Return-Path: Received: from post.thorcom.com (post.thorcom.com [195.171.43.25]) by mtain-de03.r1000.mx.aol.com (Internet Inbound) with ESMTP id 8AECD380000A0; Mon, 27 Aug 2012 18:24:41 -0400 (EDT) Received: from majordom by post.thorcom.com with local (Exim 4.14) id 1T67iM-0001ZD-TR for rs_out_1@blacksheep.org; Mon, 27 Aug 2012 23:23:22 +0100 Received: from [195.171.43.32] (helo=relay1.thorcom.net) by post.thorcom.com with esmtp (Exim 4.14) id 1T67iM-0001Z4-6T for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 27 Aug 2012 23:23:22 +0100 Received: from imr-ma04.mx.aol.com ([64.12.206.42]) by relay1.thorcom.net with esmtp (Exim 4.77) (envelope-from ) id 1T67iJ-0003n7-4g for rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org; Mon, 27 Aug 2012 23:23:21 +0100 Received: from mtaout-da02.r1000.mx.aol.com (mtaout-da02.r1000.mx.aol.com [172.29.51.130]) by imr-ma04.mx.aol.com (8.14.1/8.14.1) with ESMTP id q7RMMtwp012497 for ; Mon, 27 Aug 2012 18:22:55 -0400 Received: from White (nrbg-4d0575d7.pool.mediaWays.net [77.5.117.215]) by mtaout-da02.r1000.mx.aol.com (MUA/Third Party Client Interface) with ESMTPA id 145BEE0002D9 for ; Mon, 27 Aug 2012 18:22:51 -0400 (EDT) Message-ID: <1067FFBBAFB14287AD6D816189F51B78@White> From: "Markus Vester" To: Date: Tue, 28 Aug 2012 00:22:26 +0200 MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal Importance: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Windows Live Mail 12.0.1606 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V12.0.1606 X-AOL-VSS-INFO: 5400.1158/83423 X-AOL-VSS-CODE: clean DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=mx.aol.com; s=20110426; t=1346106175; bh=ud90I3gSLcNQSVBkjNze0VQC2jwBkkakdRiZNXOzkbw=; h=From:To:Subject:Message-ID:Date:MIME-Version:Content-Type; b=ekzRiW8lN+2v+p0ZvV03cogVb7fkZP4WeHLo5SFso5ZsTTBw3eyVvpN2TOB4E4Mma hRf2nH7eU4vQzWtPOMF9h4ia6BrmDi8wKFmkMsPh/HBAps3PqH90EexmPo1yNGHhWy lntwx+CsAW0fYSBE6aHPq5fuzU0cWRg8veef/3Oc= X-AOL-SCOLL-SCORE: 0:2:384167744:93952408 X-AOL-SCOLL-URL_COUNT: 0 X-Spam-Score: -0.2 (/) X-Spam-Report: Spam detection software, running on the system "relay1.thorcom.net", has identified this incoming email as possible spam. The original message has been attached to this so you can view it (if it isn't spam) or label similar future email. If you have any questions, see the administrator of that system for details. Content preview: Recently I have been pondering wether it is possible to detect QRSS or Opera transmissions by signal correlation against a known waveform. This should far be more sensitive than the conventional incoherent decoding process. John's stable and phase-coherent Opera transmission last night's provided a welcome opportunity to test this scheme. [...] Content analysis details: (-0.2 points, 5.0 required) pts rule name description ---- ---------------------- -------------------------------------------------- -0.0 RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE RBL: Sender listed at http://www.dnswl.org/, no trust [64.12.206.42 listed in list.dnswl.org] 0.0 FREEMAIL_FROM Sender email is commonly abused enduser mail provider (markusvester[at]aol.com) -0.0 SPF_PASS SPF: sender matches SPF record -0.2 RP_MATCHES_RCVD Envelope sender domain matches handover relay domain 0.0 HTML_MESSAGE BODY: HTML included in message 0.0 T_DKIM_INVALID DKIM-Signature header exists but is not valid X-Scan-Signature: 81978068c3ed22c636bd574cc661f8bd Subject: LF: WD2XES - Opera detected and identified by correlation Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0017_01CD84B3.3388D3F0" X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 2.63 (2004-01-11) on post.thorcom.com X-Spam-Level: X-Spam-Status: No, hits=0.1 required=5.0 tests=HTML_MESSAGE, MISSING_OUTLOOK_NAME autolearn=no version=2.63 X-SA-Exim-Scanned: Yes Sender: owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org Precedence: bulk Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org X-Listname: rsgb_lf_group X-SA-Exim-Rcpt-To: rs_out_1@blacksheep.org X-SA-Exim-Scanned: No; SAEximRunCond expanded to false x-aol-global-disposition: G X-AOL-VSS-INFO: 5400.1158/83423 X-AOL-VSS-CODE: clean x-aol-sid: 3039ac1d40cb503bf3a8165e X-AOL-IP: 195.171.43.25 X-AOL-SPF: