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Message-ID: <7C21B1DD169746B0967307E2AB9E7FDD@JimPC>
From: "James Moritz" <james.moritz@btopenworld.com>
To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
References: <4B09D502.8030200@toya.net.pl>,<006101ca6bd9$9ab3cb70$0900a8c0@lark> <BLU146-W27B621B125696A00C593C0CF9E0@phx.gbl>
In-Reply-To: <BLU146-W27B621B125696A00C593C0CF9E0@phx.gbl>
Date: Mon, 23 Nov 2009 13:09:38 -0000
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Subject: LF: Re: N-turn TX Loop
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Dear Piotr, LF Group,

Considering only the conductor losses for the moment, in principle 
increasing the number of turns of the loop by a factor N increases the 
radiation resistance by approximately N^2, while the loss resistance of the 
conductors increases by approximately N times, giving an improvement in 
efficiency of a factor N. However, if you instead connected the same N turns 
in parallel, you would have a single-turn loop with N parallel conductors, 
with a loss resistance 1/N times that of a single conductor loop, but with 
the same radiation resistance. This would also give rise to the same N times 
efficiency improvement. So from the conductor loss point of view, increasing 
the number of conductors in the loop should improve efficiency by much the 
same amount, it would not matter much whether the turns are connected in 
series or parallel.

However, the multi-turn loop inductance is also approximately proportional 
to N^2, if the turns are fairly close together. The current in the 
multi-turn loop will be reduced by a factor of N to achieve the same 
radiated power. Most of the loop impedance is due to its inductance, so the 
overall voltage across the loop will increase by a factor of N for the same 
radiated power.This means a greater electric field strength around the 
antenna, and so increased environmental losses due to the multiple turns - 
dielectric loss increases as the square of the applied electric field. So 
assuming a constant value of environmental loss (1.5ohm in your calculation) 
is not realistic, if a significant proportion of this resistance is due to 
dielectric losses, which is probably the case for most practical antennas. 
Probably the main virtue of the transmitting loop is the reduced 
environmental loss due to it being a relatively low-impedance, low-voltage 
device. so to maintain this advantage, it would seem to be a better idea to 
have multiple parallel turns rather than series turns.

Cheers, Jim Moritz
73 de M0BMU

> > This sunday evening i decided to do some simple math and it turns out
> > that such a N-turn TX loop should work ( at least on the paper)
> > The radiation resistance is proportional to the square of so called
> > "effective
> > height" and this last term can be easily derived for a loop i.e. it is
> > equal to
> > 2*pi*A*N/lambda where A denotes area closed by a loop a N is the number
> > of turns
> > so the radiation resistance for a single turn loop reads as
> > 320*pi^4*A^2/lambda^4
> > For the N-turns the radiation resistance obtained for a single turn is
> > multiplied
> > by N^2. Ok, the R (ac) is increased as we increase N but this is linear
> > with respect to N
> > and therefore we should have gain in the radiated power.
> > (there is an implicit assumption made: the loop is "small" i.e. the
> > current is constant)
> >
> > i did some calculations: assumed TX power ( and later, perfect match to
> > the loop) 200 Watt
> > environmental loss: 1.5 Ohm, diameter of the wire d = 3 mm, rectangular
> > shape of the loop
> > i.e 10 meters by 20 meters ( less optimal than square or circle )
> > so A = 200 sq.m For N =1 (classical tx loop) we get R(AC) = 0.62 Ohm
> > ( Rac formula taken from ARRL Antenna Handbook, f = 137.7kHz)
> > radiation resistance RRAD = 55.5 microOhm, total R loss = 2.12 Ohm,
> > efficiency is 0.0026% and radiated pwr 5.2 miliWatts, I = 9.7 Amp.
> > Next, I took N =3 so the wire length is changed from 60 meters to 180,
> > everything else was kept the same and now one gets: R(ac)= 1.85 Ohm so
> > R loss = 3.35 Ohm
> > RRAD = 499.5 microOhm, efficiency increased to 0.015% and radiated pwr
> > abt 30 miliWatt, I=7.7 Amp
> > I am sorry bothering you but i simply would like to learn
> > where is the 'catch' here - if there is one ...

> > 73 de Piotr, sq7mpj
> > qth: Lodz /jo91rs/