTZ, DK1IS, DJ1ZB, DJ2LF, DF8ZR/Visual, G3XDV/Visual, PA2NJN/Visual,
PA0AWN, MM0ALM, G3LDO/Visual, I5TGC/Visual, DJ5AO/Visual

New firsts on CW:
OK/SM - SM6PXJ, 26.11.1999 2008 UTC
OK/OH - OH1TN, 26.11.1999 2023 UTC
OK/G  - G4GVC, 27.11.1999 0837 UTC
OK/GM - MM0ALM, 27.11.1999 2039 UTC

New personal distance record (CW):
MM0ALM, 1424 km
(surprisingly not OH1TN - he is "only" 1330 km)

If you send QSL's direct, mind, that I moved few years ago! My correct
address is:

Petr Maly
Na Kotli 1169
500 09 Hradec Kralove
Czech Republic

State, whether you want immediate answer or you could wait about one month.
I am just
preparing new QSL cards - special long-wave cards.

73! Petr, OK1FIG





From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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To: ollaneg@zeta.org
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Subject: LF: my first DFCW-QSO with DF6NM
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Hello Steve,
sorry, I wasn't operating the new DFCW-software, but Markus DF6NM did. Just 
before I decided to switch off my equipment, I saw Markus cq-ing in the new 
mode. It was a plaesure to see such strange  but well known patterns on the 
screen. And I could read the stream from the beginning without spelling the dahs 
and dots,hi.With the next over Markus told me a lot of words, more than I could 
reply in the same time of course. But didn't ask him what kind of software was 
in use. When I tried to run the DFCW-beta-version from Rik(ON7YD), I missed the 
startbutton. So I couldn't operate and I'm still waiting for his new design of 
QRS.

You wrote
>BTW, please, please, please don't use the term FDK with this mode.  It will
>add to the already significant confusion between the two DIFFERENT modes.

Ok Steve, You are right! I'll stroke the FDK in the term VFDKCW and will correct 
my webpage. I agree with Rik's DFCW(Dual Frequency CW)so far. But would suggest, 
to put a V at the beginning as an abbrevation for Visual: VDFCW.  Anyway, I like 
that mode and will switch over as soon as possible. 
   
BTW, the path was abt 176 km.
 
vy 73 de Bernd
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DF8ZR, locator: JN49JV
http://home.t-online.de/home/Bernd.Grupe/homepage.htm
 click on index 5.1.1.4  
 



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "Peter Dodd" <g3ldo@zetnet.co.uk>
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During Saturday I reinstalled the 136kHz station in the shed after 
dismantling it for the GB2CPM session the previous weekend. This job 
takes about an hour because all the remote control bits have to be 
reconnected and tested. Found there was a problem with the coax 
feedline from the receiver preselector in the shed to the receiver in 
the house, reducing the signal levels by 35 to 40dB.
Later that evening around 2030 carried on trying to fix the fault. 
Spectrogram was connected to the receiver and I saw two good signals 
in spite of the cable fault. One was ON4ZK and the other ...K1FIG. 
Hmm.... not April the first!

Went down to the shed and QSYed the TX to the QRS band and came back 
to see the mystery callsign was OK1FIG. Gave him a call (while at the 
same time checking the e-mail to see all the excitement I had missed) 
and received an 'O'. After I sent an 'O' I saw the request for a fast 
CW and saw the fast CW on the screen but I could hear nothing on the 
receiver but white noise and an occasional burst of static due to the 
cable fault. It is amazing that Spectrogram can pull these signals 
out of noise like this.
The cable fault is fixed now but:
Lesson - to keep my equipment on the ball to be ready for the unexpected.
Thank you for the QSO Petr


-- 
Regards, Peter, G3LDO

<g3ldo@zetnet.co.uk>







From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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From: "kate moore" <mek@leicester.ac.uk>
To: "lfgroup" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Subject: LF: Weekend report
Date: Mon, 29 Nov 1999 09:23:48 -0000
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Stations worked here during the weekend on 136kHz using normal speed CW:

Friday 26/11
 Antenna down, nothing worked.

Saturday 27/11
 OK1FIG (08.05UT: gave him 559, he gave me 549), GI3PDN (09.57: 57/89,
57/89)
 G3OLB (15.36: 57/89, 589), DJ5DI (16.03: 559, 559), GW4ALG (17.12: 589,
 589), SM6PXJ (18.46: 579, 549).

Sunday 28/11
 G3YMC (08.19: 569, 599QSB), G8PX (09.56: 569, 589).

Non-UK stations heard but not worked:
 OH1TN (579), OH3LYG (559), DK8KW (569), DL3FDO (569), DK9DX (569), PA0AWN
 (569), HB9ASB (579), IK5ZPV (559).