domain : blacksheep.org SPF : none Dies ist eine mehrteilige Nachricht im MIME-Format. ------=_NextPart_000_0017_01CD84B3.3388D3F0 Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----=_NextPart_001_0018_01CD84B3.3388D3F0" ------=_NextPart_001_0018_01CD84B3.3388D3F0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Recently I have been pondering wether it is possible to detect QRSS or = Opera transmissions by signal correlation against a known waveform. This = should far be more sensitive than the conventional incoherent decoding = process. John's stable and phase-coherent Opera transmission last = night's provided a welcome opportunity to test this scheme. Using SndInput from DL4YHF, I recorded a long IQ file at 2 samples / = second, ie. 2 Hz wide centered on 137561 Hz. The audio was taken = straight from the Rubidium-locked receiver, with no noise blanking = inserted. The data was then postprocessed using a MathCad spreadsheet. = Some results can be viewed in=20 http://df6nm.bplaced.net/opera/xes/ , along with TA grabber screenshots showing both XGJ and a weak trace from = XES in 21 mHz FFT (testTA.jpg). First a high resolution spectrogram was generated, at 1.9 mHz per bin = (xes_spectrogram.png). The central carrier component of the transmission = can clearly be seen. Best SNR occured between 3:30 and 4:30 UT (as = indicated by marker ticks), when the peak was 9.0 dB above the noise = (xes_spectrum.png). Scaling noise bandwidth from 2.9 mHz to 2.5 kHz = (-49.5 dB), and adding 6 dB for 50% duty cycle, we get a peak-power SNR = of -44.5 dB. This corresponds to -48.5 dB on the Opera SNR scale, about = 9 dB below the current decoding threshold for Op-32. The peak appeared about 0.2 Hz off-center because the 12 kHz samplerate = had not been not calibrated. Once the peak frequency is accurately = identified, the received signal can be correlated against a "prototype" = waveform, which contains the Opera sequence for WD2XES, 16-fold = oversampled. The correlation is efficiently implemented as a = multiplication in Fourier space. The result (xes_correlation_wd2xes.png) shows four distinct peaks in = time domain at 2:15, 2:48, 3:21 and 3:54 UT, which should correspond to = the a-priori unknown start times of John's Opera sequences. The = repetition period was apparently 32.92 minutes. As the DC component in = the reference waveform had not been removed, the peaks are riding on a = pedestal caused by the self-correlation of the carrier component. To check the ability to identify an unknown station, the correlation to = a different callsign was also plotted (WD2XGJ just as an arbitrary = example, see xes_correlation_wrongcode). In spite of the weak = cross-correlation peaks, we find that a correct selection from a list of = potential candidates would certainly be feasible. It would not be too difficult to automate this process and create an = "Opera deep search" software, which should be able to detect and = identify signals reliably down to about 12 dB below the threshold of the = current Opera decoder. This means at same sensitivity we could go 16 = times faster!=20 To reap this benefit, the following prerequisits need to be fulfilled: - As we need a carrier component, transmit keying has to be phase = coherent. Thus simple keying schemes which interrupt the oscillator or = divider would not work. - as we look at phase-sensitive integration over the whole sequence = rather than a single symbol duration, the frequency stability has to be = much tighter. - As there is no bit-wise decoding involved, we will need to supply a = list of potential candidate callsigns (similar to deep-search in K1JT = EME modes). Thanks again to John and Warren for the signals! Best 73, Markus=20 (DF6NM in JN59NJ) ------=_NextPart_001_0018_01CD84B3.3388D3F0 Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Recently I have been pondering wether = it is=20 possible to detect QRSS or Opera transmissions by signal correlation = against a=20 known waveform. This should far be more sensitive than the conventional=20 incoherent decoding process. John's stable and phase-coherent Opera = transmission=20 last night's provided a welcome opportunity to test this = scheme.
 
