Return-Path: Received: from post.thorcom.com (post.thorcom.com [195.171.43.25]) by mtain-ma06.r1000.mx.aol.com (Internet Inbound) with ESMTP id 5B93338000085; Mon, 11 Jun 2012 17:11:29 -0400 (EDT) Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 4.14) id 1SeBrs-0006nb-Hi for rs_out_1@blacksheep.org; Mon, 11 Jun 2012 22:09:44 +0100 Received: from [195.171.43.32] (helo=relay1.thorcom.net) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 4.14) id 1SeBrr-0006nS-82 for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 11 Jun 2012 22:09:43 +0100 Received: from nm23-vm7.bullet.mail.ird.yahoo.com ([212.82.109.236]) by relay1.thorcom.net with smtp (Exim 4.77) (envelope-from ) id 1SeBrh-00050z-QM for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 11 Jun 2012 22:09:42 +0100 Received: from [77.238.189.55] by nm23.bullet.mail.ird.yahoo.com with NNFMP; 11 Jun 2012 21:09:31 -0000 Received: from [212.82.108.227] by tm8.bullet.mail.ird.yahoo.com with NNFMP; 11 Jun 2012 21:09:31 -0000 Received: from [127.0.0.1] by omp1004.bt.mail.ird.yahoo.com with NNFMP; 11 Jun 2012 21:09:31 -0000 X-Yahoo-Newman-Id: 681373.39015.bm@omp1004.bt.mail.ird.yahoo.com Received: (qmail 39191 invoked from network); 11 Jun 2012 21:09:31 -0000 DomainKey-Signature: a=rsa-sha1; q=dns; c=nofws; s=s1024; d=btinternet.com; h=DKIM-Signature:X-Yahoo-Newman-Property:X-YMail-OSG:X-Yahoo-SMTP:Received:From:To:References:Subject:Date:Message-ID:MIME-Version:Content-Type:X-Mailer:In-Reply-To:Thread-Index:X-MimeOLE; b=vlupXLB4byBiybcklduC03RVsj+bH6VCkNF4kwimZeNOkKeuEksNeg5LOIv6k4mQm3xbwJInIsn9fMdaNqitUsPao24LJCQ80kyzTPc/UWhG5XqOhBqbzXd5luvSSUiZDRamRxdT8DH5j8ET3JpkV4JUqVgCklUSkXBkuyny02I= ; DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=btinternet.com; s=s1024; t=1339448971; bh=E7ebC3TaeotGku5gHJ6vJBnzyWvbxB5fn+V+CLkuQBE=; h=X-Yahoo-Newman-Property:X-YMail-OSG:X-Yahoo-SMTP:Received:From:To:References:Subject:Date:Message-ID:MIME-Version:Content-Type:X-Mailer:In-Reply-To:Thread-Index:X-MimeOLE; b=wRo/SexzR4ljaAmO2reXXmGPvTqET9ClICmblXyrToe+bTO34DGpNTWixwAwH03Ffrg8q0W+IirgPWbGfTGmQZlEQvm66H1y0pTDgvsZycv+jpSlzRkJp0oyHQJXgu3XwAZC0EyFnTOJp+FixirXvW/luqfkgHO8QxGGaAE0XjM= X-Yahoo-Newman-Property: ymail-3 X-YMail-OSG: _wQDfGoVM1lqYzu2RHKAMAnhcwKuWp36oQwJE5O9defsMsg oiqPBmBrTtippI7xrM9raf69JbBhr952O6pEPV26_2FpT0Dq0QnY3lOWVgzI xnJ5_2BC2r8HuztNlSfH8GMM1c1IOBFao5XkGtwjfSqyjWPFJcl3aPaw8xyi u7n7i3i4yC_20qwkCT4PErpj85Fc9FcATB4VkpgrCv8Fnim36GP9FUvdnLm3 AyLsU75nb2eRpghTZPqy2.22u5G1QAlDzLx7N4mr_IA.Fw.OVCdu1I21cM_a QMMvDNjeNC_wnH0gYZ5TSmnE3o9IyuFwpGXRcAgaIScSVRMcVJOZIFr4G6H2 7Chy50IouDnzilefn0jDoooEG2kZs6yKrjoX8pa2cd5OraUE7qqorped35EB rZpTQp3PwIm03hliiTUUKcB56zsTGWqJtvsVz6302ojtpl6kDaueahiOdAFq LhTlHswqTDP6bGjwiwxWoRuOVFoxHQL.RUIbSQBQWXwFK1pxUFlhhuEjOLxa aaeK7j_77svx6FdJtW8B4zu7HBSLs_rD.HpqchGexgRY_QE2CoT2jgxjvGcj J_X06iwcRH.3yvj4y03luPV28zeGcR1DGPzEtaGLDYea.FiO4dxxYlW1fyLx sSnAl15l4BlU4Rl4.CtU6hXHt3bn4cpVJAyKqyrnzYRROUkEiTQggIzev0wI gnsoD4TE7dkVDKVjWUvji33fUwXsjGA-- X-Yahoo-SMTP: 9Y6mUHuswBAgnrOsukIiNdFDf95uy_Dz34nY1hlg2liKgYD952sjbg-- Received: from lindavideo (ken.h.wright@86.173.47.194 with login) by smtp817.mail.ird.yahoo.com with SMTP; 11 Jun 2012 21:09:31 +0000 GMT From: "Ken" To: References: <1339438549.67345.YahooMailNeo@web171605.mail.ir2.yahoo.com> Date: Mon, 11 Jun 2012 22:09:29 +0100 Message-ID: <85F124CBD59C48FEB97567F3B69B2AC1@lindavideo> MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Mailer: Microsoft Office Outlook 11 In-Reply-To: <1339438549.67345.YahooMailNeo@web171605.mail.ir2.yahoo.com> Thread-Index: Ac1H/oV2i2xgB10XT2ejxDesHLhCQwAFkdwQ X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.6157 X-Spam-Score: 0.0 (/) X-Spam-Report: Spam detection software, running on the system "relay1.thorcom.net", has identified this incoming email as possible spam. The original message has been attached to this so you can view it (if it isn't spam) or label similar future email. If you have any questions, see the administrator of that system for details. Content preview: Hi Pete. About 40 years ago my integration was quite good, liked doing 2nd order differential equations, partial integration and integration by parts, the one thing I had big problems with was 3 dimensional integration of a point in free space . Looking at some of the sites my Class C MOSFET PA is probably more like Class E by default. The reason I like valves is because they are very forgiving devices unlike semiconductors, also the keep the shack and the cat warm. [...] Content analysis details: (0.0 points, 5.0 required) pts rule name description ---- ---------------------- -------------------------------------------------- -0.0 RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE RBL: Sender listed at http://www.dnswl.org/, no trust [212.82.109.236 listed in list.dnswl.org] 0.0 UNPARSEABLE_RELAY Informational: message has unparseable relay lines 0.0 HTML_MESSAGE BODY: HTML included in message 0.0 T_DKIM_INVALID DKIM-Signature header exists but is not valid X-Scan-Signature: 8ff58773d0c146c762104379ddf38dc0 Subject: LF: