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Message-ID: <CB9D72F3FE604ED5A8F118B6877E0DE9@JimPC>
From: "James Moritz" <james.moritz@btopenworld.com>
To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
Date: Sun, 11 Sep 2011 14:16:22 +0100
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Subject: LF: Wider-band ferrite rod antenna
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Dear LF Group,

The 137kHz ferrite rod RX antenna I have been experimenting with in the last 
few weeks has proved to have more than adequate sensitivity, but the narrow 
<1kHz bandwidth is a problem. It is necessary to re-tune when changing 
frequencies within the band, also the power-supply type ferrite used seems 
to have a high temperature coefficient, which causes considerable centre 
frequency drift with changes in ambient temperature. Since it is usually 
desireable to have the antenna some distance from the receiver, and remote 
tuning is a nuisance, a wider bandwidth of about 5kHz would be useful.

The bandwidth could be increased by adding a damping resistor to reduce the 
rod antenna Q , but unfortunately this also reduces the SNR. Approximately, 
the signal voltage is proportional to the Q, but the thermal noise voltage 
produced by the loss resistance is proportional to sqrt(Q), so the signal 
level decreases more quickly than the noise level as the Q is reduced. For 
my rod, the desired bandwidth increase would result in about 7dB increase in 
noise floor, which would be marginal. What is needed is a loading resistor 
with reduced thermal noise (and without the need for a liquid helium 
supply...). As DF6NM suggested, one way to do that is to use a  preamplifier 
with a feedback network that defines its input resistance to provide the 
loading.

The preamp circuit in the attachment achieves this by using a shunt feedback 
resistor around an amplifier with a well-defined inverting voltage gain to 
provide the load resistance. The equivalent input resistance is R(shunt) / 
(1-A); in this case gain A is -10 and R(shunt) is 100kohms, giving Rin about 
9k. However, the noise voltage at the input caused by R(shunt) is also 
reduced by about 1/(1-A), and is about 10dB less than if a 9k resistor was 
connected directly across the input. The same principle is used in the 
lower-noise types of "modamp" gain block ICs, and also in my "bandpass loop" 
50ohm preamp - it gives quite a big reduction in resistor noise provided 
voltage gain >>1.

Compared to the original ferrite rod antenna circuit, the result is that the 
bandwidth is now increased to about 5kHz, and a preset tuning adjustment is 
adequate. The output level is a few dB higher than the original unity gain 
buffer circuit. The internal noise level of the rod + preamp combination is 
increased by a few dB, but is still well below the external band noise, even 
with the quiet band conditions existing yesterday morning. So the idea 
certainly works. Some circuit improvements are possible though, I think, 
i.e. reduce the current consumption for /P operation, the gain is currently 
too high for a sensitive receiver, etc. The basic idea is quite adaptable to 
different gain, impedance levels, frequency and so on.

Cheers, Jim Moritz
73 de M0BMU 

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