Return-Path: Received: from mtain-dd07.r1000.mx.aol.com (mtain-dd07.r1000.mx.aol.com [172.29.64.147]) by air-di04.mail.aol.com (v127_r1.1) with ESMTP id MAILINDI041-eac24b7ff486df; Sat, 20 Feb 2010 09:41:10 -0500 Received: from post.thorcom.com (post.thorcom.com [193.82.116.20]) by mtain-dd07.r1000.mx.aol.com (Internet Inbound) with ESMTP id 313A138000096; Sat, 20 Feb 2010 09:41:09 -0500 (EST) Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 4.14) id 1NiqUY-0002Dm-6j for rs_out_1@blacksheep.org; Sat, 20 Feb 2010 14:39:34 +0000 Received: from [193.82.116.32] (helo=relay1.thorcom.net) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 4.14) id 1NiqUX-0002Dd-Cp for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sat, 20 Feb 2010 14:39:33 +0000 Received: from imr-da02.mx.aol.com ([205.188.105.144]) by relay1.thorcom.net with esmtp (Exim 4.63) (envelope-from ) id 1NiqUU-00087u-Jv for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Sat, 20 Feb 2010 14:39:33 +0000 Received: from mtaout-ma01.r1000.mx.aol.com (mtaout-ma01.r1000.mx.aol.com [172.29.41.1]) by imr-da02.mx.aol.com (8.14.1/8.14.1) with ESMTP id o1KEdELx015061; Sat, 20 Feb 2010 09:39:14 -0500 Received: from White (e179127105.adsl.alicedsl.de [85.179.127.105]) by mtaout-ma01.r1000.mx.aol.com (WebSuites/MUA Thirdparty client Interface) with ESMTPA id DA292E0000B2; Sat, 20 Feb 2010 09:39:10 -0500 (EST) Message-ID: <68EFAA7E30A14EB2A10857D6E05CD822@White> From: "Markus Vester" To: Cc: "Peter Martinez" References: <91FFB5D65F3547FFA086D396DBFAEFA7@White> <55A21536-8446-4BA1-82E6-0E42D39033D6@leeds.ac.uk> Date: Sat, 20 Feb 2010 15:39:08 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Importance: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Windows Live Mail 12.0.1606 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V12.0.1606 x-aol-global-disposition: G X-AOL-VSS-INFO: 5400.1158/55283 X-AOL-VSS-CODE: clean x-aol-sid: 3039ac1d29014b7ff40e629d X-Spam-Score: 0.0 (/) X-Spam-Report: autolearn=disabled,HTML_MESSAGE=0.001 Subject: Re: LF: Loran A and C Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0007_01CAB242.D7921060" X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.63 (2004-01-11) on post.thorcom.com X-Spam-Level: X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.6 required=5.0 tests=HTML_20_30,HTML_MESSAGE, MISSING_OUTLOOK_NAME autolearn=no version=2.63 X-SA-Exim-Scanned: Yes Sender: owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group X-SA-Exim-Rcpt-To: rs_out_1@blacksheep.org X-SA-Exim-Scanned: No; SAEximRunCond expanded to false x-aol-global-disposition: G X-AOL-VSS-INFO: 5400.1158/55283 X-AOL-VSS-CODE: clean x-aol-sid: 3039ac1d40934b7ff4852359 X-AOL-IP: 193.82.116.20 ------=_NextPart_000_0007_01CAB242.D7921060 Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----=_NextPart_001_0008_01CAB242.D7921060" ------=_NextPart_001_0008_01CAB242.D7921060 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Dear Chris, Laurence, LF, I have tried to look at the Alaska pulsegroups in more detail. On http= ://www.alice-dsl.net/df6nm/LoranView/LORANALASKA_5990.jpg (183 kB) the= re is a graphical "SSTV-type" plot of Laurence's complete wav, with 11= .10 kHz sampling and "line rate" set to 59.90 ms. The appended clip sh= ows the area of the first crossover. The four different GRI 5990 pulsegroups can be seen as a vertical set= of lines from top to bottom. GRI 5980 advances 100 us to the left in= each row, with the first two of eight pulses blinked on only for abou= t 10% of the time. I think the selective fading effect described by Chris can be understo= od by the varying delay during the pulsegroup overlap period. Whenever= the pulses coincide, they will add up coherently, depending on the ph= ase of the RF path and the phasecoding state. About five GRI periods= (0.3 s) later they will be separated 500us, with minimum 1 kHz and ma= ximum 2 kHz content, and no dependence on RF phase. Looking in detail at the first time of coincidence (yellow arrow), you= can see that alternating "knots" appear brighter and darker. This ind= icates that we are experiencing the superposition of an "A" and a "B"= type phasecoded pulsegroup, with the relative phases alternating for= subsequent pulses. The second coincidence near the end of the file ha= s equal phasecode states (A-A and B-B) in both rates, and all knots ar= e equally bright. This may also be contributing to the more pronounced= phasing sound on this one. Another interesting detail unrelated to the phasing is that some of th= e 5990 pulses from Shoal Cove appear to be missing. Plotting it agains= t its former other rate 7960 revealed that the alternate blanking sche= me (ie. omitting a pulse for one rate when one has to be transmitted= for the other at the same time) is still active, even though the actu= al transmittission for the second rate has been turned off on Feb 8th. Last not least there are many single pulses "floating around". These= are occuring approximately every 8.33 ms, most likely an artifact fro= m a 60 Hz switching power supply. Kind regards, MArkus From: Chris Trayner=20 Sent: Saturday, February 20, 2010 12:21 PM To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org=20 Subject: Re: LF: Loran A and C Dear Markus, Lawrence and others, Thanks for your interesting comments on this theme. > The slow phasing effect is caused by pulsegroups of these very simil= ar rates, walking through one another in time. I think I can hear two effects which might be described as phasing. One is due to the different GRIs (Group Repetition Intervals, i.e. pul= se group rates) which Markus describes. This appears a a change in the= chittering sound. When the groups coincide you hear it as "chit chi= t chit" and the pulsiness is more pronounced: you can hear this abou= t 1/5 to 1/4 of the way through the recording. When they fit in each= others' gaps you hear "chitchitchit" and the sound seems smoother: yo= u can hear this just before half way through the recording. The other effect is a change in the relative strengths of higher and= lower audio frequencies. You can hear this from about 4/5 of the way= through to nearly the end, where the sound cycles between treble and= bass. Presumably this is cancellation in some part of the 90-110 kHz= spectrum, though the treble will be represented by both the parts jus= t above 90kHz and those just below 110 kHz, so presumably it is subtle= r than that*. Maybe this is caused by frequency-selective fading, pres= umably what Lawrence described as the "musical sounds they made as sky= waves did their thing". Could someone more knowledgable than me comme= nt on that? * Unless Lawrence was demodulating as SSB, in which case he would see= only one half of the spectrum. For those who have deleted the original message, the recording is at > http://kl1x.com/loranalaska.wav 73, Chris G4OKW ----------------------- Dr Chris Trayner School of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom Tel: +44 113 34 32053 Fax: +44 113 34 32032 ------=_NextPart_001_0008_01CAB242.D7921060 Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Dear Chris, Laurence, LF,
 