RE: Class E etc Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0021_01CD481E.DFCC2850" X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.63 (2004-01-11) on post.thorcom.com X-Spam-Level: X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.2 required=5.0 tests=HTML_60_70, HTML_FONTCOLOR_UNKNOWN,HTML_MESSAGE autolearn=no version=2.63 X-SA-Exim-Scanned: Yes Sender: owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group X-SA-Exim-Rcpt-To: rs_out_1@blacksheep.org X-SA-Exim-Scanned: No; SAEximRunCond expanded to false x-aol-global-disposition: G X-AOL-SCOLL-SCORE: 1:2:494863616:93952408 X-AOL-SCOLL-URL_COUNT: 1 X-AOL-SCOLL-AUTHENTICATION: mail_rly_antispam_dkim-d223.1 ; domain : btinternet.com DKIM : fail x-aol-sid: 3039ac1d600e4fd65f0107a6 X-AOL-IP: 195.171.43.25 X-AOL-SPF: domain : blacksheep.org SPF : none This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_0021_01CD481E.DFCC2850 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Hi Pete. About 40 years ago my integration was quite good, liked doing 2nd order differential equations, partial integration and integration by parts, the one thing I had big problems with was 3 dimensional integration of a point in free space . Looking at some of the sites my Class C MOSFET PA is probably more like Class E by default. The reason I like valves is because they are very forgiving devices unlike semiconductors, also the keep the shack and the cat warm. 73s Ken M0KHW _____ From: owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org [mailto:owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org] On Behalf Of M0FMT Sent: 11 June 2012 19:16 To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Subject: LF: Class E etc Hi Ken Ha ha Stefan, how good is your Integration Ken? Here are a couple of sites that should answer your questions. You need a good dummy load and a good oscilloscope. Setting the conditions for the amplifier is to do with A/ the correct driver preferably using a FET drive chip (like TC4422 non and TC4421 inverting) that will turn the FET fully on and fully off on each cycle. Very fast rise time with accurate on off timing (mark / space). Ensuring the max permitted gate voltage for the FET is not exceeded otherwise they pop, look out for transients, a diode clamp helps. B/ Setting the shunt capacitance and inductance in the drain circuit can be done empirically See article below. Then follow it with a low pass filter, although the output wave will be surprisingly clean. Calculating the values is difficult as you don't necessarily know all the starting parameters and in any case the result is going to wide of the mark. The site below will gives some starting values. Best to use 'Scope measurements to set the output conditions. You are looking for fast, very fast On / Off rise times. Gate drive and understanding the drain circuit is the key. These amplifiers are capable of incredibly good efficiency well above a dodgy class C amp. This means the heat dissipation from the FET is very low at high power giving cool heat-sinks! The GW3UEP (do a web search) single ended design is capable good efficiency and high power depending upon the FET used and Drain supply voltage. I have modified one to run reliably at 140watts and is capable of almost twice that into a dummy load with a heat sink that is fairly cool. Adjusting L and C empirically using the 'scope to get the correct drain wave shape for max efficiency is the way to go. The article below shows you what you are looking for. I set my TX up into a 50 Ohm dummy load adjusting L and C to get the correct drain wave shape on the 'scope then measuring the peak voltage across the Dummy load. I then transfer my connector from the Dummy load to the input of the tuned transformer in the antenna up-lead. I adjust the coupling link to give the same peak voltage across the tuner link turns. You are not looking for maximum peak just the sames as across the dummy load indicating a 50ohm match. This is done by either adding or reducing the number of turns (about two turns) along with bringing the the transformer to resonance by measuring the peak up-lead current, here you are looking for the maximum peak. Oh yes and WIMA high voltage high value capacitors from Maplin work well. Read the articles and search info on class E amplifiers. For some bed time reading but ignor the math look at the Tuning Procedure and the pictures at the end which tell it all really..... http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~culler/AIIT/papers/radio/Sokal%20AACD5-poweramps .pdf For design ideas http://www.classeradio.com/ For a good practical circuit for a single ended amp that is a scalable surefire design, no need to reinvent the wheel. http://www.gw3uep.ukfsn.org/ For antennas and antenna feed methods a "look no where else site" http://www.strobbe.eu/on7yd/136ant/ 73 es GL Pete M0FMT IO91UX ------=_NextPart_000_0021_01CD481E.DFCC2850 Content-Type: text/html; charset="US-ASCII" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Hi = Pete.

