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Content preview:         Hi ELF,    Do KV’s of ELF on a TX antenna offset ordivert a tiny amount of atmospheric current entering the RX antenna?  Supposethe atmosphere has equipotential surface(s) high i [...] Content analysis details: (0.0 points, 5.0 required) pts rule name description ---- ---------------------- -------------------------------------------------- -0.0 RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE RBL: Sender listed at http://www.dnswl.org/, no trust [74.6.134.41 listed in list.dnswl.org] -0.0 SPF_PASS SPF: sender matches SPF record 0.0 FREEMAIL_FROM Sender email is commonly abused enduser mail provider (mrsocion[at]aol.com) 0.0 HTML_OBFUSCATE_05_10 BODY: Message is 5% to 10% HTML obfuscation 0.0 HTML_MESSAGE BODY: HTML included in message X-Scan-Signature: ce481d129b1a7277ee248e941d6e5100 Subject: LF: =?UTF-8?Q?Re_ELF=E2=80=A612.67Hz,__ELF_Resistance_Model?= Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----=_Part_5749061_759930035.1552683874513" X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.63 (2004-01-11) on post.thorcom.com X-Spam-Level: ** X-Spam-Status: No, hits=3.0 required=5.0 tests=FORGED_MUA_MOZILLA,HTML_50_60, HTML_FONTCOLOR_UNKNOWN,HTML_MESSAGE autolearn=no version=2.63 X-SA-Exim-Scanned: Yes Sender: owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group X-SA-Exim-Rcpt-To: rs_out_1@blacksheep.org X-SA-Exim-Scanned: No; SAEximRunCond expanded to false ------=_Part_5749061_759930035.1552683874513 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 Hi ELF,=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 Do KV= =E2=80=99s of ELF on a TX antenna offset ordivert a tiny amount of atmosphe= ric current entering the RX antenna?=C2=A0 Supposethe atmosphere has equipo= tential surface(s)=C2=A0high in a an electrically resistiveair=C2=A0mass in= which the ELF TX and RX=C2=A0antennas are embedded at groundlevel.=C2=A0= =C2=A0 If so, what happensquantitatively?=C2=A0=20 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0I=E2=80=99m trying out different= math models todescribe the atmosphere around the DK7FC 12.67Hz site to see= if any model mightbe supported by actual numbers and performance Stefan ma= y develop. =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0Call one an =E2=80=9CELF Resista= nce Model=E2=80=9D as if theatmosphere has some fixed resistance R1 coming = down from an equipotential planeat altitude.=C2=A0 In the model, R1 connect= sto a disk of air represented by a large number N of parallel resistances R= sky going down to earth. Eachsuch parallel resistance represents =C2=A0ther= esistance of a vertical column of air having cross-sectional area proportio= nal to antenna height-squared =C2=A0A =3D=C2=A0Co hAnt2. =C2=A0Currents in = the parallel resistances Rsky compete with each otherto divide up the curre= nt coming down from the equipotential plane high above. =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0The TX antenna=C2=A0and RX anten= na have equal height hAnt. =C2=A0If the antennas instead have a top hat are= a A that is bigger than hAnt2 , then areaA is whichever top hat mesh area o= rsquare of top hat wire length applies. =C2=A0(Thehorizontal length of an i= nverted-L is considered its top hat wire length.) =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0Picture the disk of air several = kilometersradius with DK7FC 12.67Hz TX antenna at its center and RX antenna= at a distancer metersaway, say at 3500m or you name it. =C2=A0=C2=A0TheTX = antenna delivers many KV of 12.67Hz ELF voltage to just one of theresistanc= es Rsky. =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 After the math is done,the resul= ts say that the voltage on the RX antenna declines slowly at shorterdistanc= es and then declines as an inverse-square (1/r^2) farther away.=C2=A0 That= =E2=80=99sa lot less favorable than a radio antenna.=C2=A0In a radio antenn= a the voltage merely declines inversely (1/r).=C2=A0Signal strength dB in t= his ELF model would fall as=C2=A0 -40 log10 r at the fartherdistances, whic= h is -12dB for every doubling of distance.=C2=A0 Ouch!=20 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 If Stefan were able to setup a second = identical RX antenna and RX-integrator setup at a second distance r2 and co= mpare itsperformance with his setup at current distance r1, the model allow= s one to calculate the value of a constantK that the model needs to predict= signal strength at any distance r.=C2=A0 =C2=A0Basically, this constant K l= umps together sky resistances with the antenna-based area A.