DomainKey-Signature: a=rsa-sha1; q=dns; c=nofws;
  s=s1024; d=btopenworld.com;
  h=DKIM-Signature:Received:X-Yahoo-SMTP:X-YMail-OSG:X-Yahoo-Newman-Property:Message-ID:From:To:References:In-Reply-To:Subject:Date:MIME-Version:Content-Type:Content-Transfer-Encoding:X-Priority:X-MSMail-Priority:X-Mailer:X-MIMEOLE;
  b=B9HfkYXBRtQNXevIT2ueIYJKMhvE4mDX4hrr5UZq94P2z4MKPtF4Y+B2G+DmjFN753FYPPR1yT9O0RZH4SfybEm2S/RVdqAOtBq7EgWsRgfbXDE0hygNui6lko4bWcTa4lc6RF5jxoTrdz2STF+AxSoXcr8nEZkrsjmBvZPeLOo=  ;
Message-ID: <0955B52434944E07A5C2331BF6D0DA3F@JimPC>
From: "James Moritz" <james.moritz@btopenworld.com>
To: <rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org>
References: <AANLkTilgENTZiwZLuNfcfEIiATdr-6mR4dOtJi7OV23p@mail.gmail.com><BF4A524700075746A6467658DFC7102C5107CB12AB@ICTS-S-EXC2-CA.luna.kuleuven.be><BF4A524700075746A6467658DFC7102C5107CB12AD@ICTS-S-EXC2-CA.luna.kuleuven.be> <AANLkTinAnSB2BcAMGEsdzF3oKRrJIi0UUFXNZtylzdQO@mail.gmail.com>
In-Reply-To: <AANLkTinAnSB2BcAMGEsdzF3oKRrJIi0UUFXNZtylzdQO@mail.gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 23 Jun 2010 11:59:11 +0100
MIME-Version: 1.0
DomainKey-Status: good (testing) 
Subject: LF: RE: VLF QRP Earth mode: 5.1km DX tonight / Plastic pipes
Content-Type: text/plain;
	format=flowed;
	charset="iso-8859-1";
	reply-type=original
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org
Precedence: bulk
Reply-To: rsgb_lf_group@blacksheep.org


Dear Roger, LF Group,

> Also, you do wonder with the network of gas pipes, water pipes, 
> electricity
> pylons, phone lines etc criss-crossing vast swathes of countryside just 
> how
> far "utility assisted" (for the want of a better term) earth mode VLF 
> comms
> could travel.

VLF signal propagation via utility pipes and cables is widely used by 
contractors as a method for pipe and cable location, and there has been 
equipment commercially available for many years - see for example the quite 
informative brochure at 
http://www.radiodetection.com/doclib/RDTheoryManual_complete08_en.pdf

The equipment comprises a detector, which can detect magnetic fields due to 
mains frequencies, ambient signals from VLF utilities that couple to buried 
conductors, or a VLF or audio signal from a "Genny" low-power transmitter 
unit which can be directly or inductively coupled to the buried conductor.

I'm told by people who use these things that plastic pipes are supposed to 
be installed with a tracer wire to make location easier, but this doesn't 
always happen ... different buried conductors can also couple to each other, 
and wild goose chases are apparently not unusual!

I don't know about buried conductors, but overhead telephone and power lines 
are the norm around my QTH, and when I have made mobile field strength 
measurements there have certainly been observable effects on 136k and 500k 
signals. In particular, overhead lines that are aligned in a radial 
direction from the transmitter produce peaks and nulls in the apparent field 
strength when the measuring receiver is close to them, corresponding to a 
standing wave pattern along the line. This means you have to be quite 
careful about choosing sites to make FS measurements - there seems to be 
much less effect when the overhead line is at right angles to the direction 
of the transmitter. However, the overall results of the FS measurements 
indicate that this kind of coupling only has a very localised effect near to 
the coupled conductor - it certainly does not seem to enhance the overall 
radiated signal at these frequencies, although VLF might well be different.

Cheers, Jim Moritz
73 de M0BMU