During the strong winds on Friday I dropped the far end of the antenna from
the usual poplar tree and tied it to an apple tree - in order to protect
both
the wire and halyard. This proved most frustrating during the evening, when
I sat listening to OK1FIG working SM6PXJ, OH1TN and OH3LYG, but it was too
dark to re-rig the antenna and call Petr. Consequently, I got up early on
Saturday morning and had it back up to normal height by 07.55UT. As I was
retuning it, OK1FIG appeared, as if by magic, on 137.100kHz calling CQ.

Unfortunately antenna current was down and it took several minutes more to
complete the work - by the time I called Petr, he seemed to have gone. I
waited a short time, then called CQ myself and was immensely pleased to find
Petr calling me as I went over. His signal was very good, absolutely solid
copy, but there was some QSB on the path and it took an (awful!) long time
for him to copy his report at first. Eventually conditions improved and Petr
upgraded my report to 549 as we completed the QSO - his first G using normal
speed CW, and my 17th country 2-way on 136. Thanks Petr.

Conditions remained good all day with pleasantly low static levels and many
stations took advantage of this. Tom, G3OLB, is now putting out a good
signal from his new QTH in Devon, and Christer, SM6PXJ, has added an S-point
to his signal with a new PA. Petr was again a good signal during the evening
peaking RST-569 during a QSO with PA0AWN.

I woke up on Sunday morning to find the wind had returned overnight and had
stretched my antenna, which was sagging noticibly and blowing about in the
still strong gusts. I retuned it to resonance, but decided against taking up
the slack in case it broke in the wind. Just after 08.00UT both OK1FIG (569)
and HB9ASB (579) called CQ with very good signals. As no-one else seemed
about, I gave both a short call, but the antenna match was going haywire as
it ducked and dived, so not surprisingly neither heard me. A contact with
Dave G3YMC confirmed my signal was varying noticibly. An hour later, both
Petr's and Toni's signal had dropped by at least an S-point here as
conditions changed. As the wind continued throughout the day I did very
little transmitting; my signal was obviously under par and it seemed
pointless risking another pair of Mosfets.......


         Regards  John G4GVC near Leicester, IO92JP

    **  TX: Synth + 400W RF from modified 'G3YXM' Mosfet PA           **
    **  RX: TS-850S with 3 x CW filters and 0.5ppm TCXO               **
    **  Ant: Inv-L 60m long, 6m high at feed end, 12m high at far end **



From rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
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Subject: LF: Weekend report 26-28 Nov
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<?color><?param 0100,0100,0100><?fontfamily><?param Times New Roman>Another week, another country - this time thanks to Petr, OK1FIG.<br><br>Friday 26 November <br>Heard MM0ALM (589); G3XTZ (59<?smaller>+10<?bigger>9); OH1TN (549); SM6PXJ  (559). <br>Saw on Spectrogram screen QRSs from G3YXM ('O'); PA3BWL ('O')  and OK1FIG ('M' and country number 17 heard) but he did not reply to  my calls. <br><br>Saturday 27 November <br>Heard PA0LEG (549); OK1FIG (539); MM0ALM (599); G4GVC (599). <br>Spent most of my operating time using QRSs in case OK1FIG heard me. <br>Saw QRSs from PA2NJN <br>Worked on QRSs: DF8ZR (gave 'O' / got 'M') a new one; ON4ZK ('O'/'O')  and OK1FIG ('O'/'M') for country number 15 worked on 136kHz. <br><br>I spent a long time calling OK1FIG without success and, just when the  QSO looked like it was going to happen my computer screen overheated  and went out of synch! I had to get a hair dryer and cool it down to make  the QSO. Thanks, Petr for making the effort t
his weekend. <br><br>Sunday 28 November <br>Heard OK1FIG (539); G4GVC (599); G3YMC (539); G3OLB (579);  G3BDQ (599); G6RO (579); PA0SE (579); HB9ASB (559 - lots of  callers but he could not hear any of them); GI3PDN (579). <br><br>Heard nothing of the OE operation - did anyone hear them? <br><br>Screen shots of DF8ZR, OK1FIG, PA2NJN and ON4ZK can be found on  my web site.<br><br><br><pre>
Mike, G3XDV (IO91VT)
http://www.dennison.demon.co.uk/activity.htm



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From: "Rik Strobbe" <rik.strobbe@fys.kuleuven.ac.be>
Subject: LF: weekend report 26-28 nov. 99
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Nice weather, so a lot of gardenwork to do and only limited time to be
active on 136.