=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 Specifically, the modelformula for antenna v= oltage at any distance r says: =C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 VRX(r) =3D VRX(r1)=C2=A0 (K+r12) / (K+= r2). =C2=A0 In dB, a model formula recognizes power ratio V-squared and theinverse-squa= red distance: =C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0VRX(r)/ VRX(r1) in dB =3D -40 lo= g10[ (r / r1)sqrt[(1+K/r2)/(1+K/r12)] ]. =C2=A0 Constant K is defined to be (1/=CF=80) (Rsky/R1) A.=20 Constant K is calculated from receptionvoltages (volts, not dB) at two RX s= tations using equal integration times,according to this calculation: =C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 K =3D [VRX2 r22 - =C2=A0VR= X1 r12] / [VRX1- =C2=A0VRX2].=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=20 =C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 I hope the equationformats haven= =E2=80=99t been too badly mangled by the email and the LF reflector!=C2=A0= =C2=A0=C2=A0 I=E2=80=99m also considering a disk-shaped lossyRLC transmissi= on-line model of the ELF atmosphere, which probably would predictdifferent = behavior.=C2=A0=C2=A0 Maybe someday,amateur work can tell us which model(s)= are garbage or useful material for advancing=C2=A0hamELF aspirations.=C2= =A0=20 GL & 73, Jim H=C2=A0=C2=A0 W5EST ------=_Part_5749061_759930035.1552683874513 Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
        <= /span>Hi ELF,    D= o KV=E2=80=99s of ELF on a TX antenna offset or divert a tiny amount of atmospheric current entering the RX antenna?  = Suppose the atmosphere has equipotential surface(s) high in a an electrically = resistive air mass in which the ELF TX and RX antennas are embedded at grou= nd level.   If so, what ha= ppens quantitatively? 
        I=E2=80=99m trying out different math= models to describe the atmosphere around the DK7FC 12.67Hz site to see if any model m= ight be supported by actual numbers and performance Stefan may develop.
        Call one an =E2=80=9CELF Resistance M= odel=E2=80=9D as if the atmosphere has some fixed resistance R1 coming down from an equipotential p= lane at altitude.  In the model, = R1 connects to a disk of air represented by a large number N of parallel resistances Rsky going down to = earth. Each such parallel resistance represents &nbs= p;the resistance of a vertical column of air having cross-sectional area proporti= onal to antenna height-squared  A =3D Co hAnt2.  Currents in the parallel resistances Rsky compete with each other to divide up the current coming down from the equipotential plane high abov= e.
        The TX antenna and RX antenna ha= ve equal height hAnt<= /b>.  If the antennas instea= d have a top hat area A that= is bigger than hAnt<= sup>2 , then area A is whichever top hat mesh = area or square of top hat wire length applies. &= nbsp;(The horizontal length of an inverted-L is considered its top hat wire length.)<= o:p>
        Picture the disk of air several kilom= eters radius with DK7FC 12.67Hz TX antenna at its center and RX antenna at a dist= ance r meters away, say at 3500m or you name it.  = ; The TX antenna delivers many KV of 12.67Hz ELF voltage to just one of the resistances Rsky.=
        Afte= r the math is done, the results say that the voltage on the RX antenna declines slowly at short= er distances and then declines as an inverse-square (1/r^2) farther away.1/r).  Signal strength dB in this ELF model would fall as  -40 log10 r at the farther distances, which is -12dB for every doubling of distance.  Ouch!
       If Stefan = were able to set up a second identical RX antenna and RX-integrator setup at a second distan= ce r2 and compare= its performance with his setup at current distance r1, the model allows one to calculate the val= ue of a constant K that the model needs to pr= edict signal strength at any distance = r.   Basically, this constant K lumps together sky resistances with the antenna-= based area A.   
      Specifically, th= e model formula for antenna voltage at any distance r says:
 
       VRX(r) =3D VRX(r1)  (K+r12) / (K+r2).
 
In dB, a model= formula recognizes power ratio V-squared and the inverse-squared distance:
 
        VRX(r) / VRX(r1) in dB =3D -40 log10[ (r / r= 1) sqrt[(1+K/r2)/(1+K/r12)] ].=
 
Constant K is = defined to be (1/=CF=80) (Rsky/R1) A.
Constant K is = calculated from reception voltages (volts, not dB) at two RX stations using equal integration times, according to this calculation:
 
         K =3D [VRX2 r2= 2 -  V= RX1 r12] / [VRX1 -  VRX2].       =
 
        I ho= pe the equation formats haven=E2=80=99t been too badly mangled by the email and the LF refl= ector!    I=E2=80= =99m also considering a disk-shaped lossy RLC transmission-line model of the ELF atmosphere, which probably would pre= dict different behavior.   M= aybe someday, amateur work can tell us which model(s) are garbage or useful material for = advancing ham ELF aspirations. 
GL & 73= , Jim H   W5EST ------=_Part_5749061_759930035.1552683874513--