About 40 years ago my integration = was quite good, liked doing 2nd order differential equations, = partial integration and integration by parts, the one thing I had big problems = with was 3 dimensional integration of a point in free space .   Looking = at some of the sites my Class C MOSFET PA is probably more like Class E by = default. The reason I like valves is because they are very forgiving devices = unlike semiconductors, also the keep the shack and the cat = warm.

 

73s

 

Ken

 

M0KHW

 

From: = owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org [mailto:owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org] On Behalf Of M0FMT
Sent: 11 June 2012 = 19:16
To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Subject: LF: Class E = etc

 

 

Hi Ken

 

Ha ha Stefan, how good = is your Integration Ken?

 

Here are a couple of sites that should answer your questions. You need a good = dummy load and a good oscilloscope. Setting the conditions for the amplifier = is to do with  A/ the correct driver preferably using a FET drive chip (like = TC4422 non and TC4421 inverting) that will turn the FET fully on and fully = off on each cycle. Very fast rise time with accurate on off timing (mark / space). Ensuring the max permitted gate voltage for the FET is = not exceeded otherwise they pop, look out for transients, a diode clamp helps.  B/ Setting the shunt capacitance and inductance in the drain circuit can be done empirically See article below. Then follow it with a low pass filter, although = the output wave will be surprisingly clean. Calculating the values is difficult as you don't necessarily = know all the starting parameters and in any case the result = is going to wide of the mark. The site below will gives some starting values. = Best to use 'Scope measurements to set the output conditions. You are looking for fast, very fast On / Off = rise times. Gate drive and understanding the drain circuit is the = key.

These amplifiers are capable of incredibly good efficiency well above a dodgy = class C amp. This means the heat dissipation from the FET is very low at high power giving cool heat-sinks= !

 

The GW3UEP (do a web search) single ended design is capable good efficiency and high power depending upon the FET used and Drain supply voltage. I have modified one to run reliably at 140watts and is capable of almost twice = that into a dummy load with a heat sink that is fairly cool. Adjusting L and = C empirically using the 'scope to get the correct drain wave shape for max efficiency is the = way to go. The article below shows you what you are looking for. I set my TX up = into a 50 Ohm dummy load adjusting L and C to get the correct drain wave shape = on the 'scope then measuring the peak voltage across the Dummy load. I = then transfer my connector from the Dummy load to the input of the tuned transformer in the antenna up-lead. = I adjust the coupling link to give the same peak voltage across the tuner = link turns. You are not looking for maximum peak just the sames as across the = dummy load indicating a 50ohm match. This is done by either adding = or reducing the number of turns (about two turns) along with bringing = the the transformer to resonance by measuring the peak up-lead = current, here you are looking for the maximum = peak.  

 

Oh yes and WIMA high voltage high value capacitors from Maplin work = well.

 

Read the articles and search info on class E = amplifiers. 

 

 

For some bed time reading but ignor the math look at the Tuning Procedure = and the pictures at the end which tell it all really..... http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~culler/AIIT/papers/radio/Sok= al%20AACD5-poweramps.pdf

 

For design ideas

 

For a good practical circuit for a single ended amp that  is a = scalable = surefire design, no need to reinvent the = wheel.

 

For antennas and antenna feed methods a "look no where else site" =

 

73 es GL Pete M0FMT IO91UX

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