From: "jrusgrove@comcast.net" <jrusgrove@comcast.net>
To: "rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org" <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
References: <562685198.17267493.1540633557178.ref@mail.yahoo.com>
 <562685198.17267493.1540633557178@mail.yahoo.com>
 <938e5339-670c-f8d1-de7e-f60b2b10f6fb@n1bug.com>
Date: Sat, 27 Oct 2018 07:42:24 -0400
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Subject: Re: Antenna resistance (Re: LF: EbNaut Autodecoder 137490 Hz: EA5DOM
 received)
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Paul

>I am no expert but I guess the trees are partly responsible for the
>high resistance and the drop with freezing temperature?

It's been my 'hypothesis' that as the temperature cools the sap heads toward the roots in stages ... not in one big rush. As the temperature heads toward freezing, sap first leaves the small branches and small leaders heading for thicker parts of the tree. As the temperature further decreases below freezing the sap heads to the trunk ... and finally to the roots when it gets really cold. In short, it would seem the trees have a proportional response to the cold temperatures. At least this would explain antenna resistance observations at this location with changing temperatures. 

Some good info on measuring field strength at: 

http://www.w1tag.com/FSM_RX-ANT.pdf

http://www.w1tag.com/FSM_CAL.pdf

http://www.w1tag.com/FSM_LOCS.pdf

John and I both used identical setups and they worked exceptionally well.

Jay W1VD  WD2XNS  WE2XGR/2


----- Original Message -----
From: N1BUG <paul@n1bug.com>
Reply-To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Sent: 10/27/2018 6:34:57 AM
Subject: Antenna resistance (Re: LF: EbNaut Autodecoder 137490 Hz: EA5DOM received)
________________________________________________________________________________

Hi Luis, Markus, LF

This is a very interesting topic for me too.

My antenna resistance is very high, usually more than 100 ohms. I
think there may be a few reasons. There are trees near the antenna
which I presume to be lossy. My antenna ground system is not tied
into the house ground, in order to minimize 120 Hz sidebands on my
transmitted signal. When I tie the grounds together the level of
these sidebands increases almost 20 dB. Also my RX antenna is more
noisy when the TX antenna ground and house ground are tied together.
I suppose this is because more noise is radiated from the TX
antenna, then picked up by the RX antenna which has its own small,
isolated ground.

Rain has no effect on the antenna resistance, but temperature does.
During summer there is little change, just minor variations. But as
the temperature drops and begins to approach freezing, resistance
begins to get lower. There is a big drop right around freezing or
few degrees below, but resistance continues to drop with even lower
temperatures, reaching minimum on the coldest winter nights. Last
winter I saw it reach 40 ohms a few times. :)

I am no expert but I guess the trees are partly responsible for the
high resistance and the drop with freezing temperature?

Anyway I can run enough power to reach calculated 1W EIRP and it's
enough to be heard across that little pond. :)

But here is a related question: I have calculated my EIRP to be one
watt using the measured resistance, antenna parameters and current.
But does this calculation include all the losses in trees? If I had
the proper equipment to make field strength measurements at a
distance, would I find that my EIRP is less than one watt due to the
tree losses?

73,
Paul N1BUG


On 10/27/18 5:45 AM, Markus Vester wrote:
> Hi Luis,
> 
>> Impedance drops a lot after rain
> 
> This seems unusual. I have exactly the opposite effect here:
> Series resistance at 137 kHz is normally around 20 ohms
> (including 5 ohms for the coil). When it rains it get worse up to
> about 40 ohms, whereas best times are cold and dry winter days
> with ~15 ohms when the trees are solidly frozen. So I presume
> that the major contribution to my resistance are
> capacitively-coupled losses in vegetation and other nearfield
> environment. The ground connection itself (the "house earth"
> which is connected to electric grid PE, and also pipe systems for
> water supply and distict heating) seems to have a low resistance.
> 
> 
> My only explanation for lower wet resistance would be if one were
> using a separate radial system in the garden, whose connection to
> ground might be better when the lawn is soaked. But I don't think
> this applies to your setup at all.
> 
> Best 73, Markus
> 
> Von: VIGILANT Luis Fernández
> 
> I'm struggling
> here with the antenna. Most of the time impedance rises and I
> hardly run 1A RF current
>
> Rainy weekend here.
> Impedance drops a lot after rain. Let's see how much current can
> drainLast time I could see almost 4A RF.