 
The four different GRI 5990 pulsegrou= ps can be seen=20 as a vertical set of lines from top to bottom. GRI 5980 advances= 100 us to=20 the left in each row, with the first two of eight pulses blinked on=20 only for about 10% of the time.
 
I think the selective fading effect= described by=20 Chris can be understood by the varying delay during the pulsegroup ove= rlap=20 period. Whenever the pulses coincide, they will add up coherently= ,=20 depending on the phase of the RF path and the phasecoding state. About= five GRI=20 periods (0.3 s) later they will be separated 500us, with&nbs= p;minimum=20 1 kHz and maximum 2 kHz content, and no dependence on RF phase.=
 
Looking in detail at the first= time of=20 coincidence (yellow arrow), you can see that alternating "knots" appea= r brighter=20 and darker. This indicates that we are experiencing the=20 superposition of an "A" and a "B" type phasecoded pulsegroup= , with the=20 relative phases alternating for subsequent pulses. The second coi= ncidence=20 near the end of the file has equal phasecode states (A-A and B-B)= in both=20 rates, and all knots are equally bright. This may also be contrib= uting=20 to the more pronounced phasing sound on this one.
 
Another interesting detail unrelated= to the phasing=20 is that some of the 5990 pulses from Shoal Cove appear to be miss= ing.=20 Plotting it against its former other rate 7960 revealed= that the=20 alternate blanking scheme (ie. omitting a pulse for one rate when = ;one has=20 to be transmitted for the other at the same time) is still active, eve= n though=20 the actual transmittission for the second rate has been turned of= f on Feb=20 8th.
 
Last not least there are many si= ngle pulses=20 "floating around". These are occuring approximately every 8.33=20 ms, most likely an artifact from a 60 Hz switching power=20 supply.
 
Kind regards,
MArkus
 

Sent: Saturday, February 20, 2010 12:21 PM
Subject: Re: LF: Loran A and C
=
Dear Markus,=20 Lawrence and others,


Thanks for your interesting comments= on this=20 theme.

> The slow phasing effect is caused by pulsegroups of= these=20 very similar rates, walking through one another in time.

I thin= k I can=20 hear two effects which might be described as phasing.

One is du= e to the=20 different GRIs (Group Repetition Intervals, i.e. pulse group rates) wh= ich Markus=20 describes. This appears a a change in the chittering sound. When the= groups=20 coincide you hear it as "chit   chit   chit" and= the=20 pulsiness is more pronounced: you can hear this about 1/5 to 1/4 of th= e way=20 through the recording. When they fit in each others' gaps you hear=20 "chitchitchit" and the sound seems smoother: you can hear this just be= fore half=20 way through the recording.

The other effect is a change in the= relative=20 strengths of higher and lower audio frequencies. You can hear this fro= m about=20 4/5 of the way through to nearly the end, where the sound cycles betwe= en treble=20 and bass. Presumably this is cancellation in some part of the 90-110= kHz=20 spectrum, though the treble will be represented by both the parts just= above=20 90kHz and those just below 110 kHz, so presumably it is subtler than= that*.=20 Maybe this is caused by frequency-selective fading, presumably what La= wrence=20 described as the "musical sounds they made as sky waves did their thin= g". Could=20 someone more knowledgable than me comment on that?

* Unless Law= rence was=20 demodulating as SSB, in which case he would see only one half of the= =20 spectrum.


For those who have deleted the original message,= the=20 recording is at
> = http://kl1x.com/loranalaska.wav


73,
Chris=20 G4OKW

-----------------------
Dr Chris Trayner
School of= Electronic=20 & Electrical Engineering,
The University of Leeds,
Leeds LS2= 9JT,=20 United Kingdom
Tel: +44 113 34 32053
Fax: +44 113 34=20 32032


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