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Date: Sun, 09 Jun 2019 11:11:46 +0200
From: DK7FC <selberdenken@posteo.de>
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To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
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Subject: ULF/VLF: Tweak resonance measurements
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Hi ULF/VLF friends,

Last wednesday there was a heavy local thunderstorm with cloud-earth but 
also with cloud-cloud lightnings. The latter produce well visible tweak 
resonance patterns in spectrograms taken from the H field. The 
fundamental frequency is at a wavelength where the distance between 
ground and D-layer is just Lambda/2, i.e. near 1650 Hz. But they also 
appear at integer multiples. Such peaks can reach in the order of 20 dB 
above the level besides the resonance frequency.
A reprocessed spectrogram from that night shows such tweaks for a time 
of about 6 hours. 
http://www.iup.uni-heidelberg.de/schaefer_vlf/ULF/Tweaks_on_NS-Loop.png
They started in daylight, where the D layer refelction height is lower. 
Then the night set in and the resonance frequency went down to about 
*1638 Hz*, which becomes visible in this spectrogram and plot:
http://www.iup.uni-heidelberg.de/schaefer_vlf/ULF/Tweak-resonances_detail1.png

Again it is a good result done by vlfrx-tools and SpectrumLab. SpecLabs 
'long term average graph' (red colour in the spectrum) was set to 
different half time values, 10 minutes was one of the best values. The 
plot shows the frequency of the highest peak of that graph. 
Unfortunately the time stamps are not correct, but they are correct for 
the spectrogram.
It looks like the frequency is reasonably stable  from 21 UTC onwards.
Sometimes that frequency is jumping by a few Hz. I guess that is because 
the location of the lightnings is varying and this will have an effect. 
However the peak is not to small, so it could work to make use of that 
resonator for amateur transmissions?

Also the 2nd resonance at 3305 Hz is quite expressed. The antenna 
efficiency at that frequency is much higher so maybe it is a good idea 
to start in that range.

With some luck, there will be a time-stamped and streamable VLF station 
at DL0AO soon. Signals from DL0AO and DK7FC could be joined in 
vlfrx-tools and then analysed side by side in SpecLab. With the plotter, 
the resonance frequencys from both locations could be plotted 
synchronuously, which will give a better impression of the dependency of 
the peak resonance from the location.

It is the ideal time for analysing such resonances from lightnings, 
however not for transmitting amateur signals ;-)

73, Stefan


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Hi ULF/VLF friends,<br>
<br>
Last wednesday there was a heavy local thunderstorm with cloud-earth
but also with cloud-cloud lightnings. The latter produce well visible
tweak resonance patterns in spectrograms taken from the H field. The
fundamental frequency is at a wavelength where the distance between
ground and D-layer is just Lambda/2, i.e. near 1650 Hz. But they also
appear at integer multiples. Such peaks can reach in the order of 20 dB
above the level besides the resonance frequency.<br>
A reprocessed spectrogram from that night shows such tweaks for a time
of about 6 hours.
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.iup.uni-heidelberg.de/schaefer_vlf/ULF/Tweaks_on_NS-Loop.png">http://www.iup.uni-heidelberg.de/schaefer_vlf/ULF/Tweaks_on_NS-Loop.png</a><br>
They started in daylight, where the D layer refelction height is lower.
Then the night set in and the resonance frequency went down to about <b>1638
Hz</b>, which becomes visible in this spectrogram and plot: <br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.iup.uni-heidelberg.de/schaefer_vlf/ULF/Tweak-resonances_detail1.png">http://www.iup.uni-heidelberg.de/schaefer_vlf/ULF/Tweak-resonances_detail1.png</a><br>
<br>
Again it is a good result done by vlfrx-tools and SpectrumLab. SpecLabs
'long term average graph' (red colour in the spectrum) was set to
different half time values, 10 minutes was one of the best values. The
plot shows the frequency of the highest peak of that graph.
Unfortunately the time stamps are not correct, but they are correct for
the spectrogram.<br>
It looks like the frequency is reasonably stable&nbsp; from 21 UTC onwards.<br>
Sometimes that frequency is jumping by a few Hz. I guess that is
because the location of the lightnings is varying and this will have an
effect. However the peak is not to small, so it could work to make use
of that resonator for amateur transmissions?<br>
<br>
Also the 2nd resonance at 3305 Hz is quite expressed. The antenna
efficiency at that frequency is much higher so maybe it is a good idea
to start in that range.<br>
<br>
With some luck, there will be a time-stamped and streamable VLF station
at DL0AO soon. Signals from DL0AO and DK7FC could be joined in
vlfrx-tools and then analysed side by side in SpecLab. With the
plotter, the resonance frequencys from both locations could be plotted
synchronuously, which will give a better impression of the dependency
of the peak resonance from the location.<br>
<br>
It is the ideal time for analysing such resonances from lightnings,
however not for transmitting amateur signals ;-)<br>
<br>
73, Stefan<br>
<br>
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