Using SndInput from DL4YHF, I recorded = a long IQ=20 file at 2 samples / second, ie. 2 Hz wide centered on 137561 Hz. The = audio was=20 taken straight from the Rubidium-locked receiver, with no noise blanking = inserted. The data was then postprocessed using a MathCad spreadsheet. = Some=20 results can be viewed in
http://df6nm.bplaced.net/ope= ra/xes/=20 ,
along with TA grabber screenshots showing both XGJ and a weak trace = from=20 XES in 21 mHz FFT (testTA.jpg).
 
First a high resolution spectrogram was = generated,=20 at 1.9 mHz per bin (xes_spectrogram.png). The central carrier component = of the=20 transmission can clearly be seen. Best SNR occured between 3:30 and 4:30 = UT (as=20 indicated by marker ticks), when the peak was 9.0 dB above the noise=20 (xes_spectrum.png). Scaling noise bandwidth from 2.9 mHz to 2.5 kHz = (-49.5 dB),=20 and adding 6 dB for 50% duty cycle, we get a peak-power SNR of -44.5 dB. = This=20 corresponds to -48.5 dB on the Opera SNR scale, about 9 dB below the = current=20 decoding threshold for Op-32.
 
The peak appeared about 0.2 Hz = off-center because=20 the 12 kHz samplerate had not been not calibrated. Once the peak = frequency is=20 accurately identified, the received signal can be correlated against a=20 "prototype" waveform, which contains the Opera sequence for WD2XES, = 16-fold=20 oversampled. The correlation is efficiently implemented as a = multiplication in=20 Fourier space.
 
The result (xes_correlation_wd2xes.png) = shows four=20 distinct peaks in time domain at 2:15, 2:48, 3:21 and 3:54 UT, which = should=20 correspond to the a-priori unknown start times of John's Opera = sequences. The=20 repetition period was apparently 32.92 minutes. As the DC component in = the=20 reference waveform had not been removed, the peaks are riding on a = pedestal=20 caused by the self-correlation of the carrier component.
 
To check the ability to identify an = unknown=20 station, the correlation to a different callsign was also plotted = (WD2XGJ just=20 as an arbitrary example, see xes_correlation_wrongcode). In spite of the = weak=20 cross-correlation peaks, we find that a correct selection from a list of = potential candidates would certainly be feasible.
 
It would not be too difficult to = automate this=20 process and create an "Opera deep search" software, which should be able = to=20 detect and identify signals reliably down to about 12 dB below the = threshold of=20 the current Opera decoder. This means at same sensitivity  we could = go 16=20 times faster!
 
To reap this benefit, the following = prerequisits=20 need to be fulfilled:
- As we need a carrier component, transmit = keying has=20 to be phase coherent. Thus simple keying schemes which interrupt the = oscillator=20 or divider would not work.
- as we look at phase-sensitive = integration over=20 the whole sequence rather than a single symbol duration, the frequency = stability=20 has to be much tighter.
- As there is no bit-wise decoding involved, = we will=20 need to supply a list of potential candidate callsigns (similar to = deep-search=20 in K1JT EME modes).
 
Thanks again to John and Warren for the = signals!
 
Best 73,
 
Markus
(DF6NM in=20 JN59NJ)
 
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