Stations heard 
CW : G4GVC (559), DL3FDO (569), G6RO (539), PA0KDM (569), PA0BWL (569),
PA0LEG (569), G3KEV (579), G3XTZ (559), OK1FIG (559), SM6PXJ (559), PA0AWH
(569), DK9DX (539), PA0MLC (589), DK5PT (549)

VCW : OK1FIG (539), DF8ZR (O), DJ5AO (O), G3XDV (539)

Remarks :
1. Strong QSB on Petr's (OK1FIG) signal up and down between 429 and 559.
Remarkable was that Petr was not audible at all while G3KEV was working him
while at other moments he got poor reports in the UK and was a solid 559
with me.
2. Very good daytime signal from SM6PXJ, but also QSB (539 to 559)

73, Rik  ON7YD


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I just finished the 'upgrade' of my VFO to frequency shift keying. Tonight
(29 november) I will try to do some test transmissions in DFCW (Dual
Frequency CW) between 20 and 21 UT on 137700Hz. Dotlength will be 3
seconds, shift will be 8Hz (highest frequency is 'dash', lowest frequency
is 'dot').
For those who want to look : 'dry-test' have shown that the 'screen-speed'
of GRAM should be set to the double value as you would use for 3 sec. / dot
QRSS.
If dots are too short on the screen it is a bit more difficult to separate
a series of 'dots' or 'dashes'.
Test will be done at low power (250W RF / 70mW ERP).

73, Rik  ON7YD


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Date: Mon, 29 Nov 1999 21:07:39 +0100
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From: "Heinz Schnait" <oe5eep@qsl.net>
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To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: LF: OE Activity Report of November 27
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The 450m wire antenna at OE5ODL, Ossi, is still up! Ossi had already
worked OK1FIG earlier this day. Meanwhile he has added some more radial
wires across the neighboring fields. We have made some antenna current
measurements with a non calibrated ampere meter, which showed a relative
improvement (absolute numbers not known).

At 1445 we went on the air and heared the finals of a QSO between DJ1ZB
and DK6NI. I called DK6NI but he was already gone. DJ1ZB, Ha-Jo, came
back and I also heared G3KEV (rst 539) calling CQ in the background when
DJ1ZB was not transmitting. I gave G3KEV several calls but no success.
At abt. 1455 I heared G4GVC cq-ing (rst 429), also no success. We then
wired up a second power supply in series to increase input voltage of
the final to 27VDC.

At 1630 I started cq-ing and worked DK6NI, Gerhard from Erlangen with
some difficulty (rst 339, he gave us 539). Thanks for your patience
Gerhard! Both G-stations heared before were stronger than DK6NI at the
time of our QSO. At 1645 I heared HB9ASB cq-ing and called him. He came
back to G3KEV and gave him a 579 report. No copy of G3KEV here at this
point of time. At our next cq the output transformer of the final arced
with a spectacular flash and went up in smoke.

In total we were on the air for maybe 2 hours of operating time, but
what excitement it was! I am going to wind a new transformer. I think
that with the increased output power a QSO between OE and G should be
possible. In general it seems that we have better ears than we have
voice. We certainly will have to upgrade our transmitter and we hope to
be on the air the next weekend. At least Ossi will be back as soon as I
get the transmitter fixed. It is a 45min drive from my home to OE5ODL
but I never regret doing the trip.

73 Heinz, OE5EEP
<oe5eep@qsl.net>



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Date: Tue, 30 Nov 1999 10:01:24 -0800
From: "Toni Baertschi" <tonib@phonakcom.ch>
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>>From HB9ASB, JN36pt

Hallo Heinz,
vielen Dank für das "Lebenszeichen" aus Österreich. Bisher habe ich Euch
leider noch nicht hören können. Mein QTH befindet sich in der Westschweiz in
der Nähe von Fribourg (Freiburg) und unser Funkpfad verläuft quer durch den
Alpenriegel. Deshalb dürfte eine Verbindung wohl nur mit Hilfe der Raumwelle
- also während der Nacht - zu schaffen sein.
Equipment: 1200W RF into 18m, top loaded helical vertical. RX: Harris RF590,
250Hz IF, +Timewave Audio DSP-Filter.

hope to hear you soon, 73 de Toni

PS. To all stations calling me: Give a chance to that crocodile! Often I
hear very weak signals after a CQ and it takes some time try all filter and
antenna options and finally figure out a call sign in the noise and QRN. If
I call QRZ it means that I not only see something on the screen but I hear a
signal. Please insist and give me a very, very long call at slow CW speed
(your call only). Don't give up if it doesn't work immediately! I often
listen with a 35 Hz filter and I detect stations which are not exactly on my
frequency only after a certain time, when tuning over the band. As many
stations have Ropex transmitters, I will now listen also on this particular
frequency - but it gets crowded.

>  At 1645 I heared HB9ASB cq-ing and called him. He came
> back to G3KEV and gave him a 579 report.